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Diaphragm muscle weakness in an experimental porcine intensive care unit model
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology. (klin neurofysiologi)
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology.
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2011 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 6, no 6, article id e20558Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In critically ill patients, mechanisms underlying diaphragm muscle remodeling and resultant dysfunction contributing to weaning failure remain unclear. Ventilator-induced modifications as well as sepsis and administration of pharmacological agents such as corticosteroids and neuromuscular blocking agents may be involved. Thus, the objective of the present study was to examine how sepsis, systemic corticosteroid treatment (CS) and neuromuscular blocking agent administration (NMBA) aggravate ventilator-related diaphragm cell and molecular dysfunction in the intensive care unit. Piglets were exposed to different combinations of mechanical ventilation and sedation, endotoxin-induced sepsis, CS and NMBA for five days and compared with sham-operated control animals. On day 5, diaphragm muscle fibre structure (myosin heavy chain isoform proportion, cross-sectional area and contractile protein content) did not differ from controls in any of the mechanically ventilated animals. However, a decrease in single fibre maximal force normalized to cross-sectional area (specific force) was observed in all experimental piglets. Therefore, exposure to mechanical ventilation and sedation for five days has a key negative impact on diaphragm contractile function despite a preservation of muscle structure. Post-translational modifications of contractile proteins are forwarded as one probable underlying mechanism. Unexpectedly, sepsis, CS or NMBA have no significant additive effects, suggesting that mechanical ventilation and sedation are the triggering factors leading to diaphragm weakness in the intensive care unit.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2011. Vol. 6, no 6, article id e20558
National Category
Physiology
Research subject
Clinical Neurophysiology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155622DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020558ISI: 000291730000014PubMedID: 21698290OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-155622DiVA, id: diva2:427100
Available from: 2011-06-27 Created: 2011-06-27 Last updated: 2021-06-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Intensive Care Unit Muscle Wasting: Skeletal Muscle Phenotype and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Intensive Care Unit Muscle Wasting: Skeletal Muscle Phenotype and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms
2012 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Acute quadriplegic myopathy (AQM), or critical illness myopathy, is a common debilitating acquired disorder in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients characterized by generalized muscle wasting and weakness of limb and trunk muscles. A preferential loss of the thick filament protein myosin is considered pathognomonic of this disorder, but the myosin loss is observed relatively late during the disease progression. In attempt to explore the potential role of factors considered triggering AQM in sedated mechanically ventilated (MV) ICU patients, we have studied the early effects, prior to the myosin loss, of neuromuscular blockade (NMB), corticosteroids (CS) and sepsis separate or in combination in a porcine experimental ICU model. Specific interest has been focused on skeletal muscle gene/protein expression and regulation of muscle contraction at the muscle fiber level. This project aims at improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle specific differences in response to the ICU intervention and the role played by the different triggering factors.

The sparing of masticatory muscle fiber function was coupled to an up-regulation of heat shock protein genes and down-regulation of myostatin are suggested to be key factors in the relative sparing of masticatory muscles. Up-regulation of chemokine activity genes and down-regulation of heat shock protein genes play a significant role in the limb muscle dysfunction associated with sepsis. The effects of corticosteroids in the development of limb muscle weakness reveals up-regulation of kinase activity and transcriptional regulation genes and the down-regulation of heat shock protein, sarcomeric, cytoskeletal and oxidative stress responsive genes. In contrast to limb and craniofacial muscles, the respiratory diaphragm muscle responded differently to the different triggering factors. MV itself appears to play a major role for the diaphragm muscle dysfunction. By targeting these genes, future experiments can give an insight into the development of innovative treatments expected at protecting muscle mass and function in critically ill ICU patients.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2012. p. 66
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 812
Keywords
acute quadriplegic myopathy, gene expression, myosin, heat shock proteins, mechanical ventilation, myostatin, sepsis, corticosteroids, diaphragm
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences Neurosciences
Research subject
Clinical Neurophysiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-180374 (URN)978-91-554-8469-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2012-10-24, Hedstrandsalen, Ingang 70, bv Akademiska Sukhuset, Uppsala, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2012-10-03 Created: 2012-09-05 Last updated: 2018-01-12Bibliographically approved
2. Molecular And Cellular Networks in Critical Illness Associated Muscle Weakness: Skeletal Muscle Proteostasis in the Intensive Care Unit
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Molecular And Cellular Networks in Critical Illness Associated Muscle Weakness: Skeletal Muscle Proteostasis in the Intensive Care Unit
2012 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Critical illness associated muscle weakness and muscle dysfunction in intensive care unit (ICU) patients lead to severe morbidity and mortality as well as significant adverse effect on quality of life. Immobilization, mechanical ventilation, neuromuscular blocking agents, corticosteroids, and sepsis have been implicated as important risk factors, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear.  A unique porcine ICU model was employed to investigate the effect of these risk factors on the expression profiles, gene expression and contractile properties of limb and diaphragm muscle, in the early phase of ICU stay. This project has focused on unraveling the underlying molecular and cellular pathways or networks in response to ICU and critical illness interventions.

Upregulation of heat shock proteins indicated to play a protective role despite number of differentially transcribed gene groups that would otherwise have a negative effect on muscle fiber structure and function in response to immobilization and mechanical ventilation.  Mechanical ventilation appears to play a critical role in development of diaphragmatic dysfunction. Impaired autophagy, chaperone expression and protein synthesis are indicated to play a pivotal role in exacerbating muscle weakness in response to the combined effect of risk factors in ICU. These results may be of therapeutic importance in alleviating critical illness associated muscle weakness.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2012. p. 63
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 841
Keywords
chaperones, autophagy, intensive care unit, heat shock proteins, protein synthesis, proteostasis, ER stress, gene expression, sepsis, neuromuscular blockers, corticosteroids, immobilisation, mechanical ventilation
National Category
Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy)
Research subject
Molecular Cellbiology; Molecular Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-183959 (URN)978-91-554-8542-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2012-12-11, B7:113, BMC, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2012-11-20 Created: 2012-11-06 Last updated: 2013-01-23Bibliographically approved

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Ochala, JulienRenaud, GuillaumeLlano Diez, MonicaBanduseela, Varuna CAare, SudhakarLarsson, Lars

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