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Time course profiling of the retinal transcriptome after optic nerve transection and optic nerve crush
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, Medicinsk utvecklingsbiologi.
Vise andre og tillknytning
2008 (engelsk)Inngår i: Molecular Vision, ISSN 1090-0535, Vol. 14, s. 1050-1063Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

PURPOSE:

A time-course analysis of gene regulation in the adult rat retina after intraorbital nerve crush (IONC) and intraorbital nerve transection (IONT).

METHODS:

RNA was extracted from adult rat retinas undergoing either IONT or IONC at increasing times post-lesion. Affymetrix RAE230.2 arrays were hybridized and analyzed. Statistically regulated genes were annotated and functionally clustered. Arrays were validated by means of quantative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on ten regulated genes at two times post-lesion. Western blotting and immunohistofluorescence for four pro-apoptotic proteins were performed on naïve and injured retinas. Finally, custom signaling maps for IONT- and IONC-induced death response were generated (MetaCore, Genego Inc.).

RESULTS:

Here we show that over time, 3,219 sequences were regulated after IONT and 1,996 after IONC. Out of the total of regulated sequences, 1,078 were commonly regulated by both injuries. Interestingly, while IONT mainly triggers a gene upregulation-sustained over time, IONC causes a transitory downregulation. Functional clustering identified the regulation of high interest biologic processes, most importantly cell death wherein apoptosis was the most significant cluster. Ten death-related genes upregulated by both injuries were used for array validation by means of qRT-PCR. In addition, western blotting and immunohistofluorescence of total and active Caspase 3 (Casp3), tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 associated death domain (TRADD), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1a (TNFR1a), and c-fos were performed to confirm their protein regulation and expression pattern in naïve and injured retinas. These analyses demonstrated that for these genes, protein regulation followed transcriptional regulation and that these pro-apoptotic proteins were expressed by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). MetaCore-based death-signaling maps show that several apoptotic cascades were regulated in the retina following optic nerve injury and highlight the similarities and differences between IONT and IONC in cell death profiling.

CONCLUSIONS:

This comprehensive time course retinal transcriptome study comparing IONT and IONC lesions provides a unique valuable tool to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying optic nerve injury and to design neuroprotective protocols.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2008. Vol. 14, s. 1050-1063
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-97698ISI: 000257750100001PubMedID: 18552980OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-97698DiVA, id: diva2:172737
Tilgjengelig fra: 2008-11-06 Laget: 2008-11-06 Sist oppdatert: 2023-02-03bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Experimental Injury to the Visual System: Molecular Studies of the Retina
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Experimental Injury to the Visual System: Molecular Studies of the Retina
2008 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Retinal ganglion cells play a crucial role in the relay of visual signals from the eye to the brain. This cell type is affected and eventually lost in the eye disease glaucoma, resulting in progressive and irreversible loss of vision. Studies of the molecular mechanisms leading to retinal ganglion cell death are important for the understanding of the disease and for designing future treatments. This thesis addresses and studies these molecular mechanisms, including alterations in gene expression after experimental retinal injuries. The effects of a neuroprotective drug, brimonidine, after transient retinal ischemia were also studied in order to help explain the mechanisms behind the protective properties of this drug.

Several methods, including quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, micro-arrays, western blot and immunohistochemistry, were used. The results showed that transient retinal ischemia triggers cell division in Müller cells and alters the gene expression of growth factors, their receptors, and intermediate filaments in the retina. Several genes related to the apoptosis process were less affected. Pre-treatment with brimonidine increased the levels of certain growth factors (BDNF, NT3, CNTF, FGF9) compared with vehicle. Brimonidine also had marked effects on genes related to progenitor cells, among them the recognized neural stem cell marker nestin. The increase in levels of nestin after ischemia was countered by brimonidine treatment. Moreover, retinal ganglion cell death following either optic nerve transection or optic nerve crush appears to involve the extrinsic apoptotic pathway although the gene expression response appears to differ between these injuries.

The results obtained in this work contribute to an increased understanding of retinal injuries and highlight the importance of Müller cells in the endogenous defense against retinal injuries.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2008. s. 61
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 392
Emneord
retina, injury, ischemia, gene expression, brimonidine, alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, neuroprotection, growth factors, apoptosis, Müller cells
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9344 (URN)978-91-554-7321-1 (ISBN)
Disputas
2008-11-28, B21, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 09:15
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2008-11-06 Laget: 2008-11-06 Sist oppdatert: 2022-03-11bibliografisk kontrollert

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