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Vitamin D status and current policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries
Univ Helsinki, Dept Food & Nutr, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland..ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1635-8229
Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Food Inst, Div Diet Dis Prevent & Toxicol, Lyngby, Denmark..ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5091-6995
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology and mineral metabolism.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4411-2322
Natl Food Agcy, Sci Div, Uppsala, Sweden..
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2021 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 49, no 6, p. 616-627Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aims: Nordic countries share fairly similar food culture and geographical location as well as common nutrition recommendations. The aim of this paper was to review the latest data on vitamin D status and intake and to describe the national supplementation and food fortification policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries. Methods: The data are based on results derived from a literature search presented in a workshop held in Helsinki in November 2018 and completed by recent studies. Results: Vitamin D policies and the implementation of the recommendations differ among the Nordic countries. Vitamin D fortification policies can be mandatory or voluntary and widespread, moderate or non-existent. Vitamin D supplementation recommendations differ, ranging from all age groups being advised to take supplements to only infants. In the general adult population of the Nordic countries, vitamin D status and intake are better than in the risk groups that are not consuming vitamin D supplements or foods containing vitamin D. Non-Western immigrant populations in all Nordic countries share the problem of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Conclusions: Despite the common nutrition recommendations, there are differences between the Nordic countries in the implementation of the recommendations and policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake and status. There is a need for wider Nordic collaboration studies as well as strategies to improve vitamin D status, especially in risk groups.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2021. Vol. 49, no 6, p. 616-627
Keywords [en]
Vitamin D, Nordic, policy, nutrition recommendations, implementation, vitamin D status, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D fortification, vitamin D intake, nutrition
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine Nutrition and Dietetics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-470779DOI: 10.1177/1403494819896878ISI: 000507000300001PubMedID: 31916497OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-470779DiVA, id: diva2:1648677
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Nordic Council of MinistersAvailable from: 2022-03-31 Created: 2022-03-31 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved

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Björk, Anne K.

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Itkonen, Suvi T.Andersen, RikkeBjörk, Anne K.Erkkola, MaijaliisaHolvik, KristinMeyer, Haakon E.Thorisdottir, BirnaLamberg-Allardt, Christel J. E.
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