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No detection of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae from Swedish patients, 1996-2013.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Research and Development, Gävleborg. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Infection medicine.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Infection medicine.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9684-7887
2016 (English)In: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, ISSN 2000-8686, E-ISSN 2000-8686, Infection ecology & epidemiology, Vol. 6, no 1, article id 31374Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory infections which can cause life-threatening pneumonia and serious extrapulmonary manifestations. Since the year 2000, the emergence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains has increased with varying incidences across countries. In China more than 90% of the strains are resistant. M. pneumoniae diagnostics is mostly done with molecular methods, and in Sweden antibiotic resistance surveillance is not routinely performed. The prevalence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae has not previously been studied in Sweden.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 563 M. pneumoniae-positive respiratory samples, collected from four counties in Sweden between 1996 and 2013, were screened for mutations associated with macrolide resistance using a duplex FRET real-time PCR method. The real-time PCR targets the 23S rRNA gene, and differentiation between wild-type and resistant strains was achieved with a melting curve analysis.

RESULTS: Of the 563 samples included, 548 were analyzed for mutations associated with macrolide resistance. No mutations were found. The detection rate of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae in this study was 0% [0.00-0.84%].

CONCLUSION: No macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae has been detected in Sweden. However, the emergence and spread of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae strains in many countries commands continuous epidemiological surveillance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2016. Vol. 6, no 1, article id 31374
Keywords [en]
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, antibiotic resistance, diagnostics, macrolide, treatment
National Category
Infectious Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319205DOI: 10.3402/iee.v6.31374PubMedID: 27258207OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-319205DiVA, id: diva2:1086316
Available from: 2017-03-31 Created: 2017-03-31 Last updated: 2019-04-06Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Molecular detection and epidemiological studies of atypical bacteria causing respiratory tract infections
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Molecular detection and epidemiological studies of atypical bacteria causing respiratory tract infections
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Respiratory infections are common causes of morbidity and mortality. Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis cause respiratory infection, often with similar symptoms. Molecular diagnostic methods are preferred since these bacteria are difficult to culture. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and improve the diagnostics and knowledge of the epidemiology of these bacteria.

A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting the IS481 element present in the genome of B. pertussis was compared to culture and serology results, and a duplex real-time PCR method was constructed for detecting C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae, which was compared to two endpoint PCR methods. Both real-time PCR methods showed high sensitivity and specificity.

Typing of 624 M. pneumoniae samples, collected from 1996 to 2017 from four counties, was performed by P1 typing and multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). A polyclonal distribution of strains was seen over all epidemic periods, but strains of P1 type 2/variant 2 and MLVA types 3-5-6-2 and 4-5-7-2 predominated in 2010−2013. A shift from type 2 strains to different variant 2 strains was seen and a new variant, 2e, was detected in 2016−2017. An A2063G mutation associated with macrolide resistance was detected by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) PCR method in one (0.16%) of 608 M. pneumoniae strains.

Molecular characterisation using whole-genome sequencing of 93 B. pertussis isolates, collected between 1986 and 2016 from three counties showed that there were polyclonal strains in the county of Dalarna, Gävleborg and Uppsala in the years 2014−2016. Changes in virulence-related genes were detected: a shift from isolates harbouring the ptxP3 allele in favour of ptxP1 was seen, and almost all isolates had a disrupted prn gene. No detection of macrolide resistance in B. pertussis was detected.

In conclusion, the validated real-time PCR methods for detection of B. pertussis, C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae have led to improved diagnostic methods for use in clinical laboratories. The molecular characterisation of M. pneumoniae and B. pertussis strains has contributed to the wider understanding of the genetic changes that has occurred over the epidemic periods, but further studies is needed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2019. p. 63
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 1564
Keywords
Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, real-time PCR, P1 typing, MLVA, whole-genome sequencing, macrolide resistance, molecular diagnostics, molecular epidemiology
National Category
Infectious Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-381158 (URN)978-91-513-0632-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-05-29, Rudbeckssalen, Rudbeckslaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, Uppsala, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2019-05-06 Created: 2019-04-06 Last updated: 2019-06-17

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