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Water Transport and Water Retention in Five Connected Subbasins in the Baltic Sea: Simulations using a General Mass-Balance Modeling Approach for Salt and Substances
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. (Miljöanalys)
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. (Miljöanalys)
2010 (English)In: Journal of Coastal Research, ISSN 0749-0208, E-ISSN 1551-5036, Vol. 26, no 2, p. 241-264Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This work presents monthly budgets for water and salt in the Baltic Sea and its five main sub-basins, the Baltic Proper, the Bothnian Sea, the Bothnian Bay, the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga. This process-based mass-balance modeling uses empirical data (from HELCOM) for the period 1997 to 2005. Previous models of this kind generally use water temperature data to differentiate between different water layers. This model (CoastMab) uses sedimentological criteria related to the theoretical wave base to differentiate between vertical layers. CoastMab stems from a model development in aquatic radioecology and it has previously been validated for many different substances (radionuclides, metals, nutrients, suspended particulate matter and salt) for lakes and relatively small coastal areas but not for such a large and complex system of interconnected basins as the Baltic Sea. New morphometric data for the Baltic Sea and the defined sub-basins and new hypsographic and volume curves based on digitized bathymetric data are also presented and used in this work. The aim has been to present data on the fluxes of water to the system, precipitation and the theoretical retention times for water and salt in the defined sub-basins since those values give fundamental information on how the system reacts to changes in, e.g., nutrient loading. The idea with this modeling, and the results presented in this work, is that these water fluxes, water retention rates and the algorithms to quantify vertical mixing and diffusion should be structured in such a manner that the model also can be used to quantify fluxes of nutrients and toxins. This places certain demands on the structure of the model, which may be different from physical oceanographic models, e.g., in quantifying sedimentation, resuspension, mixing and diffusion and in the requirements regarding the accessibility of the necessary driving variables.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2010. Vol. 26, no 2, p. 241-264
Keywords [en]
salinity; Baltic Sea; transport processes; general mass-balance model; water retention time; water retention rate; water fluxes; mixing; diffusion
National Category
Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Sedimentology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121354DOI: 10.2112/08-1082.1ISI: 000276328400005OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-121354DiVA, id: diva2:305002
Available from: 2010-03-22 Created: 2010-03-22 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Form and Function of Coastal Areas
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Form and Function of Coastal Areas
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Coastal waters have high biological productivity and provide goods and services with a high monetary value. Coasts are used by many different stakeholders and are often densely populated. These factors put coastal ecosystems under heavy environmental pressure and place high demands on politicians and coastal managers, who need suitable tools to facilitate decision-making. Geographic information systems and predictive mass balance models are two such tools, and the form of coastal areas (morphometry) is an important component of both tools in coastal management.

In this thesis it was shown that the form and function of coastal areas are interrelated in a number of ways. Morphometric parameters can be used to identify coastal areas that are more sensitive to pollution, or that potentially have higher ecological value; and morphometric analysis is an essential part of mass balance modeling. New ways of using morphometry for estimation of benthic production potential were presented and tested. It was shown that there are great differences in benthic production potential among Swedish coastal areas and regions. Different morphometric descriptors of openness were developed and tested; these can be used in habitat mapping or for prediction of sediment bottom types. Significant correlation was found between the morphometric properties of coastal areas, the proportion of accumulation bottom areas and the critical depth. Statistical models for prediction of accumulation bottom areas and critical depth were also obtained using multiple regression. Large differences were found in empirical values of bottom dynamic conditions from two different sources. Algorithms from a well tested mass balance model were adapted for modeling salt in the Baltic Sea. This enabled calculation of water exchange between five basins on a monthly time scale, which can be of use in future modeling studies. The study included morphometric analysis for structuring the model and for calculation of input data.

 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2011. p. 52
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, ISSN 1651-6214 ; 819
Keywords
Coastal areas, morphometry, geographic information systems, GIS, ecological value, wave exposure, sediment, bottom dynamic conditions, mass balance modeling
National Category
Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Earth Science with specialization in Environmental Analysis
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-150645 (URN)978-91-554-8057-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2011-05-20, Axel Hambergsalen, Department of Earth Sciences, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2011-04-27 Created: 2011-04-04 Last updated: 2022-01-28

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