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STAT4 Associates with SLE through two independent effects that correlate with gene expression and act additively with IRF5 to increase risk
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för genetik och patologi.
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för genetik och patologi.
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för genetik och patologi.
Vise andre og tillknytning
2009 (engelsk)Inngår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 68, nr 11, s. 1746-1753Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

OBJECTIVES: To confirm and define the genetic association of STAT4 and systemic lupus erythematosus, investigate the possibility of correlations with differential splicing and/or expression levels, and genetic interaction with IRF5. METHODS: 30 tag SNPs were genotyped in an independent set of Spanish cases and controls. SNPs surviving correction for multiple tests were genotyped in 5 new sets of cases and controls for replication. STAT4 cDNA was analyzed by 5'-RACE PCR and sequencing. Expression levels were measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS: In the fine-mapping, four SNPs were significant after correction for multiple testing, with rs3821236 and rs3024866 as the strongest signals, followed by the previously associated rs7574865, and by rs1467199. Association was replicated in all cohorts. After conditional regression analyses, two major independent signals represented by SNPs rs3821236 and rs7574865, remained significant across the sets. These SNPs belong to separate haplotype blocks. High levels of STAT4 expression correlated with SNPs rs3821236, rs3024866 (both in the same haplotype block) and rs7574865 but not with other SNPs. We also detected transcription of alternative tissue-specific exons 1, indicating presence of tissue-specific promoters of potential importance in the expression of STAT4. No interaction with associated SNPs of IRF5 was observed using regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm STAT4 as a susceptibility gene for SLE and suggest the presence of at least two functional variants affecting levels of STAT4. Our results also indicate that both genes STAT4 and IRF5 act additively to increase risk for SLE.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2009. Vol. 68, nr 11, s. 1746-1753
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-102290DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.097642ISI: 000270700900016PubMedID: 19019891OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-102290DiVA, id: diva2:214598
Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-05-06 Laget: 2009-05-06 Sist oppdatert: 2022-01-28bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Genetic Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Candidate Genes to Functional Variants
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Genetic Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Candidate Genes to Functional Variants
2008 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

The aim of this thesis has been to identify genetic variants that increase the susceptibility for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease caused by a complex interplay between various genetic and environmental factors.

Five different candidate genes were selected through different strategies, and were analysed for association with SLE in an attempt to distinguish some of the underlying mechanisms of this disease. Two of these genes, PD-L1 and PD-L2, appeared not to contain any major risk factors for SLE in the analysed European and Latin American populations. In two other genes, CD24 and STAT4, there appeared to be population-specific effects. The A57V amino acid substitution in the CD24 gene, previously implicated with multiple sclerosis, was associated in a Spanish cohort, with a weak trend in German samples, and no association in Swedish. The previously reported and highly convincing association of the STAT4 transcription factor gene was confirmed in all our cohorts. Interestingly, the results indicate the presence of at least two independent risk variants: the first, represented by a previously reported SNP, was the strongest in individuals of Northern European ancestry, and the second was more pronounced in individuals from Southern Europe and Latin America. We also report the identification of a novel susceptibility gene. The BANK1 gene, encoding a scaffold protein involved in B-cell activation, contains functional variants affecting important domains, which are associated in all investigated cohorts from Europe and Latin America.

These results confirm the existence of replicable associations between genetic variants and SLE, which are common and present in many populations. The results also illustrate a certain degree of heterogeneity, where some risk factors could have variable effect in different populations.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Universitetsbiblioteket, 2008. s. 61
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 395
Emneord
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLE, association study, complex disease, genetic
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9367 (URN)978-91-554-7336-5 (ISBN)
Disputas
2008-12-06, Rudbecksalen, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 13:15 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2008-11-14 Laget: 2008-11-14 Sist oppdatert: 2022-03-11bibliografisk kontrollert
2. Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Pursuit of Functional Variants
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Pursuit of Functional Variants
2013 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects women during the childbearing years. SLE is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and their interacting proteins. The exact molecular mechanisms leading to the breakdown of self-tolerance remain to a large extent unknown, but it is well established that they are influenced by both non-genetic (i.e. environmental and hormonal) and genetic factors. SLE is a complex, polygenic disease. Several susceptibility variants have been identified in SLE. However, the functional role in disease pathogenesis for the majority of them remains largely unknown.

This thesis includes case-control association studies where the role of the genes TNFSF4 (Paper I), STAT4 (Paper II), CD226 (Paper III), and BLK (Papers IV and V) in the susceptibility of developing SLE was investigated. The primary focus was on the identification of the functional variants underlying the association. For each of these genes, fine mapping was performed using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the linkage disequilibrium (LD) was characterized, and the association was narrowed down to specific haplotypes by means of several different statistical genetic strategies. Candidate variants were prioritized for further functional analysis on the basis of their potential effect on the gene function, their association, and/or biological plausibility. In Paper I, the association of TNFSF4 with SLE was validated and attributed to a risk haplotype tagged by SNPs rs1234317-T and rs12039904-T. Paper II provides evidence supporting the presence of at least two independent genetic effects within the STAT4 gene represented by rs3821236-A and rs7574865-A, which correlated with increased levels of gene expression. In Paper III, a functional allele in CD226 (rs727088-C) was identified, which was responsible for decreased levels in both mRNA and protein expression. In Paper IV, two independent genetic effects in the BLK gene were demonstrated. The first one comprised multiple regulatory variants in high LD that were enriched for NFκB and IRF4 binding sites and correlated with low BLK mRNA levels. The second was a low-frequency missense substitution (Ala71Thr) that decreased the BLK protein half-life. In Paper V, a genetic epistatic interaction between BANK1 rs10516487 (GG) and BLK rs2736340 (TT+TC) was demonstrated. Additional molecular analyses established that these molecules interact physically.  

These studies have contributed to the dissection of the genetic architecture of SLE. They highlight the allelic heterogeneity of the disease and provide functional links to the associated variants, which has significantly aided in the understanding of SLE disease pathogenesis.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2013. s. 88
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 876
Emneord
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLE, Genetic Mapping, Association Studies, Functional Variants, TNFSF4, STAT4, IRF5, CD226, BLK, BANK1, Systemisk Lupus Erythematosus, SLE, Genetik, Genetisk Association, Funktionella Varianter, TNFSF4, STAT4, IRF5, CD226, BLK, BANK1, Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico, LES, Estudios de Asociación Genética, Variantes Funcionales, TNFSF4, STAT4, IRF5, CD226, BLK, BANK1
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Medicinsk genetik; Medicinsk vetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196428 (URN)978-91-554-8620-4 (ISBN)
Disputas
2013-04-26, Rudbecksalen, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 09:15 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-04-05 Laget: 2013-03-08 Sist oppdatert: 2018-01-11bibliografisk kontrollert

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