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Serum fatty-acid composition and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a longitudinal population based study
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics. (Molekylär geriatrik)
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2012 (English)In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 66, no 8, p. 885-890Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:

It is unknown if a specific fatty-acid composition influences the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nutrition is a possible target for prevention of dementia and especially omega-3-based fatty acids (n-3 FAs) have previously been suggested to be beneficial for cognition. The objective was to ascertain whether serum FAs predicts the risk of incident AD and dementia in a longitudinal population-based cohort.

SUBJECTS/METHODS:

Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men started in 1970. The proportions of FAs in serum cholesteryl esters were estimated in men (n=2009) who were 50 years old at baseline. During a 35 year follow-up time, 213 men had developed dementia, out of which 91 AD. The associations were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression; adjusted for age, education and vascular risk factors.

RESULTS:

Subjects with a higher proportion of saturated FAs had a decreased risk of AD in crude and multi-adjusted models (hazard ratio for 1-s.d. increase in palmitic acid 0.72; 95% confidence intervals: 0.59-0.89). These associations persisted even in the group of approximately 85-year-old survivors. n-3 FAs FAs were not associated with decreased risk of AD or dementia.

CONCLUSIONS:

In contrast to experimental studies, saturated FAs were inversely associated with risk of AD. No evidence of a protective effect of n-3 FAs against dementia was found. The results remained essentially unchanged if competing risk from mortality was taken into account.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2012. Vol. 66, no 8, p. 885-890
Keywords [en]
fatty acid, alzheimer's disease, dementia
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Research subject
Geriatrics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-164527DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.63ISI: 000307236900003PubMedID: 22713770OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-164527DiVA, id: diva2:468445
Projects
ULSAMAvailable from: 2011-12-20 Created: 2011-12-20 Last updated: 2018-08-24
In thesis
1. Predictors of Dementia: Insulin, Fatty Acids and Vascular Risk Factors
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Predictors of Dementia: Insulin, Fatty Acids and Vascular Risk Factors
2012 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Identification of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is crucial in order to diminish suffering from this devastating disease. The aim of this thesis was to investigate if different aspects of glucose metabolism, insulin, fatty-acid composition or other vascular risk factors predict the future development of AD and dementia.

This thesis is based on the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) cohort, which started in 1970. A total of 2322 men at age 50 were examined with focus on vascular risk factors. The cohort was re-examined at ages 60, 71, 77, 82 and 88. Incident diagnoses of AD, vascular dementia, other dementias and cognitive impairment were assessed in 2005–2010.

The risk of AD was increased in subjects with lower early insulin response measured with both an intravenous glucose tolerance test at 50 years and an oral glucose tolerance test at 71 years of age. The presence of vascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia and smoking increased the risk of future vascular dementia but not of AD. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids at midlife were inversely associated with risk of AD. No evidence of a protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids against dementia was found.

The susceptibility allele, APOE ε4, was the strongest individual risk factor. APOE ε4 carriers with vascular risk factors had the greatest risk of developing dementia. Low insulin response was a risk factor for AD mainly in APOE ε4 non-carriers.

Disturbances in insulin and glucose metabolism, vascular risk factors and fatty acids are linked differentially to the pathogenesis of AD and vascular dementia. These observations should be considered when future clinical approaches are planned to prevent and postpone the onset of dementia.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2012. p. 69
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 734
Keywords
dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, insulin secretion, diabetes, fatty acids, epidemiology, vascular risk factors
National Category
Clinical Medicine
Research subject
Geriatrics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-164528 (URN)978-91-554-8248-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2012-02-15, Enghoffssalen, Akademiska sjukhuset ing 50 bv, Uppsala, 13:00 (English)
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Projects
ULSAM
Available from: 2012-01-23 Created: 2011-12-20 Last updated: 2012-01-24

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Rönnemaa, ElinaZethelius, BjörnVessby, BengtLannfelt, LarsByberg, LiisaKilander, Lena

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