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Immunological Studies using Human and Canine Model Disorders
Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)Alternative title
Immunologiska studier av modellsjukdomar i människa och hund (Swedish)
Abstract [en]

The studies presented in this thesis focus on human and canine models for autoimmune disease, with the main aim to gain new knowledge about disease mechanisms and to further evaluate the dog as a model for autoimmune disease.

Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a hereditary human multiorgan disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Hallmarks of APS-1 are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis caused by Candida albicans, together with the autoimmune endocrine disorders hypoparathyroidism and adrenocortical failure. Many human diseases have an equivalent disease in dogs. Because humans share environment, and in part life style with the dogs they provide an interesting model for further genetic studies.

Immune responses to Candida albicans in APS-1 patients displayed an increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A and similar results were also found in AIRE deficient mice. Anticytokine autoantibodies to IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22 were detected in APS-1 patients, and a radioligand binding assay for measuring these autoantibodies was developed and evaluated.

In the canine studies we investigated whether canine diabetes mellitus could serve as a model for human autoimmune diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we investigated type I IFN responses in Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever dogs with a systemic autoimmune disease resembling human SLE.

Four assays were used in search for signs of humoral autoimmunity in diabetic dogs. However, no evidence for a type 1 diabetes-like phenotype in dogs was found. Sera from Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers suffering from steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis elicited an increased expression of IFN-inducible genes in the canine MDCK cell line. This suggests that these dogs have an IFN signature, as seen in human SLE.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis , 2011. , p. 49
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 721
Keywords [en]
Autoimmunity, T cell, T helper cell, B cell, Autoantibodies, Interferon, Interleukin, Dogs, APS-1, Candida albicans, fungus
National Category
Basic Medicine
Research subject
Immunology; Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160550ISBN: 978-91-554-8211-4 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:uu-160550DiVA, id: diva2:451322
Public defence
2011-12-08, Enghoffsalen, Akademiska sjukhuset. Ingång 50, bv, Uppsala, 09:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2011-11-16 Created: 2011-10-25 Last updated: 2018-01-12Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Increased IL-17A secretion in response to Candida albicans in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and its animal model
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Increased IL-17A secretion in response to Candida albicans in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and its animal model
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2011 (English)In: European Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0014-2980, E-ISSN 1521-4141, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 235-245Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal failure are hallmarks of the disease. The critical mechanisms causing chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APS-1 patients have not been identified although autoantibodies to cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis. To investigate whether the Th reactivity to Candida albicans (C. albicans) and other stimuli was altered, we isolated PBMC from APS-1 patients and matched healthy controls. The Th17 pathway was upregulated in response to C. albicans in APS-1 patients, whereas the IL-22 secretion was reduced. Autoantibodies against IL-22, IL-17A and IL-17F were detected in sera from APS-1 patients by immunoprecipitation. In addition, Aire-deficient (Aire(0/0) ) mice were much more susceptible than Aire(+/+) mice to mucosal candidiasis and C. albicans-induced Th17- and Th1-cell responses were increased in Aire(0/0) mice. Thus an excessive IL-17A reactivity towards C. albicans was observed in APS-1 patients and Aire(0/0) mice.

Keywords
Autoimmunity, Cytokines, Fungal, T cells
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-140180 (URN)10.1002/eji.200939883 (DOI)000285933000024 ()21182094 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2011-01-04 Created: 2011-01-04 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
2. Measuring autoantibodies against IL17F and IL-22 in  autoimmune polyendocrine syndromme type I by radioligand binding assay using fusion proteins
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Measuring autoantibodies against IL17F and IL-22 in  autoimmune polyendocrine syndromme type I by radioligand binding assay using fusion proteins
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2011 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 74, no 3, p. 327-333Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Autoantibodies against interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F and IL-22 have recently been described in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I), and their presence is reported to be highly correlated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). The aim of this study was to develop a robust high-throughput radioligand binding assays (RLBA) measuring IL-17F and IL-22 antibodies, to compare them with current enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of IL-17F and IL-22 and, moreover, to correlate the presence of these antibodies with the presence of CMC. Interleukins are small molecules, which makes them difficult to express in vitro. To overcome this problem, they were fused as dimers, which proved to increase the efficiency of expression. A total of five RLBAs were developed based on IL-17F and IL-22 monomers and homo- or heterodimers. Analysing the presence of these autoantibodies in 25 Norwegian APS I patients revealed that the different RLBAs detected anti-IL-17F and anti-IL-22 with high specificity, using both homo- and heterodimers. The RLBAs based on dimer proteins are highly reproducible with low inter- and intravariation and have the advantages of high throughput and easy standardization compared to ELISA, thus proving excellent choices for the screening of IL-17F and IL-22 autoantibodies.

National Category
Immunology in the medical area
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-153870 (URN)10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02573.x (DOI)000293635900014 ()21535082 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2011-05-20 Created: 2011-05-20 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
3. Diabetes mellitus in dog -: No evidence for a type-1-like phenotype
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Diabetes mellitus in dog -: No evidence for a type-1-like phenotype
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Aims/hypothesis

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in dogs, and is commonly proposed to be of autoimmune origin. Although the clinical symptoms of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and canine DM are similar, the aetiologies may differ. The aim of this study was to investigate if autoimmune aetiology resembling human T1D is as prevalent in dogs as previously reported.

Methods

 Sera from 121 diabetic dogs representing 38 different breeds were tested for islet cell antibodies (ICA) and GAD65 autoantibodies (GADA) and compared with sera from 133 healthy dogs from 40 breeds. ICA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using both canine and human frozen sections. GADA was detected by in vitro transcription and translation (ITT) of human and canine GAD65, followed by immunoprecipitation.

Results

None of the canine sera analyzed tested positive for ICA on sections of frozen canine or human ICA pancreas. However, serum from one diabetic dog was weakly positive in the canine GADA assay and serum from one healthy dog was weakly positive in the human GADA assay.

Conclusions/interpretations

Based on sera from 121 diabetic dogs from 38 different breeds were tested for humoral autoreactivity using four different assays, contrary to previous observations, we find no support for an autoimmune aetiology  in canine diabetes.

Keywords
Autoimmunity, autoantibodies, canine, diabetes mellitus, GAD65, ICA
National Category
Immunology
Research subject
Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160539 (URN)
Available from: 2011-10-25 Created: 2011-10-25 Last updated: 2011-11-23
4. Type I Interferon signature in Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever dogs with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Type I Interferon signature in Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever dogs with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Objective: Dogs of the breed Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever (NSDTR) are prone to develop a disease complex in some aspects resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human SLE patients have an increased mRNA expression type I interferon (IFN) regulated genes. However, it is unknown whether diseased dogs also display the typical type I IFN signature.

Methods: To test canine sera for their capacity to induce type I IFN response Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were cultured with sera from healthy dogs (n=25),  immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) dogs with anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA+) (n=30) or dogs with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) (n=25). mRNA expression of the genes MX1, IFIT1 and CXCL10 was measured by quantitative Real Time PCR.

Results: A highly significant (p=0.0009) increase in mRNA expression of the type I IFN responsive gene MX1 was detected in cells stimulated by sera from dogs with SRMA, but not from IMRD ANA+ dogs. Expression of IFIT1 was twice as high in cells stimulated by sera from dogs with SRMA compared to both healthy dogs and ANA+ dogs. The mean expression of CXCL10 was nearly ten times higher in cells stimulated by sera from SRMA dogs than by ANA+ dogs and four times higher compared to cells stimulated by control dogs.

Conclusion: Presence of type I IFN in sera from diseased NSDTR dogs was found in this study. This implies that this canine model can be used for identification of pathways of importance for autoimmune disorders in humans and for testing of novel therapeutic approaches. Our results can also be a step on the way towards personalized drugs in these dogs.

Keywords
Autoimmunity, Interferon signaling, Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever, Steroid Responsive Meningitis Arteritis, SLE
National Category
Veterinary Science
Research subject
Medical Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160540 (URN)
Available from: 2011-10-25 Created: 2011-10-25 Last updated: 2012-02-16

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