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De Novo Assembly of Two Swedish Genomes Reveals Missing Segments from the Human GRCh38 Reference and Improves Variant Calling of Population-Scale Sequencing Data
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6085-6749
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
Stockholm Univ, DBB, Sci Life Lab, S-11419 Stockholm, Sweden.
Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala Univ, Dept Immunol Genet & Pathol, Sci Life Lab, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
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2018 (English)In: Genes, ISSN 2073-4425, E-ISSN 2073-4425, Vol. 9, no 10, article id 486Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The current human reference sequence (GRCh38) is a foundation for large-scale sequencing projects. However, recent studies have suggested that GRCh38 may be incomplete and give a suboptimal representation of specific population groups. Here, we performed a de novo assembly of two Swedish genomes that revealed over 10 Mb of sequences absent from the human GRCh38 reference in each individual. Around 6 Mb of these novel sequences (NS) are shared with a Chinese personal genome. The NS are highly repetitive, have an elevated GC-content, and are primarily located in centromeric or telomeric regions. Up to 1 Mb of NS can be assigned to chromosome Y, and large segments are also missing from GRCh38 at chromosomes 14, 17, and 21. Inclusion of NS into the GRCh38 reference radically improves the alignment and variant calling from short-read whole-genome sequencing data at several genomic loci. A re-analysis of a Swedish population-scale sequencing project yields > 75,000 putative novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and removes > 10,000 false positive SNV calls per individual, some of which are located in protein coding regions. Our results highlight that the GRCh38 reference is not yet complete and demonstrate that personal genome assemblies from local populations can improve the analysis of short-read whole-genome sequencing data.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2018. Vol. 9, no 10, article id 486
Keywords [en]
de novo assembly, SMRT sequencing, GRCh38, human reference genome, human whole-genome sequencing, population sequencing, Swedish population
National Category
Genetics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-369762DOI: 10.3390/genes9100486ISI: 000448656700024PubMedID: 30304863OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-369762DiVA, id: diva2:1271526
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 2014.0272Swedish Research CouncilAvailable from: 2018-12-17 Created: 2018-12-17 Last updated: 2022-01-29Bibliographically approved

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Ameur, AdamBunikis, IgnasDahlberg, JohanHöijer, IdaHäggqvist, SusanaNordlund, JessicaFeuk, LarsGyllensten, Ulf B.

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Ameur, AdamBunikis, IgnasDahlberg, JohanHöijer, IdaHäggqvist, SusanaNordlund, JessicaOlason, PallFeuk, LarsGyllensten, Ulf B.
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Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyScience for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLabMolecular MedicineDepartment of Cell and Molecular BiologyMedicinsk genetik och genomik
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