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Negative correlation peak shaving control in a parking garage in Uppsala, Sweden
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electricity.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1787-5669
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electricity.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7720-9062
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electricity.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4090-8622
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electricity.ORCID iD: 0009-0007-6241-8807
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2024 (English)In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 375, article id 124082Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

As the global transition away from fossil fuels accelerates, energy systems across the globe face a significant challenge. Given the high energy consumption of electric vehicle chargers, effective control is imperative to prevent local grid overload and congestion. In Uppsala, Sweden, a newly built parking garage includes 30 electric vehicle chargers, 62 kW solar energy production, and a 60 kW/137 kWh battery energy storage system. This paper presents a control algorithm that uses a negative correlation scheme, adjusted to the local grid load, to effectively manage the battery energy storage. To improve the performance of the algorithm, a genetic optimization method is applied to find the best feasible daily load profile for the parking garage. The results indicate that peak load and energy consumption during grid high-load hours can be significantly reduced. This also results in an 9.5−12.8% reduction in electricity distribution fees at current prices as well as a peak load reduction of up to 50 %. Increasing the battery capacity and charging/discharging power in the scenarios analysed within the study will improve the algorithm’s ability to achieve a satisfactory negative correlation between the load demand of the facility and the local grid. The proposed control algorithm lowers the facility’s impact on the local grid during high-load peak hours by utilizing the battery energy storage system at the parking garage. Moreover, it decreases the distribution fees of the facility by lowering the load peaks and shifting the electricity consumption to the morning and night.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024. Vol. 375, article id 124082
Keywords [en]
Peak shaving, Negative correlation, Mobility house, Genetic algorithm, Dansmästaren
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-537029DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124082ISI: 001293475300001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-537029DiVA, id: diva2:1892210
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 2019-03066Available from: 2024-08-26 Created: 2024-08-26 Last updated: 2024-09-12Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. From Parking to Power: Integrating an Energy Management System in a Multifunctional Building to Enable E-mobility
Open this publication in new window or tab >>From Parking to Power: Integrating an Energy Management System in a Multifunctional Building to Enable E-mobility
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

E-mobility is pivotal in enabling sustainable and technologically advanced urban environments. In line with this, Sweden's electric vehicle fleet is rapidly expanding, thereby increasing the power necessary for charging electric vehicles. If not properly managed and controlled, this increase in power can potentially threaten grid stability and exacerbate grid congestion. 

The primary aim of this thesis was to assess and investigate the potential of a next-generation parking facility at a multifunctional building to be an active part of the city’s distribution grid. The research was guided by the question of to what capacity smart control of a parking facility with a technical system could assist and alter the load demand to generate benefits for both the building and the city’s distribution grid.

This was investigated at Dansmästaren, the first multifunctional building in Uppsala, Sweden. An experimental setup with an electric vehicle charging station and an energy management system was developed at the Ångström laboratory to test and verify control strategies before their implementation at the multifunctional building's parking facility. Thereafter, a second energy management system was developed and implemented at Dansmästaren with the purpose of monitoring and controlling the electric vehicle charging at the parking facility.

The findings of the included papers were divided into two categories. The charging of the electric vehicles can either be assisted by the parking facility's technical system or altered by including the electric vehicle charging in the control for the technical system. Both categories show that a parking facility with a technical system in a multifunctional building can help reduce local grid demand while also providing local benefits for the building.

While the contribution of a single multifunctional building may appear negligible from a grid perspective, the cumulative effect becomes substantial when applied across multiple buildings. Thus, the parking facility at Dansmästaren has the potential to play an active role in the city’s distribution grid through smart charging and the utilization of an energy management system.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2024. p. 82
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, ISSN 1651-6214 ; 2449
Keywords
Peak shaving, Negative correlation, Mobility house, Genetic algorithm, Dansmästaren, Multifunctional building, E-mobility
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Engineering Science with specialization in Science of Electricity
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-538089 (URN)978-91-513-2229-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-11-01, 101121, Sonja Lyttkens, Ångström, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-10-08 Created: 2024-09-12 Last updated: 2024-10-08

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Wallberg, AlexanderCastellucci, ValeriaFlygare, CarlLind, EmilSchultz, EgilMartins Mattos, MarinaWaters, Rafael

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