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Obesity Is Associated With Inferior Results After Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Study of 2633 Patients from the Swedish Spine Register
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
2013 (English)In: Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, E-ISSN 1528-1159, Vol. 38, no 5, p. 435-441Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Study Design

A cohort study based on the Swedish Spine Register.

Objective

To determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and outcome of lumbar spine surgery for spinal stenosis.

Summary of Background Data

Several small studies have sought to evaluate the importance of obesity in relation to results after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) but the findings are inconsistent and relatively weak.

Methods

All patients who underwent surgery for LSS from January 1, 2006 to June 30, 2008 with a completed 2-year follow-up in the Swedish Spine Register were included. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between BMI and different outcomes.

Results

Of 2633 patients enrolled, 819 (31%) were normal weight, 1208 (46%) overweight and 606 (23%) obese. On average, all three BMI groups achieved significant improvements after surgery. A higher BMI, however, was associated with greater odds of dissatisfaction after surgery and inferior results at the 2-year follow-up. After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, the obese group demonstrated inferior function and quality of life (QoL) as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the EuroQol group (EQ-5D), respectively. At the 2-year follow-up, obese patients had a mean ODI of 33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 31-34) and mean EQ-5D of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.54-0.59) compared with a mean ODI of 25 (95% CI 24-26) and mean EQ-5D of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.62-0.66) in the normal weight group. When compared with the normal weight patients, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for dissatisfaction was 1.73 in the obese group (95% CI 1.36-2.19). Differences between the normal weight and overweight group were modest and therefore could not be considered clinically relevant.

Conclusion

Obese patients achieved significant pain reduction, better walking ability and improved QoL after surgical treatment for LSS. Nevertheless, obesity was associated with a higher degree of dissatisfaction and poorer outcomes after surgery for LSS.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. Vol. 38, no 5, p. 435-441
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-188778DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318270b243ISI: 000315596800020PubMedID: 22941097OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-188778DiVA, id: diva2:579127
Available from: 2012-12-19 Created: 2012-12-19 Last updated: 2017-12-06Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Lumbar spinal stenosis: Body mass index and the patient's perspective
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Lumbar spinal stenosis: Body mass index and the patient's perspective
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

During recent decades, lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) has become the most common indication for spine surgery, a change that coincides with a higher worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity. Thus, surgical treatment of LSS in the overweight and obese population is common and increasing in scope.

The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate whether body mass index (BMI) is related to the development of LSS, and whether BMI is linked to outcome after surgery for LSS. We further evaluated whether there are specific experiences of LSS from a patient perspective.

Data were obtained for all patients registered in the Swedish Spine Register who had undergone surgery for LSS between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2008. After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, patients with obesity showed both poorer results after surgery and a higher rate of dissatisfaction than patients with normal weight (odds ratio 1.73; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.36-2.19).

Furthermore, patients with obesity in the cohort reported modest weight loss at follow-up (2.0 kg; 95% CI, 1.5-2.4), and only 8% reported a clinical important weight loss 2 years after surgery.

Our analysis of 389,132 construction workers, showed that overweight (incidence rate ratio, IRR 1.68; 95% CI, 1.54-1.83) and obesity (IRR 2.18; 95% CI, 1.87-2.53) were associated with an increased future risk in developing LSS when compared with patients with normal weight.

To gain insight into the patients' perspective of LSS, we performed interviews with 18 patients who were on a waiting list for LSS surgery. The transcripts, analyzed with content analysis, revealed that living with LSS is a physical, mental and social challenge in which resources to cope with the condition are of major importance.

In summary, obesity is associated with poorer results after surgery, and patients with obesity report modest weight loss during follow-up. In addition, obesity is associated with an increased risk to develop LSS. Our findings revealed that being a patient with LSS, naturally involves considerable suffering and pain, but it also implies being a person with his or her own resources who is able to cope with these adverse conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2015. p. 70
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 1148
Keywords
Antonovsky, back pain, BMI, body mass index, Bygghalsan, cohort study, coping, EQ-5D, excess weight, leg pain, LSS, lumbar spinal stenosis, obesity, ODI Oswestry disability index, overweight, patient-centered, patient-physician relationship, patient-perspective, patient-related-outcome-measure, PROMs, qualitative study, spinal stenosis, salutogenesis, salutogenic, sciatica, spine surgery, suffering, Swedish spine register, Swespine, VAS, weight loss, weight change
National Category
Orthopaedics
Research subject
Orthopaedics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264589 (URN)978-91-554-9376-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2015-12-04, Rosénsalen, Akademiska barnsjukhuset, ingång 95-96, 751 85, Uppsala, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2015-11-06 Created: 2015-10-15 Last updated: 2018-01-11

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Knutsson, BjörnMichaëlsson, KarlSandén, Bengt

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