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  • 1. Abernethy, R.
    et al.
    Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology.
    Ziese, Markus G.
    State of the Climate in 20172018In: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS), ISSN 0003-0007, E-ISSN 1520-0477, Vol. 99, no 8, p. Si-S310Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Ades, M.
    et al.
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England..
    Adler, R.
    Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Allan, Rob
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England..
    Allan, R. P.
    Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England..
    Anderson, J.
    Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA..
    Arguez, Anthony
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA..
    Arosio, C.
    Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany..
    Augustine, J. A.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA..
    Azorin-Molina, C.
    Ctr Invest Desertificac Spanish Natl Res Council, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.;Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Reg Climate Grp, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Barichivich, J.
    Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Inst Geog, Valparaiso, Chile..
    Barnes, J.
    NOAA OAR ESRL Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO USA..
    Beck, H. E.
    Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA..
    Becker, Andreas
    Deutsch Wetterdienst, Global Precipitat Climatol Ctr, Offenbach, Germany..
    Bellouin, Nicolas
    Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England..
    Benedetti, Angela
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England..
    Berry, David I.
    Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England..
    Blenkinsop, Stephen
    Newcastle Univ, Sch Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
    Bock, Olivier
    Univ Paris, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, IGN, Paris, France.;IGN, ENSG Geomat, Marne La Vallee, France..
    Bosilovich, Michael G.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Boucher, Olivier
    Sorbonne Univ, Paris, France..
    Buehler, S. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany..
    Carrea, Laura
    Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England..
    Christiansen, Hanne H.
    Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Geol, Longyearbyen, Norway..
    Chouza, F.
    CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA..
    Christy, John R.
    Univ Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL USA..
    Chung, E. -S
    Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie
    German Aerosp Ctr DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany..
    Compo, Gil P.
    Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.;NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA..
    Cooper, Owen R.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA.;Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Covey, Curt
    Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA..
    Crotwell, A.
    Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Davis, Sean M.
    Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.;NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA..
    de Eyto, Elvira
    Inst Marine, Furnace, Newport, Ireland..
    de Jeu, Richard A. M.
    VanderSat, B. V.
    DeGasperi, Curtis L.
    King Cty Water & Land Resources Div, Seattle, WA USA..
    Degenstein, Doug
    Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada..
    Di Girolamo, Larry
    Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL USA..
    Dokulil, Martin T.
    Univ Innsbruck, Res Dept Limnol, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Donat, Markus G.
    Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain..
    Dorigo, Wouter A.
    TU Wien Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria..
    Dunn, R. J. H.
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England..
    Durre, Imke
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA..
    Dutton, Geoff S.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA.;Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Duveiller, G.
    European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy..
    Elkins, James W.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA..
    Fioletov, Vitali E.
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Flemming, Johannes
    European Ctr Medum Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England..
    Foster, Michael J.
    Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA..
    Frey, Richard A.
    Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA..
    Frith, Stacey M.
    Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.;NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Froidevaux, Lucien
    CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA..
    Garforth, J.
    Woodland Trust, Grantham, England..
    Gobron, N.
    European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy..
    Gupta, S. K.
    Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA..
    Haimberger, Leopold
    Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria..
    Hall, Brad D.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA..
    Harris, Ian
    Univ East Anglia, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England.;Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich, Norfolk, England..
    Heidinger, Andrew K.
    Univ Wisconsin Madison, NOAA NESDIS STAR, Madison, WI USA..
    Hemming, D. L.
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.;Univ Birmingham, Birmingham Inst Forest Res, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Ho, Shu-peng (Ben)
    NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA..
    Hubert, Daan
    Royal Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA, Brussels, Belgium..
    Hurst, Dale F.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA.;Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Huser, I.
    Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany..
    Inness, Antje
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England..
    Isaksen, K.
    Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway..
    John, Viju
    EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany..
    Jones, Philip D.
    Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich, Norfolk, England..
    Kaiser, J. W.
    Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany..
    Kelly, S.
    Dundalk Inst Technol, Dundalk, Ireland..
    Khaykin, S.
    Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, LATMOS IPSL, UVSQ, Guyancourt, France..
    Kidd, R.
    Earth Observat Data Ctr GmbH, Vienna, Austria..
    Kim, Hyungiun
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo, Japan..
    Kipling, Z.
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England..
    Kraemer, B. M.
    IGB Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheri, Berlin, Germany..
    Kratz, D. P.
    NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA..
    La Fuente, R. S.
    Dundalk Inst Technol, Dundalk, Ireland..
    Lan, Xin
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA.;Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Lantz, Kathleen O.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA..
    Leblanc, T.
    CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA USA..
    Li, Bailing
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.;Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Loeb, Norman G.
    NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA..
    Long, Craig S.
    NOAA NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA..
    Loyola, Diego
    German Aerosp Ctr DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany..
    Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Dept Hydrol & Water Management, Torun, Poland..
    Martens, B.
    Univ Ghent, Hydro Climate Extremes Lab, Ghent, Belgium..
    May, Linda
    Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland..
    Mayer, Michael
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England.;Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria..
    McCabe, M. F.
    King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia..
    McVicar, Tim R.
    CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Climate Ext, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Mears, Carl A.
    Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA..
    Menzel, W. Paul
    Univ Wisconsin Madison, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA..
    Merchant, Christopher J.
    Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.;Univ Reading, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Reading, Berks, England..
    Miller, Ben R.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA.;Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Miralles, Diego G.
    Montzka, Stephen A.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA..
    Morice, Colin
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England..
    Muhle, Jens
    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Myneni, R.
    Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Nicolas, Julien P.
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England..
    Noetzli, Jeannette
    WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Davos, Switzerland..
    Osborn, Tim J.
    Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich, Norfolk, England..
    Park, T.
    NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.;Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA USA..
    Pasik, A.
    TU Wien Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria..
    Paterson, Andrew M.
    Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON, Canada..
    Pelto, Mauri S.
    Nichols Coll, Dudley, MA USA..
    Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S.
    Univ New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Petron, G.
    Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Phillips, C.
    Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA..
    Pinty, Bernard
    European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy..
    Po-Chedley, S.
    Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA..
    Polvani, L.
    Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA..
    Preimesberger, W.
    TU Wien Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria..
    Pulkkanen, M.
    Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Freshwater Ctr, Helsinki, Finland..
    Randel, W. J.
    Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA..
    Remy, Samuel
    UPMC, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS, Paris, France..
    Ricciardulli, L.
    Richardson, A. D.
    No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.;No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA..
    Rieger, L.
    Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada..
    Robinson, David A.
    Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ USA..
    Rodell, Matthew
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Rosenlof, Karen H.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA..
    Roth, Chris
    Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada..
    Rozanov, A.
    Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany..
    Rusak, James A.
    Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON, Canada..
    Rusanovskaya, O.
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk, Russia..
    Rutishauser, T.
    Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland.;Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr, Bern, Switzerland..
    Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA..
    Sawaengphokhai, P.
    Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA..
    Scanlon, T.
    TU Wien Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria..
    Schenzinger, Verena
    Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria..
    Schladow, S. Geoffey
    Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA..
    Schlegel, R. W.
    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA..
    Schmid, Martin Eawag
    Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland..
    Selkirk, H. B.
    Univ Space Res Assoc, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Sharma, S.
    York Univ, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Shi, Lei
    NOAA NESDIS, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA..
    Shimaraeva, S. V.
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk, Russia..
    Silow, E. A.
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk, Russia..
    Simmons, Adrian J.
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England..
    Smith, C. A.
    Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Smith, Sharon L.
    Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Soden, B. J.
    Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Key Biscayne, FL USA..
    Sofieva, Viktoria
    Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland..
    Sparks, T. H.
    Poznan Univ Life Sci, Poznan, Poland..
    Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.
    NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA..
    Stanitski, D. M.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO USA..
    Steinbrecht, Wolfgang
    German Weather Serv DWD, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany..
    Streletskiy, Dimitri A.
    George Washington Univ, Dept Geog, Washington, DC USA..
    Taha, G.
    GESTAR, Columbia, MD USA..
    Telg, Hagen
    Thackeray, S. J.
    Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster, England..
    Timofeyev, M. A.
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk, Russia..
    Tourpali, Kleareti
    Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece..
    Tye, Mari R.
    Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Capac Ctr Climate & Weather Extremes, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA..
    van der A, Ronald J.
    Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands..
    van der Schalie, Robin
    van der Schrier, Gerard
    Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands..
    van der Werf, Guido R.
    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Verburg, Piet
    Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand..
    Vernier, Jean-Paul
    NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA..
    Vomel, Holger
    Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA..
    Vose, Russell S.
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC USA..
    Wang, Ray
    Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Watanabe, Shohei G.
    Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA..
    Weber, Mark
    Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany..
    Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology. Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Wiese, David
    CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA..
    Wilber, Anne C.
    Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA..
    Wild, Jeanette D.
    NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.;Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Willett, K. M.
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England..
    Wong, Takmeng
    NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA..
    Woolway, R. Iestyn
    Dundalk Inst Technol, Dundalk, Ireland..
    Yin, Xungang
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA..
    Zhao, Lin
    Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Geog Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China..
    Zhao, Guanguo
    Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL USA..
    Zhou, Xinjia
    Ziemke, Jerry R.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.;Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA..
    Ziese, Markus
    Deutsch Wetterdienst, Global Precipitat Climatol Ctr, Offenbach, Germany..
    Global Climate: in State of the climate in 20192020In: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS), ISSN 0003-0007, E-ISSN 1520-0477, Vol. 101, no 8, p. S17-S127Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 3. Ades, M.
    et al.
    Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology.
    Ziese, Markus
    State of the Climate in 20182019In: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS), ISSN 0003-0007, E-ISSN 1520-0477, Vol. 100, no 9, p. Si-S306Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 4. Adrian, Rita
    et al.
    O`Reilly, Catherine M.
    Zagarese, Horacio
    Baines, Stephen B.
    Hessen, Dag O.
    Keller, Wendel
    Livingstone, David M.
    Sommaruga, Ruben
    Straile, Dietmar
    Van Donk, Ellen
    Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Limnology.
    Winder, Monika
    Lakes as sentinels of climate change2009In: Limnology and Oceanography, ISSN 0024-3590, E-ISSN 1939-5590, Vol. 54, no 6(2), p. 2283-2297Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While there is a general sense that lakes can act as sentinels of climate change, their efficacy has not been thoroughly analyzed. We identified the key response variables within a lake that act as indicators of the effects of climate change on both the lake and the catchment. These variables reflect a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological responses to climate. However, the efficacy of the different indicators is affected by regional response to climate change, characteristics of the catchment, and lake mixing regimes. Thus, particular indicators or combinations of indicators are more effective for different lake types and geographic regions. The extraction of climate signals can be further complicated by the influence of other environmental changes, such as eutrophication or acidification, and the equivalent reverse phenomena, in addition to other land-use influences. In many cases, however, confounding factors can be addressed through analytical tools such as detrending or filtering. Lakes are effective sentinels for climate change because they are sensitive to climate, respond rapidly to change, and integrate information about changes in the catchment.

  • 5.
    Aguirre-Gutierrez, Jesus
    et al.
    Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England.;Naturalis Biodivers Ctr, Biodivers Dynam, Leiden, Netherlands..
    Malhi, Yadvinder
    Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England..
    Lewis, Simon L.
    Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Ecol & Global Change, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.;UCL, Dept Geog, London, England..
    Fauset, Sophie
    Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth, Devon, England..
    Adu-Bredu, Stephen
    KNUST, CSIR Forestry Res Inst Ghana, Univ Post Off, Kumasi, Ghana..
    Affum-Baffoe, Kofi
    Forestry Commiss Ghana, Mensurat Unit, Kumasi, Ghana..
    Baker, Timothy R.
    Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Ecol & Global Change, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England..
    Gvozdevaite, Agne
    Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England..
    Hubau, Wannes
    Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Ecol & Global Change, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.;Royal Museum Cent Africa, Serv Wood Biol, Tervuren, Belgium..
    Moore, Sam
    Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England..
    Peprah, Theresa
    KNUST, CSIR Forestry Res Inst Ghana, Univ Post Off, Kumasi, Ghana..
    Zieminska, Kasia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Plant Ecology and Evolution. Arnold Arboretum Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Phillips, Oliver L.
    Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Ecol & Global Change, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England..
    Oliveras, Imma
    Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England..
    Long-term droughts may drive drier tropical forests towards increased functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic homogeneity2020In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 11, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tropical ecosystems adapted to high water availability may be highly impacted by climatic changes that increase soil and atmospheric moisture deficits. Many tropical regions are experiencing significant changes in climatic conditions, which may induce strong shifts in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of forest communities. However, it remains unclear if and to what extent tropical forests are shifting in these facets of diversity along climatic gradients in response to climate change. Here, we show that changes in climate affected all three facets of diversity in West Africa in recent decades. Taxonomic and functional diversity increased in wetter forests but tended to decrease in forests with drier climate. Phylogenetic diversity showed a large decrease along a wet-dry climatic gradient. Notably, we find that all three facets of diversity tended to be higher in wetter forests. Drier forests showed functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic homogenization. Understanding how different facets of diversity respond to a changing environment across climatic gradients is essential for effective long-term conservation of tropical forest ecosystems. Different aspects of biodiversity may not necessarily converge in their response to climate change. Here, the authors investigate 25-year shifts in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of tropical forests along a spatial climate gradient in West Africa, showing that drier forests are less stable than wetter forests.

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  • 6.
    Ahlberg, Per Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Sky konspiratörernas dimma - I: Uppsala Nya Tidning (UNT), 27 dec2008Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 7.
    Ahlvin, Martin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Alexandersson Ros, Sofia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Markytesänkning, växthusgasavgång och utlakning från dikad torvjord2020Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Greenhouse gas emissions and land subsidence on four cultivated peat soils (Martebo, Örke, Kälkestad, Lidhult) have been investigated by measuring emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in field and lab. Greenhouse emitted gas (mg/h) from undisturbed soil cores was measured in lab. Measurements were performed at four different drainage depths. Soil cores were also kept incubated at constant drainage depth and emitted gas was measured with two-week intervals at three measurement occasions. Field measurements of CO2 emissions (mg/h/m2) were also performed. In addition to gas emissions, irrigation of soil cores has been carried out to investigate the risk of leaching of copper (Cu), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and dissolved organic matter (DOC) during rewetting, and whether turbidity can be used as a measurement of DOC.

    Land surveying with GPS was done on three of the peat soils. This was to investigate how land subsidence can be related to CO2 emissions. On one of the sites different land surveying methods were used to assess their suitability for tracking land subsidence in peat soils. 30 year land surveying data from the sites have also been compiled and analyzed.

    The peat soils are part of a long-term experiment that was laid out in 1986. On each site one field was fertilized with copper and one was kept untreated as comparision. The purpose of the copper fertilizer was to reduce the activity of microorganisms. By doing so the degradation of soil organic matter could be reduced, thereby reducing the land subsidence.

    The results show that the ground surface at all four sites has subsided, but no difference is observed for copper-fertilized fields compared to untreated. Neither could an effect on CO2 emissions from copper fertilization be noted. The greatest land subsidence was observed for Martebo and the least for Kälkestad. By using data from the most recent time period the greatest subsidence was instead observed for Örke. This is consistent with Örke having the greatest CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions alone could not explain land subsidence.

    The results also show that emitted N2O was higher for nutrient-rich soils with the peak directly after saturation. CH4 was at its lowest initially, but then increased and emitted CH4 was greatest for the soils where easily biodegradable organic matter was available. Turbidity alone could not explain the DOC content in leachate from the irrigated soil cores.

    Conclusions drawn were that copper fertilization had no effect on land subsidence and CO2 emissions in this case. Copper did however still leach from the soils 30 years after addition. Emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 varies greatly between the different soils. To be able to obtain reliable levels of greenhouse gas emissions from peat soils in climate models, more research is needed on how different peat soils react to water and nutrient content.

    It is important to have long time series when measuring land subsidence. Using the same measurement equipment will give better results. GPS for land surveying of peatland can be recommended if the results can be related to a fix point.

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  • 8.
    Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Theology, Department of Theology.
    Climate Change-Induced Riverine Floods: A Case Study of the Lower Indus River, Sindh, Pakistan.2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Earth's climate has been consistently warming since the mid-eighteenth century, largely due to human activities, particularly the industrial revolution. This has led to a significant increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a major driver of climate change. While the impacts of climate change are global, they are not evenly distributed, and developing countries, including Pakistan, bear a disproportionate burden. Despite contributing only 0.7% of global GHG emissions, Pakistan ranks as the sixth most vulnerable country to the impacts of climate change.

    This thesis focuses on analyzing the effects of climate change on riverine floods in the lower Indus River, Sindh, Pakistan, during the period from 2010 to 2013. The study delves into the consequences of floods on various aspects of communities, including agriculture, health, displacement, social structures, and livelihoods. Additionally, it explores adaptive measures required by humanitarian organizations and governments to mitigate these risks.

    In the theoretical framework, the vulnerability theory is employed to enhance our understanding of vulnerabilities and impacts associated with climate change-induced floods. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction is utilized to better comprehend disasters, build resilience, and facilitate adaptation strategies.

    Recognizing that the window for mitigating the effects of climate change has closed, the thesis emphasizes the urgency of adaptation. It contends that vulnerabilities associated with climate change-induced floods can be significantly reduced, and certain effects can be harnessed for beneficial purposes through proper adaptation strategies. For instance, the flooding of the lower Indus River delta during the summer months (July to September) creates an opportunity to store water for use during the remaining nine months, thus mitigating droughts and water scarcity.

  • 9.
    Ahmed, Engy
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Sci Life Lab, Tomtebodavagen 23A, SE-17165 Solna, Sweden..
    Parducci, Laura
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Plant Ecology and Evolution.
    Unneberg, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Evolution.
    Ågren, Rasmus
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Sci Life Lab, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Schenk, Frederik
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Rattray, Jayne E.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Univ Calgary, Biol Sci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB, Canada..
    Han, Lu
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics. Jilin Univ, Coll Life Sci, Ancient DNA Lab, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China..
    Muschitiello, Francesco
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9NW, Palisades, NY USA..
    Pedersen, Mikkel W.
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England..
    Smittenberg, Rienk H.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Yamoah, Kweku Afrifa
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Slotte, Tanja
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Ecol Environm & Plant Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Sci Life Lab, Tomtebodavagen 23A, SE-17165 Solna, Sweden..
    Wohlfarth, Barbara
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Archaeal community changes in Lateglacial lake sediments: Evidence from ancient DNA2018In: Quaternary Science Reviews, ISSN 0277-3791, E-ISSN 1873-457X, Vol. 181, p. 19-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Lateglacial/early Holocene sediments from the ancient lake at Hasseldala Port, southern Sweden provide an important archive for the environmental and climatic shifts at the end of the last ice age and the transition into the present Interglacial. The existing multi-proxy data set highlights the complex interplay of physical and ecological changes in response to climatic shifts and lake status changes. Yet, it remains unclear how microorganisms, such as Archaea, which do not leave microscopic features in the sedimentary record, were affected by these climatic shifts. Here we present the metagenomic data set of Hasseldala Port with a special focus on the abundance and biodiversity of Archaea. This allows reconstructing for the first time the temporal succession of major Archaea groups between 13.9 and 10.8 ka BP by using ancient environmental DNA metagenomics and fossil archaeal cell membrane lipids. We then evaluate to which extent these findings reflect physical changes of the lake system, due to changes in lake-water summer temperature and seasonal lake-ice cover. We show that variations in archaeal composition and diversity were related to a variety of factors (e.g., changes in lake water temperature, duration of lake ice cover, rapid sediment infilling), which influenced bottom water conditions and the sediment-water interface. Methanogenic Archaea dominated during the Allerod and Younger Dryas pollen zones, when the ancient lake was likely stratified and anoxic for large parts of the year. The increase in archaeal diversity at the Younger Dryas/Holocene transition is explained by sediment infilling and formation of a mire/peatbog. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 10.
    Albihn, Ann
    et al.
    National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Gustafsson, Hans
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    O’Hara Ruiz, Marilyn
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
    38. Preparing for Climate Change2012In: Ecology and Animal Health / [ed] Leif Norrgren and Jeffrey Levengood, Uppsala: Baltic University Press , 2012, 1, p. 311-328Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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    ehsa 2-38
  • 11.
    Amores, Marcos
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology.
    Global Warming Induced by Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a Had a Pronounced Impact on the Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Vegetation of Southern Sweden2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Mesozoic is punctuated by several rapid global warming events that are marked by the worldwide deposition of organic-rich marine sediments. These events, known as oceanic anoxic events (OAEs), are characterised by intervals where the worldwide carbon cycle suffers a disruption due to major palaeoceanographic and climatic shifts, leading to anoxic marine environments and the creation of black shales. For this study, the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE 1a), which occurred during the Early Cretaceous Aptian age (~120 Ma) was analysed. It was likely triggered by the Greater Ontong Java underwater volcanic event and is associated with major changes in marine environments and ecosystems, including nekton and plankton turnover, and sea water composition changes. The impact of this event on terrestrial land-based ecosystems is, however, less well understood. Here I document well preserved and diverse spore-pollen assemblages spanning OAE 1a from southern Sweden by examining the Höllviken I core.

    Before the OAE, palynofloras are dominated by conifers, suggestive of a relatively mild and dry coastal environment. At the onset of the OAE a fern spike occurs, where there is a shift to early successional stage vegetation. Gymnosperm diversity and abundance sharply decrease, and the palynofloral assemblages become dominated by ferns, indicating a shift to warm and wet conditions. Gymnosperms gradually recover thereafter, but the formerly abundant conifer pollen Classopollis does not recover and remains rare. Dinoflagellate cysts and microforaminiferal test linings increase in abundance after OAE 1a, suggesting a higher degree of marine influence.

    These findings show that OAE 1a had a substantial impact on the composition and diversity of high latitude terrestrial vegetation and marine plankton communities. 

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  • 12.
    Anderberg, Hilda
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Olsson, Sofia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Bjerklund, Frida
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Larsson, Therese
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Junegard, Frida
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Risker vid översvämning och åtgärdsförslag för MSB:s skola i Revinge2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    På skolan i Revinge utbildar Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) personer inom områdena skydd mot olyckor och krisberedskap. Vid ett flertal tillfällen har Kävlingeån översvämmat skolområdet vilket resulterat i att verksamheten blivit stillastående i flera veckor. Grundvattennivån ligger nära markytan på skolområdet och platsen är därför extra känslig för översvämningar både från ån och extrem nederbörd.

    För att kunna minimera konsekvenserna vid en översvämning identifierades olika objekt, byggnader och områden, som i rapporten är benämnda som skyddsobjekt, som drabbas mest vid översvämning. För att ta hänsyn till att framtida väderförhållanden kan bli mer extrema undersöktes två klimatanpassade scenarier, höga flöden från ån och extrem nederbörd. Olika åtgärder mot översvämningar som potentiellt kan passa skolområdet togs fram och viktades utefter kostnader, lagar och skyddskapacitet.

    Skyddsobjekten som togs fram är skolans övningytor, kontorsbyggnader, hus med källare, spillvattenbrunnar, områden som kan sprida miljöfarliga ämnen, elskåp samt fordonshall/förråd. Skyddsobjekten viktades utefter översvämningskonsekvensernas direkta kostnader, hinder för utbildning samt fara för människor och natur, i relation till hur sannolikt det är att objekten blir översvämmade. Övningsytor, spillvattenbrunnar och områden som kan sprida miljöfarliga ämnen fick högsta prioritet.

    De åtgärder mot översvämning som undersöktes var gröna tak, regnmagasin, regnbäddar, träd, kontrollerad översvämningsyta och permanent vall. De fyra förstnämnda bedömdes billiga och lagligt sett icke komplicerade i relation till permanent vall och kontrollerad översvämningsyta. En summering av vilka skyddsobjekt varje åtgärd skyddar lades till. En effektivitetsfaktor togs fram i relation till vilka scenarier åtgärderna verkar mot och i vilken grad de kan motverka ett scenario på egen hand. Detta gav värderingen, från högst till lägst, permanent vall, träd, översvämningsyta, regnmagasin, regnbäddar och gröna tak.

    Som ytterligare åtgärder rekommenderas det att utesluta användning av källare helt och bestämmelser kring nybyggnation bör tas i relation till var det finns störst risk för översvämning på området. Ett förslag till MSB finns om att ta kontakt med Kävlingeå-projektet som arbetar med att utöka andelen våtmarker utmed Kävlingeån, där ett av målen för projektet är att motverka översvämningar. Arbetet drivs av Kävlingeåns Vattenråd, vilka också kan ha mer information kring hur regleringen av Vombsjön kan påverka risken för översvämning på skolområdet. 

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  • 13.
    Anderson, Kevin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. Univ Manchester, Sch Engn, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
    Wrong tool for the job: Debating the bedrock of climate-change mitigation scenarios2019In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 573, no 7774, p. 348-348Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Anderson, Kevin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, CEMUS. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
    Broderick, John
    University of Manchester, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research.
    Stoddard, Isak
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, CEMUS. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    A factor of two: how the mitigation plans of ‘climate progressive nations’ fall far short of Paris-compliant pathways2020In: Climate Policy, ISSN 1469-3062, E-ISSN 1752-7457, Vol. 20, no 10, p. 1290-1304Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Paris Agreement establishes an international covenant to reduce emissions in line with holding the increase in temperature to 'well below 2 degrees C horizontal ellipsis and to pursue horizontal ellipsis 1.5 degrees C.' Global modelling studies have repeatedly concluded that such commitments can be delivered through technocratic adjustments to contemporary society, principally price mechanisms driving technical change. However, as emissions have continued to rise, so these models have come to increasingly rely on the extensive deployment of highly speculative negative emissions technologies (NETs). Moreover, in determining the mitigation challenges for industrialized nations, scant regard is paid to the language and spirit of equity enshrined in the Paris Agreement. If, instead, the mitigation agenda of 'developed country Parties' is determined without reliance on planetary scale NETs and with genuine regard for equity and 'common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities', the necessary rates of mitigation increase markedly. This is evident even when considering the UK and Sweden, two nations at the forefront of developing 'progressive' climate change legislation and with clear emissions pathways and/or quantitative carbon budgets. In both cases, the carbon budgets underpinning mitigation policy are halved, the immediate mitigation rate is increased to over 10% per annum, and the time to deliver a fully decarbonized energy system is brought forward to 2035-40. Such a challenging mitigation agenda implies profound changes to many facets of industrialized economies. This conclusion is not drawn from political ideology, but rather is a direct consequence of the international community's obligations under the Paris Agreement and the small and rapidly dwindling global carbon budget. Key Policy Insights Without a belief in the successful deployment of planetary scale negative emissions technologies, double-digit annual mitigation rates are required of developed countries, from 2020, if they are to align their policies with the Paris Agreement's temperature commitments and principles of equity. Paris-compliant carbon budgets for developed countries imply full decarbonization of energy by 2035-40, necessitating a scale of change in physical infrastructure reminiscent of the post-Second World War Marshall Plan. This brings issues of values, measures of prosperity and socio-economic inequality to the fore. The stringency of Paris-compliant pathways severely limits the opportunity for inter-sectoral emissions trading. Consequently aviation, as with all sectors, will need to identify policies to reduce emissions to zero, directly or through the use of zero carbon fuels. The UK and Swedish governments' emissions pathways imply a carbon budget of at least a factor of two greater than their fair contribution to delivering on the Paris Agreement's 1.5-2 degrees C commitment.

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  • 15.
    Anderson, Kevin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development, CSD Uppsala, Centre for Environment and Development Studies.
    Schrage, Jesse
    Stoddard, Isak
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development, CSD Uppsala, Centre for Environment and Development Studies. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development.
    Tuckey, Aaron
    Wetterstedt, Martin
    A Guide for a Fair Implementation of the Paris Agreement within Swedish Municipalities and Regional Governments: Part II of the Carbon Budget Reports Submitted to Swedish Local Governing Bodies in the 2018 Project "Koldioxidbudgetar 2020-2040"2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Since 2015, Uppsala University has hosted the Zennström Visiting Professorship in Climate Change Leadership, part of a 10-year series of visiting professorships (2015-2025) funded by Zennström Philanthropies. The ambition of the initiative is to tackle some of the largest challenges climate change poses to humanity, by developing new solutions and enabling transformational change at the intersection of science, politics and innovation. Kevin Anderson, Professor of Energy and Climate Change at the University of Manchester and Deputy Director at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research was the second holder of this professorship, taking up the positionin August 2016. He has pioneered research on carbon budgets and pathways to acceptable mitigation levels with a focus on Sweden and the UK (see Anderson et al., 2017 and Kuriakose et al., 2018). In 2017, Järfälla municipality contacted the Climate Change Leadership (CCL) Node at Uppsala University seeking a carbon budget for their municipality which was published later that year (Anderson et al., 2017). When this report was completed, more municipalities contacted CCL to request similar carbon budget calculations. The great interest resulted in the project, “Koldioxidbudgetar 2020-2040” (Carbon budgets 2020-2040) starting in2018 in collaboration with Ramboll. This ongoing project is characterised by a high level of collaboration and knowledge sharing between municipalities (kommuner), regional governments (län) and the Climate Change Leadership Node in order to produce reports that meet the needs and expectations of participating governing bodies. This report is part II of the project. Part I consists of individual carbon budget reports submitted to participating Swedish municipalities and regional governments.

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  • 16.
    Anderson, Kevin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. Centrum för miljö och utvecklingsstudier (Cemus).
    Schrage, Jesse
    Stoddard, Isak
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. Centrum för miljö och utvecklingsstudier (Cemus).
    Tuckey, Aaron
    Wetterstedt, Martin
    Koldioxidbudget 2020-2040: Del 12018Report (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Anderson, Kevin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development, CSD Uppsala, Centre for Environment and Development Studies.
    Stoddard, Isak
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development, CSD Uppsala, Centre for Environment and Development Studies. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. Centrum för miljö och utvecklingsstudier (Cemus).
    Schrage, Jesse
    Carbon budget and pathways to a fossil-free future in Järfälla Municipality2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In 2015, the global community committed to hold global average temperature increase to “well below 2°C above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C.”. While nations showed clear commitment to the Paris Agreement’s temperature goals, what would those pledges entail for cities desiring to make a fair contribution to addressing climate change? This report is the result of research that the Centre for Sustainable Development (CEMUS) at Uppsala University and SLU conducted on behalf of Järfälla Municipality. The report describes the calculation of a carbon budget for Sweden, followed by a calculation of Järfälla Municipality's carbon budget. The report concludes with a chapter describing emissions reductions pathways (and possible corresponding measures) for Järfälla Municipality if they are to make their fair contribution to the Paris Agreement and pave the way for the transition to a fossil-free future.

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  • 18.
    Andersson, Magnus
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development, CSD Uppsala, The Baltic University Programme.
    Tol, Richard S.J.
    Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg.
    Graham, L. Phil
    Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute.
    Bergström, Sten
    Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute.
    Rydén, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development, CSD Uppsala, The Baltic University Programme.
    Azar, Christian
    University of Gothenburg.
    10. Impacts on the Global Atmosphere: Climate Change and Ozone Depletion2003In: Environmental Science: Understanding, protecting and managing the environment in the Baltic Sea Region / [ed] Lars Rydén, Pawel Migula and Magnus Andersson, Uppsala: Baltic University Press , 2003, 1, p. 294-323Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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    ES 10
  • 19.
    Andin, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Synoptic Variability of Extreme Snowfall in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Glaciers of southwestern Yukon (Canada) and southeastern Alaska (USA) are presently experiencing high rates of annual mass loss. These high melt rates have mainly been investigated with respect to regional temperature trends, but comparatively little is known about how climate variations regulate snow accumulation on these glaciers. This study examines the synoptic weather patterns and air flow trajectories associated with extreme snowfall events in the central St. Elias Mountains (Yukon). The analyses are based on data retrieved from an automated weather station (AWS) between 2003 and 2012, which provide the longest continuous records of surface meteorological data ever obtained from this remote region.

    The AWS data reveal that 47 extreme snowfall events (> 27 cm per 12 hours) occurred during this period, of which 79 % took place during the cold season months. Air flow trajectories associated with these events indicate that a vast majority had their origin in the North Pacific south of 50°N. Less frequent were air masses with a source in the Aleutian Arc/Bering Sea region and the Gulf of Alaska, and in a few rare cases precipitating air was traced to continental source regions in Western Canada and Alaska. Composite maps of sea-level pressure and upper-level winds associated with extreme snowfall events revealed a frequent synoptic pattern with a low-pressure area centered over the Kenai Peninsula (Alaska), which drives strong southerly winds over the Gulf of Alaska towards the St. Elias Mountains. This pattern is consistent with AWS data wind recordings during snow storms. The most typical synoptic configurations of the North Pacific low-pressure area during extreme snowfall events are either elongated, split, or single-centered, and these situations represent possible seasonal analogues for the different states of the Aleutian Low in the subarctic North Pacific. However, neither the geographical position or intensity of negative sea-level pressure anomalies, nor surface pressure gradients associated with extreme snowfall events are good predictors of the actual snowfall SWE amounts recorded in the central St. Elias Mountains. Estimated snowfall and total precipitation gradients with altitude were confirmed to be much steeper (by up to ~30 %) on the continental side (Yukon), than on the coastal side (Alaska) of the St. Elias Mountains, reflecting the strong orographic division between the continental and coastal marine climatic regimes. Finally, patterns of 500-mb geopotential height anomalies associated with extreme snowfall events at Divide were compared with those associated with unusually high accumulation years in an ice core from the nearby Eclipse Icefield. Results confirm previous findings that associate high snow accumulation winters in this region with the presence of a strong dipole pressure structure between western North America and the Aleutian Low region, a structure which resembles the positive phase of the Pacific North American atmospheric circulation pattern. 

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  • 20.
    Andreasson, Albin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Lind, Noa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    Reconstructing Past Climate by Using XRF and Loss of Ignition on Loess from Adventdalen, Svalbard: Rekonstruktion av tidigare klimat genom attanvända XRF analys och antändningsförlust på lössavlagringar från Adventdalen, Svalbard2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    By analyzing the texture, composition and chemical composition of loess soils, the reconstruction ofpast climate regimes is enabled, which can improve our understanding of current and future climatechange. Properties such as grain size and composition, mineralogy, organic matter and chemicalcomposition can provide information about which environmental factors were present during thedeposition of the sediment, which can lead to a detailed picture of the climate history of a site. Researchon loess soils in the polar regions is particularly valuable because its climate is most rapidly affected byglobal warming. The purpose of the study has therefore been to understand and convey new data to thepaleo-climate around the Arctic by examining and analyzing loess soil sequences at a depth between 0and 175 cm from Adventdalen, Svalbard. In this study, the samples are analyzed with XRF (X-rayfluorescence) and LOI (Loss of Ignition). XRF is used to find out the mineral composition of the soils,while LOI is used to find out the percentage of organic content and carbonates.Data from the oldest part of the stratigraphic section indicate a sharp increase in weathering, from acooler period about 3000 years ago to a warming until about 2000 years ago. Weathering intensitiesderived from Na/Al-based indices show relatively frequent oscillations throughout the section, but arestable from about 100-70 cm. The high and stable weathering values during this period can probably beattributed to the Medieval Warm Period, which coincides with the relative dating of the site. Datacollected from the LOI shows a clear trend throughout the section, with a decrease in organic matterfrom 3000 BC to the present. 

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  • 21.
    Arndt, D. S.
    et al.
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
    Blunden, J.
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
    Dunn, R. J. H.
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
    Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P.
    Trinidad & Tobago Meteorol Serv, Piarco, Trinid & Tobago.
    Abdallah, A.
    Agence Natl Aviat Civile & Meteorol, Moroni, Comoros.
    Ackerman, Steven A.
    Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA.
    Adler, Robert
    Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA.
    Alfaro, Eric J.
    Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Jose, Costa Rica;Univ Costa Rica, Sch Phys, San Jose, Costa Rica.
    Allan, Richard P.
    Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England.
    Allan, Rob
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
    Alvarez, Luis A.
    Inst Hidrol Meteorol & Estudios Ambientales Colom, Bogota, Colombia.
    Alves, Lincoln M.
    Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Ctr Ciencias Sistema Terrestre, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Amador, Jorge A.
    Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Jose, Costa Rica;Univ Costa Rica, Sch Phys, San Jose, Costa Rica.
    Andreassen, L. M.
    Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate, Sect Glaciers Ice & Snow, Oslo, Norway.
    Arce, Dayana
    Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Jose, Costa Rica;Univ Costa Rica, Sch Phys, San Jose, Costa Rica.
    Argueez, Anthony
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
    Arndt, Derek S.
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
    Arzhanova, N. M.
    Russian Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia.
    Augustine, John
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
    Awatif, E. M.
    Egyptian Meteorol Author, Cairo Numer Weather Predict, Dept Seasonal Forecast & Climate Res, Cairo, Egypt.
    Azorin-Molina, Cesar
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Reg Climate Grp, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Baez, Julian
    Direcc Meteorol & Hidrol DINAC, Asuncion, Paraguay.
    Bardin, M. U.
    Islamic Republ Iran Meteorol Org, Tehran, Iran.
    Barichivich, Jonathan
    Ctr Climate & Resilience Res, Santiago, Chile;Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso, Inst Geog, Valparaiso, Chile;Univ Austral Chile, Inst Conservac Biodiversidad & Terr, Valdivia, Chile.
    Baringer, Molly O.
    NOAA OAR Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
    Barreira, Sandra
    Argentine Naval Hydrog Serv, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
    Baxter, Stephen
    NOAA NWS Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
    Beck, H. E.
    Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08536 USA.
    Becker, Andreas
    Deutsch Wetterdienst, Global Precipitat Climatol Ctr, Offenbach, Germany.
    Bedka, Kristopher M.
    NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
    Behrenfeld, Michael J.
    Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR USA.
    Bell, Gerald D.
    NOAA NWS Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
    Belmont, M.
    Seychelles Natl Meteorol Serv, Pointe Larue, Mahe, Seychelles.
    Benedetti, Angela
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England.
    Bernhard, G. H.
    Biospher Instruments, San Diego, CA USA.
    Berrisford, Paul
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England.
    Berry, David I.
    Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
    Bettolli, Maria L.
    Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Atmosfera & Oceanos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
    Bhatt, U. S.
    Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK USA.
    Bidegain, Mario
    Inst Uruguayo Meteorol, Montevideo, Uruguay.
    Biskaborn, B.
    Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany.
    Bissolli, Peter
    Deutscher Wetterdienst, WMO RA VI Reg Climate Ctr Network, Offenbach, Germany.
    Bjerke, J.
    Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Tromso, Norway.
    Blake, Eric S.
    NOAA NWS Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
    Blunden, Jessica
    Bosilovich, Michael G.
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Boucher, Olivier
    CNRS UPMC, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France.
    Boudet, Dagne
    Inst Meteorol Cuba, Climate Ctr, Havana, Cuba.
    Box, J. E.
    Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Boyer, Tim
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
    Braathen, Geir O.
    WMO Atmospher Environm Res Div, Geneva, Switzerland.
    Brimelow, Julian
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Bromwich, David H.
    Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH USA.
    Brown, R.
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
    Buehler, S.
    Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
    Bulygina, Olga N.
    Russian Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia.
    Burgess, D.
    Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
    Calderon, Blanca
    Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Jose, Costa Rica.
    Camargo, Suzana J.
    Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
    Campbell, Jayaka D.
    Univ West Indies, Dept Phys, Kingston, Jamaica.
    Cappelen, J.
    Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Caroff, P.
    RSMC La Reunion, Meteo France, La Reunion, France.
    Carrea, Laura
    Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, England.
    Carter, Brendan R.
    NOAA OAR Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA;Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA USA.
    Chambers, Don P.
    Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL USA.
    Chandler, Elise
    Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Cheng, Ming-Dean
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan;Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Christiansen, Hanne H.
    Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Geol, Longyearbyen, Norway.
    Christy, John R.
    Univ Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL USA.
    Chung, Daniel
    Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria.
    Chung, E. -S
    Clem, Kyle R.
    Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geography Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.
    Coelho, Caio A. S.
    CPTEC INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasts & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil.
    Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie
    German Aerosp Ctr DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany.
    Colwell, Steve
    British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England.
    Cooper, Owen R.
    Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA;NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
    Copland, L.
    Univ Ottawa, Dept Geography, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
    Cross, J. N.
    NOAA OAR Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
    Crouch, Jake
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
    Cutie, Virgen
    Inst Meteorol Cuba, Climate Ctr, Havana, Cuba.
    Davis, Sean M.
    Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
    de Eyto, Elvira
    Marine Inst, Newport, Ireland.
    de Jeu, Richard A. M.
    VanderSat BV, Haarlem, Netherlands.
    de Laat, Jos
    Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
    DeGasperi, Curtis L.
    King Cty Water & Land Resources Div, Seattle, WA USA.
    Degenstein, Doug
    Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
    Demircan, M.
    Turkish State Meteorol Serv, Ankara, Turkey.
    Derksen, C.
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Di Girolamo, Larry
    Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.
    Diamond, Howard J.
    NOAA OAR Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA.
    Dindyal, S.
    Mauritius Meteorological Serv, Vacoas, Mauritius.
    Dlugokencky, Ed J.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
    Dohan, Kathleen
    Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA USA.
    Dokulil, Martin T.
    Univ Innsbruck, Res Inst Limnology, Mondsee, Austria.
    Dolman, A. Johannes
    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci Earth & Climate Cluster, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Domingues, Catia M.
    Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia;Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
    Donat, Markus G.
    Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Dong, Shenfu
    Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA.
    Dorigo, Wouter A.
    Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria.
    Drozdov, D. S.
    Earth Cryosphere Inst, Tumen, Russia;Tyumen State Oil & Gas Univ, Tyumen, Russia.
    Dunn, Robert J. H.
    Duran-Quesada, Ana M.
    Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Jose, Costa Rica;Univ Costa Rica, Sch Phys, San Jose, Costa Rica.
    Dutton, Geoff S.
    Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
    ElKharrim, M.
    Direction Meteorol Natl Maroc, Rabat, Morocco.
    Elkins, James W.
    Epstein, H. E.
    Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VIRGINIA.
    Espinoza, Jhan C.
    Inst Geofisico Peru, Lima, Peru.
    Etienne-LeBlanc, Sheryl
    Meteorol Dept St Maarten, St Maarten, Netherlands.
    Famiglietti, James S.
    CALTECH, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
    Farrell, S.
    Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdiscipl Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
    Fateh, S.
    Islamic Republic Iranian Meteorol, Tehran, Iran.
    Fausto, R. S.
    Geolog Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Feely, Richard A.
    Feng, Z.
    FCSD ASGC Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA.
    Fenimore, Chris
    Fettweis, X.
    Univ Liege, Liege, Belgium.
    Fioletov, Vitali E.
    Flannigan, Mike
    Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Flemming, Johannes
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England.
    Fogt, Ryan L.
    Ohio Univ, Dept Geography, Athens, Ohio.
    Folland, Chris
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England;Univ Southern Queensland, Int Ctr Appl Climate Sci, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia;Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, England.
    Fonseca, C.
    Inst Meteorol Cuba, Climate Ctr, Havana, Cuba.
    Forbes, B. C.
    Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi, Finland.
    Foster, Michael J.
    Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA.
    Francis, S. D.
    Nigerian Meteorol Agcy, Natl Weather Forecast & Climate Res Ctr, Abuja, Nigeria.
    Franz, Bryan A.
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Frey, Richard A.
    Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA.
    Frith, Stacey M.
    Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA;NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Froidevaux, Lucien
    CALTECH, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
    Ganter, Catherine
    Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Gerland, S.
    Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway.
    Gilson, John
    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
    Gobron, Nadine
    European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
    Goldenberg, Stanley B.
    Goni, Gustavo
    Gonzalez, Idelmis T.
    Inst Meteorol Cuba, Climate Ctr, Havana, Cuba.
    Goto, A.
    Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan.
    Greenhough, Marianna D.
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Grooss, J. -U
    Gruber, Alexander
    Guard, Charles
    NOAA NWS Weather Forecast Off, Mangilao, GU USA.
    Gupta, S. K.
    Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA.
    Gutierrez, J. M.
    CSIC Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
    Haas, C.
    York Univ, Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada;Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.
    Hagos, S.
    Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, FCSD ASGC Climate Phys Grp, Richland, WA USA.
    Hahn, Sebastian
    Haimberger, Leo
    Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria.
    Hall, Brad D.
    Halpert, Michael S.
    Hamlington, Benjamin D.
    Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanography, Norfolk, VA USA.
    Hanna, E.
    Univ Sheffield, Dept Geography, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.
    Hanssen-Bauer, I
    Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
    Hare, Jon
    NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA.
    Harris, Ian
    Univ East Anglia, Natl Ctr Atmospheric Sci, Norwich, NY USA;Univ East Anglia, Climatic Res Unit, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, NY USA.
    Heidinger, Andrew K.
    NOAA NESDIS STAR Univ Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI USA.
    Heim, Richard R., Jr.
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
    Hendricks, S.
    Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.
    Hernandez, Marieta
    Climate Ctr, Inst Meteorol, Havana, Cuba.
    Hernandez, Rafael
    Inst Nacl Meteorol & Hidrolog Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
    Hidalgo, Hugo G.
    Ho, Shu-peng
    Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, COSMIC Project Off, Boulder, CO USA.
    Hobbs, William R.
    Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems, Hobart, Australia.
    Huang, Boyin
    Huelsing, Hannah K.
    SUNY Albany, Albany, NY USA.
    Hurst, Dale F.
    Ialongo, I.
    Finnish Meteorolog Inst, Helsinki, Finland.
    Ijampy, J. A.
    Nigerian Meteorol Agcy, Abuja, Nigeria.
    Inness, Antje
    European Ctr Medium Range, Reading, Berks, England.
    Isaksen, K.
    Norwegian Meteorolog Inst, Oslo, Norway.
    Ishii, Masayoshi
    Japan Meteorolog Agcy, Climat Res Dept, Meteorolog Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Jevrejeva, Svetlana
    Jimenez, C.
    Estellus, Paris, France;PSL Res Univ, LERMA, Observatoire Paris, Paris, France.
    Xiangze, Jin
    John, Viju
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England;EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany.
    Johns, William E.
    Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA.
    Johnsen, B.
    Norwegian Radiat Protect Authority, Osteras, Norway.
    Johnson, Bryan
    NOAA OAR Earth System Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA;Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA.
    Johnson, Gregory C.
    Johnson, Kenneth S.
    Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA.
    Jones, Philip D.
    Univ East Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, England.
    Jumaux, Guillaume
    Meteo France, Direct Interreg Ocean Indien, St Denis, Reunion, France.
    Kabidi, Khadija
    Direct Meteorolog Natl Maroc, Rabat, Morocco.
    Kaiser, J. W.
    Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany.
    Kass, David
    California Inst Technol, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
    Kato, Seiji
    Kazemi, A.
    Islamic Republic Iran Meteorolog Org, Tehran, Iran.
    Kelem, G.
    Ethiopian Meteorolog Agcy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Keller, Linda M.
    Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospheric & Oceanic Sci, Madison, WI USA.
    Kelly, B. P.
    Ctr Blue Economy, Middlebury Inst Int Studies, Monterey, CA USA;Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA;Study Environm Arctic Change SEARCH, Fairbanks, AK USA.
    Kendon, Mike
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
    Kennedy, John
    Kerr, Kenneth
    Trinidad & Tobago Meteorol Serv, Piarco, Trinid & Tobago.
    Kholodov, A. L.
    Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK USA.
    Khoshkam, Mahbobeh
    Islamic Republ Iran Meteorol Org, Tehran, Iran.
    Killick, Rachel
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
    Kim, Hyungjun
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo 1138654, Japan.
    Kim, S. -J
    Kimberlain, Todd B.
    NOAA NWS Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
    Klotzbach, Philip J.
    Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA.
    Knaff, John A.
    NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA.
    Kochtubajda, Bob
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Kohler, J.
    Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Tromso, Norway.
    Korhonen, Johanna
    Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Freshwater Ctr, Helsinki, Finland.
    Korshunova, Natalia N.
    World Data Ctr, All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia.
    Kramarova, Natalya
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Kratz, D. P.
    NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
    Kruger, Andries
    South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa.
    Kruk, Michael C.
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Environm Informat, ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA.
    Krumpen, T.
    Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.
    Lakatos, M.
    Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Climatol Div, Budapest, Hungary.
    Lakkala, K.
    Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res Ctr, Sodankyla, Finland.
    Lanckmann, J. -P
    Lander, Mark A.
    Univ Guam, Mangilao, GU USA.
    Landschuetzer, Peter
    Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
    Landsea, Chris W.
    NOAA NWS Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
    Lankhorst, Matthias
    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
    Lantz, Kathleen
    Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA;NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
    Lazzara, Matthew A.
    Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA;Madison Area Tech Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Sch Arts & Sci, Madison, WI USA.
    Leuliette, Eric
    NOAA, NWS NCWCP Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA.
    Lewis, Stephen R.
    Open Univ, Sch Phys Sci, Fac Sci Technol Engn & Math, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England.
    L'Heureux, Michelle
    NOAA NWS Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
    Lieser, Jan L.
    Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
    Lin, I-I
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Liu, Hongxing
    Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geog, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
    Liu, Yinghui
    Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA.
    Locarnini, Ricardo
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA.
    Loeb, Norman G.
    NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
    Long, Craig S.
    NOAA NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA.
    Loranty, M.
    Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY USA.
    Lorrey, Andrew M.
    Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Loyola, Diego
    German Aerosp Ctr DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany.
    Lu, Mong-Ming
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan;Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Lumpkin, Rick
    NOAA OAR Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
    Luo, Jing-Jia
    Australian Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Luojus, K.
    Finnish Meteorolog Inst, Helsinki, Finland.
    Lyman, John M.
    NOAA OAR Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA;Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA.
    Macara, Gregor
    Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
    Macdonald, Alison M.
    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA.
    Macias-Fauria, M.
    Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England.
    Malkova, G. V.
    Earth Cryosphere Inst, Tumen, Russia;Tyumen State Oil & Gas Univ, Tyumen, Russia.
    Manney, G.
    New Mexico Inst Mining & Technol, Socorro, NM USA;NorthWest Res Ass, Socorro, NM USA.
    Marchenko, S. S.
    Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK USA.
    Marengo, Jose A.
    Ctr Nacl Monitoramento Alertas Desastres Nat, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil.
    Marra, John J.
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
    Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Dept Hydrol & Water Management, Torun, Poland.
    Martens, B.
    Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, Ghent, Belgium.
    Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney
    Ctr Int Invest Fenomeno El Nino, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
    Massom, Robert A.
    Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia;Univ Tasmania, Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
    Mathis, Jeremy T.
    NOAA, OAR Arctic Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA.
    May, Linda
    Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Mayer, Michael
    Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria.
    Mazloff, Matthew
    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
    McBride, Charlotte
    South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa.
    McCabe, M. F.
    King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Div Biol & Environm Sci & Engn, Water Desalinat & Reuse Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
    McCarthy, Gerard
    Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
    McCarthy, M.
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
    McDonagh, Elaine L.
    McGree, Simon
    Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    McVicar, Tim R.
    CSIRO Land & Water Flagship, Canberra, ACT, Australia;Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia;Australian Capital Territory, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Mears, Carl A.
    Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
    Meier, W.
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Mekonnen, A.
    North Carolina A&T State Univ, Dept Energy & Environm Syst, Greensboro, NC USA.
    Menezes, V. V.
    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA.
    Mengistu Tsidu, G.
    Botswana Int Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palapye, Botswana;Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Phys, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Univ Reading, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
    Menzel, W. Paul
    Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
    Merchant, Christopher J.
    Meredith, Michael P.
    British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England.
    Merrifield, Mark A.
    Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA.
    Minnis, Patrick
    NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
    Miralles, Diego G.
    Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, Ghent, Belgium.
    Mistelbauer, T.
    Earth Observing Data Ctr GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
    Mitchum, Gary T.
    Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL USA.
    Mitro, Srkani
    Meteorol Serv Suriname, Paramaribo, Surinam.
    Monselesan, Didier
    CSIRO Oceans & Atmos, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
    Montzka, Stephen A.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
    Mora, Natalie
    Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Jose, Costa Rica;Univ Costa Rica, Sch Phys, San Jose, Costa Rica.
    Morice, Colin
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
    Morrow, Blair
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Mote, T.
    Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
    Mudryk, L.
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
    Muehle, Jens
    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
    Mullan, A. Brett
    Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Mueller, R.
    Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany.
    Nash, Eric R.
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Nerem, R. Steven
    Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
    Newman, Louise
    Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, SOOS Int Project Off, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
    Newman, Paul A.
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Nieto, Juan Jose
    Ctr Int Invest Fenomeno El Nino, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
    Noetzli, Jeannette
    WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, Davos, Switzerland.
    O'Neel, S.
    USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.
    Osborn, Tim J.
    Univ East Anglia, Climatic Res Unit, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, NY USA.
    Overland, J.
    NOAA OAR Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
    Oyunjargal, Lamjav
    Natl Agcy Meteorol, Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Hydrol & Environ Monitoring, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep.
    Parinussa, Robert M.
    VanderSat BV, Haarlem, Netherlands.
    Park, E-hyung
    Korea Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea.
    Pasch, Richard J.
    NOAA NWS Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
    Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo
    Natl Meteorol Serv Mexico, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
    Paterson, Andrew M.
    Ontario Ministry Environ & Climate Change, Dorset Environ Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON, Canada.
    Pearce, Petra R.
    Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Pellichero, V.
    Sorbonne Univ, LOCEAN IPSL, CNRS IRD MNHN, Paris, France.
    Pelto, Mauri S.
    Nichols Coll, Dudley, MA USA.
    Peng, Liang
    Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, COSMIC Project Off, Boulder, CO USA.
    Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E.
    Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Perovich, D.
    Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Eng, Hanover, NH USA;USACE, ERDC, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA.
    Petropavlovskikh, Irina
    NOAA OAR Earth System Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA;Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA.
    Pezza, Alexandre B.
    Greater Wellington Reg Council, Wellington, New Zealand.
    Phillips, C.
    Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospheric & Oceanic Sci, Madison, WI USA.
    Phillips, David
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Phoenix, G.
    Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
    Pinty, Bernard
    European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
    Pitts, Michael C.
    NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
    Pons, M. R.
    Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Santander, Spain.
    Porter, Avalon O.
    Cayman Isl Natl Weather Serv, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.
    Quintana, Juan
    Direcc Meteorol Chile, Santiago, Chile.
    Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh
    Atmospher Sci & Meteorol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Rajeevan, Madhavan
    Minist Earth Sci, Earth System Sci Org, New Delhi, India.
    Rayner, Darren
    Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
    Raynolds, M. K.
    Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
    Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N.
    All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia.
    Read, Peter
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
    Reagan, James
    Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdiscipl Ctr, College Pk, MD USA;NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA.
    Reid, Phillip
    CAWRC, Hobart, Tas, Australia;Australian Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Reimer, Christoph
    Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria;EODC, Vienna, Austria.
    Remy, Samuel
    CNRS UPMC, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France.
    Renwick, James A.
    Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
    Revadekar, Jayashree V.
    Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
    Richter-Menge, J.
    Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA.
    Rimmer, Alon
    Israel Oceanog & Limnol Res, Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnol Lab, Migdal, Israel.
    Robinson, David A.
    Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA.
    Rodell, Matthew
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Rollenbeck, Ruetger
    Univ Marburg, Fac Geog, Lab Climatol Remote Sensing, Marburg, Germany.
    Romanovsky, Vladimir E.
    Tyumen State Univ, Tyumen, Russia;Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK USA.
    Ronchail, Josyane
    Univ Paris Diderot, Lab LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France.
    Roquet, F.
    Stockholm Univ MISU, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rosenlof, Karen H.
    NOAA OAR Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
    Roth, Chris
    Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
    Rusak, James A.
    Ontario Ministry Environ & Climate Change, Dorset Environ Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON, Canada.
    Sallee, Jean-Bapiste
    Sorbonne Univ, LOCEAN IPSL, CNRS IRD MNHN, Paris, France;British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England.
    Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA.
    Santee, Michelle L.
    NASA Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
    Sarmiento, Jorge L.
    Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ USA.
    Sawaengphokhai, P.
    Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Sayouri, Amal
    Direct Meteorolog Natl Maroc, Rabat, Morocco.
    Scambos, Ted A.
    Univ Colorado Boulder, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
    Schemm, Jae
    NOAA NWS Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA.
    Schladow, S. Geoffrey
    Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA.
    Schmid, Claudia
    NOAA OAR Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
    Schmid, Martin
    Swiss Federal Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
    Schoeneich, P.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inst Geog Alpine, Grenoble, France.
    Schreck, Carl J., III
    N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
    Schuur, Ted
    No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosystem Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
    Selkirk, H. B.
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Send, Uwe
    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
    Sensoy, Serhat
    Turkish State Meteorol Serv, Ankara, Turkey.
    Sharp, M.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Shi, Lei
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA.
    Shiklomanov, Nikolai I.
    George Washington Univ, Dept Geog, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
    Shimaraeva, Svetlana V.
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia.
    Siegel, David A.
    Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA.
    Signorini, Sergio R.
    Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA.
    Silov, Eugene
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia.
    Sima, Fatou
    Dept Water Resources, Div Meteorol, Banjul, Gambia.
    Simmons, Adrian J.
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England.
    Smeed, David A.
    Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England.
    Smeets, C. J. P. P.
    Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Smith, Adam
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA.
    Smith, Sharon L.
    Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
    Soden, B.
    Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA.
    Spence, Jaqueline M.
    Meteorol Serv, Kingston, Jamaica.
    Srivastava, A. K.
    Indian Meteorol Dept, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
    Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.
    NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
    Stammerjohn, Sharon
    Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USA.
    Steinbrecht, Wolfgang
    German Weather Serv DWD, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany.
    Stella, Jose L.
    Serv Meteorol Nacl, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
    Stennett-Brown, Roxann
    Univ West Indies, Dept Phys, Kingston, Jamaica.
    Stephenson, Tannecia S.
    Univ West Indies, Dept Phys, Kingston, Jamaica.
    Strahan, Susan
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Streletskiy, Dimitri A.
    George Washington Univ, Dept Geog, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
    Sun-Mack, Sunny
    Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Swart, Sebastiaan
    CSIR Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observ, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
    Sweet, William
    NOAA NOS Ctr Operat Oceanog Products & Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
    Tamar, Gerard
    Grenada Airports Author, St Georges, Grenada.
    Taylor, Michael A.
    Univ West Indies, Dept Phys, Kingston, Jamaica.
    Tedesco, M.
    NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA;Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
    Thoman, R. L.
    NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA.
    Thompson, L.
    Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
    Thompson, Philip R.
    Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI USA.
    Timmermans, M. -L
    Timofeev, Maxim A.
    Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia.
    Tirnanes, Joaquin A.
    Univ Santiago Compostela, Lab Syst, Technol Res Inst, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.
    Tobin, Skie
    Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Trachte, Katja
    Philipps Univ, Lab Climatol & Remote Sensing, Marburg, Germany.
    Trewin, Blair C.
    Australian Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Trotman, Adrian R.
    Caribbean Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Bridgetown, Barbados.
    Tschudi, M.
    Univ Colorado Boulder, Aerospace Engn Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
    Tweedy, Olga
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
    van As, D.
    Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    van de Wal, R. S. W.
    Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
    van der Schalie, Robin
    VanderSat BV, Haarlem, Netherlands.
    van der Schrier, Gerard
    Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
    van der Werf, Guido R.
    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    van Meerbeeck, Cedric J.
    Caribbean Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Bridgetown, Barbados.
    Velicogna, I.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
    Verburg, Piet
    Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
    Vieira, G.
    Univ Lisbon, Inst Geog & Ordenamento Territorio, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal.
    Vincent, Lucie A.
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Voemel, Holger
    Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
    Vose, Russell S.
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD USA.
    Wagner, Wolfgang
    Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria.
    Wahlin, Anna
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Reg Climate Grp, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Walker, D. A.
    Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arct Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
    Walsh, J.
    Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA.
    Wang, Bin
    Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI USA;IPRC, Honolulu, HI USA.
    Wang, Chunzai
    South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Junhong
    SUNY Albany, Albany, NY USA.
    Wang, Lei
    Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA USA.
    Wang, M.
    Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA USA.
    Wang, Sheng-Hung
    Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH USA.
    Wanninkhof, Rik
    NOAA OAR Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
    Watanabe, Shohei
    Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA.
    Weber, Mark
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology. Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany..
    Weller, Robert A.
    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA.
    Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
    Whitewood, Robert
    Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Wiese, David N.
    CALTECH, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
    Wijffels, Susan E.
    CSIRO Oceans & Atmos, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
    Wilber, Anne C.
    Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA.
    Wild, Jeanette D.
    NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, INNOVIM, College Pk, MD USA.
    Willett, Kate M.
    Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
    Willie, Shem
    St Lucia Meteorol Serv, St Lucia, Qld, Australia.
    Willis, Josh K.
    CALTECH, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
    Wolken, G.
    Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA.
    Wong, Takmeng
    NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA.
    Wood, E. F.
    Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08536 USA.
    Woolway, R. Iestyn
    Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England.
    Wouters, B.
    Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
    Xue, Yan
    NOAA NWS Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA.
    Yim, So-Young
    Korea Meteorol Adm, Seoul, South Korea.
    Yin, Xungang
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Environm Informat, ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA.
    Yu, Lisan
    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA.
    Zambrano, Eduardo
    Ctr Int Invest Fenomeno El Nino, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
    Zhang, Huai-Min
    NOAA NESDIS Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
    Zhang, Peiqun
    Beijing Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
    Zhao, Guanguo
    Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.
    Zhao, Lin
    Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
    Ziemke, Jerry R.
    NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA;Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Baltimore, MD USA.
    Zilberman, Nathalie
    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
    State of the Climate in 20162017In: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS), ISSN 0003-0007, E-ISSN 1520-0477, Vol. 98, no 8, p. S1-S280Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the second lowest value on record, 33% lower than the 1981-2010 average. Arctic sea ice cover remains relatively young and thin, making it vulnerable to continued extensive melt. The mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has the capacity to contribute similar to 7 m to sea level rise, reached a record low value. The onset of its surface melt was the second earliest, after 2012, in the 37-year satellite record. Sea surface temperature was record high at the global scale, surpassing the previous record of 2015 by about 0.01 degrees C. The global sea surface temperature trend for the 21st century-to-date of +0.162 degrees C decade(-1) is much higher than the longer term 1950-2016 trend of +0.100 degrees C decade(-1). Global annual mean sea level also reached a new record high, marking the sixth consecutive year of increase. Global annual ocean heat content saw a slight drop compared to the record high in 2015. Alpine glacier retreat continued around the globe, and preliminary data indicate that 2016 is the 37th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover for each month from February to June was among its four least extensive in the 47-year satellite record. Continuing a pattern below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska and at the Canadian observatory on northernmost Ellesmere Island. In the Antarctic, record low monthly surface pressures were broken at many stations, with the southern annular mode setting record high index values in March and June. Monthly high surface pressure records for August and November were set at several stations. During this period, record low daily and monthly sea ice extents were observed, with the November mean sea ice extent more than 5 standard deviations below the 1981-2010 average. These record low sea ice values contrast sharply with the record high values observed during 2012-14. Over the region, springtime Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion was less severe relative to the 1991-2006 average, but ozone levels were still low compared to pre-1990 levels. Closer to the equator, 93 named tropical storms were observed during 2016, above the 1981-2010 average of 82, but fewer than the 101 storms recorded in 2015. Three basins-the North Atlantic, and eastern and western North Pacific-experienced above-normal activity in 2016. The Australian basin recorded its least active season since the beginning of the satellite era in 1970. Overall, four tropical cyclones reached the Saffir-Simpson category 5 intensity level. The strong El Nino at the beginning of the year that transitioned to a weak La Nina contributed to enhanced precipitation variability around the world. Wet conditions were observed throughout the year across southern South America, causing repeated heavy flooding in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Wetter-than-usual conditions were also observed for eastern Europe and central Asia, alleviating the drought conditions of 2014 and 2015 in southern Russia. In the United States, California had its first wetter-than-average year since 2012, after being plagued by drought for several years. Even so, the area covered by drought in 2016 at the global scale was among the largest in the post-1950 record. For each month, at least 12% of land surfaces experienced severe drought conditions or worse, the longest such stretch in the record. In northeastern Brazil, drought conditions were observed for the fifth consecutive year, making this the longest drought on record in the region. Dry conditions were also observed in western Bolivia and Peru; it was Bolivia's worst drought in the past 25 years. In May, with abnormally warm and dry conditions already prevailing over western Canada for about a year, the human-induced Fort McMurray wildfire burned nearly 590000 hectares and became the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with $3 billion (U.S. dollars) in insured losses.

  • 22. Asim, Muhammad
    et al.
    Kumar, Rohan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Kanwal, Ammara
    Shahzad, Amir
    Ahmad, Ashfaq
    Farooq, Muhammad
    Techno-economic assessment of energy and environmental impact of waste-to-energy electricity generation2023In: Energy Reports, E-ISSN 2352-4847, Vol. 9, no Suppl 1, p. 1087-1097Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study explored cumulative 127.5MW waste to energy (WtE) potential in five populous cities of Pakistan based on local waste characterization profiles and global standards. The 50MW WtE plant in Lahore using National electricity regulator codes and practices resulted in an attractive Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of US¢ 7.86/kWh over 25 years with a $151.5 million investment cost. The net savings to Lahore Waste Management Company can be $103.4 and $137.7 million respectively with and without tipping fees on account of waste disposal cost, bricks revenue using bottom ash, and waste fee. The project developers can get net savings of $16.9 and $51.5 million respectively with and without tipping fees other than LCOE. Furthermore, the greenhouse gas emissions of 216.6 million tons of CO2eq can be saved throughout plant life against 279 GWh/year energy generation, in terms of grid emission factor and current methane release into the atmosphere from the dumping site.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Techno-economic assessment of energy and environmental impact of waste-to-energy electricity generation
  • 23. Asim, Muhammad
    et al.
    Kumar, Rohan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Kanwal, Ammara
    Shahzad, Amir
    Ahmad, Ashfaq
    Farooq, Muhammad
    Techno-economic assessment of energy and environmental impact of waste-to-energy electricity generation2023In: Energy Reports, E-ISSN 2352-4847, Vol. 9, no Suppl 1, p. 1087-1097Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study explored cumulative 127.5MW waste to energy (WtE) potential in five populous cities of Pakistan based on local waste characterization profiles and global standards. The 50MW WtE plant in Lahore using National electricity regulator codes and practices resulted in an attractive Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of US¢ 7.86/kWh over 25 years with a $151.5 million investment cost. The net savings to Lahore Waste Management Company can be $103.4 and $137.7 million respectively with and without tipping fees on account of waste disposal cost, bricks revenue using bottom ash, and waste fee. The project developers can get net savings of $16.9 and $51.5 million respectively with and without tipping fees other than LCOE. Furthermore, the greenhouse gas emissions of 216.6 million tons of CO2eq can be saved throughout plant life against 279 GWh/year energy generation, in terms of grid emission factor and current methane release into the atmosphere from the dumping site.

  • 24.
    Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat
    et al.
    Univ Reading, Ctr Past Climate Change, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England.;Univ Reading, Sch Archaeol Geog & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England..
    Comas-Bru, Laia
    Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Earth Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland..
    Mozhdehi, Sahar Amirnezhad
    Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Earth Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland..
    Deininger, Michael
    Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Earth Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland.;Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany..
    Harrison, Sandy P.
    Univ Reading, Ctr Past Climate Change, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England.;Univ Reading, Sch Archaeol Geog & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England..
    Baker, Andy
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Boyd, Meighan
    Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England..
    Kaushal, Nikita
    Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3AN, England..
    Ahmad, Syed Masood
    Natl Geophys Res Inst, CSIR, Uppal Rd, Hyderabad 500007, India.;Jamia Millia Islamia, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Geog, New Delhi 110025, India..
    Brahim, Yassine Ait
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China..
    Arienzo, Monica
    Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA..
    Bajo, Petra
    Univ Melbourne, Sch Geog, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia..
    Braun, Kerstin
    Arizona State Univ, Inst Human Origins, POB 874101, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA..
    Burstyn, Yuval
    Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Sci, Edmond J Safra Campus, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.;Geol Survey Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel..
    Chawchai, Sakonvan
    Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, MESA Res Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand..
    Duan, Wuhui
    Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, 19 Beitucheng West Rd, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Hatvani, Istvan Gabor
    Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Inst Geol & Geochem Res, Budaorsi Ut 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary..
    Hu, Jun
    Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, 3651 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA..
    Kern, Zoltan
    Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Inst Geol & Geochem Res, Budaorsi Ut 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary..
    Labuhn, Inga
    Univ Bremen, Inst Geog, Bremen, Germany..
    Lachniet, Matthew
    Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Box 4010, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA..
    Lechleitner, Franziska A.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3AN, England..
    Lorrey, Andrew
    Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Climate Atmosphere & Hazards Ctr, 41 Market Pl, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Perez-Mejias, Carlos
    Pyrenean Inst Ecol IPE CSIC, Dept Geoenvironm Proc & Global Change, Avda Montanana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain..
    Pickering, Robyn
    Univ Cape Town, Human Evolutionary Res Inst, Dept Geol Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa..
    Scroxton, Nick
    Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, 611 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA..
    Atkinson, Tim
    UCL, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England.;UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Ayalon, Avner
    Geol Survey Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel..
    Baldini, James
    Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England..
    Bar-Matthews, Miriam
    Geol Survey Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel..
    Pablo Bernal, Juan
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico..
    Breitenbach, Sebastian
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, Univ Str 150,NABF04-751, D-44801 Bochum, Germany..
    Boch, Ronny
    Graz Univ Technol, Inst Appl Geosci, Rechbauerstr 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria..
    Borsato, Andrea
    Univ Newcastle, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia..
    Cai, Yanjun
    Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710061, Shaanxi, Peoples R China..
    Carolin, Stacy
    Univ Innsbruck, Inst Geol, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Cheng, Hai
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China..
    Columbu, Andrea
    Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, Via Zamboni 67, I-40126 Bologna, Italy..
    Couchoud, Isabelle
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM,UMR 5204, F-73370 Le Bourget Du Lac, France..
    Cruz, Francisco
    Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geociencias, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil..
    Demeny, Attila
    Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Inst Geol & Geochem Res, Budaorsi Ut 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary..
    Dominguez-Villar, David
    Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England..
    Dragusin, Virgil
    Romanian Acad, Emil Racovita Inst Speleol, Frumoasa St 31, Bucharest, Romania..
    Drysdale, Russell
    Univ Melbourne, Sch Geog, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia..
    Ersek, Vasile
    Northumbria Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
    Finné, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Classical archaeology and ancient history.
    Fleitmann, Dominik
    Univ Reading, Sch Archaeol & Geog & Environm Sci, Dept Archaeol, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England..
    Fohlmeister, Jens
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany..
    Frappier, Amy
    Skidmore Coll, Dept Geosci, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA..
    Genty, Dominique
    CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, LOrme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Holzkamper, Steffen
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hopley, Philip
    Birkbeck Univ London, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, England..
    Kathayat, Gayatri
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China..
    Keenan-Jones, Duncan
    Univ Queensland, Sch Hist & Philosoph Inquiry, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia..
    Koltai, Gabriella
    Univ Innsbruck, Inst Geol, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Luetscher, Marc
    Swiss Inst Speleol & Karst Studies, Serre 68, CH-2300 La Chaux De Fonds, Switzerland..
    Li, Ting-Yong
    Swiss Inst Speleol & Karst Studies, Serre 68, CH-2300 La Chaux De Fonds, Switzerland.;Field Sci Observat Res Base Karst Ecoenvironm Nan, Minist Land & Resources China, Chongqing 408435, Peoples R China..
    Lone, Mahjoor Ahmad
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, High Precis Mass Spectrometry & Environm Change L, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.;Natl Taiwan Univ, Res Ctr Future Earth, Taipei 10617, Taiwan..
    Markowska, Monika
    Univ Tubingen, Holderlinstr 12, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany..
    Mattey, Dave
    Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England..
    McDermott, Frank
    Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Earth Sci, Dublin 4, Ireland..
    Moreno, Ana
    Inst Pirenaico Ecol CSIC, Dpto Procesos Geoambient & Cambio Global, Zaragoza, Spain..
    Moseley, Gina
    Univ Innsbruck, Inst Geol, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Nehme, Carole
    Univ Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Geog Dept, IDEES,UMR 6266, Mont St Aignan, France..
    Novello, Valdir F.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geociencias, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil..
    Psomiadis, David
    Imprint Analyt GmbH, Werner von Siemens Str 1, A-7343 Neutal, Austria..
    Rehfeld, Kira
    British Antarctic Survey, High Cross,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.;Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ruan, Jiaoyang
    Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geodynam & Geohazards, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China..
    Sekhon, Natasha
    Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA..
    Sha, Lijuan
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China..
    Sholz, Denis
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany..
    Shopov, Yavor
    Univ Sofia, Univ Ctr Space Res & Technol, Fac Phys, James Baucher 5, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria..
    Smith, Andrew
    British Geol Survey, NERC Isotope Geoscience Facil, Nottingham, England..
    Strikis, Nicolas
    Univ Fed Fluminense, Dept Geoquim, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil..
    Treble, Pauline
    ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia..
    Unal-Imer, Ezgi
    Hacettepe Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Ankara, Turkey..
    Vaks, Anton
    Geol Survey Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel..
    Vansteenberge, Stef
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Chem, Analyt Environm & Geochem, Brussels, Belgium..
    Veiga-Pires, Cristina
    Univ Algarve FCT, CIMA Res Ctr, Campus Gambelas, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal..
    Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo
    Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Jerusalem, Israel..
    Wang, Xianfeng
    Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 636798, Singapore..
    Wong, Corinne
    Univ Texas Austin, Inst Environm Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA..
    Wortham, Barbara
    Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA..
    Wurtzel, Jennifer
    Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Orange Agr Inst, NSW Dept Primary Ind, Orange, NSW, Australia..
    Zong, Baoyun
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China..
    The SISAL database: a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope records from speleothems2018In: Earth System Science Data, ISSN 1866-3508, E-ISSN 1866-3516, Vol. 10, no 3, p. 1687-1713Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly being used to provide "out-of-sample" evaluations of isotope-enabled climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL database contains data for individual speleothems, grouped by cave system. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (delta O-18, delta C-13) measurements are referenced by distance from the top or bottom of the speleothem. Additional tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information, information on the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem and information on the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data.

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  • 25.
    Ayala, Ana I.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology.
    Modelling impact climate-related change on the thermal responses of lakes2023Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In response to climate-related changes, lakes worldwide have experienced warmer surface water temperatures, shorter ice cover periods and changes in lake stratification. As these aspects of lake dynamics exert substantial control over nutrient availability, oxygenation and biogeochemical cycling, predicting changes in lake water temperature and stratification dynamics can improve our understanding of the consequences of warming on lake ecosystems. This thesis investigates the long-term and short-term (extreme event) effects of climate change on lake thermal dynamics using 1D hydrodynamic lake models.

    Long-term lake water temperature simulations showed that water temperatures and thermal stratification metrics were projected to clearly shift toward lake thermal conditions that are consistent with a warmer climate at the end of the 21st century, i.e. warmer surface and bottom temperatures and a stronger and longer duration of summer thermal stratification as a result of an earlier onset of stratification and later fall overturn. The simulated lake thermal structure was controlled by energy exchange between the lake surface and the atmosphere (surface heat fluxes) and wind stress. The individual surface heat flux components were projected to change substantially under future climate scenarios. However, the combined changes showed compensating effects, leading to a small overall change in total surface heat flux, that was still sufficient to lead to important changes in whole-lake temperature. On a seasonal scale, spring heating and autumnal cooling were projected to decrease, while only small changes were projected in winter and summer. An extended analysis during summer using 47 lakes showed that while all lakes gained heat during summer under all scenarios, differences in the amount of heat gained during historical and future conditions were small. Additionally, hydrodynamic lake models performed well in reproducing the magnitude and direction of changes in lake temperature and stratification metrics during storms and heatwaves. However, the lake model performance decreased in accuracy compared to non-extreme condition, which should be taken into account. 

    1D hydrodynamic lake models have been shown to be powerful tools to predict long-term and short-term climate-related changes in lake thermal dynamics, making an in-depth analysis of the surface heat fluxes possible. 

    List of papers
    1. Simulations of future changes in thermal structure of Lake Erken: proof of concept for ISIMIP2b lake sector local simulation strategy
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Simulations of future changes in thermal structure of Lake Erken: proof of concept for ISIMIP2b lake sector local simulation strategy
    2020 (English)In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, ISSN 1027-5606, E-ISSN 1607-7938, Vol. 24, no 6, p. 3311-3330Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This paper, as a part of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2b), assesses the impacts of different levels of global warming on the thermal structure of Lake Erken (Sweden). The General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) one-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate water temperature when using ISIMIP2b bias-corrected climate model projections as input. These projections have a daily time step, while lake model simulations are often forced at hourly or shorter time steps. Therefore, it was necessary to first test the ability of GOTM to simulate Lake Erken water temperature using daily vs hourly meteorological forcing data. In order to do this, three data sets were used to force the model as follows: (1) hourly measured data, (2) daily average data derived from the first data set, and (3) synthetic hourly data created from the daily data set using generalised regression artificial neural network methods. This last data set is developed using a method that could also be applied to the daily time step ISIMIP scenarios to obtain hourly model input if needed. The lake model was shown to accurately simulate Lake Erken water temperature when forced with either daily or synthetic hourly data. Long-term simulations forced with daily or synthetic hourly meteorological data suggest that by the late 21st century the lake will undergo clear changes in thermal structure. For the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenario, namely RCP2.6, surface water temperature was projected to increase by 1.79 and 1.36 C when the lake model was forced at daily and hourly resolutions respectively, and for RCP6.0 these increases were projected to be 3.08 and 2.31 C. Changes in lake stability were projected to increase, and the stratification duration was projected to be longer by 13 and 11 d under RCP2.6 scenario and 22 and 18 d under RCP6.0 scenario for daily and hourly resolutions. Model changes in thermal indices were very similar when using either the daily or synthetic hourly forcing, suggesting that the original ISIMIP climate model projections at a daily time step can be sufficient for the purpose of simulating lake water temperature.

    National Category
    Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416654 (URN)10.5194/hess-24-3311-2020 (DOI)000545720400002 ()
    Funder
    EU, Horizon 2020, H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016EU, Horizon 2020, 722518Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-00006Swedish Research Council Formas, 2017-01738
    Available from: 2020-07-27 Created: 2020-07-27 Last updated: 2023-03-12Bibliographically approved
    2. Climate Change Impacts on Surface Heat Fluxes in a Deep Monomictic Lake
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Climate Change Impacts on Surface Heat Fluxes in a Deep Monomictic Lake
    Show others...
    2023 (English)In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, ISSN 2169-897X, E-ISSN 2169-8996, Vol. 128, no 11Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Turbulent and radiative energy exchanges between lakes and the atmosphere play an importantrole in determining the process of lake-mixing and stratification, including how lakes respond to climate andto climate change. Here we used a one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model to assess seasonal impacts ofclimate change on individual surface heat flux components in Lough Feeagh, Ireland, a deep, monomictic lake.We drove the lake model with an ensemble of outputs from four climate models under three future greenhousegas scenarios from 1976 to 2099. In these experiments, the results showed significant increases in the radiativebudget that were largely counteracted by significant increases in the turbulent fluxes. The combined change inthe individual surface heat fluxes led to a change in the total surface heat flux that was small, but sufficient tolead to significant changes in the volume-weighted average lake temperature. The largest projected changes intotal surface heat fluxes were in spring and autumn. Both spring heating and autumnal cooling significantlydecreased under future climate conditions, while changes to total surface heat fluxes in winter and summerwere an order of magnitude lower. This led to counter-intuitive results that, in a warming world, there wouldbe less heat not more entering Lough Feeagh during the springtime, and little change in net heating over thesummer or winter compared to natural climate conditions, projected increases in the volume-weighted averagelake temperature were found to be largely due to reduced heat loss during autumn.

    Keywords
    Modelling, climate change, ISIMIP2b, Simstrat, Lough Feeagh, heat budget, turbulent heat fluxes, radiative surface fluxes
    National Category
    Climate Research
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-498248 (URN)10.1029/2022JD038355 (DOI)
    Available from: 2023-03-12 Created: 2023-03-12 Last updated: 2023-06-14Bibliographically approved
    3. Analysis of summer heat budget of lakes under a changing climate across a geographic gradient
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analysis of summer heat budget of lakes under a changing climate across a geographic gradient
    Show others...
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Warming surface water temperature is the most direct consequence of climate change in lakes and therefore, predicting the heat exchange at the air-water interface is important to understand how atmospheric forcing will affect lake temperature and thermal structure. Here, we forced a one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model with outputs from four different climate models under three future greenhouse gas emission scenarios from 1976 to 2099. To investigate the changes in summer (June to August or December to February in the northern or southern hemisphere, respectively) net surface heat flux and the individual flux components for 47 lakes with varying in size and geographic location were analysed. The results show that in the most extreme case (RCP 8.5) summer lake surface temperature is projected to increase by 4.72±0.70 °C by the end of the 21st century, due to increasing absorption of solar radiation (17.40±8.81 W m-2) and of long-wave radiation (33.01±5.44 W m-2). The increased lake surface temperature, also lead to higher heat losses to the atmosphere by outgoing long-wave radiation (27.54±4.07 W m-2) and by latent heat flux (25.10±7.37 W m-2), while a lower heat loss by sensible heat flux is projected (-3.20±1.94 W m-2). Altogether, the net heat balance and thus the accumulation of heat in the lakes over summer remains almost unchanged. However, a shift in the contributions of the individuals heat fluxes is projected, with the latent heat flux gaining relative importance.

    Keywords
    Modelling, climate change, ISIMIP2b, Simstrat, total surface heat flux, surface heat flux components, outgoing long-wave radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux
    National Category
    Climate Research
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-498249 (URN)
    Funder
    EU, Horizon 2020, 722518EU, Horizon 2020, 101017861
    Available from: 2023-03-12 Created: 2023-03-12 Last updated: 2023-03-13Bibliographically approved
    4. Performance of one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake models during short-term extreme weather events
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Performance of one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake models during short-term extreme weather events
    Show others...
    2020 (English)In: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 133, article id 104852Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Numerical lake models are useful tools to study hydrodynamics in lakes, and are increasingly applied to extreme weather events. However, little is known about the accuracy of such models during these short-term events. We used high-frequency data from three lakes to test the performance of three one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic models (Simstrat, GOTM, GLM) during storms and heatwaves. Models reproduced the overall direction and magnitude of changes during the extreme events, with accurate timing and little bias. Changes in volume-averaged and surface temperatures and Schmidt stability were simulated more accurately than changes in bottom temperature, maximum buoyancy frequency, or mixed layer depth. However, in most cases the model error was higher (30-100%) during extreme events compared to reference periods. As a consequence, while 1D lake models can be used to study effects of extreme weather events, the increased uncertainty in the simulations should be taken into account when interpreting results.

    Keywords
    Storm, Heatwave, Model validation, Simstrat, GOTM, General lake model
    National Category
    Ecology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-424624 (URN)10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104852 (DOI)000580633100026 ()
    Funder
    EU, Horizon 2020, 722518
    Available from: 2020-11-09 Created: 2020-11-09 Last updated: 2023-03-12Bibliographically approved
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  • 26.
    Ayala, Ana I.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology. Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
    Mesman, Jorrit P.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology. Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
    Jones, Ian D.
    Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
    de Eyto, Elvira
    Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo, Ireland.
    Jennings, Eleanor
    Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland.
    Goyette, Stéphane
    Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
    Pierson, Donald C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology.
    Climate Change Impacts on Surface Heat Fluxes in a Deep Monomictic Lake2023In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, ISSN 2169-897X, E-ISSN 2169-8996, Vol. 128, no 11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Turbulent and radiative energy exchanges between lakes and the atmosphere play an importantrole in determining the process of lake-mixing and stratification, including how lakes respond to climate andto climate change. Here we used a one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model to assess seasonal impacts ofclimate change on individual surface heat flux components in Lough Feeagh, Ireland, a deep, monomictic lake.We drove the lake model with an ensemble of outputs from four climate models under three future greenhousegas scenarios from 1976 to 2099. In these experiments, the results showed significant increases in the radiativebudget that were largely counteracted by significant increases in the turbulent fluxes. The combined change inthe individual surface heat fluxes led to a change in the total surface heat flux that was small, but sufficient tolead to significant changes in the volume-weighted average lake temperature. The largest projected changes intotal surface heat fluxes were in spring and autumn. Both spring heating and autumnal cooling significantlydecreased under future climate conditions, while changes to total surface heat fluxes in winter and summerwere an order of magnitude lower. This led to counter-intuitive results that, in a warming world, there wouldbe less heat not more entering Lough Feeagh during the springtime, and little change in net heating over thesummer or winter compared to natural climate conditions, projected increases in the volume-weighted averagelake temperature were found to be largely due to reduced heat loss during autumn.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Ayala, Ana I.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology. Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
    Mesman, Jorrit P.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology. Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
    Jones, Ian D.
    Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
    Schmid, Martin
    Department of Surface Waters Research and Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
    Råman Vinnå, Love
    Department of Surface Waters Research and Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
    Woolway, R. Iestyn
    Goyette, Stéphane
    Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
    Pierson, Donald C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology.
    Analysis of summer heat budget of lakes under a changing climate across a geographic gradientManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Warming surface water temperature is the most direct consequence of climate change in lakes and therefore, predicting the heat exchange at the air-water interface is important to understand how atmospheric forcing will affect lake temperature and thermal structure. Here, we forced a one-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model with outputs from four different climate models under three future greenhouse gas emission scenarios from 1976 to 2099. To investigate the changes in summer (June to August or December to February in the northern or southern hemisphere, respectively) net surface heat flux and the individual flux components for 47 lakes with varying in size and geographic location were analysed. The results show that in the most extreme case (RCP 8.5) summer lake surface temperature is projected to increase by 4.72±0.70 °C by the end of the 21st century, due to increasing absorption of solar radiation (17.40±8.81 W m-2) and of long-wave radiation (33.01±5.44 W m-2). The increased lake surface temperature, also lead to higher heat losses to the atmosphere by outgoing long-wave radiation (27.54±4.07 W m-2) and by latent heat flux (25.10±7.37 W m-2), while a lower heat loss by sensible heat flux is projected (-3.20±1.94 W m-2). Altogether, the net heat balance and thus the accumulation of heat in the lakes over summer remains almost unchanged. However, a shift in the contributions of the individuals heat fluxes is projected, with the latent heat flux gaining relative importance.

  • 28.
    Balanzategui, Daniel
    et al.
    GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany.;Humboldt Univ, Inst Geog, Berlin, Germany.;DAI German Archaeol Inst, Dept Nat Sci, Berlin, Germany..
    Nordhauss, Henry
    GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany..
    Heinrich, Ingo
    GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany.;Humboldt Univ, Inst Geog, Berlin, Germany.;DAI German Archaeol Inst, Dept Nat Sci, Berlin, Germany..
    Biondi, Franco
    Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, DendroLab, Reno, NV 89557 USA..
    Miley, Nicholas
    Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, DendroLab, Reno, NV 89557 USA..
    Hurley, Alexander G.
    GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany..
    Ziaco, Emanuele
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Plant Ecology and Evolution. GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany.
    Wood Anatomy of Douglas-Fir in Eastern Arizona and Its Relationship With Pacific Basin Climate2021In: Frontiers in Plant Science, E-ISSN 1664-462X, Vol. 12, article id 702442Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dendroclimatic reconstructions, which are a well-known tool for extending records of climatic variability, have recently been expanded by using wood anatomical parameters. However, the relationships between wood cellular structures and large-scale climatic patterns, such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), are still not completely understood, hindering the potential for wood anatomy as a paleoclimatic proxy. To better understand the teleconnection between regional and local climate processes in the western United States, our main objective was to assess the value of these emerging tree-ring parameters for reconstructing climate dynamics. Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, we measured cell lumen diameter and cell wall thickness (CWT) for the period 1966 to 2015 in five Douglas-firs [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] from two sites in eastern Arizona (United States). Dendroclimatic analysis was performed using chronologies developed for 10 equally distributed sectors of the ring and daily climatic records to identify the strongest climatic signal for each sector. We found that lumen diameter in the first ring sector was sensitive to previous fall-winter temperature (September 25(th) to January 23(rd)), while a precipitation signal (October 27(th) to February 13(th)) persisted for the entire first half of the ring. The lack of synchronous patterns between trees for CWT prevented conducting meaningful climate-response analysis for that anatomical parameter. Time series of lumen diameter showed an anti-phase relationship with the Southern Oscillation Index (a proxy for ENSO) at 10 to 14year periodicity and particularly in 1980-2005, suggesting that chronologies of wood anatomical parameters respond to multidecadal variability of regional climatic modes. Our findings demonstrate the potential of cell structural characteristics of southwestern United States conifers for reconstructing past climatic variability, while also improving our understanding of how large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions impact local hydroclimatic patterns.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 29.
    Basirat, Farzad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Niemi, Auli
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Perroud, H
    Université de Montpellier.
    Lofi, J
    Université de Montpellier.
    Denchik, N
    Université de Montpellier.
    Pezard, P
    Université de Montpellier.
    Sharma, Prabhakar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Fagerlund, Fritjof
    Uppsala University.
    Modeling gas transport in the shallow subsurface in the Maguelone field experiment2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Developing reliable monitoring techniques to detect and characterize CO2  leakage in shallow subsurface is necessary for the safety of any GCS project. To test different monitoring techniques, shallow injection-monitoring experiment have and are being carried out at the Maguelone, along the Mediterranean lido of the Gulf of Lions, near Montpellier, France. This experimental site was developed in the context of EU FP7 project MUSTANG and is documented in Lofi et al. (2012). Gas injection experiments are being carried out and three techniques of pressure, electrical resistivity and seismic monitoring have been used to detect the nitrogen and CO2  release in the near surface environment. In the present work we use the multiphase and multicomponent TOUGH2/EOS7CA model to simulate the gaseous nitrogen and CO2  transport of the experiments carried out so far. The objective is both to gain understanding of the system performance based on the model analysis as well as to further develop and validate modelling approaches for gas transport in the shallow subsurface, against the well-controlled data sets. Numerical simulation can also be used for the prediction of experimental setup limitations. We expect the simulations to represent the breakthrough time for the different tested injection rates. Based on the hydrogeological formation data beneath the lido, we also expect the vertical heterogeneities in grain size distribution create an effective capillary barrier against upward gas transport in numerical simulations.

  • 30. Basirat, Farzad
    et al.
    Niemi, Auli
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Perroud, H
    Université de Montpellier.
    Lofi, J.
    Université de Montpellier.
    Denchik, N.
    Université de Montpellier.
    Pezard, P.
    Université de Montpellier.
    Sharma, Prabhakar
    Fagerlund, Fritjof
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Modeling gas transport in the shallow subsurface in the Maguelone field experiment2013Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Developing reliable monitoring techniques to detect and characterize CO2 leakage in shallow subsurface is necessary for the safety of any GCS project. To test different monitoring techniques, shallow injection-monitoring experiment have and are being carried out at the Maguelone, along the Mediterranean lido of the Gulf of Lions, near Montpellier, France. This experimental site was developed in the context of EU FP7 project MUSTANG and is documented in Lofi et al. (2012). Gas injection experiments are being carried out and three techniques of pressure, electrical resistivity and seismic monitoring have been used to detect the nitrogen and CO2 release in the near surface environment. In the present work we use the multiphase and multicomponent TOUGH2/EOS7CA model to simulate the gaseous nitrogen and CO2 transport of the experiments carried out so far. The objective is both to gain understanding of the system performance based on the model analysis as well as to further develop and validate modelling approaches for gas transport in the shallow subsurface, against the well-controlled data sets. Numerical simulation can also be used for the prediction of experimental setup limitations. We expect the simulations to represent the breakthrough time for the different tested injection rates. Based on the hydrogeological formation data beneath the lido, we also expect the vertical heterogeneities in grain size distribution create an effective capillary barrier against upward gas transport in numerical simulations.

  • 31. Basirat, Farzad
    et al.
    Yang, Zhibing
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    Niemi, Auli
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Pore-scale modeling of wettability effects on CO2-brine displacement during geological storage2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wetting properties of reservoir rocks and caprocks can significantly influence on sequestration of carbon dioxide in deep geological formations. Wettability impacts on the physical and chemical processes that are associated with injecting CO2 underground. Our aim is to understand how wetting properties influence two-phase flow of CO2 and brine in a pore scale domain. We use the phase field method to simulate the two-phase flow of CO2-brine in realistic porous domain geometry. Our focus is on clarifying the pore-scale fluid-fluid displacement mechanisms under different wetting conditions and to quantifying the effect of contact angle on macroscopic parameters such as residual brine saturation, capillary pressure, and specific interfacial area. We could show the phase field method can be applied to a complex porous medium with realistic reservoir permeability. Beside it was shown that it can deal with the conditions with large viscosity contrasts and large wettability (low contact angles) which are difficult to handle with direct numerical approaches. Our simulations results suggest wettability concept cannot be explained just by contact angles. Even though the wettability in pore-scale is defined as the contact angle, there is not any particular relation to link the contact angle to the residual saturations and distribution patterns of CO2 in porous domain. Beside the contact angle, the flow rate and basic properties of fluids which are represent in capillary number and mobility number definitions and also the geometry of porous media are describe the CO2-brine distributions.

  • 32.
    Bengtsson, Fia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Plant Ecology and Evolution.
    Rydin, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Plant Ecology and Evolution.
    Baltzer, Jennifer L.
    Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada..
    Bragazza, Luca
    Univ Ferrara, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, Ferrara, Italy.;WSL Site Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Lausanne, Switzerland.;Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn ENAC, Lab Ecol Syst ECOS, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Bu, Zhao-Jun
    Northeast Normal Univ, Inst Peat & Mire Res, State Environm Protect Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Veg, Changchun, Peoples R China.;Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Key Lab Geog Proc & Ecol Secur Changbai Mt, Minist Educ, Changchun, Peoples R China..
    Caporn, Simon J. M.
    Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England..
    Dorrepaal, Ellen
    Umeå Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Abisko, Sweden..
    Flatberg, Kjell Ivar
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, Trondheim, Norway..
    Galanina, Olga
    St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Earth Sci, St Petersburg, Russia.;Russian Acad Sci, Komarov Bot Inst, St Petersburg, Russia..
    Galka, Mariusz
    Univ Lodz, Fac Biol & Environm Protect, Dept Geobotany & Plant Ecol, Lodz, Poland..
    Ganeva, Anna
    Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Res, Sofia, Bulgaria..
    Goia, Irina
    Babes Bolyai Univ, Fac Biol & Geol, Dept Taxon & Ecol, Cluj Napoca, Romania..
    Goncharova, Nadezhda
    Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Biol, Komi Sci Ctr, Syktyvkar, Russia..
    Hajek, Michal
    Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Fac Sci, Brno, Czech Republic..
    Haraguchi, Akira
    Univ Kitakyushu, Dept Biol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan..
    Harris, Lorna I.
    McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Humphreys, Elyn
    Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Jirousek, Martin
    Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Fac Sci, Brno, Czech Republic.;Mendel Univ Brno, Fac AgriSci, Dept Plant Biol, Brno, Czech Republic..
    Kajukalo, Katarzyna
    Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Climate Change Ecol Res Unit, Poznan, Poland..
    Karofeld, Edgar
    Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Tartu, Estonia..
    Koronatova, Natalia G.
    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci & Agrochem, Lab Biogeocenol, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia..
    Kosykh, Natalia P.
    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci & Agrochem, Lab Biogeocenol, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia..
    Laine, Anna M.
    Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Peatland & Soil Ecol Grp, Joensuu, Finland.;Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol & Genet, Oulu, Finland..
    Lamentowicz, Mariusz
    Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Climate Change Ecol Res Unit, Poznan, Poland..
    Lapshina, Elena
    Yugra State Univ, Khanty Mansiysk, Russia..
    Limpens, Juul
    Wageningen Univ, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Linkosalmi, Maiju
    Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland..
    Ma, Jin-Ze
    Northeast Normal Univ, Inst Peat & Mire Res, State Environm Protect Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Veg, Changchun, Peoples R China.;Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Key Lab Geog Proc & Ecol Secur Changbai Mt, Minist Educ, Changchun, Peoples R China..
    Mauritz, Marguerite
    No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc Ecoss, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA..
    Mitchell, Edward A. D.
    Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol, Lab Soil Biodivers, Neuchatel, Switzerland.;Jardin Bot Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland..
    Munir, Tariq M.
    Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, Calgary, AB, Canada.;Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geog & Planning, Saskatoon, SK, Canada..
    Natali, Susan M.
    Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA..
    Natcheva, Rayna
    Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Res, Sofia, Bulgaria..
    Payne, Richard J.
    Univ York, Environm & Geog, York, N Yorkshire, England.;Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia..
    Philippov, Dmitriy A.
    Russian Acad Sci, Papanin Inst Biol Inland Waters, Borok, Russia..
    Rice, Steven K.
    Union Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA..
    Robinson, Sean
    SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Biol, Oneonta, NY USA..
    Robroek, Bjorn J. M.
    Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Aquat Ecol & Environm Biol, Nijmegen, Netherlands..
    Rochefort, Line
    Laval Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.;Laval Univ, Ctr Northern Studies, Quebec City, PQ, Canada..
    Singer, David
    Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol, Lab Soil Biodivers, Neuchatel, Switzerland.;Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Stenoien, Hans K.
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, Trondheim, Norway..
    Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina
    Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Peatland & Soil Ecol Grp, Joensuu, Finland..
    Vellak, Kai
    Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Tartu, Estonia..
    Waddington, James Michael
    McMaster Univ, Sch Earth Environm & Soc, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Granath, Gustaf
    Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Environmental drivers ofSphagnumgrowth in peatlands across the Holarctic region2021In: Journal of Ecology, ISSN 0022-0477, E-ISSN 1365-2745, Vol. 109, no 1, p. 417-431Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The relative importance of global versus local environmental factors for growth and thus carbon uptake of the bryophyte genusSphagnum-the main peat-former and ecosystem engineer in northern peatlands-remains unclear. We measured length growth and net primary production (NPP) of two abundantSphagnumspecies across 99 Holarctic peatlands. We tested the importance of previously proposed abiotic and biotic drivers for peatland carbon uptake (climate, N deposition, water table depth and vascular plant cover) on these two responses. Employing structural equation models (SEMs), we explored both indirect and direct effects of drivers onSphagnumgrowth. Variation in growth was large, but similar within and between peatlands. Length growth showed a stronger response to predictors than NPP. Moreover, the smaller and denserSphagnum fuscumgrowing on hummocks had weaker responses to climatic variation than the larger and looserSphagnum magellanicumgrowing in the wetter conditions. Growth decreased with increasing vascular plant cover within a site. Between sites, precipitation and temperature increased growth forS. magellanicum. The SEMs indicate that indirect effects are important. For example, vascular plant cover increased with a deeper water table, increased nitrogen deposition, precipitation and temperature. These factors also influencedSphagnumgrowth indirectly by affecting moss shoot density. Synthesis. Our results imply that in a warmer climate,S. magellanicumwill increase length growth as long as precipitation is not reduced, whileS. fuscumis more resistant to decreased precipitation, but also less able to take advantage of increased precipitation and temperature. Such species-specific sensitivity to climate may affect competitive outcomes in a changing environment, and potentially the future carbon sink function of peatlands.

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  • 33.
    Bergström, Hans
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Air and Water Science.
    Nya svenska vindkarteringen2006Other (Other (popular scientific, debate etc.))
  • 34.
    Bergström, Hans
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences. Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Air and Water Science.
    Moberg, Anders
    Daily air temperature and pressure series for Uppsala 1722-19982002In: Climatic Change, no 53, p. 231-252Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Biella, Riccardo
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. Uppsala Univ, Ctr Nat Hazards & Disaster Sci CNDS, Villavagen 16, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Hoffmann, Roman
    Leibniz Assoc, Social Metab & Impacts, Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, Telegrafenberg A56, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.;Univ Vienna, Wittgenstein Ctr Demog & Global Human Capital OeA, Int Inst Appl Syst Anal IIASA, Schlosspl 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.;Univ Vienna, Wittgenstein Ctr Demog & Global Human Capital OeA, Vordere Zollamtsstr 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria..
    Upadhyay, Himani
    Leibniz Assoc, Social Metab & Impacts, Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res PIK, Telegrafenberg A56, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.;Humboldt Univ, Dept Cultural Hist & Theory, Georgenstr 47, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.;Humboldt Univ, Dept Social Sci, Georgenstr 47, D-10117 Berlin, Germany..
    Climate, Agriculture, and Migration: Exploring the Vulnerability and Outmigration Nexus in the Indian Himalayan Region2022In: Mountain Research and Development Journal, ISSN 0276-4741, E-ISSN 1994-7151, Vol. 42, no 2, p. R9-R21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change is increasingly affecting mountain communities around the world with major implications for human livelihoods and wellbeing. With its predominantly rural population and limited resources, the Indian Himalayan Region is particularly vulnerable. While previous research has highlighted the destructive potential of climate change, we focused on the socioeconomic and ecological drivers of climate vulnerabilities and their links to migration and depopulation trends, which can be observed in the area. A mixed-methods case study approach was used to explore these relationships in the state of Uttarakhand in the western Indian Himalayan Region. Combining evidence from an aggregate vulnerability index, migration data, and insights from qualitative interviews, we found a close link between local climate vulnerabilities and migration. Considering different drivers, we show that limited adaptive capacities are the decisive factor shaping vulnerabilities and migration in the region, in particular, the high dependency on rainfed agriculture together with ecological, infrastructural, human, and financial constraints. With higher vulnerability, migrants tend to become younger, engage more in short-term migration, and increasingly employ migration in response to structural vulnerabilities and livelihood risks. The outmigration of young males has major implications for their origin communities, as the population left behind becomes older and more feminized.

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  • 36.
    Bini, Monica
    et al.
    Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Pisa, Italy.
    Zanchetta, Giovanni
    Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Pisa, Italy.
    Persoiu, Aurel
    Romanian Acad, Emil Racovita Inst Speleol, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
    Cartier, Rosine
    Lund Univ, Dept Geol, Quaternary Sci, Lund, Sweden.
    Catala, Albert
    Univ Barcelona, Fac Geol, GRC Geociencies Marines, Dept Dinam Terra & Ocea, Barcelona, Spain.
    Cacho, Isabel
    Univ Barcelona, Fac Geol, GRC Geociencies Marines, Dept Dinam Terra & Ocea, Barcelona, Spain.
    Dean, Jonathan R.
    Univ Hull, Sch Environm Sci, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England.
    Di Rita, Federico
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Biol Ambientale, Rome, Italy.
    Drysdale, Russell N.
    Univ Melbourne, Sch Geog, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Finné, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Classical archaeology and ancient history. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isola, Ilaria
    Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
    Jalali, Bassem
    Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LOCEAN Lab, CNRS,IRD,MNHN,UPMC, Paris, France.
    Lirer, Fabrizio
    CNR Napoli, Ist Sci Marine ISMAR, Naples, Italy.
    Magri, Donatella
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Biol Ambientale, Rome, Italy.
    Masi, Alessia
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Biol Ambientale, Rome, Italy.
    Marks, Leszek
    Univ Warsaw, Fac Geol, Warsaw, Poland.
    Mercuri, Anna Maria
    Univ Reggio Emilia & Modena, Dipartimento Sci Vita, Modena, Italy.
    Peyron, Odile
    Univ Montpellier, Inst Sci Evolut ISEM, Montpellier, France.
    Sadori, Laura
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Biol Ambientale, Rome, Italy.
    Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine
    Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, LOCEAN Lab, CNRS,IRD,MNHN,UPMC, Paris, France.
    Welc, Fabian
    Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Univ, Inst Archaeol, Warsaw, Poland.
    Zielhofer, Christoph
    Univ Leipzig, Chair Phys Geog, Leipzig, Germany.
    Brisset, Elodie
    Inst Catala Paleoecol Humana & Evolucio Social, IPHES, Tarragona, Spain;Univ Rovira & Virgili, Area Prehist, Tarragona, Spain.
    The 4.2 ka BP Event in the Mediterranean region: an overview2019In: Climate of the Past, ISSN 1814-9324, E-ISSN 1814-9332, Vol. 15, no 2, p. 555-577Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Mediterranean region and the Levant have returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring around 4200 years ago. However, some regional evidence is controversial and contradictory, and issues remain regarding timing, progression, and regional articulation of this event. In this paper, we review the evidence from selected proxies (sea-surface temperature, precipitation, and temperature reconstructed from pollen, delta O-18 on speleothems, and delta O-18 on lacustrine carbonate) over the Mediterranean Basin to infer possible regional climate patterns during the interval between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. The values and limitations of these proxies are discussed, and their potential for furnishing information on seasonality is also explored. Despite the chronological uncertainties, which are the main limitations for disentangling details of the climatic conditions, the data suggest that winter over the Mediterranean involved drier conditions, in addition to already dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail - where wetter conditions seem to have persisted - suggesting regional heterogeneity in climate patterns. Temperature data, even if sparse, also suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform. The most common paradigm to interpret the precipitation regime in the Mediterranean - a North Atlantic Oscillation-like pattern - is not completely satisfactory to interpret the selected data.

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  • 37.
    Bjornberg, Karin Edvardsson
    et al.
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Div Philosophy, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Karlsson, Mikael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development.
    Faithful Stewards of God's Creation?: Swedish Evangelical Denominations and Climate Change2022In: Religions, ISSN 2077-1444, E-ISSN 2077-1444, Vol. 13, no 5, article id 465Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studies from the United States (U.S.) show that opposition to climate policy is strong among some Christian groups, especially White evangelical Protestants. Much of this opposition is channelled through organisations such as the Cornwall Alliance, which argue against climate measures on religious, economic and what they claim to be science-based grounds. In the present study, we investigated to what extent these convictions were present among Swedish evangelical denominations. Representatives from the Evangelical Free Church, the Pentecostal Alliance, the Swedish Alliance Mission, and the Seventh-day Adventist Church were interviewed to identify the denominations' views on the scientific underpinnings of climate change and the moral implications of climate policy. Our data show that the denominations' views differ markedly from those expressed by climate-oppositional evangelical groups in the U.S. The denominations held homogenous views on the legitimacy of climate science, expressed a clear biblical mandate for climate policy based on the notion of human stewardship, and believed that climate change was inextricably linked to poverty and, thus, had to be addressed. Our results point to the need for further studies on the factors behind acceptance and denial of climate science within and between faith-based and other communities in different countries.

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  • 38. Bliss, Andrew
    et al.
    Hock, Regine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Radic, Valentina
    Global response of glacier runoff to twenty-first century climate change2014In: J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH, ISSN 2169-9003, Vol. 119, no 4, p. 717-730Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The hydrology of many important river systems in the world is influenced by the presence of glaciers in their upper reaches. We assess the global-scale response of glacier runoff to climate change, where glacier runoff is defined as all melt and rain water that runs off the glacierized area without refreezing. With an elevation-dependent glacier mass balance model, we project monthly glacier runoff for all mountain glaciers and ice caps outside Antarctica until 2100 using temperature and precipitation scenarios from 14 global climate models. We aggregate results for 18 glacierized regions. Despite continuous glacier net mass loss in all regions, trends in annual glacier runoff differ significantly among regions depending on the balance between increased glacier melt and reduction in glacier storage as glaciers shrink. While most regions show significant negative runoff trends, some regions exhibit steady increases in runoff (Canadian and Russian Arctic), or increases followed by decreases (Svalbard and Iceland). Annual glacier runoff is dominated by melt in most regions, but rain is a major contributor in the monsoon-affected regions of Asia and maritime regions such as New Zealand and Iceland. Annual net glacier mass loss dominates total glacier melt especially in some high-latitude regions, while seasonal melt is dominant in wetter climate regimes. Our results highlight the variety of glacier runoff responses to climate change and the need to include glacier net mass loss in assessments of future hydrological change.

  • 39.
    Bokhorst, Stef
    et al.
    Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, POB 6606, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.;Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Ecol Sci, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Pedersen, Stine Hojlund
    Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark..
    Brucker, Ludovic
    NASA, GSFC, Cryospher Sci Lab, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.;Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res Studies & Invest, Columbia, MD 21044 USA..
    Anisimov, Oleg
    State Hydrol Inst Roshydromet, 23 Second Line VO, St Petersburg 199053, Russia.;North East Fed Univ, Int Ctr Sci & Educ Best, Yakutsk, Russia..
    Bjerke, Jarle W.
    Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, POB 6606, N-9296 Tromso, Norway..
    Brown, Ross D.
    Environm Canada Ouranos, Div Climate Res, 550 Sherbrooke St West,19th Floor, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B9, Canada..
    Ehrich, Dorothee
    Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway..
    Essery, Richard L. H.
    Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland..
    Heilig, Achim
    Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Ingvander, Susanne
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Johansson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Johansson, Margareta
    Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.;Royal Swedish Acad Sci, POB 50005, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala
    Univ Ctr Svalbard, POB 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway.;Univ Iceland, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Inga, Niila
    Leavas Sami Commun, Box 53, S-98121 Kiruna, Sweden..
    Luojus, Kari
    Finnish Meteorol Inst, Arctic Res, POB 503, Helsinki 00101, Finland..
    Macelloni, Giovanni
    CNR, IFAC CNR, Inst Appl Phys Nello Carrara, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy..
    Mariash, Heather
    Environm Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada..
    McLennan, Donald
    CHARS, 360 Albert St,Suite 1710, Ottawa, ON K1R 7X7, Canada..
    Rosqvist, Gunhild Ninis
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5020 Bergen, Norway..
    Sato, Atsushi
    Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Snow & Ice Res Ctr, 187-16 Suyoshi, Nagaoka, Niigata 9400821, Japan..
    Savela, Hannele
    Univ Oulu, Thule Insitute, POB 7300, Oulu 90014, Finland..
    Schneebeli, Martin
    WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Fluelastr 11, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland..
    Sokolov, Aleksandr
    Russian Acad Sci, Arctic Res Stn, Inst Plant & Anim Ecol, Ural Branch, Labytnangi 629400, Russia.;State Org Yamal Nenets Autonomous Dist, Sci Ctr Arctic Studies, Salekhard, Russia..
    Sokratov, Sergey A.
    Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Arctic Environm Lab, Fac Geog, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia..
    Terzago, Silvia
    Natl Res Council ISAC CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Corso Fiume 4, I-10133 Turin, Italy..
    Vikhamar-Schuler, Dagrun
    Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Div Model & Climate Anal, R&D Dept, Postboks 43, N-0313 Oslo, Norway..
    Williamson, Scott
    Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, CW 405,Biol Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada..
    Qiu, Yubao
    Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.;Cold Reg Initiat, Grp Earth Observat, Geneva, Switzerland..
    Callaghan, Terry V.
    Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.;Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.;Natl Res Tomsk Stated Univ, 36 Lenin Ave, Tomsk 634050, Russia..
    Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts2016In: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 45, no 5, p. 516-537Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Snow is a critically important and rapidly changing feature of the Arctic. However, snow-cover and snowpack conditions change through time pose challenges for measuring and prediction of snow. Plausible scenarios of how Arctic snow cover will respond to changing Arctic climate are important for impact assessments and adaptation strategies. Although much progress has been made in understanding and predicting snow-cover changes and their multiple consequences, many uncertainties remain. In this paper, we review advances in snow monitoring and modelling, and the impact of snow changes on ecosystems and society in Arctic regions. Interdisciplinary activities are required to resolve the current limitations on measuring and modelling snow characteristics through the cold season and at different spatial scales to assure human well-being, economic stability, and improve the ability to predict manage and adapt to natural hazards in the Arctic region.

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  • 40. Box, JE
    et al.
    Colgan, WT
    Christensen, TR
    Schmidt, NM
    Lund, M
    Parmentier, F-J W
    Brown, R
    Bhatt, US
    Euskirchen, ES
    Romanovsky, VE
    Walsh, JE
    Overland, JE
    Wang, M
    Corell, RW
    Meier, WN
    Wouters, B
    Mernild, S
    Mård, Johanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL.
    Pawlak, J
    Skovgård Olsen, M
    Key indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–20172019In: Environmental Research Letters, E-ISSN 1748-9326, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 1-18, article id 045010Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period (1971–2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic system. We find that, coherent with increasing air temperature, there is an intensification of the hydrological cycle, evident from increases in humidity, precipitation, river discharge, glacier equilibrium line altitude and land ice wastage. Downward trends continue in sea ice thickness (and extent) and spring snow cover extent and duration, while near-surface permafrost continues to warm. Several of the climate indicators exhibit a significant statistical correlation with air temperature or precipitation, reinforcing the notion that increasing air temperatures and precipitation are drivers of major changes in various components of the Arctic system. To progress beyond a presentation of the Arctic physical climate changes, we find a correspondence between air temperature and biophysical indicators such as tundra biomass and identify numerous biophysical disruptions with cascading effects throughout the trophic levels. These include: increased delivery of organic matter and nutrients to Arctic near‐coastal zones; condensed flowering and pollination plant species periods; timing mismatch between plant flowering and pollinators; increased plant vulnerability to insect disturbance; increased shrub biomass; increased ignition of wildfires; increased growing season CO2 uptake, with counterbalancing increases in shoulder season and winter CO2 emissions; increased carbon cycling, regulated by local hydrology and permafrost thaw; conversion between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; and shifting animal distribution and demographics. The Arctic biophysical system is now clearly trending away from its 20th Century state and into an unprecedented state, with implications not only within but beyond the Arctic. The indicator time series of this study are freely downloadable at AMAP.no.

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  • 41.
    Boy, Michael
    et al.
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Thomson, Erik S.
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem & Mol Biol Atmospher Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Acosta Navarro, Juan-C.
    BSC, Earth Sci Dept, Barcelona, Spain.
    Arnalds, Olafur
    Agr Univ Iceland, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Hvanneyri, Iceland.
    Batchvarova, Ekaterina
    Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Wind Energy, Riso Campus, Roskilde, Denmark;Bulgarian Acad Sci, Natl Inst Meteorol & Hydrol, Sofia, Bulgaria.
    Bäck, Jaana
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Berninger, Frank
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Bilde, Merete
    Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
    Brasseur, Zoe
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla
    Agr Univ Iceland, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Hvanneyri, Iceland;Univ Iceland, Dept Phys Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland;Czech Univ Life Sci, Fac Environm Sci, Prague, Czech Republic.
    Castarede, Dimitri
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem & Mol Biol Atmospher Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Dalirian, Maryam
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    de Leeuw, Gerrit
    Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland.
    Dragosics, Monika
    Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Duplissy, Ella-Maria
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Duplissy, Jonathan
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Ekman, Annica M. L.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, Stockholm, Sweden;Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fang, Keyan
    Fujian Normal Univ, Inst Geog, Key Lab Humid Subtrop Ecogeog Proc, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peoples R China.
    Gallet, Jean-Charles
    Norwegian Polar Res Inst, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
    Glasius, Marianne
    Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
    Gryning, Sven-Erik
    Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Wind Energy, Riso Campus, Roskilde, Denmark.
    Grythe, Henrik
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway.
    Hansson, Hans-Christen
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hansson, Margareta
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isaksson, Elisabeth
    Norwegian Polar Res Inst, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
    Iversen, Trond
    Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
    Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg
    Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Kasurinen, Ville
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland;Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Kirkevåg, Alf
    Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
    Korhola, Atte
    Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Ecosyst & Environm Res Programme, ECRU, POB 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Krejci, Radovan
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kristjansson, Jon Egill
    Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway.
    Lappalainen, Hanna K.
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland;Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland;Tyumen State Univ, Dept Cryosphere, Tyumen 625003, Russia.
    Lauri, Antti
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Leppäranta, Matti
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Lihavainen, Heikki
    Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland.
    Makkonen, Risto
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Massling, Andreas
    Aarhus Univ, Arct Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Climate, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
    Meinander, Outi
    Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland.
    Nilsson, E. Douglas
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Olafsson, Haraldur
    Univ Iceland, Dept Phys Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland;Icelandic Meteorol Off, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Pettersson, Jan B. C.
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem & Mol Biol Atmospher Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Prisle, Nonne L.
    Univ Oulu, Nano & Mol Syst Res Unit, POB 3000, Oulu 90014, Finland.
    Riipinen, Ilona
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Roldin, Pontus
    Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Div Nucl Phys, POB 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
    Ruppel, Meri
    Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Ecosyst & Environm Res Programme, ECRU, POB 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Salter, Matthew
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sand, Maria
    CICERO, Oslo, Norway.
    Seland, Öyvind
    Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
    Seppä, Heikki
    Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, Helsinki, Finland.
    Skov, Henrik
    Aarhus Univ, Arct Res Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Climate, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
    Soares, Joana
    Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland;Air Qual Res Div Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H5T4, Canada.
    Stohl, Andreas
    NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway.
    Ström, Johan
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Svensson, Jonas
    Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland.
    Swietlicki, Erik
    Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Div Nucl Phys, POB 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
    Tabakova, Ksenia
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Thorsteinsson, Throstur
    Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland;Univ Iceland, Environm & Nat Resources, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Virkkula, Aki
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland;Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland.
    Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology.
    Wu, Yusheng
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Zieger, Paul
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kulmala, Markku
    Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes2019In: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, ISSN 1680-7316, E-ISSN 1680-7324, Vol. 19, no 3, p. 2015-2061Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change-cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.

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  • 42.
    Breinl, Korbinian
    et al.
    Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Hydraul Engn & Water Resources Management, Karlspl 13-222, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.;CNDS, Ctr Nat Hazards & Disaster Sci, Villavagen 16, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Di Baldassarre, Giuliano
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. CNDS, Ctr Nat Hazards & Disaster Sci, Villavagen 16, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Mazzoleni, Maurizio
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. CNDS, Ctr Nat Hazards & Disaster Sci, Villavagen 16, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lun, David
    Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Hydraul Engn & Water Resources Management, Karlspl 13-222, A-1040 Vienna, Austria..
    Vico, Giulia
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Crop Prod Ecol, Ulls Vag 16, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Extreme dry and wet spells face changes in their duration and timing2020In: Environmental Research Letters, E-ISSN 1748-9326, Vol. 15, no 7, article id 074040Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dry spells are sequences of days without precipitation. They can have negative implications for societies, including water security and agriculture. For example, changes in their duration and within-year timing can pose a threat to food production and wildfire risk. Conversely, wet spells are sequences of days with precipitation above a certain threshold, and changes in their duration and within-year timing can impact agriculture, flooding or the prevalence of water-related vector-borne diseases. Here we assess changes in the duration and within-year timing of extreme dry and wet spells over 60 years (1958-2017) using a consistent global land surface precipitation dataset of 5093 rain gauge locations. The dataset allowed for detailed spatial analyses of the United States, Europe and Australia. While many locations exhibit statistically significant changes in the duration of extreme dry and wet spells, the changes in the within-year timing are less often significant. Our results show consistencies with observations and projections from state-of-the-art climate and water resources research. In addition, we provide new insights regarding trends in the timing of extreme dry and wet spells, an aspect being equally important for possible future implications of extremes in a changing climate, which has not yet received the same level of attention and is characterized by larger uncertainty.

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  • 43.
    Brimicombe, Chloe
    et al.
    Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Reading, Berks, England..
    Di Napoli, Claudia
    Univ Reading, Sch Agr Policy & Dev, Reading, Berks, England..
    Cornforth, Rosalind
    Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading, Berks, England..
    Pappenberger, Florian
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England..
    Petty, Celia
    Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading, Berks, England.;Univ Reading, Evidence Dev, Reading, Berks, England..
    Cloke, Hannah L.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Reading, Berks, England.;Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.;CNDS, Ctr Nat Hazards & Disaster Sci, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Borderless Heat Hazards With Bordered Impacts2021In: Earth's Future, E-ISSN 2328-4277, Vol. 9, no 9, article id e2021EF002064Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Heatwaves are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity due to climate change. They are associated with high mortality rates and cross-sectional impacts including a reduction in crop yield and power outages. Here we demonstrate that there are large deficiencies in reporting of heatwave impacts in international disasters databases, international organization reports, and climate bulletins. We characterize the distribution of heat stress across the world focusing on August in the Northern Hemisphere, when notably heatwaves have taken place (i.e., 2003, 2010, and 2020) for the last 20 years using the ERA5-HEAT reanalysis of the Universal Thermal Comfort Index and establish heat stress has grown larger in extent, more so during a heatwave. Comparison of heat stress against the emergency events impacts database and climate reports reveals underreporting of heatwave-related impacts. This work suggests an internationally agreed protocol should be put in place for impact reporting by organizations and national government, facilitating implementation of preparedness measures, and early warning systems.

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  • 44.
    Brimicombe, Chloe
    et al.
    Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England.;European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.;Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England..
    Di Napoli, Claudia
    Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England.;Univ Reading, Sch Agr Policy & Dev, Reading RG6 6EU, Berks, England..
    Quintino, Tiago
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England..
    Pappenberger, Florian
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England..
    Cornforth, Rosalind
    Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading RG6 6AR, Berks, England..
    Cloke, Hannah L.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6AB, Berks, England.;Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6UR, Berks, England.;CNDS, Ctr Nat Hazards & Disaster Sci, SE-75105 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Thermofeel: A python thermal comfort indices library2022In: SoftwareX, E-ISSN 2352-7110, Vol. 18, article id 101005Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here the development of the python library thermofeel is described. thermofeel was developed so that prominent internationally used thermal indices (i.e. Universal Thermal Climate Index and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) could be implemented into operational weather forecasting systems (i.e. the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) whilst also adhering to open research practices. This library will be of benefit to many sectors including meteorology, sport, health and social care, hygiene, agriculture and building. In addition, it could be used in heat early warning systems which, with the right preparedness measures, has the potential to save lives from thermal extremes.

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  • 45.
    Brimicombe, Chloe
    et al.
    Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Reading, England.;European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, England.;Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading, England..
    Lo, Chun Hay Brian
    Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, England..
    Pappenberger, Florian
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, England..
    Di Napoli, Claudia
    Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Reading, England.;Univ Reading, Sch Agr Policy & Dev, Reading, England..
    Maciel, Pedro
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, England..
    Quintino, Tiago
    European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading, England..
    Cornforth, Rosalind
    Univ Reading, Walker Inst, Reading, England..
    Cloke, Hannah L.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Reading, England.; CNDS, Ctr Nat Hazards & Disaster Sci, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Wet Bulb Globe Temperature: Indicating Extreme Heat Risk on a Global Grid2023In: GeoHealth, E-ISSN 2471-1403, Vol. 7, no 2, article id e2022GH000701Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) is an international standard heat index used by the health, industrial, sports, and climate sectors to assess thermal comfort during heat extremes. Observations of its components, the globe and the wet bulb temperature (WBT), are however sparse. Therefore WBGT is difficult to derive, making it common to rely on approximations, such as the ones developed by Liljegren et al. and by the American College of Sports Medicine (WBGT(ACSM87)). In this study, a global data set is created by implementing an updated WBGT method using ECMWF ERA5 gridded meteorological variables and is evaluated against existing WBGT methods. The new method, WBGT(Brimicombe), uses globe temperature calculated using mean radiant temperature and is found to be accurate in comparison to WBGT(Liljegren) across three heatwave case studies. In addition, it is found that WBGT(ACSM87) is not an adequate approximation of WBGT. Our new method is a candidate for a global forecasting early warning system.

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  • 46.
    Brinkhurst, Sean
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION GRIDS OF GOTLAND AND KLINTEHAMN2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change represents a critical threat to electrical infrastructure. With reliance on electricity expected to increase in Sweden due to the transition from fossil fuel based energy to greener energy sources, it is important that the reliability of the electrical grid be upheld. This thesis studies the potential climate affected effects of extreme precipitation, annual average temperature change, water pooling after 100/500-year rains, and sea level rise. The RCP scenarios used for extreme precipitation and temperature change are RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. These climate effects will be studied in this thesis to understand and determine the extent of the climate effects on the electrical grid of Gotland and Klintehamn. The possible issues on infrastructure that can be exacerbated by these climate effects will be presented. This thesis will use spatial analysis to find results using GIS as a tool. GIS will be used to compare the various climate effects over the electrical grid data. Data was received from various sources, extreme precipitation and temperature change were sourced from SMHI, water pooling, and sea level rise were sourced with permission from Region Gotland. The electrical grid data for both Gotland and Klintehamn was received from GEAB, this data is considered nationally sensitive information therefore the location of this data is not shown.

    The results generally show that climate change, no matter the scenario presents a threat to the infrastructure. Although it should be noted as well that the scenario will impact the severity of the effects. RCP 8.5 will likely have more of an effect for both extreme precipitation and temperature than RCP 4.5. Water pooling is expected to have a greater effect on the <20kV lines than on the 70kV infrastructure. Finally, sea level rise is expected to have a much greater effect from 2-meter sea level rise over the 1-meter sea level rise. The overarching theme found is that climate change will have impacts over the electrical grid. 

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  • 47.
    Broome, John
    Uppsala University, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS).
    Climate matters: ethics in a warming world2012Book (Other academic)
  • 48.
    Broome, John
    Uppsala University, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS).
    Social, Economic, and Ethical Concepts and Methods2015In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change / [ed] Ottmar Edenhofer, Ramón Pichs-Madruga, Youba Sokona, Jan C. Minx, Ellie Farahani, Susanne Kadner, Kristin Seyboth, Anna Adler, Ina Baum, Steffen Brunner, Patrick Eickemeier, Benjamin Kriemann, Jussi Savolainen, Steffen Schlömer, Christoph von Stechow, Timm Zwickel, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015, p. 207-282Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This framing chapter has two primary purposes: to provide a frame-work for viewing and understanding the human (social) perspective on climate change, focusing on ethics and economics; and to define and discuss key concepts used in other chapters. It complements the two other framing chapters: Chapter 2 on risk and uncertainty and Chapter 4 on sustainability. The audience for this chapter (indeed for this entire volume) is decision makers at many different levels. The significance of the social dimension and the role of ethics and economics is underscored by Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which indicates that the ultimate objective of the Convention is to avoid dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Two main issues confronting society are: what constitutes ‘dangerous interference’ with the climate system and how to deal with that interference (see box 3.1). Providing information to answer these inter-related questions is a primary purpose of the IPCC. Although natural science helps us understand how emissions can change the climate, and, in turn, generate physical impacts on ecosystems, people, and the physical environment, determining what is dangerous involves judging the level of adverse consequences, the steps necessary to mitigate these consequences, and the risk that humanity is willing to tolerate. These are questions requiring value judgement. Although economics is essential to evaluating the consequences and trade-offs associating with climate change, how society interprets and values them is an ethical question. Our discussion of ethics centres on two main considerations: justice and value. Justice requires that people and nations should receive what they are due, or have a right to. For some, an outcome is just if the process that generated it is just. Others view justice in terms of the actual outcomes enjoyed by different people and groups and the values they place on those outcomes.

  • 49.
    Bylund Melin, Charlotte
    et al.
    Göteborg University.
    Legnér, Mattias
    Gotland University, School of Culture, Energy and Environment.
    Quantification, the link to relate climate-induced damage to indoor environments in historic buildings2013In: Climate for collections: Standards and uncertainties: Postprints of the Munich Climate Conference 7 to 9 November 2012 / [ed] Jonathan Ashley-Smith, Andreas Burmester and Melanie Eibl, 2013, p. 311-323Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes and applies a method to quantify and related damage of painted wooden pulpits in 16 churches in Gotland, Sweden, to both the current and the historical indoor climate of the twentieth century. In addition, it demonstrates that the energy used to heat a church in the past can be measured and the study alsopoints towards a relationship between damage and heat output. The results suggest that more damage is present in churches with a higher heat output and there is increased damage in churches using background heating compared to churches that do not. However, the method needs to be improved and a larger population is required to validate these results.

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  • 50.
    Bäckström, Erika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences.
    The surface energy balance and climate in an urban park and its surroundings2005Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The world’s growing population and the increasing urbanization has made problems related to the urban heat island phenomenon to become more pronounced and since urban parks reduce the stress produced by the urban heat island they can be powerful tools in urban climate design. The temperature near the surface in a park is determined by the energy exchanges between the surface and the air above and it is therefore necessary to understand the surface energy balance of parks to intelligently manage their thermal microclimate. The objectives of this work were to study how the energy balances differ between different surfaces inside parks and in their built-up surroundings and to relate the surface energy balances to temperature differences.

    Measurements were conducted during three clear summer days in the park Humlegården located in central Stockholm. The measuring instruments were mounted on a cart, which was transported from observation site to observation site. The observation sites represented typical surfaces found in an urban park and its surroundings: one shaded and one open grass surface, one open and one shaded gravel surface and two paved surfaces representing streets running in the north-south and east-west directions respectively. The energy fluxes were calculated using air and surface temperatures, wind speed, air humidity and net radiation data.

    The most pronounced differences between the shaded and open surfaces in the park was that the shaded surfaces in general had smaller energy fluxes during daytime and that they had a downward directed sensible heat flux while the open surfaces had an upward directed sensible heat flux during the day. The most significant difference between the grass and the gravel surfaces in the park was that the grass surfaces had a bigger downward directed latent heat flux during the night and a smaller ground heat flux during both day and night. The largest differences between the surfaces inside the park and those in its built-up vicinities were that the paved surfaces had a larger upward directed sensible and ground heat flux during the night than the other surfaces. During the day the north-south directed paved site had a downward directed ground heat flux that was much larger than the ground heat flux for the other sites.

    The coolest site during the night was the non-shaded grass surface, which was the only site with a downward directed sensible heat flux during the night. Compared to the other nonshaded sites the open grass surface had a much smaller ground heat flux. Warmest sites during the night were the paved surfaces, which had a larger upward directed sensible and ground heat flux than the other surfaces. At the built-up sites the walls also contributed with sensible heat flux, i.e. the total sensible heat flux in the built-up area was larger than what comes from the street surface only. During the day the shaded surfaces in the park were the coolest sites. The shaded surfaces had less net radiation compared to the other non-shaded surfaces and were the only sites that had a downward directed sensible heat flux.

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