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LMNB1-related autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy: Clinical and radiological course
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Neurology.
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2015 (English)In: Annals of Neurology, ISSN 0364-5134, E-ISSN 1531-8249, Vol. 78, no 3, p. 412-25Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

OBJECTIVE: Duplication of the LMNB1 gene encoding lamin B1 causes adult-onset autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) starting with autonomic symptoms, which are followed by pyramidal signs and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain reveals characteristic findings. This is the first longitudinal study on this disease. Our objective is to describe the natural clinical and radiological course of LMNB1-related ADLD.

METHODS: Twenty-three subjects in two families with LMNB1 duplications were studied over two decades with clinical assessment and MRI of the brain and spinal cord. They were 29 to 70 years old at their first MRI. Repeated MRIs were performed in 14 subjects over a time period of up to 17 years.

RESULTS: Pathological MRI findings were found in the brain and spinal cord in all examinations (i.e., even preceding clinical symptoms). MRI changes and clinical symptoms progressed in a definite order. Autonomic dysfunction appeared in the fifth to sixth decade, preceding or together with gait and coordination difficulties. Motor signs developed ascending from spastic paraplegia to tetraplegia and pseudobulbar palsy in the seventh decade. There were clinical, radiological, and neurophysiological signs of myelopathy. Survival lasted more than two decades after clinical onset.

INTERPRETATION: LMNB1-related ADLD is a slowly progressive neurological disease. MRI abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord can precede clinical symptoms by more than a decade and are extensive in all symptomatic patients. Spinal cord involvement is a likely contributing factor to early autonomic symptoms and spastic paraplegia. Ann Neurol 2015;78:412-425.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2015. Vol. 78, no 3, p. 412-25
National Category
Neurosciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261207DOI: 10.1002/ana.24452ISI: 000360218800008PubMedID: 26053668OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-261207DiVA, id: diva2:850041
Note

Atle Melberg och Raili Raininko delar sistaförfattarskapet.

Available from: 2015-08-31 Created: 2015-08-31 Last updated: 2018-01-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Radiological studies of LMNB1-related autosomal dominant leukodystrophy and Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Radiological studies of LMNB1-related autosomal dominant leukodystrophy and Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome
2016 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

There are approximately 6000 to 8000 rare diseases, each with a prevalence of less than 1 / 10 000, but in aggregate affecting 6 to 8% of the population. It is important to evaluate disease development and progression to know the natural course of any disease. This information can be utilized in diagnostics and in assessing effects of therapeutic interventions as they become available. This thesis describes the natural clinical history and evolution of imaging findings of two rare diseases over approximately two decades.

Papers I, II and III present clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) findings in LMNB1-related autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD). MRI was found to be very sensitive in finding pathology in patients with LMNB1-related ADLD, even before the onset of clinical symptoms. However, even patients with widespread MRI changes can have a relatively mild symptomatology and present only slight disturbances in metabolic examinations such as MRS and FDG-PET. This is compatible with relatively intact axons, even as myelin impairment is widespread.

Paper IV presents clinical and MRI findings in the brain and musculature in SIL1-positive Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), and describes a new, mild phenotype of the disease with no intellectual disabilities and only slight motor disabilities. With a 19-year-long radiological follow-up, a slow progressive atrophic process in the cerebellum and brainstem could be demonstrated. MRI of the musculature shows early involvement of the quadriceps and gastrocnemii but not the tibialis anterior, progressing to widespread atrophy in the back and upper and lower limbs at the age of 20 years. In the mildest phenotype, the most severely affected muscles were the m gluteus maximus, m sartorius, m peroneus longus, and the lateral head of the m gastrocnemius.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2016. p. 78
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 1261
Keywords
Leukoencephalopathies, hereditary central nervous system demyelinating diseases, autonomic dysfunction, adult-onset, neuromuscular disease, pediatric, neuro-ophtalmology, ataxia
National Category
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303171 (URN)978-91-554-9709-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2016-11-22, Grönwallsalen, Ingång 70, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala, 13:00 (Swedish)
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Supervisors
Available from: 2016-11-01 Created: 2016-09-15 Last updated: 2022-01-29

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Finnsson, JohannesSundblom, JimmyDahl, NiklasMelberg, AtleRaininko, Raili

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