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Ordovician (Billingen and Volkhov stages) Brachiopod Faunas of the East Baltic
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Palaeontology group.
2004 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Lower-Middle Ordovician (Arenig) successions in the East Baltic have been investigated for more than one hundred and fifty years. Nevertheless detailed sampling still yields new species and better knowledge of the environment in which these organisms lived. The successions are well suited for bed by bed sampling because of the lack of tectonic disturbance and because the sequences are well documented.

This study analyses collections of Billingen-Volkhov age mainly from the St. Petersburg region, but also from Estonia. A great deal of the material was obtained from the marly to clayey, soft sediment that intercalates the compact packstones and wackestones in the succession. Twenty-nine of these clay horizons were used for diversity estimates on the fauna through the succession. The most thoroughly investigated groups for this investigation were rhynchonelliformean brachiopods, conodonts and ostracodes. The results indicate that variances in diversity and abundance levels for these groups were not correlated, either to each other or to the small-scale sea level fluctuations that have been suggested for the region. However, diversity dynamics of brachiopods and ostracodes confirm the large-scale upward shallowing of the basin into the Upper Volkhov. Comparison with fossils from the limestones did not reveal any differences in faunal composition between the two preservation modes.

The detailed sampling, coupled with sampling of the recently described mud mounds that occur in several outcrops, yielded large numbers of specimens. This enabled revision of earlier poorly known rhynchonelliformean genera such as Ujukella Andreev, as well as better known genera such as Porambonites Pander. In total the examined faunas include 31 genera assigned to 53 species of rhynchonelliformean brachiopods. Of these Leoniorthis and Eoporambonites are defined as new genera, and the following new species are described: Neumania paucicostata, Ranorthis rotunda, Orthidium gambolovensis, Orthidium lavensis, Skenidioides minutus, Tetralobula peregrina, Idiostrophia prima and Idiostrophia tenuicostata.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis , 2004. , p. 30
Keywords [en]
Earth sciences, Early Middle Ordovician, Billingen Regional Stage, Volkhov Regional Stage, Diversity, Brachiopoda, Conodonta, Ostracoda, Estonia, Russia
Keywords [sv]
Geovetenskap
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4303ISBN: 91-506-1756-7 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-4303DiVA, id: diva2:164796
Public defence
2004-06-04, Lecture Theatre, Palaeontology building, Norbyvägen 22, SE-752 36 Uppsala, 13:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2004-05-14 Created: 2004-05-14 Last updated: 2011-02-17Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Spatial variations in faunal composition, Middle Ordovician, Volkhov Stage, East Baltic
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Spatial variations in faunal composition, Middle Ordovician, Volkhov Stage, East Baltic
2001 (English)In: GFF, ISSN 1103-5897, Vol. 123, no 2, p. 65-72Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Small-scale lateral variations in faunal skeletal composition and taphonomic characters were analysed at five successive levels containing soft clay layers in the Middle Ordovician (Middle and Upper Volkhov Stage) of the Putilovo quarry in the East Baltic region of Russia. At the studied levels, the relative abundance of faunal elements (mainly brachiopods, ostracodes, and conodonts) generally shows high spatial homogeneity. This even faunal composition is probably due to major time averaging, leading to equalisation of the composition of the assemblages within the units. Differences in taphonomic characters between the sub-samples are also mostly minor; variation in the degree of shell breakage is most probably the result of intensive bioturbation rather than of hydraulic transportation. Changes in the relative abundance of taxa either spatially or temporally, can be considered reliable only if they exceed the small-scale spatial heterogeneity of faunal composition as well as the errors related to the sample size and laboratory treatment of the samples. The relative error in the relative abundance of conodont taxa connected with the laboratory treatment is rather high (approximately 12%).

Keywords
Conodonts, brachiopods, ostracodes, diversity, taphonomy, Ordovician, Russia
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-91909 (URN)
Available from: 2004-05-14 Created: 2004-05-14 Last updated: 2013-04-29Bibliographically approved
2. Faunal composition and dynamics in unconsolidated sediments: a case study from the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Faunal composition and dynamics in unconsolidated sediments: a case study from the Middle Ordovician of the East Baltic
Show others...
2003 (English)In: Geological Magazine, ISSN 0016-7568, Vol. 140, no 1, p. 31-44Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The Volkhov Regional Stage (Middle Ordovician) in the East Baltic preserves diverse fossil assemblages dominated by epibenthic suspension feeders. Brachiopods, ostracodes, conodonts, echinoderms and bryozoans are the main components of palaeocommunities obtained from clay horizons in the Putilovo section (St Petersburg region, Russia), whereas trilobites, machaeridians, hyolithids, graptolites, benthic foraminifers and gastropods are rare or occur sporadically. Brachiopod bioclasts volumetrically dominate the debris of the studied sediments. Quantitative faunal data are used to assess species diversity patterns, as expressed by the species richness (total number of species in the standardized sample size) and by the evenness or equitability of the community. The numerical abundance of particular taxa in each standardized sample was used to evaluate the density of the fauna. The communities in the Volkhov Stage in Putilovo Quarry reveal a remarkable stability throughout the studied interval and are characterized by high density (1000–6000 specimens per 100 g), relatively moderate species richness (10–15 species) and a moderately variable equitability (0.3–0.7) for the dominant fossil groups (conodonts, ostracodes and brachiopods). Ostracodes significantly increase in numbers within the upper part of the section. This confirms a shallowing of the basin during the late Volkhov interval. Small-scale variability of the diversity estimates does not correlate with the small-scale sea-level changes reconstructed for this part of the basin. It may be connected with error in diversity measurement, or the result of undetected environmental parameters. Variability estimates for different faunal groups are poorly correlated because particular groups have different environmental tolerances.

Keywords
diversity, Conodonta, Brachiopoda, Ostracoda, Ordovician, Baltoscandia
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-91910 (URN)10.1017/S001675680200701X (DOI)
Available from: 2004-05-14 Created: 2004-05-14 Last updated: 2013-04-29Bibliographically approved
3. Conodonts and brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician microbial mud mound at Putilovo Quarry, north-western Russia
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conodonts and brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician microbial mud mound at Putilovo Quarry, north-western Russia
2003 In: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, ISSN 0011-6297, Vol. 50, no 1, p. 63-74Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-91911 (URN)
Available from: 2004-05-14 Created: 2004-05-14Bibliographically approved
4. New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic
Open this publication in new window or tab >>New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic
2003 In: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, ISSN 0567-7920, Vol. 48, no 1, p. 31-38Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-91912 (URN)
Available from: 2004-05-14 Created: 2004-05-14Bibliographically approved
5. Revision of the plectambonitoid brachiopod Ujukella Andreev and related genera
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Revision of the plectambonitoid brachiopod Ujukella Andreev and related genera
1999 In: GFF, ISSN 1103-5897, Vol. 121, no 4, p. 325-332Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-91913 (URN)
Available from: 2004-05-14 Created: 2004-05-14Bibliographically approved
6. Ordovician (Arenig-Caradoc) Syntrophiidine brachiopods from the East Baltic Region
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ordovician (Arenig-Caradoc) Syntrophiidine brachiopods from the East Baltic Region
2005 (English)In: Palaeontology, ISSN 0031-0239, E-ISSN 1475-4983, Vol. 48, no 4, p. 739-761Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Syntrophiidine brachiopods are a rare and poorly known component of Ordovician Baltoscandian faunas. They appear in the East Baltic in the Billingenian (lower Arenig) as part of the earliest known benthic assemblages dominated by elements of the Palaeozoic Evolutionary Fauna. These faunal assemblages usually include bryozoans, ostracodes, and the earliest known porambonitoids, strophomenides and endopunctate orthides, such as Idiostrophia and Orthidium, which later became characteristic of the Whiterockian brachiopod assemblages in Laurentia, but by that time had disappeared from Baltica. The superfamily Syntrophioidea reappears in Baltoscandia in the mid Caradoc. In contrast, Porambonitoidea remained the integral part of the Baltoscandian brachiopod associations through the Ordovician. Porambonites, herein redefined on the basis of restudy of the type species P. intermedius, includes only smooth porambonitoids; taxa with the distinctive ornament of radiating rows of pits first appeared in the group in the mid Arenig. The taxa Eoporambonites gen. nov., Tetralobula peregrina sp. nov., Idiostrophia prima sp. nov. and Idiostrophia tenuicostata sp. nov. are erected.

National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-91914 (URN)10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00487.x (DOI)
Available from: 2004-05-14 Created: 2004-05-14 Last updated: 2017-12-14Bibliographically approved
7. Early-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) Orthide and Protorthide brachiopods from the East Baltic
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Early-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) Orthide and Protorthide brachiopods from the East Baltic
2006 (English)In: GFF, ISSN 1103-5897, E-ISSN 2000-0863, Vol. 128, no 4, p. 339-348Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Three new orthide species: Orthidium lavensis, Orthidium gambolovensis and Ranorthis rotunda, and one new protorthide species: Skenidioides minutus, are described from the Early-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of Estonia and north-western Russia. This is the first record of Orthidium from Baltica, whereas Skenidioides was known previously only from the Keila and Oandu stages in Estonia.

Keywords
Brachiopoda, Estonia, New species, Ordovician, Orthida, Orthidium, Protorthida, Ranorthis, Russia, Skenidioides
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-91915 (URN)000243752400007 ()
Available from: 2004-05-14 Created: 2004-05-14 Last updated: 2017-12-14Bibliographically approved

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