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Synthesis, biological evaluation and X-ray crystallographic studies of imidazo[1,2-a]-pyridine based Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase inhibitors
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Farmaceutiska fakulteten, Institutionen för läkemedelskemi, Avdelningen för organisk farmaceutisk kemi.
Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Biologiska sektionen, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, Struktur- och molekylärbiologi.
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Farmaceutiska fakulteten, Institutionen för läkemedelskemi, Avdelningen för organisk farmaceutisk kemi.
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Farmaceutiska fakulteten, Institutionen för läkemedelskemi, Avdelningen för organisk farmaceutisk kemi.
Vise andre og tillknytning
2012 (engelsk)Inngår i: MedChemComm, ISSN 2040-2503, E-ISSN 2040-2511, Vol. 3, nr 5, s. 620-626Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Based on an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine hit from a high-throughput screen directed at the M. tuberculosis enzyme glutamine synthetase, a hit expansion was performed by synthesizing a series of analogs. A set of 16 molecules was first synthesized according to a statistical molecular design approach. One potent inhibitor was identified (IC50 = 3.0 µM), which led to the synthesis of 17 additional imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in a follow-up study. Among these, several inhibitors were identified showing single digit micromolar potency. An X-ray structure of one of these revealed the binding mode of this class of inhibitors in the ATP-binding site, and allowed us to rationalize some of the structure-activity relationships observed.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2012. Vol. 3, nr 5, s. 620-626
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Kemi med inriktning mot organisk kemi; Läkemedelskemi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100359DOI: 10.1039/c2md00310dISI: 000304387300013OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-100359DiVA, id: diva2:210170
Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-03-31 Laget: 2009-03-31 Sist oppdatert: 2018-01-13bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Design and Synthesis of Novel Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors and Development of Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Design and Synthesis of Novel Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors and Development of Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation
2009 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease, killing about 2 million people annually throughout the world. Today's TB treatment is a lengthy procedure involving a combination of antibiotics. No new TB drug has been introduced onto the market in the past 40 years, and the emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant TB calls for new drugs. Finding new drug targets is important and one such target is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS), which catalyses the formation of glutamine from glutamic acid. In this work, novel GS inhibitors and new Pd(0)-catalyzed methods have been developed.

A microwave-enhanced Pd(0)-catalyzed α-arylation reaction was developed using water as solvent, and a phenylglycine scaffold was identified using structure-based design. A series of α-arylated phenylglycine derivates was produced at moderate to good yields. Some of these were biologically evaluated against GS.

A novel scaffold, 3-amino-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, was identified by high-throughput screening directed towards GS. This type of compound could be easily produced via a Ugi-type, microwave-promoted multi-component reaction in 20 min. The scaffold was investigated by changing one substituent at a time, and in an experimental design where 8 factors were varied in the same design. Several potent inhibitors were identified; amongst them the most potent inhibitor to date (IC50 = 0.38 µM). Two discrete structure-activity relationships were established, and one of the inhibitors was co-crystallized.

The first general aminocarbonylation of aryl chlorides and the first aminocarbonylation of alkenyl phosphates were developed. Alkenyl chlorides, bromides and triflates were investigated in the same transformation utilizing Mo(CO)6 as a solid carbon monoxide source. Two different Pd(0)-based catalytic systems were developed. A wide variety of aryl chlorides and amines could be transformed into the corresponding amides with good yields. The alkenyl substrates produced low to good yields.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2009. s. 55
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy, ISSN 1651-6192 ; 95
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
läkemedelskemi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100377 (URN)978-91-554-7492-8 (ISBN)
Disputas
2009-05-15, B22, BMC, Husargatan3, Uppsala, 13:15 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-04-23 Laget: 2009-03-31 Sist oppdatert: 2018-01-13bibliografisk kontrollert
2. Hit Identification and Hit Expansion in Antituberculosis Drug Discovery: Design and Synthesis of Glutamine Synthetase and 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase Inhibitors
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Hit Identification and Hit Expansion in Antituberculosis Drug Discovery: Design and Synthesis of Glutamine Synthetase and 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase Inhibitors
2011 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Since the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as the bacterial agent causing tuberculosis, the permanent eradication of this disease has proven challenging. Although a number of drugs exist for the treatment of tuberculosis, 1.7 million people still die every year from this infection. The current treatment regimen involves lengthy combination therapy with four different drugs in an effort to combat the development of resistance. However, multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains are emerging in all parts of the world. Therefore, new drugs effective in the treatment of tuberculosis are much-needed.

The work presented in this thesis was focused on the early stages of drug discovery by applying different hit identification and hit expansion strategies in the exploration of two new potential drug targets, glutamine synthetase (GS) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR).

A literature survey was first carried out to identify new Mtb GS inhibitors from compounds known to inhibit GS in other species. Three compounds, structurally unrelated to the typical amino acid derivatives of previously known GS inhibitors, were then discovered by virtual screening and found to be Mtb GS inhibitors, exhibiting activities in the millimolar range. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine analogues were also investigated as Mtb GS inhibitors. The chemical functionality, size requirements and position of the substituents in the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine hit were investigated, and a chemical library was designed based on a focused hierarchical design of experiments approach. The X-ray structure of one of the inhibitors in complex with Mtb GS provided additional insight into the structure–activity relationships of this class of compounds.

Finally, new α-arylated fosmidomycin analogues were synthesized as inhibitors of Mtb DXR, exhibiting IC50 values down to 0.8 µM. This work shows that a wide variety of aryl groups are tolerated by the enzyme. Cinnamaldehydes are important synthetic intermediates in the synthesis of fosmidomycin analogues. These were prepared by an oxidative Heck reaction from acrolein and various arylboronic acids. Electron-rich, electron-poor, heterocyclic and sterically hindered boronic acids could be employed, furnishing cinnamaldehydes in 43–92% yield.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2011. s. 86
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy, ISSN 1651-6192 ; 148
Emneord
Tuberculosis, Glutamine synthetase, Imidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine analogues, Focused hierarchical design of experiments, DXR, Fosmidomycin analogues, 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase, Cinnamaldehydes, Oxidative Heck reaction
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Läkemedelskemi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155428 (URN)978-91-554-8151-3 (ISBN)
Disputas
2011-10-21, B22, Husargatan 3, SE-751 23, Uppsala, 09:15 (svensk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2011-09-30 Laget: 2011-06-22 Sist oppdatert: 2018-01-12bibliografisk kontrollert

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Nordqvist, AnneliNilsson, Mikael T.Gising, JohanOdell, Luke R.Larhed, MatsMowbray, Sherry L.Karlén, Anders

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