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Complement-Activating IgM Enhances the Humoral but Not the T Cell Immune Response in Mice
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
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2013 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 11, p. e81299-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

IgM antibodies specific for a certain antigen can enhance antibody responses when administered together with this antigen, a process believed to require complement activation by IgM. However, recent data show that a knock-in mouse strain, C mu 13, which only produces IgM unable to activate complement, has normal antibody responses. Moreover, the recently discovered murine IgM Fc receptor (Fc mu R or TOSO/FAIM3) was shown to affect antibody responses. This prompted the re-investigation of whether complement activation by specific IgM is indeed required for enhancement of antibody responses and whether the mutation in C mu 13 IgM also caused impaired binding to Fc mu R. The results show that IgM from C mu 13 and wildtype mice bound equally well to the murine Fc mu R. In spite of this, specific C mu 13 IgM administered together with sheep red blood cells or keyhole limpet hemocyanine was a very poor enhancer of the antibody and germinal center responses as compared with wildtype IgM. Within seconds after immunization, wildtype IgM induced deposition of C3 on sheep red blood cells in the blood. IgM which efficiently enhanced the T-dependent humoral immune response had no effect on activation of specific CD4+ T cells as measured by cell numbers, cell division, blast transformation, or expression of the activation markers LFA-1 and CD44 in vivo. These observations confirm the importance of complement for the ability of specific IgM to enhance antibody responses and suggest that there is a divergence between the regulation of T-and B-cell responses by IgM.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. Vol. 8, no 11, p. e81299-
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-213930DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081299ISI: 000327216200119OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-213930DiVA, id: diva2:683633
Available from: 2014-01-05 Created: 2014-01-05 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Feedback Enhancement of Immune Responses by IgE, IgM, and IgG3 Antibodies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Feedback Enhancement of Immune Responses by IgE, IgM, and IgG3 Antibodies
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Antibodies can enhance or suppress the immune responses against their specific antigens. This phenomenon is known as antibody-mediated feedback regulation. We have studied the mechanisms underlying IgE-, IgM-, and IgG3-mediated enhancement of immune responses in mouse models using intravenous immunization. We attempted to answer the following questions: 1) Which cell type presents IgE-complexed antigens to CD4+ T cells? 2) Is complement activation required for specific IgM to enhance antibody responses? 3) Does IgM enhance CD4+ T-cell responses? 4) How are IgG3-antigen complexes transported into B-cell follicles?

We found that CD23+ B cells transporting IgE-antigen complexes into B-cell follicles were not required to prime the antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo, whereas CD11c+ cells were indispensable. After examining the three most common subpopulations of CD11c+ cells in the spleen, we determined that it was CD8α- conventional dendritic cells migrating into the T-cell zone following immunization that presented IgE-complexed antigens to CD4+ T cells.

Next, we showed that specific IgM from Cµ13 mice, which is unable to activate complement, failed to enhance either antibody or germinal center responses whereas wild-type IgM enhanced both responses. Therefore, specific IgM must activate complement to enhance humoral responses. In addition, wild-type IgM did not up-regulate CD4+ T-cell responses.

Finally, we showed that IgG3-antigen complexes were transported by marginal zone B cells into B-cell follicles via binding to complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/2) on those cells. The immune complexes were captured by follicular dendritic cells as early as 2 h after immunization. Germinal center responses were also enhanced by IgG3. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, we found that CR1/2 expression was required on both marginal zone B cells and follicular dendritic cells to provide an optimal enhancement of antibody responses.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2015. p. 52
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 1061
Keywords
IgE, IgM, IgG3, antibody responses, T-cell responses, antigen transportation, antigen presentation, complement, complement receptors 1 and 2
National Category
Immunology in the medical area
Research subject
Immunology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-237337 (URN)978-91-554-9129-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2015-02-12, C8:301, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2015-01-19 Created: 2014-12-01 Last updated: 2018-01-11Bibliographically approved
2. IgM and Complement in Regulation of Antibody Responses
Open this publication in new window or tab >>IgM and Complement in Regulation of Antibody Responses
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Animals deficient in complement components C1q, C4, C3, and CR1/2 have severely impaired antibody responses. C1q is primarily activated by antibody-antigen complexes. Antigen-specific IgM in complex with an antigen is able to enhance the antibody response against that antigen. This is dependent on the ability of IgM to activate complement. Naïve mice have very low amounts of specific antibodies and therefore it is surprising that classical pathway activation plays a role for primary antibody responses. It was hypothesized that natural IgM, present in naïve mice, would bind an antigen with enough affinity to activate C1q. To test this, a knock-in mouse strain, Cm13, with a point mutation in m heavy chain, making its IgM unable to activate complement was constructed. Surprisingly, the antibody responses in Cm13 were normal. Puzzled by the finding that the ability of IgM to activate complement was required only for some effects, the immunization protocol was changed to mimic an infectious scenario. With this regime, Cm13 mice had an impaired antibody response compared to wildtype (WT) mice. The antibody response in WT mice to these repeated low-dose immunizations was also enhanced. These observations suggest that IgM-mediated enhancement indeed plays a physiological role in initiation of early antibody responses. IgM-mediated enhancement cannot however compensate for the dependecy of T-cell help. Although IgM from WT mice enhanced the antibody response, the T-cell response was not enhanced. The connection between classical pathway activation and CR1/2 is thought to be generation of ligands for CR1/2. In mice, CR1/2 are expressed on B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDC). Although CR1/2 are crucial for a normal antibody response, the molecular mechanism(s) are not understood. To investigate whether CR1/2 must be expressed on B-cells or FDC to generate a normal antibody response, chimeric mice between WT and CR1/2-deficient mice were constructed. The results show that CR1/2+ FDC were crucial for the generation of antibody responses. In the presence of CR1/2+ FDC, both CR1/2+ and CR1/2- B cells were equally good antibody producers. However, for an optimally enhanced antibody response against IgM-antigen complexes, both B cells and FDC needed to express CR1/2.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2015. p. 62
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 1140
Keywords
IgG, GC responses, feedback regulation, T-cell responses, antigen presentation, complement receptors 1 and 2
National Category
Immunology in the medical area
Research subject
Immunology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-263472 (URN)978-91-554-9357-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2015-11-19, C4:305, BMC, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2015-10-28 Created: 2015-09-30 Last updated: 2018-01-11

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Ding, ZhoujieBergman, AnnaHeyman, Birgitta

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