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Extremism is actively present in our societies. It is encountered constantly in different ways, but extremism is often lacking the definition and what is meant when we discuss about extremism. This thesis first explains about extremism and how it is defined by different actors. Then the extremism is connected with the related concepts of violent extremism, radicalisation and terrorism. They have a connection with the extremism and can be also understood as part of extremism, or extremism can be seen as part of these concepts. This thesis will then observe how Russian authoritites have defined extremism. The Jehovah’s Witnesses is used as a case study to observe how and why they were labelled as an extremist organisation in Russia. Thesis will also review the case of Jehovah’s Witnesses from the perspective of oppression. This thesis will also review further, what other dimensions the extremism has in Russia, and what kind of actions by Russia is justified with extremism.