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Two-Dimensional Thermal Velocity Sensor for Submersible navigation and Minute Flow Measurements
Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Tekniska sektionen, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, Mikrosystemteknik. (ÅSTC)
Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Tekniska sektionen, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, Mikrosystemteknik. (ÅSTC)
Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Tekniska sektionen, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, Mikrosystemteknik. (ÅSTC)
Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Tekniska sektionen, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, Mikrosystemteknik. (ÅSTC)
2013 (engelsk)Inngår i: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 13, nr 1, s. 359-370Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

A 2-D thermal velocity microsensor for use as a navigational aid and for flow measurements on a miniaturized submersible is developed in this paper. The sensor with nickel heater and temperature sensors on a Pyrex substrate, designed for mounting on the outside of the submersible hull, is fabricated and tested in an application-like environment and proven to be able to measure water speed from zero to 40 mm/s with a power consumption less than 15 mW and determine the flow direction with an error less than ±8°. Finite Element Analysis is used to investigate design and operation parameters and possible biofouling effects on the sensor signal. The effect on shape and orientation of the sensor's mounting surface is also studied.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2013. Vol. 13, nr 1, s. 359-370
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Teknisk fysik med inriktning mot mikrosystemteknik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-171767DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2216866ISI: 000313685400028OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-171767DiVA, id: diva2:512334
Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-03-27 Laget: 2012-03-27 Sist oppdatert: 2017-12-07bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Microsystems Technology for Underwater Vehicle Applications
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Microsystems Technology for Underwater Vehicle Applications
2012 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

The aim of this thesis work has been to investigate how miniaturization, such as microsystems technology, can potentially increase the scientific throughput in exploration of hard-to-reach underwater environments, such as the subglacial lakes of Antarctica, or other challenging environments, including cave systems and wrecks. A number of instruments and subsystems applicable to miniature submersibles have been developed and studied, and their potential to provide a high functionality density for size-restricted exploration platforms has been assessed.

To provide an onboard camera system with measurement capabilities, simulation and design tools for diffractive optics were developed, and microoptics realized to project reference patterns onto objects to reveal their topography. The influence of murky water on the measurement accuracy was also studied.

For longer-range mapping of the surroundings, and under conditions with even less visibility, the performance of a very small, high-frequency side-scanning sonar was investigated using extensive modeling and physical testing. In particular, the interference on the acoustic beam from tight mounting in a hull was investigated. A range in excess of 30 m and centimeter resolution were obtained.

Besides these systems, which can be used to navigate and map environments, a two-dimensional, thermal sensor for minute flows was developed. Measuring speed and direction of water flows, this sensor can aid in the general classification of the environment and also monitor the submersible’s movement. As the flow of waters in subglacial lakes is estimated to be minute, the detection limit and sensitivity were investigated.

Measurements of water properties are facilitated by the chip-based conductivity, temperature, and depth sensor system developed. Macroscopically, this is an essential oceanographic instrument with which salinity is determined. Contrary to what was expected, MHz frequencies proved to be advantageous for conductivity measurements.

Finally, sampling of water using an acoustically enriching microdevice, and even enabling return of pristine samples via the use of integrated latchable, high-pressure valves, was realized and evaluated. Particularly, investigations of the device’s ability to capture and hold on to microorganisms, were conducted.

Further developed and studied, these devices – as subsystems to miniature submersibles, or as stand-alone instruments – should enable exploration of previously unreachable submerged environments.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2012. s. 88
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, ISSN 1651-6214 ; 914
Emneord
Aquatic, Submersible, Underwater, Micro, Miniaturized, Sonar, Sidescan, Topography, Laser, Diffractive, Optics, Sampler, Particle, Microorganism, Acoustic, Enriching, Conductivity, Temperature, Depth, CTD, Flow
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Teknisk fysik med inriktning mot mikrosystemteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-171742 (URN)978-91-554-8323-4 (ISBN)
Disputas
2012-05-11, Polhelmsalen, Ångströmlaboratoriet, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Polacksbacken, Uppsala, 10:15 (svensk)
Opponent
Veileder
Prosjekter
Deeper Access, Deeper Understanding (DADU)
Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-04-20 Laget: 2012-03-27 Sist oppdatert: 2013-02-20
2. Development of Microcomponents for Attitude and Communication Systems on Small Vehicles in Space and Extreme Environments
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Development of Microcomponents for Attitude and Communication Systems on Small Vehicles in Space and Extreme Environments
2013 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

In this thesis, components intended for vehicles in space and other extreme environments have been realized using microsystems technology to facilitate miniaturized, yet high-performing systems beneficial for small spacecraft and other vehicles with limited size and power.

Cold gas thrusters commonly used on spacecraft basically accelerate a gaseous propellant stored under high pressure. When miniaturized, their performance is reduced because of viscous forces. Here, with a special masking and etching scheme, making silicon micronozzles close to rotationally symmetric, this shortcoming was mitigated as indicated by schlieren imaging of the rocket exhaust and a comparison with conventionally manufactured micronozzles with rectangular cross-sections. Schlieren imaging was also used to detect leakage, quantify thrust vector deviation, and measure shock cell periods in the exhaust. Correlation was made to operational conditions.

Similarly operating zirconia thrusters with integrated heaters and flow sensors were developed to allow for higher operating temperature. Successful testing at 1000°C, suggests that the propellant efficiency could be increased by 7.5%, and also makes them candidates for chemical propulsion.

A silicon thruster operating in rarefied gas regimes was also developed. Being suspended in a silicon dioxide frame reducing heat losses, a total efficiency of 17% was reached.

Relating to the integrated micropropulsion systems, two types of flow sensors were developed. Through finite element modeling, the insertion of sensor fingers in the fluid was shown to be an interesting concept for high-pressure applications.

Utilizing the same principle, a velocity sensor for a miniaturized submersible was developed. With a power consumption below 15 mW, it was able to measure directions with an accuracy of ±8º, and speed with an error less than 22%.

To enable high-speed optical communication between spacecraft, a Free Space Optics communication system, and particularly its dual-axis beam-steering actuator, was developed. Through thermal actuation, optical angles larger than 40º were obtained. A lumped thermal model was used to study design changes, vacuum operation and feedback control.

Understanding and mastering heat transfer in microsystems have been vital in many of the studies conducted. Throughout, advanced micromachining and modeling have been used as a step towards high-performance systems for space and other extreme environments.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2013. s. 43
Serie
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, ISSN 1651-6214 ; 1003
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Förvaltningsrätt
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-186862 (URN)978-91-554-8555-9 (ISBN)
Disputas
2013-01-11, Polhelmsalen, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala, 10:00 (engelsk)
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2012-12-21 Laget: 2012-11-29 Sist oppdatert: 2013-02-11bibliografisk kontrollert

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