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Extending the immune phenotypes of lung cancer: Oasis in the desert
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Vise andre og tillknytning
(engelsk)Manuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Tumor infiltrating immune cells are key elements of the tumor microenvironment and mediate the anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy. The aim of the study was to characterize patterns of immune cell infiltration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in relation to tumor mutations and clinicopathological parameters. 

Methods: Lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, FOXP3+, CD45RO+), macrophages (CD163+), plasma cells (CD138+), NK cells (NKp46+) and PD-L1+ were annotated on a tissue microarray including 357 operated NSCLC cases. Somatic mutations and tumor mutational burden were analyzed by targeted sequencing for 82 genes, and transcriptomic immune patterns were established in 197 patients based on RNAseq data. 

Results: We identified somatic mutations (TP53, NF1, KEAP1, CSMD3, LRP1B) that correlated with specific immune cell infiltrates. Hierarchical clustering revealed four immune classes: with (1) high immune cell infiltration (“inflamed”), (2) low immune cell infiltration (“desert”), (3) a mixed phenotype, and (4) a new phenotype with an overall muted inflammatory cell pattern but with an imprint of NK and plasma cells. This latter class exhibited low expression of immune response-related genes (e.g. CXCL9, GZMB, INFG, TGFB1), but was linked to better survival and therefore designated “oasis”. Otherwise, the four immune classes were not related to the presence of specific mutations (EGFR, KRAS, TP53) or histologic subtypes. 

Conclusion: We present a compartment-specific immune cell analysis in the context of the molecular and clinical background of NSCLC and identified the novel immune class “oasis”. The immune classification helps to better define the immunogenic potency of NSCLC in the era of immunotherapy. 

Emneord [en]
Immune infiltration, PD-L1, checkpoint therapy, tumor microenvironment
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390316OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-390316DiVA, id: diva2:1341395
Tilgjengelig fra: 2019-08-08 Laget: 2019-08-08 Sist oppdatert: 2019-08-20
Inngår i avhandling
1. Mutation and immune profiling of non-small cell lung cancer
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Mutation and immune profiling of non-small cell lung cancer
2019 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Several novel therapies that target molecular alterations and immune checkpoints in lung cancer have been introduced in the last decade. Still, only a minority of patients obtain long term disease control and overall survival remains poor. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the landscape of genetic alterations and immune cell infiltrates in tumor tissues from a large representative patient cohort of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

The mutational status of 82 genes related to lung cancer development were evaluated, in paper I, by a targeted re-sequencing approach adapted to work on “real-life” samples of mixed quality. We observed a remarkably high prevalence of activating KRAS mutations. Otherwise, the mutation spectrum resembled other western lung cancer populations. Poor survival was linked to subgroups of lung adenocarcinoma with mutations in TP53, STK11 and SMARCA4, independent of concomitant KRAS mutations. In lung squamous cell carcinoma, patients with mutations in CSMD3 had better survival.

The infiltration of tumor-associated immune cells was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis in paper II. Previously described immune response patterns termed “inflamed” and “desert” were confirmed in our dataset. In addition, we discovered a new immune phenotype characterized by overall sparse presence of most immune cell types except for a distinct infiltration of NK and plasma cells. This novel immune class displayed a favorable prognosis and was therefore designated “oasis”.

In paper III, infiltration of macrophage subtypes was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of CD68, CD163, MSR1 and MARCO. The majority of macrophages exhibited a tumor promoting phenotype and expression of MARCO, a targetable scavenger receptor, was detected in a distinct subset of NSCLC patients. Further investigation of the functional roles of MARCO in a human NSCLC setting was carried out in paper IV. Here, MARCO expression on cultured myeloid cells could be induced by NSCLC cell lines. The MARCO+ cells displayed an immunosuppressive phenotype and could effectively suppress the cytolytic effect of NK cells and CD8+ T cells. A monoclonal antibody targeting MARCO removed these inhibitory effects of the MARCO+ cells.

In summary, this thesis contributes knowledge on the genetic and immunologic underpinning of lung cancer that forms the basis for current and future treatment strategies in the evolving era of personalized oncology and pathology.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2019. s. 69
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 1592
Emneord
Non-small cell lung cancer, Tumor microenvironment, Tumor-associated macrophages, Immune infiltrates, PD-L1, Mutation patterns, Immune therapy, MARCO, TP53, STK11, KRAS
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390321 (URN)978-91-513-0733-6 (ISBN)
Disputas
2019-10-11, Rudbecksalen, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 09:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2019-09-19 Laget: 2019-08-20 Sist oppdatert: 2019-10-15

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Backman, MaxLa Fleur, LinneaDjureinovic, DijanaElfving, HedvigMattsson, Johanna Sofia MargaretaEltahir, MohamedMangsbo, SaraIsaksson, JohanMezheyeuski, ArturPontén, FredrikLindskog, CeciliaBotling, JohanMicke, Patrick

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Backman, MaxLa Fleur, LinneaDjureinovic, DijanaElfving, HedvigMattsson, Johanna Sofia MargaretaEltahir, MohamedMangsbo, SaraIsaksson, JohanMezheyeuski, ArturPontén, FredrikLindskog, CeciliaBotling, JohanMicke, Patrick

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