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Schaftenaar, SusanneORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-8552-1910
Publikasjoner (5 av 5) Visa alla publikasjoner
Schaftenaar, S. (2022). Gender Equality and Conflict: Gendered Determinants of Armed Conflict, Violent Political Protest, and Nonviolent Campaigns. (Doctoral dissertation). Uppsala: Department of Peace and Conflict Research
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Gender Equality and Conflict: Gendered Determinants of Armed Conflict, Violent Political Protest, and Nonviolent Campaigns
2022 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Women’s rights are not only acknowledged as fundamental human rights, but have also been linked to matters of peace and security by scholars and policymakers. This composite dissertation explores how gender equality affects conflict, specifically armed conflicts, violent political protests, and nonviolent campaigns. Nonviolent campaigns and violent political protests are often omitted from conflict literature that explores the gendered determinants of conflict. Scholarship has additionally paid little rigorous attention to how we quantitatively examine the relationship between gender equality and armed conflict. Essay I offers a global study on the effects of gender equality on nonviolent campaigns and armed conflicts. I argue that gender equality affects movements’ mobilization expectations and societal conflict norms, subsequently impacting the choice of armed conflict or nonviolent campaigns. Essay II examines the gendered determinants of nonviolent campaign participation through a survey study on the 2006 Jana Andolan II movement in Nepal. I put forward what I call the gendered participation paradox: while women, compared to men, may suffer from equal or higher levels of grievances, they have fewer resources with which to translate grievances into campaign participation. Essay III introduces a new UCDP dataset on violent political protests. It includes a short exploration of the effects of gender equality on violent protest. Essay IV re-visits comparative country-level quantitative research investigating the relationship between gender equality and armed conflict. It highlights three areas to be improved if we are to advance this field further: construct validity, sampling, and data quality. Essay I finds that increases in gender equality are associated with an increased likelihood of nonviolent conflict compared to armed and no conflict. Essay II finds support for the gendered participation paradox. Essay III describes the data collection and demonstrates the data’s utility through empirical analyses. In an illustration, it finds that lower levels of gender equality are associated with higher levels of violent political protests. Essay IV identifies construct validity, data quality and sampling concerns in research on the effects of gender equality on armed conflict. I show that past findings are less robust than expected. I re-examine the relationship and find, using out-of-sample validation, that gender equality improves the prediction of armed conflict. This dissertation contributes by taking a broad perspective when exploring the effects of gender equality on conflict by incorporating -alongside armed conflict- nonviolent campaigns and violent political protests. 

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Department of Peace and Conflict Research, 2022. s. 56
Serie
Report / Department of Peace and Conflict Research, ISSN 0566-8808 ; 129
Emneord
gender equality, gender inequality, conflict, armed conflict, nonviolent campaign, violent protest, war, gender, women, mobilization, protest, civil resistance, social movements, political violence, riot, conflict data
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Freds- och konfliktforskning
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-481022 (URN)978-91-506-2962-0 (ISBN)
Disputas
2022-09-24, Brusewitz-salen, Östra Ågatan 19, Uppsala, 13:15 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-09-02 Laget: 2022-07-31 Sist oppdatert: 2022-10-18
Svensson, I., Schaftenaar, S. & Allansson, M. (2022). Violent Political Protest: Introducing a New Uppsala Conflict Data Program Data Set on Organized Violence, 1989-2019. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 66(9), 1703-1730
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Violent Political Protest: Introducing a New Uppsala Conflict Data Program Data Set on Organized Violence, 1989-2019
2022 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Conflict Resolution, ISSN 0022-0027, E-ISSN 1552-8766, Vol. 66, nr 9, s. 1703-1730Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

This article presents the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) "Violent Political Protest"€ (VPP) data set: a new -standalone- category of organized violence, which complements, and is compatible with, UCDP's three categories of organized violence: one-sided violence, non-state, and state-based conflict. It consists of violent political protests, with at least 25 casualties during a year, in which informally organized civilians challenge states over governmental or territorial issues. We describe the data collection process, and demonstrate the data's use with empirical analyses. Violent political protest is present globally, but most prevalent in the Middle East and Africa, and increasingly common over time. Violent political protest frequently co-occurs with state-based conflicts, but rarely due to conflict escalation. We explore if this is due to shared contexts, and find that gender inequality increases the likelihood of VPP onset, similar to state-based conflicts. Finally, we identify avenues for future research, including using VPP to assist in a more precise and complete analysis of organized violence.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Sage Publications, 2022
Emneord
violent protest, conflict data, riot, political violence, armed conflict, nonviolent, UCDP, gender
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-480940 (URN)10.1177/00220027221109791 (DOI)000821083100001 ()
Forskningsfinansiär
Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation
Tilgjengelig fra: 2022-07-25 Laget: 2022-07-25 Sist oppdatert: 2023-07-12bibliografisk kontrollert
Svensson, I., Allansson, M. & Schaftenaar, S. (2017). A New Category of Organized Violence: Presenting the UCDP “Violence in Civil Protest” (ViCiP) Dataset, 1989-2015. In: : . Paper presented at The 58th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, February 22-25, Baltimore, USA.
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>A New Category of Organized Violence: Presenting the UCDP “Violence in Civil Protest” (ViCiP) Dataset, 1989-2015
2017 (engelsk)Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Freds- och konfliktforskning
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415656 (URN)
Konferanse
The 58th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, February 22-25, Baltimore, USA
Tilgjengelig fra: 2020-07-03 Laget: 2020-07-03 Sist oppdatert: 2021-02-19bibliografisk kontrollert
Schaftenaar, S. (2017). How (wo)men rebel: exploring the effect of gender equality on nonviolent and armed conflict onset. Journal of Peace Research, 54(6), 762-776
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>How (wo)men rebel: exploring the effect of gender equality on nonviolent and armed conflict onset
2017 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Peace Research, ISSN 0022-3433, E-ISSN 1460-3578, Vol. 54, nr 6, s. 762-776Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Previous studies find a strong relationship between armed conflict and gender equality, but only compare armed conflict to no armed conflict onset. However, opposition movements use different means to challenge governments, such as nonviolent or armed strategies. This study explores this variation and poses the question: How does the level of gender equality affect the onset of nonviolent campaigns and armed conflicts? It makes two contributions. First, I quantitatively test the impact of gender equality on different forms of conflict onset, and second, I propose a comprehensive gendered mobilization argument based on strategic choice theory. Nonviolent campaigns rely on mass participation, and the nonviolent conflict literature claims that they are open to a wider array of participants, including women, compared to armed conflicts. I argue that gender norms affect movements’ expectations of mobilization (mass or limited) as well as conflict norms (nonviolent or violent) in society, and subsequently, the choice of conflict strategy. I hypothesize that higher levels of gender equality, measured by fertility rate and female-to-male primary school enrolment ratio, increase the likelihood of nonviolent campaign onset, compared to both armed and no campaign onset. This study analyses country-year data from the UCDP and NAVCO datasets between 1961 and 2006 and finds that increases in gender equality are, on average, associated with an increased likelihood of nonviolent conflict onset.

Emneord
armed conflict, gender, mobilization, nonviolent campaign
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-337597 (URN)10.1177/0022343317722699 (DOI)000414782900003 ()
Prosjekter
Battles Without Bullets
Forskningsfinansiär
Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation
Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-01-02 Laget: 2018-01-02 Sist oppdatert: 2022-07-31bibliografisk kontrollert
Tønnesson, S., Melander, E., Bjarnegård, E., Svensson, I. & Schaftenaar, S. (2013). The fragile peace in East and South East Asia. In: SIPRI yearbook: Armaments, disarmament and international security. 2013 (pp. 28-40). Oxford: Oxford University Press
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>The fragile peace in East and South East Asia
Vise andre…
2013 (engelsk)Inngår i: SIPRI yearbook: Armaments, disarmament and international security. 2013, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, s. 28-40Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013
Serie
SIPRI Yearbook: armaments, disarmament and international security, ISSN 0953–0282
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Freds- och konfliktforskning
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-208113 (URN)9780199678433 (ISBN)
Prosjekter
The East Asian Peace Program
Forskningsfinansiär
Riksbankens Jubileumsfond
Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-09-23 Laget: 2013-09-23 Sist oppdatert: 2020-07-01bibliografisk kontrollert
Prosjekter
East Asian Peace Program [M10-0100:1]; Uppsala universitet, Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning; Publikasjoner
Finnbogason, D. & Svensson, I. (2018). The missing jihad: Why have there been no jihadist civil wars in Southeast Asia?. The Pacific Review, 31(1), 96-115Davenport, C., Melander, E. & Regan, P. (2018). The Peace Continuum: What It Is and How to Study It. New York: Oxford University PressStaniland, P. (2017). Armed politics and the study of intrastate conflict. Journal of Peace Research, 54(4), 459-467Bjarnegård, E., Brounéus, K. & Melander, E. (2017). Honor and Political Violence: Micro-level findings from a Survey in Thailand. Journal of Peace Research, 54(6), 748-761Kreutz, J. & Bjarnegård, E. (2017). Introduction: Debating Peace, Debating East Asia. In: Elin Bjarnegård, Joakim Kreutz (Ed.), Debating the East Asian Peace: What it is. How it came about. Will it last?. Copenhagen: NIAS PressBjarnegård, E. & Melander, E. (2017). Pacific Men: how the feminist gap explains hostility. The Pacific Review, 30(4), 478-493Kreutz, J. (2017). Peace by external withdrawal. In: Elin Bjarnegård, Joakim Kreutz (Ed.), Debating the East Asian Peace: What it is. How it came about. Will it last?. Copenhagen: NIAS PressTønnesson, S. & Baev, P. K. (2017). Stress-Test for Chinese Restraint: China Evaluates Russia's Use of Force. Strategic Analysis, 41(2), 139-151Kreutz, J., Bjarnegård, E., Eck, K., Guthrey, H. L., Melander, E., Svensson, I. & Tønnesson, S. (2017). The East Asian Peace: will it last?. In: Elin Bjarnegård, Joakim Kreutz (Ed.), Debating the East Asian Peace: What it is, How it came about, Will it last? (pp. 281-296). Copenhagen: NIAS PressMelander, E. (2017). The Masculine Peace. In: Bjarnegård, Elin; Kreutz, Joakim (Ed.), Debating the East Asian Peace: What it is. How it came about. Will it last? (pp. 200-219). NIAS PRESS
Organisasjoner
Identifikatorer
ORCID-id: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-8552-1910