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Hyperkalemia After Initiating Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade: The Stockholm Creatinine Measurements (SCREAM) Project
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Baltimore, MD USA..
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA..
Karolinska Inst, Div Renal Med, Dept Clin Sci Intervent & Technol, Stockholm, Sweden..
Geisinger Hlth Syst, Div Nephrol, Danville, PA USA..
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2017 (English)In: Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, ISSN 2047-9980, E-ISSN 2047-9980, Vol. 6, no 7, article id e005428Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Concerns about hyperkalemia limit the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), but guidelines conflict regarding potassium-monitoring protocols. We quantified hyperkalemia monitoring and risks after ACE-I/ARB initiation and developed and validated a hyperkalemia susceptibility score.

Methods and Results: We evaluated 69 426 new users of ACE-I/ARB therapy in the Stockholm Creatinine Measurements (SCREAM) project with medication initiation from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2010, and follow-up for 1 year thereafter. Three fourths (76%) of SCREAM patients had potassium checked within the first year. Potassium >5 and >5.5 mmol/L occurred in 5.6% and 1.7%, respectively. As a comparison, we propensity-matched new ACE-I/ARB users to 20 186 new beta-blocker users in SCREAM: 64% had potassium checked. The occurrence of elevated potassium levels was similar between new beta-blocker and ACEI/ARB users without kidney disease; only at estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) were risks higher among ACE-I/ARB users. We developed a hyperkalemia susceptibility score that incorporated estimated glomerular filtration rate, baseline potassium level, sex, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and the concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics in new ACE-I/ARB users; this score accurately predicted 1-year hyperkalemia risk in the SCREAM cohort (area under the curve, 0.845, 95% CI: 0.840-0.869) and in a validation cohort from the US-based Geisinger Health System (N=19 524; area under the curve, 0.818, 95% CI: 0.794-0.841), with good calibration.

Conclusions: Hyperkalemia within the first year of ACE-I/ARB therapy was relatively uncommon among people with estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), but rates were much higher with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Use of the hyperkalemia susceptibility score may help guide laboratory monitoring and prescribing strategies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
WILEY , 2017. Vol. 6, no 7, article id e005428
Keywords [en]
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, chronic kidney disease, hyperkalemia, potassium, risk score
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-333403DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.116.005428ISI: 000406278900029OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-333403DiVA, id: diva2:1157143
Funder
AstraZenecaSwedish Heart Lung FoundationStockholm County CouncilAvailable from: 2017-11-15 Created: 2017-11-15 Last updated: 2017-11-29Bibliographically approved

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