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This thesis is dedicated to cultural heritage management in Southern Kurdistan. After the official formation of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), the government of this region has tried to rebuild and strengthen the cultural, social, and other infrastructures. One of this thesis’ aims is to analyze the formation of cultural heritage and antiquities management in Kurdistan and its role. At the same time, two distinguished sites are studied belonging to Southern and Eastern Kurdistan (Iranian Kurdistan) of the Iron Age III, the rock-cut- tombs of Cyaxares and Xšaθrita suggested being of the Median period. The research history of the sites is described, and the author argues for their identification as belonging to the Median period. A comparison based on architecture and elements is used to interpret the sites. The second part of the thesis discusses Median history and its links with understanding Kurdish history. In particular, I review the debate around the Median identity and history. Finally, I present suggestions for managing and displaying the discussed sites and the cultural heritage management of Kurdistan more broadly.