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Long-term coffee consumption in relation to fracture risk and bone mineral density in women
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4421-6466
Livsmedelsverket.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
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2013 (English)In: American Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0002-9262, E-ISSN 1476-6256, Vol. 178, no 6, p. 898-909Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

High consumption of coffee has been suggested to reduce the risk of some late-onset diseases and death but also to contribute to the development of osteoporotic fractures. Results of previous fracture studies have been inconsistent, and a comprehensive study is needed. The longitudinal population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, including 61,433 women born in 1914-1948, was followed up from 1987 through 2008. Coffeeconsumption was assessed with repeated food frequency questionnaires. During follow-up, 14,738 women experienced fracture of any type, and 3,871 had a hip fracture. In a subcohort (n = 5,022), bone density was measured and osteoporosis determined (n = 1,012). After multivariable adjustment, there was no evidence of a higher rate of any fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.00) or hip fracture (hazard ratio per 200 mL coffee = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.00) with increasing coffeeconsumption. A high coffee intake (>= 4 cups daily) versus a low intake (<1 cup daily) was associated with a 2%-4% lower bone density, depending on site (P < 0.001), but the odds ratio for osteoporosis was only 1.28 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.87). Thus, high coffeeconsumption was associated with a small reduction in bone density that did not translate into an increased risk of fracture.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. Vol. 178, no 6, p. 898-909
Keywords [en]
Bone mineral density, coffee, cohort study, fracture, osteoporosis
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Research subject
Epidemiology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196322DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt062ISI: 000325150600012OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-196322DiVA, id: diva2:609864
Funder
Swedish Research CouncilSIMPLERAvailable from: 2013-03-07 Created: 2013-03-07 Last updated: 2020-09-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Coffee Consumption in Relation to Osteoporosis and Fractures: Observational Studies in Men and Women
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Coffee Consumption in Relation to Osteoporosis and Fractures: Observational Studies in Men and Women
2013 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

During the past decades, the incidence of osteoporotic fractures has increased dramatically in the Western world. Consumption of coffee and intake of caffeine have in some studies been found to be associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, but overall results from previous research are inconsistent. Despite weak evidence, some osteoporosis organisations recommend limiting daily coffee or caffeine intake.

The primary aim of this thesis was to study the association between long-term consumption of coffee and bone mineral density (BMD), incidence of osteoporosis and fractures. A secondary aim was to study the relation between tea consumption and fracture risk.

An increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in individuals who consumed ≥ 4 cups of coffee vs < 1 cup coffee per day was demonstrated in a study of 31,257 Swedish middle-aged and elderly women (a part of the Swedish Mammography Cohort - SMC) when calcium intake was low (< 700 mg/day). However, no higher risks of osteoporosis or fractures were observed in the full SMC with increasing coffee consumption. In the full SMC (n = 61,433) the follow-up was longer and the number of fractures was higher. Similarly, no statistically significant associations between consumption of coffee (≥ 4 cups of coffee vs < 1 cup) and incidence of osteoporotic fractures were observed in the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM), including 45,339 men. Calcium intake did not modify the results from the investigations performed in the full SMC or COSM.

Nonetheless, a 2 - 4% lower BMD at measured sites was observed in men participating in the PIVUS cohort and in women from a sub-cohort of the SMC who consumed ≥ 4 cups of coffee vs < 1 cup daily. Individuals with high coffee intake and rapid metabolism of caffeine had lower BMD at the femoral neck.

No association between tea consumption and risk of fractures was found in the studies.

In conclusion, the findings presented in this thesis demonstrate that high consumption of coffee may be associated with a modest decrease in BMD. However, there was no evidence of a substantially increased incidence of osteoporosis or fractures typically associated with osteoporosis.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2013. p. 100
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 874
Keywords
Coffee, Tea, Caffeine, Bone mineral density, Osteoporosis, Fractures, Cohort studies
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196332 (URN)978-91-554-8615-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2013-04-26, Sal IX, Universitetshuset, Biskopsgatan 3, Uppsala, 09:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council
Available from: 2013-04-05 Created: 2013-03-07 Last updated: 2013-08-30Bibliographically approved

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Hallström, HelenaByberg, LiisaWarensjö Lemming, EvaMichaëlsson, Karl

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