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Vessby, Bengt
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Publications (10 of 123) Show all publications
Salamone, D., Annuzzi, G., Vessby, B., Rivellese, A. A., Bozzetto, L., Costabile, G., . . . Riccardi, G. (2023). Fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters reflects dietary fat intake after dietary interventions in a multinational population. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 17(4), 466-474
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters reflects dietary fat intake after dietary interventions in a multinational population
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2023 (English)In: Journal of Clinical Lipidology, ISSN 1933-2874, E-ISSN 1876-4789, Vol. 17, no 4, p. 466-474Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background

The effects of different dietary fatty acids (FA) on cardiovascular risk still needs clarification. Plasma lipids composition may be a biomarker of FA dietary intake.

Purpose

To evaluate in a composite population the relationships between changes in dietary fat intake and changes in FA levels in serum cholesterol esters.

Methods

In a multinational, parallel-design, dietary intervention (KANWU study), dietary intakes (3-day food record) and FA composition of serum cholesterol esters (gas-liquid chromatography) were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months in 162 healthy individuals, randomly assigned to a diet containing a high proportion of saturated (SFA) or monounsaturated (MUFA) fat, with a second random assignment to fish oil or placebo supplements.

Results

Main differences in serum lipid composition after the two diets included saturated (especially myristic, C14:0, and pentadecanoic, C15:0) and monounsaturated (oleic acid, C18:1 n-9) FA. C14:0 and C15:0 were related to SFA intake, while C18:1 n-9 was associated with MUFA intake. Fish oil supplementation induced a marked increase in eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n-3) acids. After the 3-month intervention, Δ-9 desaturase activity, calculated as palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid (C16:1/C16:0) ratio, was more reduced after the MUFA (0.31±0.10 vs 0.25±0.09, p<0.0001) than SFA diet (0.31±0.09 vs 0.29±0.08, p=0.006), with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

This study shows that serum cholesterol ester FA composition can be used during randomized controlled trials as an objective indicator of adherence to experimental diets based on saturated and monounsaturated fat modifications, as well as fish oil supplementation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Dietary saturated fatty acids, Monounsaturated fatty acids, Serum lipid fatty acid composition, Dietary intervention, Fish oil
National Category
Nutrition and Dietetics Food Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-516358 (URN)10.1016/j.jacl.2023.05.095 (DOI)001092975800001 ()37263854 (PubMedID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas
Available from: 2023-11-21 Created: 2023-11-21 Last updated: 2023-11-21Bibliographically approved
Marklund, M., Pingel, R., Rosqvist, F., Lindroos, A. K., Eriksson, J. W., Vessby, B., . . . Risérus, U. (2017). Fatty Acid Proportions in Plasma Cholesterol Esters and Phospholipids Are Positively Correlated in Various Swedish Populations. Journal of Nutrition, 147(11), 2118-2125
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fatty Acid Proportions in Plasma Cholesterol Esters and Phospholipids Are Positively Correlated in Various Swedish Populations
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2017 (English)In: Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0022-3166, E-ISSN 1541-6100, Vol. 147, no 11, p. 2118-2125Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Fatty acid (FA) proportions in cholesterol esters (CEs) and plasma phospholipids are widely used as dietary biomarkers. Information on how proportions in these fractions correlate could have implications for interpretation and use of FA biomarkers in observational and interventional studies. Objective: We investigated correlations between FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids in free-living individuals and assessed how diet-induced alterations of FA proportions correlate between fractions. Methods: Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (rs) between FA proportions (percentage of total FAs) in circulating CEs and phospholipids were calculated separately in 8 individual study populations including Swedish females and males (N = 2052; age range: 11-84 y), and pooled by inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. In addition, study populations were stratified by age, sex, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), and diabetes status, and strata-specific rs were pooled by meta-analysis. In 2 randomized trials (N = 79) in which dietary saturated FAs were isocalorically replaced with unsaturated FAs, treatment-wise calculations of rs were conducted between FA changes in CEs and phospholipids. Results: Overall, FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids correlated well and especially strongly for polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), with pooled rs (95% CIs) ranging from 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) for a-linolenic acid to 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) for eicosapentaenoic acid. Weak correlations (pooled rs <0.4) were observed only for palmitic acid and stearic acid, with pooled rs (95% CIs): 0.29 (0.24, 0.33) and 0.30 (0.25, 0.34), respectively. Overall, correlations were not affected by age, sex, BMI, or diabetes status. Strong correlations (r(s) >= 0.6) between diet-induced FA changes in CEs and phospholipids were observed for most PUFAs. Conclusions: Proportions of most FAs in CEs and phospholipids ranked individuals similarly, suggesting that FA proportions in these fractions can be used interchangeably in populations of diverse age, sex, body composition, and diabetes status. Caution is advised, however, when comparing results from studies assessing palmitic acid or stearic acid in different lipid fractions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN, 2017
Keywords
fatty acid, biomarker, cholesterol ester, phospholipid, meta-analysis
National Category
Nutrition and Dietetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-344334 (URN)10.3945/jn.117.254250 (DOI)000417124300014 ()28931585 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2018-03-07 Created: 2018-03-07 Last updated: 2018-03-07Bibliographically approved
Marklund, M., Pingel, R., Rosqvist, F., Lindroos, A. K., Eriksson, J., Vessby, B., . . . Risérus, U. (2017). Interrelationships Between Fatty Acid Composition in Plasma Cholesterol Esters and Phospholipids in Men and Women: A Pooled Analysis. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 71, 372-372
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Interrelationships Between Fatty Acid Composition in Plasma Cholesterol Esters and Phospholipids in Men and Women: A Pooled Analysis
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2017 (English)In: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, ISSN 0250-6807, E-ISSN 1421-9697, Vol. 71, p. 372-372Article in journal, Meeting abstract (Other academic) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
S. Karger, 2017
Keywords
Biomarker, Fatty acid, Cholesterol ester, Phospholipid, Meta-analysis
National Category
Nutrition and Dietetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377742 (URN)000415605300664 ()
Available from: 2019-02-26 Created: 2019-02-26 Last updated: 2019-02-26Bibliographically approved
Mutanen, M., Freese, R., Vessby, B., Korkalo, L., Selvester, K. & Kulathinal, S. (2016). Determinants of plasma phospholipid arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids among adolescent girls in central Mozambique - possible roles of iron and zinc. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 115, 1-7
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Determinants of plasma phospholipid arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids among adolescent girls in central Mozambique - possible roles of iron and zinc
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2016 (English)In: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, ISSN 0952-3278, E-ISSN 1532-2823, Vol. 115, p. 1-7Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We explored if linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) will be efficiently converted to arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the adolescent girls (aged 15-18 years, n=145) in Mozambique consuming habitually low fat diet and if low iron and/or zinc status predicts the conversion. Total fat, LA and ALA intakes were 15-19%, 1.2-3.5% and 0.2-0.3% of energy, respectively in three areas. Iron and zinc intake varied between 9.6-12.3 mg/day and 3.6-5.0 mg/day. Significant negative association of plasma AA was found with plasma LA and ALA and significant positive association with serum ferritin. Plasma DHA associated, negatively with plasma LA and ALA. We showed that in a population with low intakes of LA and ALA, the proportions of phospholipid LA and ALA determines the relative proportions of AA and DHA and low iron status probably attenuates the conversion of LA to AA.

Keywords
Essential fatty acids, Fatty acid desaturase index, Adolescent girls, Iron, Zinc, Sub-Saharan Africa
National Category
Nutrition and Dietetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314053 (URN)10.1016/j.plefa.2016.10.004 (DOI)000390727900001 ()27914508 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2017-02-06 Created: 2017-01-26 Last updated: 2017-11-29Bibliographically approved
Järvi, A., Karlström, B., Vessby, B. & Becker, W. (2016). Increased intake of fruits and vegetables in overweight subjects: effects on body weight, body composition, metabolic risk factors and dietary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 115(10), 1760-1768
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Increased intake of fruits and vegetables in overweight subjects: effects on body weight, body composition, metabolic risk factors and dietary intake
2016 (English)In: British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, E-ISSN 1475-2662, Vol. 115, no 10, p. 1760-1768Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been associated with several health benefits. However, the effects on body weight (BW) and metabolic markers are not fully known. The present study investigated the effects of increased intake of fruits and vegetables in overweight and obese men and women on dietary habits, anthropometry and metabolic control. In a 16-week controlled intervention, thirty-four men and thirty-four women aged 35-65 years (BMI>27 kg/m(2)) were randomised to an intervention (IN) or a reference (RG) group. All participants received general dietary advice, and subjects in the IN group received fruits and vegetables for free, of which >= 500 g had to be eaten daily. BW, waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), plasma insulin, blood glucose, glycated Hb (HbA1c), serum lipids, blood pressure, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, urinary isoprostane (iso-8-PGF 2 alpha) and serum carotenoids were measured. Diet was assessed using 3-d weighed food records. In all, thirty subjects in the IN group and thirty-two in the RG group completed the intervention. Intake of fruits and vegetables doubled in the IN group, whereas intake of fruits increased in the RG group. Serum a-and beta-carotene concentrations and intakes of folate and vitamin C increased significantly in the IN group. Energy intake, BW, WC and SAD decreased significantly in both groups. Supine systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the IN group, with no between-group differences. No significant changes were observed for other metabolic markers. Provision of fruits and vegetables led to substantially increased intakes, with subsequent favourable changes in anthropometry and insulin levels, which tended to be more pronounced in the IN group. The observed improvements may, in combination with improved nutritional markers, have health benefits in the long term.

Keywords
Fruits, Vegetables, Body weight, Food intakes, Metabolic markers
National Category
Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302243 (URN)10.1017/S0007114516000970 (DOI)000376675200007 ()26996228 (PubMedID)
External cooperation:
Available from: 2016-09-01 Created: 2016-08-31 Last updated: 2017-11-21Bibliographically approved
Freese, R., Korkalo, L., Vessby, B., Tengblad, S., Vaara, E. M., Hauta-Alus, H., . . . Mutanen, M. (2015). Essential fatty acid intake and serum fatty acid composition among adolescent girls in central Mozambique. British Journal of Nutrition, 113(7), 1086-1095
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Essential fatty acid intake and serum fatty acid composition among adolescent girls in central Mozambique
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2015 (English)In: British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, E-ISSN 1475-2662, Vol. 113, no 7, p. 1086-1095Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Many African diets are low in fat but are currently changing because of nutrition transition. We studied fat and fatty acid (FA) intake and the essential fatty acid (EFA) status of adolescent girls (aged 14-19 years, n 262) in Zambezia Province, central Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a city as well as in the towns and rural villages of a coastal and an inland district. Dietary intake and FA sources were studied in a 24 h dietary recall. FA compositions of cholesteryl esters and phospholipids of non-fasting serum samples were analysed by GLC. Fat intake was low (13-18% of energy) in all areas. Coconut and palm oil were the main sources of fat, and soyabean oil and maize were the main sources of PUFA. Compared to Food and Agriculture Organization/WHO 2010 recommendations, intake of linoleic acid (LA, 18 : 2n-6) was inadequate in the coastal district, and intakes of n-3 PUFA were inadequate in all areas. FA compositions of serum lipids differed between areas. The proportions of LA tended to be highest in the city and lowest in the rural areas. The phospholipid mead (20 : 3n-9): arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6) ratio did not indicate EFA insufficiency. LA proportions in phospholipids were low, but those of long-chain n-6 and n-3 PUFA were high in comparison with Western adolescents. To conclude, fat sources, FA intake and EFA status differed between adolescent girls living in different types of communities. Fat intake was low, but EFA insufficiency was not indicated.

Keywords
Adolescent girls, Essential fatty acids, Sub-Saharan Africa
National Category
Nutrition and Dietetics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253059 (URN)10.1017/S0007114515000306 (DOI)000353216800008 ()25772191 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2015-06-12 Created: 2015-05-20 Last updated: 2017-12-04Bibliographically approved
Byberg, L., Kilander, L., Warensjö Lemming, E., Michaëlsson, K. & Vessby, B. (2014). Cancer death is related to high palmitoleic acid in serum and to polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene in healthy Swedish men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99(3), 551-558
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cancer death is related to high palmitoleic acid in serum and to polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene in healthy Swedish men
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2014 (English)In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 99, no 3, p. 551-558Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND:

A high proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or a high ratio of MUFAs to saturated fatty acids in plasma, reflecting a high activity of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), has been shown to be related to cancer death and incidence in some studies.

OBJECTIVES:

The objective was to study whether the serum cholesteryl ester proportion of palmitoleic acid [16:1n-7 (16:1ω-3)] and the ratio of palmitoleic to palmitic acid (16:1n-7/16:0), as an estimation of the activity of SCD-1, are related to cancer death and to investigate whether polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene are related to cancer mortality.

DESIGN:

A community-based cohort of 50-y-old men was followed for a maximum of >40 y. Survival analysis was used to relate fatty acid composition in serum, analyzed at baseline by gas-liquid chromatography (n = 1981), and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SCD-1 gene (n = 986) to cancer death. A 7-d dietary record was completed at age 70 y (n = 880).

RESULTS:

The proportions of 16:1n-7 and the ratio of 16:1n-7 to 16:0 were associated with cancer mortality during follow-up in a comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile of 16:1n-7 (adjusted HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.82). Inherited variance of the SCD-1 gene seemed to be related to cancer death, especially among men with a low proportion of PUFA in the diet in a comparison of the highest with the lowest weighted genetic risk score (HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.04).

CONCLUSION:

The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that there is an association between endogenously synthesized MUFAs and cancer death.

National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-216236 (URN)10.3945/ajcn.113.065714 (DOI)000332143900018 ()24368438 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2014-01-20 Created: 2014-01-20 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
Freund-Levi, Y., Vedin, I., Hjorth, E., Basun, H., Irving, G. F., Schultzberg, M., . . . Basu, S. (2014). Effects of Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: The OmegAD Study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 42(3), 823-831
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effects of Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: The OmegAD Study
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2014 (English)In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, ISSN 1387-2877, E-ISSN 1875-8908, Vol. 42, no 3, p. 823-831Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation are two key mechanisms suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) found in fish and fish oil have several biological properties that may be beneficial in AD. However, they may also auto-oxidize and induce in vivo lipid peroxidation. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers following oral supplementation of dietary omega-3 FA. Methods: Forty patients with moderate AD were randomized to receive 1.7 g DHA (22:6) and 0.6 g EPA (20:5) or placebo for 6 months. Urinary samples were collected before and after supplementation. The levels of the major F-2-isoprostane, 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) a consistent in vivo biomarker of oxidative stress, and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha), a major metabolite of PGF(2 alpha) and biomarker of inflammatory response, were measured. Results: F-2-isoprostane in urine increased in the placebo group after 6 months, but therewas no clear difference in treatment effect between supplemented and non-supplemented patients on the urinary levels of F-2-isoprostanes and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha). At baseline, the levels of 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha) showed negative correlative relationships to omega-3 FAs, and a positive correlation to linoleic acid. 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) correlated negatively to the omega-6 FA arachidonic acid. Conclusion: The findings indicate that supplementation of omega-3 FAs to patients with AD for 6 months does not have a clear effect on free radical-mediated formation of F-2-isoprostane or cyclooxygenase-mediated formation of prostaglandin F-2 alpha. The correlative relationships to FAs indicate a potential role of FAs in immunoregulation.

Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, eicosanoids, F-2-isoprostane, inflammation, lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, prostaglandin F-2 alpha
National Category
Neurosciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235525 (URN)10.3233/JAD-132042 (DOI)000342237000011 ()
Available from: 2014-11-05 Created: 2014-11-05 Last updated: 2018-02-22Bibliographically approved
Adamsson, V., Cederholm, T., Vessby, B. & Riserus, U. (2014). Influence of a healthy Nordic diet on serum fatty acid composition and associations with blood lipoproteins: results from the NORDIET study. Food & Nutrition Research, 58, 24114
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Influence of a healthy Nordic diet on serum fatty acid composition and associations with blood lipoproteins: results from the NORDIET study
2014 (English)In: Food & Nutrition Research, ISSN 1654-6628, E-ISSN 1654-661X, Vol. 58, p. 24114-Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: The fatty acid (FA) composition of serum lipids is related to the quality of dietary fat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a healthy Nordic diet (ND) on the FA composition of serum cholesterol esters (CE-FA) and assess the associations between changes in the serum CE-FA composition and blood lipoproteins during a controlled dietary intervention.

Methods: The NORDIET trial was a six-week randomised, controlled, parallel-group dietary intervention study that included 86 adults (53±8 years) with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C. Serum CE-FA composition was measured using gas chromatography. Diet history interviews were conducted, and daily intake was assessed using checklists.

Results: Food and nutrient intake data indicated that there was a reduction in the fat intake from dairy and meat products and an increase in the consumption of fatty fish with the ND, decreasing the levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the diet, slightly decreasing the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and moderately increasing the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Concomitantly, the levels of CE-SFA 14:0, 15:0 and 18:0, but not 16:0, decreased during the ND, and these changes differed from those observed in the control diet group (p<0.01). In contrast, serum 22:6n-3 increased during the ND compared with the control diet (p<0.01). The changes in CE-SFA 14:0, 15:0 and 18:0 during the intervention correlated positively with those in LDL-C, HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, ApoA1 and ApoB (p<0.01), whereas the changes in CE-PUFA 22:6n-3 were negatively correlated with changes in the corresponding serum lipids.

Conclusions: The decreased intake of saturated fat and increased intake of n-3 PUFA in a healthy Nordic diet are partly reflected by changes in the serum CE-FA composition, which are associated with an improved serum lipoprotein pattern.

National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-211868 (URN)10.3402/fnr.v58.24114 (DOI)000345968000001 ()25476792 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2013-12-02 Created: 2013-12-02 Last updated: 2018-02-22Bibliographically approved
Freund Levi, Y., Vedin, I., Cederholm, T., Basun, H., Faxén Irving, G., Eriksdotter, M., . . . Palmblad, J. (2014). Transfer of omega-3 fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier after dietary supplementation with a docosahexaenoic acid-rich omega-3 fatty acid preparation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: the OmegAD study. Journal of Internal Medicine, 275(4), 428-436
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transfer of omega-3 fatty acids across the blood-brain barrier after dietary supplementation with a docosahexaenoic acid-rich omega-3 fatty acid preparation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: the OmegAD study
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2014 (English)In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 275, no 4, p. 428-436Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the transfer of essential fatty acids (FAs) across the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) in adulthood. In this study, we investigated whether oral supplementation with omega-3 (n-3) FAs would change the FA profile of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

METHODS: A total of 33 patients (18 receiving the n-3 FA supplement and 15 receiving placebo) were included in the study. These patients were participants in the double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized OmegAD study in which 204 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) received 2.3 g n-3 FA [high in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] or placebo daily for 6 months. CSF FA levels were related to changes in plasma FA and to CSF biomarkers of AD and inflammation.

RESULTS: At 6 months, the n-3 FA supplement group displayed significant increases in CSF (and plasma) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA and total n-3 FA levels (P < 0.01), whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group. Changes in CSF and plasma levels of EPA and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid were strongly correlated, in contrast to those of DHA. Changes in DHA levels in CSF were inversely correlated with CSF levels of total and phosphorylated tau, and directly correlated with soluble interleukin-1 receptor type II. Thus, the more DHA increased in CSF, the greater the change in CSF AD/inflammatory biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONS: Oral supplementation with n-3 FAs conferred changes in the n-3 FA profile in CSF, suggesting transfer of these FAs across the BBB in adults.

National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-223225 (URN)10.1111/joim.12166 (DOI)000333310700009 ()24410954 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2014-04-16 Created: 2014-04-16 Last updated: 2018-02-22Bibliographically approved
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