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Genetic and physical interaction of the B-cell systemic lupus erythematosus-associated genes BANK1 and BLK
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, Genomik.
Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi.
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2012 (engelsk)Inngår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 71, nr 1, s. 136-142Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Objectives

Altered signalling in B cells is a predominant feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The genes BANK1 and BLK were recently described as associated with SLE. BANK1 codes for a B-cell-specific cytoplasmic protein involved in B-cell receptor signalling and BLK codes for an Src tyrosine kinase with important roles in B-cell development. To characterise the role of BANK1 and BLK in SLE, a genetic interaction analysis was performed hypothesising that genetic interactions could reveal functional pathways relevant to disease pathogenesis.

Methods

The GPAT16 method was used to analyse the gene-gene interactions of BANK1 and BLK. Confocal microscopy was used to investigate co-localisation, and immunoprecipitation was used to verify the physical interaction of BANK1 and BLK.

Results

Epistatic interactions between BANK1 and BLK polymorphisms associated with SLE were observed in a discovery set of 279 patients and 515 controls from northern Europe. A meta-analysis with 4399 European individuals confirmed the genetic interactions between BANK1 and BLK. As BANK1 was identified as a binding partner of the Src tyrosine kinase LYN, the possibility that BANK1 and BLK could also show a protein-protein interaction was tested. The co-immunoprecipitation and co-localisation of BLK and BANK1 were demonstrated. In a Daudi cell line and primary naive B cells endogenous binding was enhanced upon B-cell receptor stimulation using anti-IgM antibodies.

Conclusions

This study shows a genetic interaction between BANK1 and BLK, and demonstrates that these molecules interact physically. The results have important consequences for the understanding of SLE and other autoimmune diseases and identify a potential new signalling pathway.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2012. Vol. 71, nr 1, s. 136-142
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-167163DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200085ISI: 000298180100024OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-167163DiVA, id: diva2:487289
Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-01-31 Laget: 2012-01-23 Sist oppdatert: 2017-12-08bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Pursuit of Functional Variants
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Pursuit of Functional Variants
2013 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects women during the childbearing years. SLE is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and their interacting proteins. The exact molecular mechanisms leading to the breakdown of self-tolerance remain to a large extent unknown, but it is well established that they are influenced by both non-genetic (i.e. environmental and hormonal) and genetic factors. SLE is a complex, polygenic disease. Several susceptibility variants have been identified in SLE. However, the functional role in disease pathogenesis for the majority of them remains largely unknown.

This thesis includes case-control association studies where the role of the genes TNFSF4 (Paper I), STAT4 (Paper II), CD226 (Paper III), and BLK (Papers IV and V) in the susceptibility of developing SLE was investigated. The primary focus was on the identification of the functional variants underlying the association. For each of these genes, fine mapping was performed using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the linkage disequilibrium (LD) was characterized, and the association was narrowed down to specific haplotypes by means of several different statistical genetic strategies. Candidate variants were prioritized for further functional analysis on the basis of their potential effect on the gene function, their association, and/or biological plausibility. In Paper I, the association of TNFSF4 with SLE was validated and attributed to a risk haplotype tagged by SNPs rs1234317-T and rs12039904-T. Paper II provides evidence supporting the presence of at least two independent genetic effects within the STAT4 gene represented by rs3821236-A and rs7574865-A, which correlated with increased levels of gene expression. In Paper III, a functional allele in CD226 (rs727088-C) was identified, which was responsible for decreased levels in both mRNA and protein expression. In Paper IV, two independent genetic effects in the BLK gene were demonstrated. The first one comprised multiple regulatory variants in high LD that were enriched for NFκB and IRF4 binding sites and correlated with low BLK mRNA levels. The second was a low-frequency missense substitution (Ala71Thr) that decreased the BLK protein half-life. In Paper V, a genetic epistatic interaction between BANK1 rs10516487 (GG) and BLK rs2736340 (TT+TC) was demonstrated. Additional molecular analyses established that these molecules interact physically.  

These studies have contributed to the dissection of the genetic architecture of SLE. They highlight the allelic heterogeneity of the disease and provide functional links to the associated variants, which has significantly aided in the understanding of SLE disease pathogenesis.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2013. s. 88
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 876
Emneord
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLE, Genetic Mapping, Association Studies, Functional Variants, TNFSF4, STAT4, IRF5, CD226, BLK, BANK1, Systemisk Lupus Erythematosus, SLE, Genetik, Genetisk Association, Funktionella Varianter, TNFSF4, STAT4, IRF5, CD226, BLK, BANK1, Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico, LES, Estudios de Asociación Genética, Variantes Funcionales, TNFSF4, STAT4, IRF5, CD226, BLK, BANK1
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Medicinsk genetik; Medicinsk vetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196428 (URN)978-91-554-8620-4 (ISBN)
Disputas
2013-04-26, Rudbecksalen, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, 09:15 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2013-04-05 Laget: 2013-03-08 Sist oppdatert: 2018-01-11bibliografisk kontrollert

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