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In situ detection of phosphorylated platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta using a generalized proximity ligation method
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
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2007 (English)In: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, ISSN 1535-9476, E-ISSN 1535-9484, Vol. 6, no 9, p. 1500-1509Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Improved methods are needed for in situ characterization of post-translational modifications in cell lines and tissues. For example, it is desirable to monitor the phosphorylation status of individual receptor tyrosine kinases in samples from human tumors treated with inhibitors to evaluate therapeutic responses. Unfortunately the leading methods for observing the dynamics of tissue post-translational modifications in situ, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, exhibit limited sensitivity and selectivity. Proximity ligation assay is a novel method that offers improved selectivity through the requirement of dual recognition and increased sensitivity by including DNA amplification as a component of detection of the target molecule. Here we therefore established a generalized in situ proximity ligation assay to investigate phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) in cells stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor BB. Antibodies specific for immunoglobulins from different species, modified by attachment of DNA strands, were used as secondary proximity probes together with a pair of primary antibodies from the corresponding species. Dual recognition of receptors and phosphorylated sites by the primary antibodies in combination with the secondary proximity probes was used to generate circular DNA strands; this was followed by signal amplification by replicating the DNA circles via rolling circle amplification. We detected tyrosine phosphorylated PDGFRβ in human embryonic kidney cells stably overexpressing human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged human PDGFRβ in porcine aortic endothelial cells transfected with the β-receptor, but not in cells transfected with the α-receptor, and also in immortalized human foreskin fibroblasts, BJ hTert, endogenously expressing the PDGFRβ. We furthermore visualized tyrosine phosphorylated PDGFRβ in tissue sections from fresh frozen human scar tissue undergoing wound healing. The method should be of great value to study signal transduction, screen for effects of pharmacological agents, and enhance the diagnostic potential in histopathology.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2007. Vol. 6, no 9, p. 1500-1509
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-12659DOI: 10.1074/mcp.M700166-MCP200ISI: 000249237200004PubMedID: 17565975OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-12659DiVA, id: diva2:40428
Available from: 2008-05-28 Created: 2008-05-28 Last updated: 2017-12-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. High Content Analysis of Proteins and Protein Interactions by Proximity Ligation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>High Content Analysis of Proteins and Protein Interactions by Proximity Ligation
2010 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Fundamental to all biological processes is the interplay between biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Studies of interactions should therefore be more informative than mere detection of expressed proteins. Preferably, such studies should be performed in material that is as biologically and clinically relevant as possible, i.e. in primary cells and tissues. In addition, to be able to take into account the heterogeneity of such samples, the analyses should be performed in situ to retain information on the sub-cellular localization where the interactions occur, enabling determination of the activity status of individual cells and allowing discrimination between e.g. tumor cells and surrounding stroma. This requires assays with an utmost level of sensitivity and selectivity.

Taking these issues into consideration, the in situ proximity-ligation assay (in situ PLA) was developed, providing localized detection of proteins, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications in fixed cells and tissues. The high sensitivity and selectivity afforded by the assay's requirement for dual target recognition in combination with powerful signal amplification enables visualization of single protein molecules in intact single cells and tissue sections.

To further increase the usefulness and application of in situ PLA, the assay was adapted to high content analysis techniques such as flow cytometry and high content screening. The use of in situ PLA in flow cytometry offers the possibility for high-throughput analysis of cells in solution with the unique characteristics offered by the assay. For high content screening, it was demonstrated that in situ PLA can enable cell-based drug screening of compounds affecting post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions in primary cells, offering superior abilities over current assays.

The methods presented in this thesis provide powerful new tools to study proteins in genetically unmodified cells and tissues, and should offer exciting new possibilities for molecular biology, diagnostics and drug discovery.



Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2010. p. 56
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 530
Keywords
in situ, proximity ligation, flow cytometry, high content screening, rolling circle amplification, in situ PLA, single-cell, single-molecule, protein interactions, drug screening, post-translational modifications
National Category
Cell and Molecular Biology
Research subject
Molecular Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-119530 (URN)978-91-554-7739-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2010-04-16, Rudbecksalen, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2010-03-25 Created: 2010-02-26 Last updated: 2018-01-12Bibliographically approved
2. Visualization of Protein Activity Status in situ Using Proximity Ligation Assays
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Visualization of Protein Activity Status in situ Using Proximity Ligation Assays
2010 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In 2001 the human proteome organization (HUPO) was created with the ambition to identify and characterize all proteins encoded in the human genome according to several criteria; their expression levels in different tissues and under different conditions; the sub-cellular localization; post-translational modifications; interactions, and if possible also the relationship between their structure and function.When the knowledge of different proteins and their potential interactions increases, so does the need for methods able to unravel the nature of molecular processes in cells and organized tissues, and ultimately for clinical use in samples obtained from patients.

The in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) was developed to provide localized detection of proteins, post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions in fixed cells and tissues. Dual recognition of the target or interacting targets is a prerequisite for the creation of a circular reporter DNA molecule, which subsequently is locally amplified for visualization of individual protein molecules in single cells. These features offer the high sensitivity and selectivity required for detection of even rare target molecules.

Herein in situ PLA was first established and then employed as a tool for detection of both interactions and post-translational modifications in cultured cells and tissue samples. In situ PLA was also adapted to high content screening (HCS) for therapeutic effects, where it was applied for cell-based drug screening of inhibitors influencing post-translational modifications. This was performed using primary cells, paving the way for evaluation of drug effects on cells from patient as a diagnostic tool in personalized medicine.

In conclusion, this thesis describes the development and applications of in situ PLA as a tool to study proteins, post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions in genetically unmodified cells and tissues, and for clinical interactomics.

 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2010. p. 44
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 609
Keywords
proximity ligation, in situ, high content screening, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, rolling circle amplification, protein interactions, in situ PLA, post-translational modifications, drug screening
National Category
Cell and Molecular Biology Medical Genetics
Research subject
Molecular Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-131934 (URN)978-91-554-7919-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2010-12-04, Rudbecksalen, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2010-11-11 Created: 2010-10-11 Last updated: 2018-01-12Bibliographically approved
3. Visualizing Interacting Biomolecules In Situ
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Visualizing Interacting Biomolecules In Situ
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Intra- and intercellular information is communicated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and protein-protein interactions, transducing information over cell membranes and to the nucleus. A cells capability to respond to stimuli by several highly complex and dynamic signaling networks provides the basis for rapid responses and is fundamental for the cellular collaborations required in a multicellular organism. Having received diverse stimuli, being positioned at various stages of the cell cycle or, for the case of cancer, containing altered genetic background, each cell in a population is slightly different from its neighbor. However, bulk analyses of interactions will only reveal an average, but not the true variation within a population. Thus studies of interacting endogenous biomolecules in situ are essential to acquire a comprehensive view of cellular functions and communication.

In situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) was developed to investigate individual endogenous protein-protein interactions in fixed cells and tissues and was later applied for detection for PTMs. Progression of signals in a pathway can branch out in different directions and induce expression of different target genes. Hence simultaneous measurement of protein activity and gene expression provides a tool to determine the balance and progression of these signaling events. To obtain this in situ PLA was combined with padlock probes, providing an assay that can interrogate both PTMs and mRNA expression at a single cell level. Thereby different nodes of the signaling pathway as well as drug effects on different types of molecules could be investigated simultaneously.

In addition to regulation of gene expression, protein-DNA interactions present a mechanism to manage accessibility of the genomic DNA in an inheritable manner, providing the basis for lineage commitment, via e.g. histone PTMs. To enable analyses of protein-DNA interactions in situ we developed a method that utilizes the proximity dependence of PLA and the sequence selectivity of padlock probes.

This thesis presents new methods providing researchers with a set of tools to address cellular functions and communication in complex microenvironments, to improve disease diagnostics and to contribute to hopefully finding cures.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2011. p. 55
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 674
Keywords
proximity ligation, in situ PLA, padlock probe, rolling circle amplification, flow cytometry, in situ, single cell, single molecule, protein interaction, protein-DNA interaction, posttranslational modification
National Category
Cell and Molecular Biology
Research subject
Molecular Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-151579 (URN)978-91-554-8078-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2011-06-01, Rudbecksalen, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2011-05-11 Created: 2011-04-14 Last updated: 2018-01-12Bibliographically approved

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Jarvius, MalinWeibrecht, IreneLeuchowius, Karl-JohanWählby, CarolinaBotling, JohanSjöblom, TobiasLandegren, UlfSöderberg, Ola

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