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Pharmacokinetic Considerations of Nanodelivery to the Brain: Using Modeling and Simulations to Predict Outcome of Liposomal Formulations
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. (Translational PKPD)ORCID iD: 0009-0003-2587-8434
AstraZeneca R&D, Resp Inflammat & Autoimmun Innovat Med, Molndal, Sweden.
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. (Translational PKPD)
2016 (English)In: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN 0928-0987, E-ISSN 1879-0720, Vol. 92, p. 173-182Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The use of nanocarriers is an intriguing solution to increase the brain delivery of novel therapeutics. The aim of this paper was to use pharmacokinetic analysis and simulations to identify key factors that determine the effective drug concentration-time profile at the target site in the brain. Model building and simulations were based on experimental data obtained from the administration of the opioid peptide DAMGO in glutathione tagged PEGylated liposomes to rats. Different pharmacokinetic models were investigated to explore the mechanisms of increased brain delivery. Concentration time profiles for a set of formulations with varying compound and carrier characteristics were simulated. By controlling the release rate from the liposome, the time profile and the extent of brain delivery can be regulated. The modeling did not support a mechanism of the liposomes passing the brain endothelial cell membrane in an intact form through endocytosis or transcytosis. The most likely process was found to be fusion of the liposome with the endothelial luminal membrane. The simulations revealed that low permeable compounds, independent on efflux, will gain the most from a nanocarrier formulation. The present model based approach is useful to explore and predict possibilities and limitations of carrier-based systems to the brain.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2016. Vol. 92, p. 173-182
Keywords [en]
Liposomes, Nanocarriers, Brain delivery, Pharmacokinetics, Active transport, Blood-brain barrier, Permeability, Release rate, Modeling and simulations
National Category
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Research subject
Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267596DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.07.003ISI: 000381833900019PubMedID: 27393342OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-267596DiVA, id: diva2:873732
Available from: 2015-11-24 Created: 2015-11-24 Last updated: 2023-05-15Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Quantitative Aspects of Nanodelivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Exemplified with the Opioid Peptide DAMGO
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Quantitative Aspects of Nanodelivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Exemplified with the Opioid Peptide DAMGO
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The use of nanocarriers is an intriguing approach in the development of efficacious treatment for brain disorders. The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate and quantify the impact of a liposomal nanocarrier formulation on the brain drug delivery. A novel approach for investigating the blood-brain barrier transport of liposomal DAMGO is presented, including in vivo microdialysis in rat, a high quality LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method and pharmacokinetic model analysis of the data. Factors limiting the brain distribution of the free peptide DAMGO were also investigated. Microdialysis, in combination with plasma sampling, made it possible to separate the released drug from the encapsulated and to quantify the active substance in both blood and brain interstitial fluid over time.

The opioid peptide DAMGO entered the brain to a limited extent, with a clearance out of the brain 13 times higher than the clearance into the brain. The brain to blood ratio of unbound drug was not affected when the efflux transporter inhibitors cyclosporine A and elacridar were co-administered with DAMGO. Nor was the transport affected in the in vitro Caco-2 assay using the same inhibitors. This indicates that DAMGO is not transported by P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or breast cancer resistant protein (Bcrp). The blood-brain barrier transport was significantly increased for DAMGO when formulated in liposomes, resulting in 2-3 fold higher brain to blood ratio of unbound DAMGO. The increased brain delivery was seen both for glutathione tagged PEGylated liposomes, as well as for PEGyalted liposomes without specific brain targeting. The improvement in brain delivery was observed only when DAMGO was encapsulated into the liposomes, thus excluding any effect of the liposomes themselves on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Modeling of the data provided additional mechanistic understanding of the brain uptake, showing that endocytosis or transcytosis of intact liposomes across the endothelial cell membranes were unlikely. A model describing fusion of the liposomes with the luminal membrane described the experimental data the best.

In conclusion, the studies presented in this thesis all contribute to an increased understanding of how to evaluate and improve brain delivery of CNS active drugs and contribute with important insights to the nanocarrier field.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2015. p. 70
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy, ISSN 1651-6192 ; 208
Keywords
blood-brain barrier, liposomes, nanocarriers, brain delivery, pharmacokinetics, modeling and simulation, microdialysis, opioid peptide, DAMGO, LC-MS/MS
National Category
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Research subject
Pharmaceutical Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267599 (URN)978-91-554-9428-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2016-01-15, B42, Biomedicinskt centrum (BMC), Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2015-12-21 Created: 2015-11-24 Last updated: 2023-05-15

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