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Words of Suicide: Identifying Suicidal Risk in Written Communications
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computer Systems. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6553-4319
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9641-6275
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computer Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3724-7504
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2021 (English)In: 2021 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) / [ed] Chen, Y Ludwig, H Tu, Y Fayyad, U Zhu, X Hu, X Byna, S Liu, X Zhang, J Pan, S Papalexakis, V Wang, J Cuzzocrea, A Ordonez, C, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2021, p. 2144-2150Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Suicide is a global health problem with more than 700,000 individuals dying by self-destruction each year, yet it is classified as a low base rate behavior that is difficult to prognosticate. Aiming to advance suicide prediction and prevention, we examined the potential use of machine learning and text analyses models to predict suicide risk based on written communications. Specifically, we used a dataset consisting of more than 27,000 general writings unrelated to suicide, 193 genuine suicide notes from individuals who committed suicide, and an additional 89 suicide posts shared on sub-Reddits for an in-the-wild test to examine the prediction accuracy of two machine learning models (SVM & RoBERTa) and a linguistic marker model. Our tests showed that the machine learning models performed better than the linguistic marker model when examined on the test data. However, the linguistic marker model achieved higher results in the wild, correctly classifying 88% of written communications as a "high risk of suicide" versus 56% and 70% of the machine learning models. The best in-the-wild performing model was adopted in an online suicide risk assessment tool called Edwin to honor Edwin Shneidman for his numerous contributions to the field of suicidology. Finally, discrepancies between training and real-world data, vocabulary variation across domains, and the limited number of benchmarks constitute limitations that need to be addressed in future research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2021. p. 2144-2150
Series
IEEE International Conference on Big Data, ISSN 2639-1589
Keywords [en]
Suicide, machine learning, linguistic marker, RoBERTa, SVM
National Category
Psychiatry Psychology Computer Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-480114DOI: 10.1109/BigData52589.2021.9671472ISI: 000800559502033ISBN: 978-1-6654-3902-2 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-480114DiVA, id: diva2:1681629
Conference
9th IEEE International Conference on Big Data (IEEE BigData), DEC 15-18, 2021, ELECTR NETWORK
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2018-05973Available from: 2022-07-07 Created: 2022-07-07 Last updated: 2024-01-15Bibliographically approved

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Shrestha, AmendraAkrami, NazarKaati, Lisa

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