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  • 1.
    Abrahamsson, Josefine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Biomarkers and age-related diseases: An overview of how biomarkers can be used to prevent age-related diseases2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Medical devices are becoming more and more implemented for use at home and in parallel, the interest from humans in their own health is increasing. Age-related diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and dementia, to name a few, are examples of diseases that with an early diagnosis could be prevented. To find out if there are early indications of the disease in the body, it is necessary to measure biomarkers. These can be measured either invasive or non-invasive and today they are often measurable only clinically at a hospital, but how can people measure these at home by themselves?

    To investigate this, a literature study has been done with focus on age-related diseases. A total of 49 abstracts were read through to determine relevance to the questions of inquiry and three articles were mainly used in the literature study. It was found that there is research focusing on the use of biomarkers to identify and do earlier diagnosing of age-related diseases. Methodology and technology for measuring glucose to identify diabetes are implemented, and a change in lifestyle can prevent a person from being affected by type 2 diabetes. With this knowledge, it is easier to see opportunities for other diseases by using the same type of method and technology further on. A previously conducted study regarding diabetes focus on dietary variations and physical activity for non-diabetic people. Meanwhile in the cancer and dementia area, where the developments are not as successful, the focus is on earlier diagnosing by combining technologies.

    In the future, the technology should be developed so that biomarkers can be used as indicators of the diseases cancer and dementia, and not just as a complement to already applied technology such as imaging techniques that are available today.

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  • 2. Acosta, Oscar
    et al.
    Frimmel, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis.
    Fenster, Aaron
    Ourselin, Sébastien
    Filtering and restoration of structures in 3D ultrasound images2007In: Proc. 4th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE , 2007, p. 888-891Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 3. Acosta, Oscar
    et al.
    Frimmel, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis.
    Fenster, Aaron
    Salvado, Olivier
    Ourselin, Sébastien
    Pyramidal flux in an anisotropic diffusion scheme for enhancing structures in 3D images2008In: Medical Imaging 2008: Image Processing, Bellingham, WA, 2008, p. 691429:1-12Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Adlersson, Albert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Is eXplainable AI suitable as a hypotheses generating tool for medical research? Comparing basic pathology annotation with heat maps to find out2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Hypothesis testing has long been a formal and standardized process. Hypothesis generation, on the other hand, remains largely informal. This thesis assess whether eXplainable AI (XAI) can aid in the standardization of hypothesis generation through its utilization as a hypothesis generating tool for medical research. We produce XAI heat maps for a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained to classify Microsatellite Instability (MSI) in colon and gastric cancer with four different XAI methods: Guided Backpropagation, VarGrad, Grad-CAM and Sobol Attribution. We then compare these heat maps with pathology annotations in order to look for differences to turn into new hypotheses. Our CNN successfully generates non-random XAI heat maps whilst achieving a validation accuracy of 85% and a validation AUC of 93% – as compared to others who achieve a AUC of 87%. Our results conclude that Guided Backpropagation and VarGrad are better at explaining high-level image features whereas Grad-CAM and Sobol Attribution are better at explaining low-level ones. This makes the two groups of XAI methods good complements to each other. Images of Microsatellite Insta- bility (MSI) with high differentiation are more difficult to analyse regardless of which XAI is used, probably due to exhibiting less regularity. Regardless of this drawback, our assessment is that XAI can be used as a useful hypotheses generating tool for research in medicine. Our results indicate that our CNN utilizes the same features as our basic pathology annotations when classifying MSI – with some additional features of basic pathology missing – features which we successfully are able to generate new hypotheses with. 

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    XAI_BachelorThesis
  • 5. Agarwala, Sunita
    et al.
    Nandi, Debashis
    Kumar, Abhishek
    Dhara, Ashis Kumar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Visual Information and Interaction. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction.
    Thakur, Sumitra Basu
    Sadhu, Anup
    Bhadra, Ashok Kumar
    Automated segmentation of lung field in HRCT images using active shape model2017In: Proc. 37th Region 10 Conference, IEEE, 2017, p. 2516-2520Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 6. Agosti, Edoardo
    et al.
    Saraceno, Giorgio
    Rampinelli, Vittorio
    Raffetti, Elena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, LUVAL. Department of Global Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Veiceschi, Pierlorenzo
    Buffoli, Barbara
    Rezzani, Rita
    Giorgianni, Andrea
    Hirtler, Lena
    Alexander, Alex Yohan
    Deganello, Alberto
    Piazza, Cesare
    Nicolai, Piero
    Castelnuovo, Paolo
    Locatelli, Davide
    Peris-Celda, Maria
    Fontanella, Marco Maria
    Doglietto, Francesco
    Quantitative Anatomic Comparison of Endoscopic Transnasal and Microsurgical Transcranial Approaches to the Anterior Cranial Fossa2022In: Operative Neurosurgery, ISSN 2332-4252, E-ISSN 2332-4260, Vol. 23, no 4, p. e256-e266Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: 

    Several microsurgical transcranial approaches (MTAs) and endoscopic transnasal approaches (EEAs) to the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) have been described.

    OBJECTIVE: 

    To provide a preclinical, quantitative, anatomic, comparative analysis of surgical approaches to the ACF.

    METHODS: 

    Five alcohol-fixed specimens underwent high-resolution computed tomography. The following approaches were performed on each specimen: EEAs (transcribriform, transtuberculum, and transplanum), anterior MTAs (transfrontal sinus interhemispheric, frontobasal interhemispheric, and subfrontal with unilateral and bilateral frontal craniotomy), and anterolateral MTAs (supraorbital, minipterional, pterional, and frontotemporal orbitozygomatic approach). An optic neuronavigation system and dedicated software (ApproachViewer, part of GTx-Eyes II—UHN) were used to quantify the working volume of each approach and extrapolate the exposure of different ACF regions. Mixed linear models with random intercepts were used for statistical analyses.

    RESULTS: 

    EEAs offer a large and direct route to the midline region of ACF, whose most anterior structures (ie, crista galli, cribriform plate, and ethmoidal roof) are also well exposed by anterior MTAs, whereas deeper ones (ie, planum sphenoidale and tuberculum sellae) are also well exposed by anterolateral MTAs. The orbital roof region is exposed by both anterolateral and lateral MTAs. The posterolateral region (ie, sphenoid wing and optic canal) is well exposed by anterolateral MTAs.

    CONCLUSION: 

    Anterior and anterolateral MTAs play a pivotal role in the exposure of most anterior and posterolateral ACF regions, respectively, whereas midline regions are well exposed by EEAs. Furthermore, certain anterolateral approaches may be most useful when involvement of the optic canal and nerves involvement are suspected.

  • 7.
    Ahnesjö, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Radiation Science.
    Patient Dose Computation2014In: Comprehensive Biomedical Physics: Volume 9: Radiation Therapy Physics and Treatment Optimization / [ed] Anders Brahme, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2014, p. 235-247Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Various dose calculation methods have been proposed to serve the needs in treatment planning of radiotherapy. Common to these are that they need a patient model to describe the interaction properties of the irradiated tissues, and a sufficiently accurate description of the incident radiation. This chapter starts with a brief review of the contexts in which patient dose calculations may serve, followed by a description of common methods for patient modelling and beam characterization. The focus is on external beam photon, but also partly covers particle beams like electrons and protons. The last section describes common approaches of varying complexity for dose calculations ranging from simple factor based models, more elaborate pencil and point kernel models, and finally summarizes some aspects of Monte Carlo and grid based methods.

  • 8.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Can Bone Void Fillers Carry Load?: Behaviour of Calcium Phosphate Cements Under Different Loading Scenarios2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are used as bone void fillers and as complements to hardware in fracture fixation. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the possibilities and limitations of the CPCs’ mechanical properties, and find out if these ceramic bone cements can carry application-specific loads, alone or as part of a construct. Recently developed experimental brushite and apatite cements were found to have a significantly higher strength in compression, tension and flexion compared to the commercially available CPCs chronOS™ Inject and Norian® SRS®. By using a high-resolution measurement technique the elastic moduli of the CPCs were determined and found to be at least twice as high compared to earlier measurements, and closer to cortical bone than trabecular bone. Using the same method, Poisson's ratio for pure CPCs was determined for the first time. A non-destructive porosity measurement method for wet brushite cements was developed, and subsequently used to study the porosity increase during in vitro degradation. The compressive strength of the experimental brushite cement was still higher than that of trabecular bone after 25 weeks of degradation, showing that the cement can carry high loads over a time span sufficiently long for a fracture to heal. This thesis also presents the first ever fatigue results for acidic CPCs, and confirms the importance of testing the materials under cyclic loading as the cements may fail at stress levels much lower than the material’s quasi-static compressive strength. A decrease in fatigue life was found for brushite cements containing higher amounts of monetite. Increasing porosity and testing in a physiological buffer solution (PBS), rather than air, also decreased the fatigue life. However, the experimental brushite cement had a high probability of surviving loads found in the spine when tested in PBS, which has previously never been accomplished for acidic CPCs. In conclusion, available brushite cements may be able to carry the load alone in scenarios where the cortical shell is intact, the loading is mainly compressive, and the expected maximum stress is below 10 MPa. Under such circumstances this CPC may be the preferred choice over less biocompatible and non-degradable materials.

    List of papers
    1. Mechanical Properties of Brushite Calcium Phosphate Cements
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mechanical Properties of Brushite Calcium Phosphate Cements
    2017 (English)In: The World Scientific Encyclopedia of Nanomedicine and Bioengineering II: Bioimplants, Regenerative Medicine, and Nano-Cancer Diagnosis and Phototherapy: Volume 3: Design of Bioactive Materials for Bone Repair and Regeneration / [ed] Shi, D., Singapore: World Scientific Pte Ltd. , 2017Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Singapore: World Scientific Pte Ltd., 2017
    National Category
    Biomaterials Science Ceramics Medical Materials
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316712 (URN)978-981-4667-58-6 (ISBN)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council, GA 621-2011-6258
    Available from: 2017-03-22 Created: 2017-03-22 Last updated: 2017-03-22
    2. Compressive, diametral tensile and biaxial flexural strength of cutting-edge calcium phosphate cements
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Compressive, diametral tensile and biaxial flexural strength of cutting-edge calcium phosphate cements
    Show others...
    2016 (English)In: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, ISSN 1751-6161, E-ISSN 1878-0180, Vol. 60, p. 617-627Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are widely used in bone repair. Currently there are two main types of CPCs, brushite and apatite. The aim of this project was to evaluate the mechanical properties of particularly promising experimental brushite and apatite formulations in comparison to commercially available brushite- and apatite-based cements (chronOS Inject and Norian® SRS®, respectively), and in particular evaluate the diametral tensile strength and biaxial flexural strength of these cements in both wet and dry conditions for the first time. The cements׳ porosity and their compressive, diametral tensile and biaxial flexural strength were tested in wet (or moist) and dry conditions. The surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Phase composition was assessed with X-ray diffraction. It was found that the novel experimental cements showed better mechanical properties than the commercially available cements, in all loading scenarios. The highest compressive strength (57.2±6.5 MPa before drying and 69.5±6.0 MPa after drying) was found for the experimental brushite cement. This cement also showed the highest wet diametral tensile strength (10.0±0.8 MPa) and wet biaxial flexural strength (30.7±1.8 MPa). It was also the cement that presented the lowest porosity (approx. 12%). The influence of water content was found to depend on cement type, with some cements showing higher mechanical properties after drying and some no difference after drying.

    Keywords
    Calcium phosphate cement; Brushite; Apatite; Compressive strength; Tensile strength; Flexural strength
    National Category
    Ceramics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-284218 (URN)10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.03.028 (DOI)000378969100055 ()27082025 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), IG2011-2047Swedish Research Council, 621-2011-6258
    Available from: 2016-04-15 Created: 2016-04-15 Last updated: 2018-08-10Bibliographically approved
    3. Elastic properties and strain-to-crack-initation of calcium phosphate bone cements: Revelations of a high-resolution measurement technique
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Elastic properties and strain-to-crack-initation of calcium phosphate bone cements: Revelations of a high-resolution measurement technique
    Show others...
    2017 (English)In: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, ISSN 1751-6161, E-ISSN 1878-0180, Vol. 74, p. 428-437Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) should ideally have mechanical properties similar to those of the bone tissue the material is used to replace or repair. Usually, the compressive strength of the CPCs is reported and, more rarely, the elastic modulus. Conversely, scarce or no data are available on Poisson's ratio and strain-to-crack-initiation. This is unfortunate, as data on the elastic response is key to, e.g., numerical model accuracy. In this study, the compressive behaviour of brushite, monetite and apatite cements was fully characterised. Measurement of the surface strains was done using a digital image correlation (DIC) technique, and compared to results obtained with the commonly used built-in displacement measurement of the materials testers. The collected data showed that the use of fixed compression platens, as opposed to spherically seated ones, may in some cases underestimate the compressive strength by up to 40%. Also, the built-in measurements may underestimate the elastic modulus by up to 62% as compared to DIC measurements. Using DIC, the brushite cement was found to be much stiffer (24.3 ± 2.3 GPa) than the apatite (13.5 ± 1.6 GPa) and monetite (7.1 ± 1.0 GPa) cements, and elastic moduli were inversely related to the porosity of the materials. Poisson's ratio was determined to be 0.26 ± 0.02 for brushite, 0.21 ± 0.02 for apatite and 0.20 ± 0.03 for monetite. All investigated CPCs showed low strain-to-crack-initiation (0.17–0.19%). In summary, the elastic modulus of CPCs is substantially higher than previously reported and it is concluded that an accurate procedure is a prerequisite in order to properly compare the mechanical properties of different CPC formulations. It is recommended to use spherically seated platens and measuring the strain at a relevant resolution and on the specimen surface.

    National Category
    Ceramics Medical Materials Biomaterials Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316718 (URN)10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.06.023 (DOI)000410253500046 ()28735216 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), IG2011-2047Swedish Research Council, 621-2011-6258
    Available from: 2017-03-22 Created: 2017-03-22 Last updated: 2017-12-04Bibliographically approved
    4. Evaluation of a porosity measurement method for wet calcium phosphate cements
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluation of a porosity measurement method for wet calcium phosphate cements
    Show others...
    2015 (English)In: Journal of biomaterials applications, ISSN 0885-3282, E-ISSN 1530-8022, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 526-536Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The porosity of a calcium phosphate cement is a key parameter as it affects several important properties of the cement. However, a successful, non-destructive porosity measurement method that does not include drying has not yet been reported for calcium phosphate cements. The aim of this study was to evaluate isopropanol solvent exchange as such a method. Two different types of calcium phosphate cements were used, one basic (hydroxyapatite) and one acidic (brushite). The cements were allowed to set in an aqueous environment and then immersed in isopropanol and stored under three different conditions: at room temperature, at room temperature under vacuum (300 mbar) or at 37􏰀C. The specimen mass was monitored regularly. Solvent exchange took much longer time to reach steady state in hydroxyapatite cements compared to brushite cements, 350 and 18 h, respectively. Furthermore, the immersion affected the quasi-static compressive strength of the hydroxyapatite cements. However, the strength and phase composition of the brushite cements were not affected by isopropanol immersion, suggesting that isopropanol solvent exchange can be used for brushite calcium phosphate cements. The main advantages with this method are that it is non-destructive, fast, easy and the porosity can be evaluated while the cements remain wet, allowing for further analysis on the same specimen. 

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Sage Publications, 2015
    Keywords
    Calcium phosphate, bone cement, porosity, solvent exchange, brushite, hydroxyapatite
    National Category
    Ceramics Biomaterials Science Medical Materials
    Research subject
    Engineering Science with specialization in Materials Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-258636 (URN)10.1177/0885328215594293 (DOI)000367743900003 ()26163278 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), IG2011-2047Swedish Research Council, 621-2011-6258
    Available from: 2015-07-17 Created: 2015-07-17 Last updated: 2017-12-04Bibliographically approved
    5. Long-term in vitro degradation of a high-strength brushite cement in water, PBS, and serum solution
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Long-term in vitro degradation of a high-strength brushite cement in water, PBS, and serum solution
    2015 (English)In: BioMed Research International, ISSN 2314-6133, E-ISSN 2314-6141, article id 575079Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Bone loss and fractures may call for the use of bone substituting materials, such as calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). CPCs can be degradable, and, to determine their limitations in terms of applications, their mechanical as well as chemical properties need to be evaluated over longer periods of time, under physiological conditions. However, there is lack of data on how the in vitro degradation affects high-strength brushite CPCs over longer periods of time, that is, longer than it takes for a bone fracture to heal. This study aimed at evaluating the long-term in vitro degradation properties of a high-strength brushite CPC in three different solutions: water, phosphate buffered saline, and a serum solution. Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the degradation nondestructively, complemented with gravimetric analysis. The compressive strength, chemical composition, and microstructure were also evaluated. Major changes from 10 weeks onwards were seen, in terms of formation of a porous outer layer of octacalcium phosphate on the specimens with a concomitant change in phase composition, increased porosity, decrease in object volume, and mechanical properties. This study illustrates the importance of long-term evaluation of similar cement compositions to be able to predict the material’s physical changes over a relevant time frame. 

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015
    Keywords
    Calcium phosphate, brushite, bone cement, degradation, in vitro, solvent exchange, compressive strength, micro-CT, porosity
    National Category
    Ceramics Bio Materials Biomaterials Science Medical Materials
    Research subject
    Engineering Science with specialization in Materials Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265319 (URN)10.1155/2015/575079 (DOI)000364660000001 ()
    Funder
    The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), IG2011-207Swedish Research Council, 621-2011-6258
    Available from: 2015-10-27 Created: 2015-10-27 Last updated: 2017-12-01Bibliographically approved
    6. Compressive fatigue properties of an acidic calcium phosphate cement—effect of phase composition
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Compressive fatigue properties of an acidic calcium phosphate cement—effect of phase composition
    2017 (English)In: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, ISSN 0957-4530, E-ISSN 1573-4838, Vol. 28, no 3, article id 41Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are synthetic bone grafting materials that can be used in fracture stabilization and to fill bone voids after, e.g., bone tumour excision. Currently there are several calcium phosphate-based formulations available, but their use is partly limited by a lack of knowledge of their mechanical properties, in particular their resistance to mechanical loading over longer periods of time. Furthermore, depending on, e.g., setting conditions, the end product of acidic CPCs may be mainly brushite or monetite, which have been found to behave differently under quasi-static loading. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the compressive fatigue properties of acidic CPCs, as well as the effect of phase composition on these properties. Hence, brushite cements stored for different lengths of time and with different amounts of monetite were investigated under quasi-static and dynamic compression. Both storage and brushite-to-monetite phase transformation was found to have a pronounced effect both on quasi-static compressive strength and fatigue performance of the cements, whereby a substantial phase transformation gave rise to a lower mechanical resistance. The brushite cements investigated in this study had the potential to survive 5 million cycles at a maximum compressive stress of 13 MPa. Given the limited amount of published data on fatigue properties of CPCs, this study provides an important insight into the compressive fatigue behaviour of such materials. 

    Keywords
    Bone cement, brushite, monetite, fatigue, mechanical properties
    National Category
    Ceramics Medical Materials Biomaterials Science
    Research subject
    Engineering Science with specialization in Materials Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314237 (URN)10.1007/s10856-017-5851-5 (DOI)000394242700006 ()28144853 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council, 621-2011-6258
    Available from: 2017-02-03 Created: 2017-01-31 Last updated: 2017-11-29Bibliographically approved
    7. Compressive fatigue properties of a high-strength, degradable calcium phosphate bone cement – influence of porosity and environment
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Compressive fatigue properties of a high-strength, degradable calcium phosphate bone cement – influence of porosity and environment
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Ceramics Medical Materials Biomaterials Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316717 (URN)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council, 621-2011-6258
    Available from: 2017-03-22 Created: 2017-03-22 Last updated: 2017-03-22
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
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    preview image
  • 9.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Acciaioli, Alice
    Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica.
    Lionello, Giacomo
    Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica.
    Ginebra, Maria-Pau
    Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC).
    Öhman, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Baleani, Massimilliano
    Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Elastic properties and strain-to-crack-initation of calcium phosphate bone cements: Revelations of a high-resolution measurement technique2017In: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, ISSN 1751-6161, E-ISSN 1878-0180, Vol. 74, p. 428-437Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) should ideally have mechanical properties similar to those of the bone tissue the material is used to replace or repair. Usually, the compressive strength of the CPCs is reported and, more rarely, the elastic modulus. Conversely, scarce or no data are available on Poisson's ratio and strain-to-crack-initiation. This is unfortunate, as data on the elastic response is key to, e.g., numerical model accuracy. In this study, the compressive behaviour of brushite, monetite and apatite cements was fully characterised. Measurement of the surface strains was done using a digital image correlation (DIC) technique, and compared to results obtained with the commonly used built-in displacement measurement of the materials testers. The collected data showed that the use of fixed compression platens, as opposed to spherically seated ones, may in some cases underestimate the compressive strength by up to 40%. Also, the built-in measurements may underestimate the elastic modulus by up to 62% as compared to DIC measurements. Using DIC, the brushite cement was found to be much stiffer (24.3 ± 2.3 GPa) than the apatite (13.5 ± 1.6 GPa) and monetite (7.1 ± 1.0 GPa) cements, and elastic moduli were inversely related to the porosity of the materials. Poisson's ratio was determined to be 0.26 ± 0.02 for brushite, 0.21 ± 0.02 for apatite and 0.20 ± 0.03 for monetite. All investigated CPCs showed low strain-to-crack-initiation (0.17–0.19%). In summary, the elastic modulus of CPCs is substantially higher than previously reported and it is concluded that an accurate procedure is a prerequisite in order to properly compare the mechanical properties of different CPC formulations. It is recommended to use spherically seated platens and measuring the strain at a relevant resolution and on the specimen surface.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Acciaioli, Alice
    Lionello, Giacomo
    Ginebra, Maria-Pau
    Öhman, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Baleani, Massimiliano
    Compressive strength increase of calcium phosphate bone cements is accompanied by a stiffness increase2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Holmberg, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Öhman, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Fatigue performance of a high-strength, degradable calcium phosphate bone cement2018In: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, ISSN 1751-6161, E-ISSN 1878-0180, Vol. 79, p. 46-52Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are clinically used as injectable materials to fill bone voids and to improve hardware fixation in fracture surgery. In vivo they are dynamically loaded; nonetheless little is known about their fatigue properties. The aim of this study was to, for the first time, investigate the fatigue performance of a high strength, degradable (brushitic) CPC, and also evaluate the effect of cement porosity (by varying the liquid to powder ratio, L/P) and the environment (air at room temperature or in a phosphate buffered saline solution, PBS, at 37 degrees C) on the fatigue life. At a maximum compressive stress level of 15 MPa, the cements prepared with an L/P-ratio of 0.22 and 0.28 ml/g, corresponding to porosities of approximately 12% and 20%, had a 100% probability of survival until run-out of 5 million cycles, in air. When the maximum stress level, or the L/P-ratio, was increased, the probability of survival decreased. Testing in PBS at 37 degrees C led to more rapid failure of the specimens. However, the high-strength cement had a 100% probability of survival up to approximately 2.5 million cycles at a maximum compressive stress level of 10 MPa in PBS, which is substantially higher than some in vivo stress levels, e.g., those found in the spine. At 5 MPa in PBS, all specimens survived to run-out. The results found herein are important if clinical use of the material is to increase, as characterisation of the fatigue performance of CPCs is largely lacking from the literature.

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  • 12.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Holmberg, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Öhman Mägi, Caroline
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Fatigue life of a brushite cement under cyclic compressive loading2017Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Holmberg, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Öhman Mägi, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Long-term degradation of brushite cements in three different liquids2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Holmberg, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Öhman Mägi, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    The influence of porosity on the fatigue properties of brushite cement2016In: Biomaterials for tissue engineering models, 2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Holmberg, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Öhman-Mägi, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Compressive fatigue properties of a high-strength, degradable calcium phosphate bone cement – influence of porosity and environmentManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Lionello, Giacomo
    bLaboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Italy.
    Ginebra, Maria-Pau
    cBiomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia .
    Öhman, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Baleani, Massimiliano
    bLaboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Italy.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Local stiffness measurements in apatite and brushite cements2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Maazouz, Yassine
    Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia .
    Ginebra, Maria-Pau
    Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia .
    Öhman, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    A non-drying porosity evaluation method for calcium phosphate cements2014In: 26th Symposium and Annual Meeting of the International Society for Ceramics in Medicine, 2014, p. 68-68Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Maazouz, Yassine
    Ginebra, Maria-Pau
    Öhman, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Evaluation of a porosity measurement method for wet calcium phosphate cements2015In: Journal of biomaterials applications, ISSN 0885-3282, E-ISSN 1530-8022, Vol. 30, no 5, p. 526-536Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The porosity of a calcium phosphate cement is a key parameter as it affects several important properties of the cement. However, a successful, non-destructive porosity measurement method that does not include drying has not yet been reported for calcium phosphate cements. The aim of this study was to evaluate isopropanol solvent exchange as such a method. Two different types of calcium phosphate cements were used, one basic (hydroxyapatite) and one acidic (brushite). The cements were allowed to set in an aqueous environment and then immersed in isopropanol and stored under three different conditions: at room temperature, at room temperature under vacuum (300 mbar) or at 37􏰀C. The specimen mass was monitored regularly. Solvent exchange took much longer time to reach steady state in hydroxyapatite cements compared to brushite cements, 350 and 18 h, respectively. Furthermore, the immersion affected the quasi-static compressive strength of the hydroxyapatite cements. However, the strength and phase composition of the brushite cements were not affected by isopropanol immersion, suggesting that isopropanol solvent exchange can be used for brushite calcium phosphate cements. The main advantages with this method are that it is non-destructive, fast, easy and the porosity can be evaluated while the cements remain wet, allowing for further analysis on the same specimen. 

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  • 19.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Mechanical Properties of Brushite Calcium Phosphate Cements2017In: The World Scientific Encyclopedia of Nanomedicine and Bioengineering II: Bioimplants, Regenerative Medicine, and Nano-Cancer Diagnosis and Phototherapy: Volume 3: Design of Bioactive Materials for Bone Repair and Regeneration / [ed] Shi, D., Singapore: World Scientific Pte Ltd. , 2017Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Öhman, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Compressive Fatigue Properties of Acidic Calcium Phosphate Cement2014In: Proceedings of 7th World Congress of Biomechanics, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Öhman, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Long-term in vitro degradation of a high-strength brushite cement in water, PBS, and serum solution2015In: BioMed Research International, ISSN 2314-6133, E-ISSN 2314-6141, article id 575079Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bone loss and fractures may call for the use of bone substituting materials, such as calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). CPCs can be degradable, and, to determine their limitations in terms of applications, their mechanical as well as chemical properties need to be evaluated over longer periods of time, under physiological conditions. However, there is lack of data on how the in vitro degradation affects high-strength brushite CPCs over longer periods of time, that is, longer than it takes for a bone fracture to heal. This study aimed at evaluating the long-term in vitro degradation properties of a high-strength brushite CPC in three different solutions: water, phosphate buffered saline, and a serum solution. Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the degradation nondestructively, complemented with gravimetric analysis. The compressive strength, chemical composition, and microstructure were also evaluated. Major changes from 10 weeks onwards were seen, in terms of formation of a porous outer layer of octacalcium phosphate on the specimens with a concomitant change in phase composition, increased porosity, decrease in object volume, and mechanical properties. This study illustrates the importance of long-term evaluation of similar cement compositions to be able to predict the material’s physical changes over a relevant time frame. 

    Download full text (pdf)
    Long-term in vitro degradation of a high-strength brushite cement in water, PBS, and serum solution
  • 22.
    Ajaxon, Ingrid
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Öhman Mägi, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Compressive fatigue properties of an acidic calcium phosphate cement—effect of phase composition2017In: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, ISSN 0957-4530, E-ISSN 1573-4838, Vol. 28, no 3, article id 41Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are synthetic bone grafting materials that can be used in fracture stabilization and to fill bone voids after, e.g., bone tumour excision. Currently there are several calcium phosphate-based formulations available, but their use is partly limited by a lack of knowledge of their mechanical properties, in particular their resistance to mechanical loading over longer periods of time. Furthermore, depending on, e.g., setting conditions, the end product of acidic CPCs may be mainly brushite or monetite, which have been found to behave differently under quasi-static loading. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the compressive fatigue properties of acidic CPCs, as well as the effect of phase composition on these properties. Hence, brushite cements stored for different lengths of time and with different amounts of monetite were investigated under quasi-static and dynamic compression. Both storage and brushite-to-monetite phase transformation was found to have a pronounced effect both on quasi-static compressive strength and fatigue performance of the cements, whereby a substantial phase transformation gave rise to a lower mechanical resistance. The brushite cements investigated in this study had the potential to survive 5 million cycles at a maximum compressive stress of 13 MPa. Given the limited amount of published data on fatigue properties of CPCs, this study provides an important insight into the compressive fatigue behaviour of such materials. 

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  • 23.
    Al Kouatli, Hakim
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology and Functional Materials.
    Achmawi, Mohamed
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology and Functional Materials.
    Utvärdering av en befintlig plattform för neurofeedback med hjälp av open-source EEG2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback in which subjects learn to use the activity of their own electrical brain waves to respond to a visual or auditory feedback from the activity of the brain. This is done by connecting electrodes to the body to get the brain's electrical activity in the form of encephalogram signals (EEG) which are then calculated and converted into useful feedback.The purpose of this work was to evaluate a neurofeedback platform via an OpenBCI open-source EEG technology that could lead to more accessible neurofeedback for society.This study was conducted with different methods where the focus was on testing and data analysis. The study has included a summary of theory used in neurofeedback, a comprehensive pilot study on an 8-channel open-source EEG neurofeedback platform and some of the ethical aspects behind the technology used and neurofeedback in Sweden. During the work, two different experts were interviewed: Gunilla Radu, founder and owner of Nordic Center of Neurofeedback AB and Jan Rutkowski, who is an engineer in medical engineering at the Uppsala Hospital.The tests with 8-channel EEG with an OpenBCI hardware and software show results from three subjects. The answers from a follow-up survey that subjects were allowed to answer are presented in the report. This was used as an evaluation of the tests performed. The aim of the tests was to give Biohackeri an opportunity to see the potential for a neurofeedback platform and to create a basis for further development of such a platform. The result indicates that a measurement of the brain activity at rest with the technology from OpenBCI shows a higher concentration level in the human body with open eyes compared to closed eyes. In addition, a higher level of relaxation is noticed when resting with eyes closed compared to eyes open. Answers from the survey show that what is important to the test subjects is, among other things, the convenience while testing the technology. In terms of requirements and rules that Neurofeedback therapists must meet, it turned out that in Sweden therapists do not need to have a specific background or education. There are ethical perspectives that Neurofeedback therapists may consider in implementing Neurofeedback Therapy.The conclusion of this project is that the tested 8-channel EEG equipment gives a result that agrees with the presented theory. Thus, a Neurofeedback platform could be built on the commercially available open-source technology, such as the technology from OpenBCI.

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    Utvärdering av en befintlig plattform för neurofeedback med hjälp av open-source EEG
  • 24.
    Allalou, Amin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Centre for Image Analysis. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction.
    Methods for 2D and 3D Quantitative Microscopy of Biological Samples2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    New microscopy techniques are continuously developed, resulting in more rapid acquisition of large amounts of data. Manual analysis of such data is extremely time-consuming and many features are difficult to quantify without the aid of a computer. But with automated image analysis biologists can extract quantitative measurements and increases throughput significantly, which becomes particularly important in high-throughput screening (HTS). This thesis addresses automation of traditional analysis of cell data as well as automation of both image capture and analysis in zebrafish high-throughput screening. 

    It is common in microscopy images to stain the nuclei in the cells, and to label the DNA and proteins in different ways. Padlock-probing and proximity ligation are highly specific detection methods that  produce point-like signals within the cells. Accurate signal detection and segmentation is often a key step in analysis of these types of images. Cells in a sample will always show some degree of variation in DNA and protein expression and to quantify these variations each cell has to be analyzed individually. This thesis presents development and evaluation of single cell analysis on a range of different types of image data. In addition, we present a novel method for signal detection in three dimensions. 

    HTS systems often use a combination of microscopy and image analysis to analyze cell-based samples. However, many diseases and biological pathways can be better studied in whole animals, particularly those that involve organ systems and multi-cellular interactions. The zebrafish is a widely-used vertebrate model of human organ function and development. Our collaborators have developed a high-throughput platform for cellular-resolution in vivo chemical and genetic screens on zebrafish larvae. This thesis presents improvements to the system, including accurate positioning of the fish which incorporates methods for detecting regions of interest, making the system fully automatic. Furthermore, the thesis describes a novel high-throughput tomography system for screening live zebrafish in both fluorescence and bright field microscopy. This 3D imaging approach combined with automatic quantification of morphological changes enables previously intractable high-throughput screening of vertebrate model organisms.

    List of papers
    1. A detailed analysis of 3D subcellular signal localization
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A detailed analysis of 3D subcellular signal localization
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    2009 (English)In: Cytometry Part A, ISSN 1552-4922, Vol. 75A, no 4, p. 319-328Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Detection and localization of fluorescent signals in relation to other subcellular structures is an important task in various biological studies. Many methods for analysis of fluorescence microscopy image data are limited to 2D. As cells are in fact 3D structures, there is a growing need for robust methods for analysis of 3D data. This article presents an approach for detecting point-like fluorescent signals and analyzing their subnuclear position. Cell nuclei are delineated using marker-controlled (seeded) 3D watershed segmentation. User-defined object and background seeds are given as input, and gradient information defines merging and splitting criteria. Point-like signals are detected using a modified stable wave detector and localized in relation to the nuclear membrane using distance shells. The method was applied to a set of biological data studying the localization of Smad2-Smad4 protein complexes in relation to the nuclear membrane. Smad complexes appear as early as 1 min after stimulation while the highest signal concentration is observed 45 min after stimulation, followed by a concentration decrease. The robust 3D signal detection and concentration measures obtained using the proposed method agree with previous observations while also revealing new information regarding the complex formation.

    Keywords
    3D image analysis, fluorescence signal segmentation, subcellular positioning, Smad detection
    National Category
    Computer and Information Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-98014 (URN)10.1002/cyto.a.20663 (DOI)000264513800006 ()
    Available from: 2009-02-05 Created: 2009-02-05 Last updated: 2018-01-13Bibliographically approved
    2. Single-cell A3243G mitochondrial DNA mutation load assays for segregation analysis
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Single-cell A3243G mitochondrial DNA mutation load assays for segregation analysis
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    2007 (English)In: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, ISSN 0022-1554, E-ISSN 1551-5044, Vol. 55, no 11, p. 1159-1166Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an important underlying pathogenic factor in mtDNA mutation accumulation in mitochondrial diseases and aging, but the molecular mechanisms of mtDNA segregation are elusive. Lack of high-throughput single-cell mutation load assays lies at the root of the paucity of studies in which, at the single-cell level, mitotic mtDNA segregation patterns have been analyzed. Here we describe development of a novel fluorescence-based, non-gel PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism method for single-cell A3243G mtDNA mutation load measurement. Results correlated very well with a quantitative in situ Padlock/rolling circle amplification–based genotyping method. In view of the throughput and accuracy of both methods for single-cell A3243G mtDNA mutation load determination, we conclude that they are well suited for segregation analysis.

    Keywords
    A3243G mtDNA, Aging, Heteroplasmy, Mitochondrial diseases, Mutation load, Padlock probing, PCR-RFLP, Segregation
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-12658 (URN)10.1369/jhc.7A7282.2007 (DOI)000250320100009 ()17679731 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2008-01-09 Created: 2008-01-09 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
    3. BlobFinder, a tool for fluorescence microscopy image cytometry
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>BlobFinder, a tool for fluorescence microscopy image cytometry
    2009 (English)In: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, ISSN 0169-2607, E-ISSN 1872-7565, Vol. 94, no 1, p. 58-65Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Images can be acquired at high rates with modern fluorescence microscopy hardware, giving rise to a demand for high-speed analysis of image data. Digital image cytometry, i.e., automated measurements and extraction of quantitative data from images of cells, provides valuable information for many types of biomedical analysis. There exists a number of different image analysis software packages that can be programmed to perform a wide array of useful measurements. However, the multi-application capability often compromises the simplicity of the tool. Also, the gain in speed of analysis is often compromised by time spent learning complicated software. We provide a free software called BlobFinder that is intended for a limited type of application, making it easy to use, easy to learn and optimized for its particular task. BlobFinder can perform batch processing of image data and quantify as well as localize cells and point like source signals in fluorescence microscopy images, e.g., from FISH, in situ PLA and padlock probing, in a fast and easy way.

    Keywords
    Image cytometry, Single cell analysis, FISH, Software
    National Category
    Computer Vision and Robotics (Autonomous Systems)
    Research subject
    Computerized Image Analysis
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-87971 (URN)10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.08.006 (DOI)000264282400006 ()18950895 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2009-01-22 Created: 2009-01-16 Last updated: 2018-06-26Bibliographically approved
    4. Robust signal detection in 3D fluorescence microscopy
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Robust signal detection in 3D fluorescence microscopy
    2010 (English)In: Cytometry. Part A, ISSN 1552-4922, Vol. 77A, no 1, p. 86-96Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Robust detection and localization of biomolecules inside cells is of great importance to better understand the functions related to them. Fluorescence microscopy and specific staining methods make biomolecules appear as point-like signals on image data, often acquired in 3D. Visual detection of such point-like signals can be time consuming and problematic if the 3D images are large, containing many, sometimes overlapping, signals. This sets a demand for robust automated methods for accurate detection of signals in 3D fluorescence microscopy. We propose a new 3D point-source signal detection method that is based on Fourier series. The method consists of two parts, a detector, which is a cosine filter to enhance the point-like signals, and a verifier, which is a sine filter to validate the result from the detector. Compared to conventional methods, our method shows better robustness to noise and good ability to resolve signals that are spatially close. Tests on image data show that the method has equivalent accuracy in signal detection in comparison to Visual detection by experts. The proposed method can be used as an efficient point-like signal detection tool for various types of biological 3D image data.

    National Category
    Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-98015 (URN)10.1002/cyto.a.20795 (DOI)000273384700011 ()
    Available from: 2009-02-05 Created: 2009-02-05 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
    5. High-throughput in vivo optical projection tomography of small vertebrates
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>High-throughput in vivo optical projection tomography of small vertebrates
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    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159203 (URN)
    Available from: 2011-09-25 Created: 2011-09-25 Last updated: 2011-11-04
    6. Fully automated cellular-resolution vertebrate screening platform with parallel animal processing
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fully automated cellular-resolution vertebrate screening platform with parallel animal processing
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    2012 (English)In: Lab on a Chip, ISSN 1473-0197, E-ISSN 1473-0189, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 711-716Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The zebrafish larva is an optically-transparent vertebrate model with complex organs that is widelyused to study genetics, developmental biology, and to model various human diseases. In this article, wepresent a set of novel technologies that significantly increase the throughput and capabilities of ourpreviously described vertebrate automated screening technology (VAST). We developed a robustmulti-thread system that can simultaneously process multiple animals. System throughput is limitedonly by the image acquisition speed rather than by the fluidic or mechanical processes. We developedimage recognition algorithms that fully automate manipulation of animals, including orienting andpositioning regions of interest within the microscope’s field of view. We also identified the optimalcapillary materials for high-resolution, distortion-free, low-background imaging of zebrafish larvae.

    National Category
    Computer Vision and Robotics (Autonomous Systems)
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159202 (URN)10.1039/c1lc20849g (DOI)000299380800007 ()
    Available from: 2011-09-25 Created: 2011-09-25 Last updated: 2018-01-12Bibliographically approved
    7. Image based measurements of single cell mtDNA mutation load MTD 2007
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Image based measurements of single cell mtDNA mutation load MTD 2007
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    2007 (English)In: Medicinteknikdagarna 2007, 2007Conference paper, Published paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Cell cultures as well as cells in tissue always display a certain degree of variability,and measurements based on cell averages will miss important information contained in a heterogeneous population. These differences among cells in a population may be essential to quantify when looking at, e.g., protein expression and mutations in tumor cells which often show high degree of heterogeneity.

    Single nucleotide mutations in the mithochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can accumulate and later be present in large proportions of the mithocondria causing devastating diseases. To study mtDNA accumulation and segregation one needs to measure the amount of mtDNA mutations in each cell in multiple serial cell culture passages. The different degrees of mutation in a cell culture can be quantified by making measurements on individual cells as an alternative to looking at an average of a population. Fluorescence microscopy in combination with automated digital image analysis provides an efficient approach to this type of single cell analysis.

    Image analysis software for these types of applications are often complicated and not easy to use for persons lacking extensive knowledge in image analysis, e.g., laboratory personnel. This paper presents a user friendly implementation of an automated method for image based measurements of mtDNA mutations in individual cells detected with padlock probes and rolling-circle amplification (RCA). The mitochondria are present in the cell’s cytoplasm, and here each cytoplasm has to be delineated without the presence of a cytoplasmic stain. Three different methods for segmentation of cytoplasms are compared and it is shown that automated cytoplasmic delineation can be performed 30 times faster than manual delineation, with an accuracy as high as 87%. The final image based measurements of mitochondrial mutation load are also compared to, and show high agreement with, measurements made using biochemical techniques.

    National Category
    Other Computer and Information Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-12745 (URN)
    Available from: 2008-01-11 Created: 2008-01-11 Last updated: 2018-01-12Bibliographically approved
    8. Increasing the dynamic range of in situ PLA
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Increasing the dynamic range of in situ PLA
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    2011 (English)In: Nature Methods, ISSN 1548-7091, E-ISSN 1548-7105, Vol. 8, no 11, p. 892-893Article in journal, Editorial material (Refereed) Published
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159199 (URN)10.1038/nmeth.1743 (DOI)000296891800004 ()
    Available from: 2011-09-25 Created: 2011-09-25 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
    9. High-throughput cellular-resolution in vivo vertebrate screening
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>High-throughput cellular-resolution in vivo vertebrate screening
    Show others...
    2011 (English)In: Proc. 15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, 2011Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    National Category
    Medical Image Processing
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159201 (URN)
    Available from: 2011-09-25 Created: 2011-09-25 Last updated: 2011-11-04
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Allalou, Amin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Centre for Image Analysis. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction.
    Curic, Vladimir
    Pardo-Martin, Carlos
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
    Yanik, Mehmet Fatih
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
    Wählby, Carolina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Centre for Image Analysis. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction.
    Approaches for increasing throughput andinformation content of image-based zebrafishscreens2011In: Proceeding of SSBA 2011, 2011Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Microscopy in combination with image analysis has emerged as one of the most powerful and informativeways to analyze cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) samples in experiments designed to uncover novel drugs and drug targets. However, many diseases and biological pathways can be better studied in whole animals, particularly diseases and pathways that involve organ systems and multicellular interactions, such as organ development, neuronal degeneration and regeneration, cancer metastasis, infectious disease progression and pathogenesis. The zebrafish is a wide-spread and popular vertebrate model of human organfunction and development, and it is unique in the sense that large-scale in vivo genetic and chemical studies are feasible due in part to its small size, optical transparency,and aquatic habitat. To improve the throughput and complexity of zebrafish screens, a high-throughput platform for cellular-resolution in vivo chemical and genetic screens on zebrafish larvae has been developed at Yanik lab at Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, USA. The system loads live zebrafish from reservoirs or multiwell plates, positions and rotates them for high-speed confocal imaging of organs,and dispenses the animals without damage. We present two improvements to the described system, including automation of positioning of the animals and a novel approach for brightfield microscopy tomographic imaging of living animals.

  • 26.
    Allalou, Amin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Visual Information and Interaction. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction.
    Wu, Yuelong
    Ghannad-Rezaie, Mostafa
    Eimon, Peter M.
    Yanik, Mehmet Fatih
    Automated deep-phenotyping of the vertebrate brain2017In: eLIFE, E-ISSN 2050-084X, Vol. 6, article id e23379Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Alyounes, Qsai
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Razan, Alkari
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Characterization of monkey fat tissues: To assist their viability for fat intra-body communication as an early step of non-human primate testing (NHP)2022Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Fat intra-body communication is a newly proven concept that is built on using human fat tissues as a communication channel for electromagnetic waves inside the body. This allows for two implanted external devices to connect through an intra-body closed-loop communication channel. This concept utilizes the fact that the fat tissues have low dielectric properties and are located between two tissue layers, skin and muscle, which have high dielectric permittivity and high loss tangent so that the signal propagates and confines with lower losses within the fat tissue. In this study, the eligibility of using monkey fat tissues as a communication channel for intra-body communication is being investigated. This comes as a first step in a long process of testing implementing medical devices, mainly prosthetic limbs, on non-human primates using fat-IBC at microwave frequencies. To be able to do that, an experimental characterization of ex-vivo monkey fat, skin, and muscle tissues to explore their dielectric properties compared to those of humans is being carried out. This study of the dielectric properties of monkey tissues is the first of its kind to be carried out on two samples of ex-vivo monkey tissues. Calf tissues have also been investigated in the study to get an insight on the potential differences between human and non-human body tissues in general before doing measurements on monkey tissues. For the measurements, an RF network analyzer and an open-ended coaxial probe method have been implemented. Phantoms that mimic the human tissues have been fabricated to be used as a reference point. The initial investigation demonstrates that calf fat tissues have much higher dielectric properties than human fat tissues. Monkey fat, muscle, and skin tissues showed many similarities to human tissues regarding their dielectric properties. This indicates that monkey tissues can be used for fat intra-body communication. Future numerical and analytical modeling of the monkey tissues needs to be conducted to confirm and strengthen this finding.

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  • 28.
    Andersson, Axel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division Vi3.
    Diego, Ferran
    HCI/IWR and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg.
    Hamprecht, Fred A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division Vi3. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. HCI/IWR and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg.
    Wählby, Carolina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division Vi3.
    ISTDECO: In Situ Transcriptomics Decoding by DeconvolutionManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In Situ Transcriptomics (IST) is a set of image-based transcriptomics approaches that enables localisation of gene expression directly in tissue samples. IST techniques produce multiplexed image series in which fluorescent spots are either present or absent across imaging rounds and colour channels. A spot’spresence and absence form a type of barcoded pattern that labels a particular type of mRNA. Therefore, the expression of agene can be determined by localising the fluorescent spots and decode the barcode that they form. Existing IST algorithms usually do this in two separate steps: spot localisation and barcode decoding. Although these algorithms are efficient, they are limited by strictly separating the localisation and decoding steps. This limitation becomes apparent in regions with low signal-to-noise ratio or high spot densities. We argue that an improved gene expression decoding can be obtained by combining these two steps into a single algorithm. This allows for an efficient decoding that is less sensitive to noise and optical crowding. We present IST Decoding by Deconvolution (ISTDECO), a principled decoding approach combining spectral and spatial deconvolution into a single algorithm. We evaluate ISTDECOon simulated data, as well as on two real IST datasets, and compare with state-of-the-art. ISTDECO achieves state-of-the-art performance despite high spot densities and low signal-to-noise ratios. It is easily implemented and runs efficiently using a GPU.ISTDECO implementation, datasets and demos are available online at: github.com/axanderssonuu/istdeco

  • 29.
    Andersson, Helena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Systems and Control.
    Individualized mathematical modeling of neural activation in electric field2017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a treatment of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Today it has been used in more than 80.000 patients. Electrical stimulation is administered by an implanted pulse generator through an electrode surgically placed in a target brain area specific to the treated disease. Opposed to alternative purely surgical treatment procedures, DBS is reversible and can be turned off.

    In this project, the aim is to individualise an already existing computational model of DBS, but also to look at optimisation of the treatment by developing a neuron model. It has been executed the following way. To localise the target area for the electrode, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used. An MRI image consists of volume elements called voxels. By analysing these voxels, it is possible to set up a coordinate system for the position of different parts of the brain. To build up an individualised model of the DBS, an MRI image is segmented into tissues of different conductivity thus resulting in a more accurate description of the electrical field around the electrode. To visualize the stimuli coverage for the medical staff, the MRI image of the target area, the electrode, and the electrical field produced by the stimuli are depicted in the same figure. From the results, we can draw the conclusion that this method works well for individualising the computational model of DBS, but it has only been used on one MRI scan so far so it needs further testing to obtain more data to compare with.

    The neuron model is a temporospatial mathematical model of a single neuron for the prediction of activation by a given electrically applied field generated by a DBS lead. The activation model is intended to be part of a patient-specific model of an already existing computational model of DBS. The model originate from a neuron model developed by Hodgkin and Huxley (HH). The original HH model only takes into account one compartment and, to make the neuron model more accurate, it is combined with a cable model. The simulation results obtained with the model have been validated against an established and widely accepted neuron model. The results correlated highly to each other with only minor differences. To see how position and orientation impact on activation, the developed HH model was tested for different pulse widths, distances from the lead, and rotations of the neuron relative to the lead. A larger pulse width makes activation more likely and so does a larger amplitude. Thicker neurons are more likely to get activated, neurons closer to the lead and also neurons perpendicular to the lead. From the results we can draw the conclusion that this method is a good way to stimulate neural activation of a single neuron. In future research, it might be possible to compare results from the neuron model with patient's response to treatment.

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  • 30.
    Andersson, Jonathan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology.
    Water–fat separation in magnetic resonance imaging and its application in studies of brown adipose tissue2019Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Virtually all the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal of a human originates from water and fat molecules. By utilizing the property chemical shift the signal can be separated, creating water- and fat-only images. From these images it is possible to calculate quantitative fat fraction (FF) images, where the value of each voxel is equal to the percentage of its signal originating from fat. In papers I and II methods for water–fat signal separation are presented and evaluated.

    The method in paper I utilizes a graph-cut to separate the signal and was designed to perform well even for a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The method was shown to perform as well as previous methods at high SNRs, and better at low SNRs.

    The method presented in paper II uses convolutional neural networks to perform the signal separation. The method was shown to perform similarly to a previous method using a graph-cut when provided non-undersampled input data. Furthermore, the method was shown to be able to separate the signal using undersampled data. This may allow for accelerated MRI scans in the future.

    Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ with the main purpose of expending chemical energy to prevent the body temperature from falling too low. Its energy expending capability makes it a potential target for treating overweight/obesity and metabolic dysfunctions, such as type 2 diabetes. The most well-established way of estimating the metabolic potential of BAT is through measuring glucose uptake using 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) during cooling. This technique exposes subjects to potentially harmful ionizing radiation, and alternative methods are desired. One alternative method is measuring the BAT FF using MRI.

    In paper III the BAT FF in 7-year olds was shown to be negatively associated with blood serum levels of the bone-specific protein osteocalcin and, after correction for adiposity, thigh muscle volume. This may have implications for how BAT interacts with both bone and muscle tissue.

    In paper IV the glucose uptake of BAT during cooling of adult humans was measured using 18F-FDG PET. Additionally, their BAT FF was measured using MRI, and their skin temperature during cooling near a major BAT depot was measured using infrared thermography (IRT). It was found that both the BAT FF and the temperature measured using IRT correlated with the BAT glucose uptake, meaning these measurements could be potential alternatives to 18F-FDG PET in future studies of BAT.

    List of papers
    1. Water-fat separation incorporating spatial smoothing is robust to noise
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Water-fat separation incorporating spatial smoothing is robust to noise
    2018 (English)In: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ISSN 0730-725X, E-ISSN 1873-5894, Vol. 50, p. 78-83, article id S0730-725X(18)30040-7Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a noise-robust method for reconstruction of water and fat images for spoiled gradient multi-echo sequences.

    METHODS: The proposed method performs water-fat separation by using a graph cut to minimize an energy function consisting of unary and binary terms. Spatial smoothing is incorporated to increase robustness to noise. The graph cut can fail to find a solution covering the entire image, in which case the relative weighting of the unary term is iteratively increased until a complete solution is found. The proposed method was compared to two previously published methods. Reconstructions were performed on 16 cases taken from the 2012 ISMRM water-fat reconstruction challenge dataset, for which reference reconstructions were provided. Robustness towards noise was evaluated by reconstructing images with different levels of noise added. The percentage of water-fat swaps were calculated to measure performance.

    RESULTS: At low noise levels the proposed method produced similar results to one of the previously published methods, while outperforming the other. The proposed method significantly outperformed both of the previously published methods at moderate and high noise levels.

    CONCLUSION: By incorporating spatial smoothing, an increased robustness towards noise is achieved when performing water-fat reconstruction of spoiled gradient multi-echo sequences.

    Keywords
    Chemical shift imaging, Dixon, Graph cuts, Multi-scale, Quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimization, Water-fat separation
    National Category
    Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-347450 (URN)10.1016/j.mri.2018.03.015 (DOI)000434750700011 ()29601865 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council, 2016-01040
    Available from: 2018-04-03 Created: 2018-04-03 Last updated: 2019-08-14Bibliographically approved
    2. Separation of water and fat signal in whole-body gradient echo scans using convolutional neural networks
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Separation of water and fat signal in whole-body gradient echo scans using convolutional neural networks
    2019 (English)In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, ISSN 0740-3194, E-ISSN 1522-2594, Vol. 82, no 3, p. 1177-1186Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To perform and evaluate water–fat signal separation of whole‐body gradient echo scans using convolutional neural networks.

    Methods: Whole‐body gradient echo scans of 240 subjects, each consisting of 5 bipolar echoes, were used. Reference fat fraction maps were created using a conventional method. Convolutional neural networks, more specifically 2D U‐nets, were trained using 5‐fold cross‐validation with 1 or several echoes as input, using the squared difference between the output and the reference fat fraction maps as the loss function. The outputs of the networks were assessed by the loss function, measured liver fat fractions, and visually. Training was performed using a graphics processing unit (GPU). Inference was performed using the GPU as well as a central processing unit (CPU).

    Results: The loss curves indicated convergence, and the final loss of the validation data decreased when using more echoes as input. The liver fat fractions could be estimated using only 1 echo, but results were improved by use of more echoes. Visual assessment found the quality of the outputs of the networks to be similar to the reference even when using only 1 echo, with slight improvements when using more echoes. Training a network took at most 28.6 h. Inference time of a whole‐body scan took at most 3.7 s using the GPU and 5.8 min using the CPU.

    Conclusion: It is possible to perform water–fat signal separation of whole‐body gradient echo scans using convolutional neural networks. Separation was possible using only 1 echo, although using more echoes improved the results.

    Keywords
    Dixon, convolutional neural network, deep learning, magnetic resonance imaging, neural network, water-fat separation
    National Category
    Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382933 (URN)10.1002/mrm.27786 (DOI)000485077600026 ()31033022 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council, 2016-01040
    Available from: 2019-05-07 Created: 2019-05-07 Last updated: 2019-10-15Bibliographically approved
    3. MRI estimates of brown adipose tissue in children - Associations to adiposity, osteocalcin, and thigh muscle volume
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>MRI estimates of brown adipose tissue in children - Associations to adiposity, osteocalcin, and thigh muscle volume
    Show others...
    2019 (English)In: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ISSN 0730-725X, E-ISSN 1873-5894, Vol. 58, p. 135-142Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Context: Brown adipose tissue is of metabolic interest. The tissue is however poorly explored in children.

    Methods: Sixty-three 7-year old subjects from the Swedish birth-cohort Halland Health and Growth Study were recruited. Care was taken to include both normal weight and overweight children, but the subjects were otherwise healthy. Only children born full term were included. Water-fat separated whole-body MRI scans, anthropometric measurements, and measurements of fasting glucose and levels of energy homeostasis related hormones, including the insulin-sensitizer osteocalcin, were performed. The fat fraction (FF) and effective transverse relaxation time (T-2(star)) of suspected brown adipose tissue in the cervical-supraclavicular-axillary fat depot (sBAT) and the FFs of abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured. Volumes of sBAT, abdominal VAT and SAT, and thigh muscle volumes were measured.

    Results: The FF in the sBAT depot was lower than in VAT and SAT for all children. In linear correlations including sex and age as explanatory variables, sBAT FF correlated positively with all measures of adiposity (p < 0.01), except for VAT FF and weight, positively with sBAT T-2* (p = 0.036), and negatively with osteocalcin (p = 0.017). When adding measures of adiposity as explanatory variables, sBAT FF also correlated negatively with thigh muscle volume (p < 0.01).

    Conclusions: Whole-body water-fat MRI of children allows for measurements of sBAT. The FF of sBAT was lower than that of VAT and SAT, indicating presence of BAT. Future studies could confirm whether the observed correlations corresponds to a hormonally active BAT.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2019
    Keywords
    Brown adipose tissue, Magnetic resonance imaging, Adiposity, Osteocalcin, Muscle volume, Quantitative MRI
    National Category
    Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-380416 (URN)10.1016/j.mri.2019.02.001 (DOI)000461412300018 ()30742901 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council, 2013-3013Swedish Research Council, 2016-01040Region Västra Götaland
    Available from: 2019-04-02 Created: 2019-04-02 Last updated: 2019-08-14Bibliographically approved
    4. Estimating the cold-induced brown adipose tissue glucose uptake rate measured by 18F-FDG PET using infrared thermography and water-fat separated MRI
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Estimating the cold-induced brown adipose tissue glucose uptake rate measured by 18F-FDG PET using infrared thermography and water-fat separated MRI
    Show others...
    2019 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 9, article id 12358Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Brown adipose tissue (BAT) expends chemical energy to produce heat, which makes it a potential therapeutic target for combating metabolic dysfunction and overweight/obesity by increasing its metabolic activity. The most well-established method for measuring BAT metabolic activity is glucose uptake rate (GUR) measured using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). However, this is expensive and exposes the subjects to potentially harmful radiation. Cheaper and safer methods are warranted for large-scale or longitudinal studies. Potential alternatives include infrared thermography (IRT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to evaluate and further develop these techniques. Twelve healthy adult subjects were studied. The BAT GUR was measured using 18F-FDG PET during individualized cooling. The temperatures of the supraclavicular fossae and a control region were measured using IRT during a simple cooling protocol. The fat fraction and effective transverse relaxation rate of BAT were measured using MRI without any cooling intervention. Simple and multiple linear regressions were employed to evaluate how well the MRI and IRT measurements could estimate the GUR. Results showed that both IRT and MRI measurements correlated with the GUR. This suggest that these measurements may be suitable for estimating the cold-induced BAT GUR in future studies.

    Keywords
    brown adipose tissue, 18F-FDG positron emission tomography, infrared thermography, magnetic resonance imagingm PET/MRI, water–fat signal separation
    National Category
    Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
    Research subject
    Radiology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390410 (URN)10.1038/s41598-019-48879-7 (DOI)000482564800014 ()31451711 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council, 2016-01040Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, 2170492EXODIAB - Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden
    Available from: 2019-08-09 Created: 2019-08-09 Last updated: 2022-09-15Bibliographically approved
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  • 31.
    Andersson, Martin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microsystems Technology.
    Klintberg, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microsystems Technology.
    Svensson, karolina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microsystems Technology.
    Södergren, Simon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microsystems Technology.
    Hjort, Klas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microsystems Technology.
    Microfluidics for High-Pressure Analyses2018In: 12th Micronano System Workshop (MSW 2018, May 14-15, 2018, Espoo, Finland) / [ed] Samilu Fransilla, 2018, p. 8-8Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When using appropriate materials and microfabrication techniques, the small dimensionsand mechanical stability of microstructured devices allow for processes at high pressureswithout loss in safety. The largest area of applications has been demonstrated in chemistry,where extraction, synthesis and analyses often excel at high densities and high temperatures.These two parameters are accessible through high pressures. Capillary chemistry has beenused since long but, just like in low-pressure applications, there are several advantages in usingmicrofluidic platforms for control of reactions, catalysis, mixing and separation. For example,planar isothermal set-ups, large local variations in geometries, dense form factors, small deadvolumes and precisely positioned microstructures.In analytical systems, we are studying high-pressure components and microsystems forsampling, sample preparation, analyses and fractionation. We will present what drives ourresearch and development: Our experimental set-up with high-pressure pumps, high-speedcamera, sensors, valves, piston-chambers, backpressure regulators, cooling table, etc. How wehave built capability in pumping and valving by the use of stainless steel and paraffinactuation. How we are making high pressure silicon-glass and glass-glass chips with integratedelectrical thin film sensors, using printed circuit boards to ease handling of the chips andintegrating modules. A set of relevant publications are listed below.

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    Hjort-MSW2018
  • 32.
    Andrade-Loarca, Hector
    et al.
    Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Dept Math, D-80333 Munich, Germany..
    Kutyniok, Gitta
    Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Dept Math, D-80333 Munich, Germany.;Univ Tromso, Dept Phys & Technol, N-9019 Tromso, Norway..
    Öktem, Ozan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Scientific Computing. KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Math, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Petersen, Philipp
    Univ Vienna, Fac Math, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.;Univ Vienna, Res Network Data Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria..
    Deep microlocal reconstruction for limited-angle tomography2022In: Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, ISSN 1063-5203, E-ISSN 1096-603X, Vol. 59, p. 155-197Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a deep-learning-based algorithm to jointly solve a reconstruction problem and a wavefront set extraction problem in tomographic imaging. The algorithm is based on a recently developed digital wavefront set extractor as well as the well-known microlocal canonical relation for the Radon transform. We use the wavefront set information about x-ray data to improve the reconstruction by requiring that the underlying neural networks simultaneously extract the correct ground truth wavefront set and ground truth image. As a necessary theoretical step, we identify the digital microlocal canonical relations for deep convolutional residual neural networks. We find strong numerical evidence for the effectiveness of this approach.

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  • 33.
    Anklin, Valentin
    et al.
    IBM Research-Europe, Zurich, Switzerland;ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Pati, Pushpak
    IBM Research-Europe, Zurich, Switzerland;ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Jaume, Guillaume
    IBM Research-Europe, Zurich, Switzerland;EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Bozorgtabar, Behzad
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Foncubierta-Rodriguez, Antonio
    IBM Research-Europe, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Thiran, Jean-Philippe
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Sibony, Mathilde
    Cochin Hospital, Paris, France;University of Paris, Paris, France.
    Gabrani, Maria
    IBM Research-Europe, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Goksel, Orcun
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction. ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Learning Whole-Slide Segmentation from Inexact and Incomplete Labels Using Tissue Graphs2021In: Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention: MICCAI 2021, Cham: Springer Nature, 2021, p. 636-646Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Segmenting histology images into diagnostically relevant regions is imperative to support timely and reliable decisions by pathologists. To this end, computer-aided techniques have been proposed to delineate relevant regions in scanned histology slides. However, the techniques necessitate task-specific large datasets of annotated pixels, which is tedious, time-consuming, expensive, and infeasible to acquire for many histology tasks. Thus, weakly-supervised semantic segmentation techniques are proposed to leverage weak supervision which is cheaper and quicker to acquire. In this paper, we propose SEGGINI, a weakly-supervised segmentation method using graphs, that can utilize weak multiplex annotations, i.e., inexact and incomplete annotations, to segment arbitrary and large images, scaling from tissue microarray (TMA) to whole slide image (WSI). Formally, SEGGINI constructs a tissue-graph representation for an input image, where the graph nodes depict tissue regions. Then, it performs weakly-supervised segmentation via node classification by using inexact image-level labels, incomplete scribbles, or both. We evaluated SEGGINI on two public prostate cancer datasets containing TMAs and WSIs. Our method achieved state-of-the-art segmentation performance on both datasets for various annotation settings while being comparable to a pathologist baseline. Code and models are available at: https://github.com/histocartography/seg-gini

  • 34. Arvidsson, Anna
    et al.
    Sarve, Hamid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction.
    Johansson, Carina B.
    Comparing and visualizing titanium implant integration in rat bone using 2D and 3D techniques2015In: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials, ISSN 1552-4973, E-ISSN 1552-4981, Vol. 103, no 1, p. 12-20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to compare the osseointegration of grit-blasted implants with and without a hydrogen fluoride treatment in rat tibia and femur, and to visualize bone formation using state-of-the-art 3D visualization techniques. Grit-blasted implants were inserted in femur and tibia of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats (4 implants/rat). Four weeks after insertion, bone implant samples were retrieved. Selected samples were imaged in 3D using Synchrotron Radiation-based CT (SRCT). The 3D data was quantified and visualized using two novel visualization techniques, thread fly-through and 2D unfolding. All samples were processed to cut and ground sections and 2D histomorphometrical comparisons of bone implant contact (BIC), bone area (BA), and mirror image area (MI) were performed. BA values were statistically significantly higher for test implants than controls (p<0.05), but BIC and MI data did not differ significantly. Thus, the results partly indicate improved bone formation at blasted and hydrogen fluoride treated implants, compared to blasted implants. The 3D analysis was a valuable complement to 2D analysis, facilitating improved visualization. However, further studies are required to evaluate aspects of 3D quantitative techniques, with relation to light microscopy that traditionally is used for osseointegration studies. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 12-20, 2015.

  • 35.
    Asan, Noor Badariah
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics. Univ Tekn Malaysia Melaka, Fac Elect & Comp Engn, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia.
    Hassan, Emadeldeen
    Umea Univ, Dept Comp Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden;Menoufia Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Commun, Menoufia 32952, Egypt.
    Perez, Mauricio David
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Shah, Syaiful Redzwan Mohd
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Velander, Jacob
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Blokhuis, Taco J.
    Maastricht Univ, Dept Surg, Med Ctr, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, Netherlands.
    Voigt, Thiemo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computer Architecture and Computer Communication. ¨.
    Augustine, Robin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Assessment of Blood Vessel Effect on Fat-Intrabody Communication Using Numerical and Ex-Vivo Models at 2.45 GHZ2019In: IEEE Access, E-ISSN 2169-3536, Vol. 7, p. 89886-89900Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The potential offered by the intra-body communication (IBC) over the past few years has resulted in a spike of interest for the topic, specifically for medical applications. Fat-IBC is subsequently a novel alternative technique that utilizes fat tissue as a communication channel. This work aimed to identify such transmission medium and its performance in varying blood-vessel systems at 2.45 GHz, particularly in the context of the IBC and medical applications. It incorporated three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic simulations and laboratory investigations that implemented models of blood vessels of varying orientations, sizes, and positions. Such investigations were undertaken by using ex-vivo porcine tissues and three blood-vessel system configurations. These configurations represent extreme cases of real-life scenarios that sufficiently elucidated their principal influence on the transmission. The blood-vessel models consisted of ex-vivo muscle tissues and copper rods. The results showed that the blood vessels crossing the channel vertically contributed to 5.1 dB and 17.1 dB signal losses for muscle and copper rods, respectively, which is the worst-case scenario in the context of fat-channel with perturbance. In contrast, blood vessels aligned-longitudinally in the channel have less effect and yielded 4.5 dB and 4.2 dB signal losses for muscle and copper rods, respectively. Meanwhile, the blood vessels crossing the channel horizontally displayed 3.4 dB and 1.9 dB signal losses for muscle and copper rods, respectively, which were the smallest losses among the configurations. The laboratory investigations were in agreement with the simulations. Thus, this work substantiated the fat-IBC signal transmission variability in the context of varying blood vessel configurations.

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  • 36.
    Asan, Noor Badariah
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Noreland, Daniel
    Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
    Hassan, Emadeldeen
    Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications, Menoufia University, 32952 Menouf, Egypt.
    Redzwan, Syaiful
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Rydberg, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Blokhuis, Taco J.
    Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
    Carlsson, Per-Ola
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Transplantation and regenerative medicine.
    Voigt, Thiemo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computer Architecture and Computer Communication.
    Augustine, Robin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Intra-body microwave communication through adipose tissue2017In: Healthcare Technology Letters, E-ISSN 2053-3713, Vol. 4, no 4, p. 115-121Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 37.
    Asan, Noor Badariah
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Redzwan, Syaiful
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Rydberg, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Augustine, Robin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Noreland, Daniel
    Hassan, Emadeldeen
    Voigt, Thiemo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computer Architecture and Computer Communication.
    Human fat tissue: A microwave communication channel2017In: Proc. 1st MTT-S International Microwave Bio Conference, IEEE, 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we present an approach for communication through human body tissue in the R-band frequency range. This study examines the ranges of microwave frequencies suitable for intra-body communication. The human body tissues are characterized with respect to their transmission properties using simulation modeling and phantom measurements. The variations in signal coupling with respect to different tissue thicknesses are studied. The simulation and phantom measurement results show that electromagnetic communication in the fat layer is viable with attenuation of approximately 2 dB per 20 mm. 

  • 38.
    Asan, Noor Badariah
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Velander, Jacob
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Redzwan, Syaiful
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Augustine, Robin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Electronics.
    Hassan, Emadeldeen
    Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Noreland, Daniel
    Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Voigt, Thiemo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computer Architecture and Computer Communication.
    Blokhuis, Taco J.
    Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherland.
    Reliability of the fat tissue channel for intra-body microwave communication2017In: 2017 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA), IEEE, 2017, p. 310-313Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, the human fat tissue has been proposed as a microwave channel for intra-body sensor applications. In this work, we assess how disturbances can prevent reliable microwave propagation through the fat channel. Perturbants of different sizes are considered. The simulation and experimental results show that efficient communication through the fat channel is possible even in the presence of perturbants such as embedded muscle layers and blood vessels. We show that the communication channel is not affected by perturbants that are smaller than 15 mm cube.

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  • 39.
    Atif, Abdul Raouf
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Aramesh, Morteza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Carter, Sarah-Sophia
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Tenje, Maria
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Mestres, Gemma
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Universal Biomaterial-on-Chip: a versatile platform for evaluating cellular responses on diverse biomaterial substrates2024In: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, ISSN 0957-4530, E-ISSN 1573-4838, Vol. 35, article id 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Microfluidics has emerged as a promising approach for assessing cellular behavior in vitro, providing more physiologically relevant cell culture environments with dynamic flow and shear stresses. This study introduces the Universal Biomaterial-on-Chip (UBoC) device, which enables the evaluation of cell response on diverse biomaterial substrates in a 3D-printed microfluidic device. The UBoC platform offers mechanical stimulation of the cells and monitoring of their response on diverse biomaterials, enabling qualitative and quantitative in vitro analysis both on- and off-chip. Cell adhesion and proliferation were assessed to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials with different physical properties, while mechanical stimulation was performed to investigate shear-dependent calcium signaling in pre-osteoblasts. Moreover, the applicability of the UBoC platform in creating more complex in vitro models by culturing multiple cell types was demonstrated, establishing a dynamic multicellular environment to investigate cellular interfaces and their significance in biological processes. Overall, the UBoC presents an adaptable tool for in vitro evaluation of cellular behavior, offering opportunities for studying various biomaterials and cell interactions in microfluidic environments.

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  • 40.
    Atif, Abdul Raouf
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Microsystems Technology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lacis, Ugis
    Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH.
    Tenje, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Microsystems Technology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Bagheri, Shervin
    Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH.
    Mestres, Gemma
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Microsystems Technology.
    Modelling adsorption of proteins and cells on biomimetic hydroxyapatite2021Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), a biomaterial similar to the inorganic bone matrix, can be used in non-load bearing areas to promote bone regeneration. Upon implantation, CDHA is exposed to blood, leading to serum protein deposition on the surface and enabling cell attachment via membrane-bound receptors. In cell culture studies, biomaterials are often pre-incubated in serum supplemented medium to mimic this process. In this work, to study the extent the protein layer assists in cell adhesion, a Langmuir isotherm-based model for protein and cell adhesion kinetics was used. 

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    ESB 2021 Conference Poster
  • 41.
    Atif, Abdul Raouf
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microsystems Technology.
    Pujari-Palmer, Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Applied Materials Sciences.
    Tenje, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microsystems Technology.
    Mestres, Gemma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Microsystems Technology.
    Evaluation of Ionic Interactions of Bone Cement-on-Chip2019Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Biomaterials are synthetic materials that can be incorporated into the body to replace an impaired physiological function. Apatite calcium phosphate cements (CPCs), used for bone regeneration, give calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) as an end-product after a dissolution-precipitation reaction during fabrication. CDHA has a tendency to uptake calcium and release phosphate into cell culture medium. Potentially, this leads to depletion of calcium ions in solution, which can be detrimental to cell survival. The aim of this work is to embed CDHA in a microfluidic system and evaluate ion exchange at different flow rates.

    METHODS: CPC paste was cast into a 0.8mm pocket within a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, cured at 60°C for 2h) mould. CPCs were set in 0.9% w/v NaCl at 37°C for 10 days resulting in CDHA. The PDMS containing the CDHA was then bonded to glass, leaving a 0.5mm channel gap. Minimum Essential Media (MEM, 1ml) was pumped through the channel at low (2µl/min), medium (8µl/min) and high (14µl/min) flow rates. A CDHA disc (ø=15mm, h=2mm) was immersed in MEM (1ml) at static conditions (0µl/min) for 24h. Stock Media was taken as control. Calcium and phosphorus concentrations were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy.

    RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: CDHA was successfully embedded in a microfluidic chip (Fig. 1A). Observed [Ca] and [P] levels were closer to levels in stock MEM at higher flow rates (Fig. 1B). We anticipate that osteoblast viability will improve when grown under flow, as opposed to static conditions, due to continuous replenishment of cell medium.

  • 42.
    Attemalm, Nils
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Mechanics.
    Påverkan av utloppsrörets längd i en automatiskt självtömmande hävert och komponenternas påverkan på tömningshastigheten2023Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    To facilitates tasks in modern healthcare, innovative solutions can be used and the product Sippi is an example of this. Sippi is a self-emptying siphon device used for monitoring a patient ́s urine production. This report examines one of the two main components of Sippi, known as the disposable unit. The unit consist of a siphon which is self-emptying without needing any mechanical assistance. The purpose of the report is to understand how some vital components of Sippi affect the emptying rate and determine the optimal length of the outlet tube. Theoretical calculations and experiential methods are used for the investigation. From the data and with help of software from Observe Medical, results could be generated in various forms, leading to several conclusions. The examined components, which were the bell and the filter had a negative effect on the emptying rate, resulting in a decreased rate when in use. Regarding the pressure drop, it was concluded that longer pipes generated greater pressure drop across the pipe. Additional studies are required to establish the ideal length of the outlet tube.

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  • 43.
    Augustin, Xenia
    et al.
    ETH Zurich.
    Zhang, Lin
    ETH Zurich.
    Goksel, Orcun
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Visual Information and Interaction. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction. ETH Zurich.
    Estimating Mean Speed-of-Sound from Sequence-Dependent Geometric Disparities2021Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Augustine, Robin
    Uppsala University.
    A Non-invasive Skin Burn Degree Analysis Using Microwaves2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Augustine, Robin
    Uppsala University.
    A Preliminary Study on Skin Burn Degree Analysis Based on Coupling Effect between Burn Area and Micro Strip Ring Resonator2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Augustine, Robin
    Uppsala University.
    Application of UWB Radar Techniques for Imaging cranial vaults2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 47. Augustine, Robin
    Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) is an edible starch, commercially available as powder, prepared from the roots of the plant family Marantaceae. Arrowroot is well known for its medicinal effects and use as chief ingredient in infant cookies. Arrowroot in film form is prepared and its microwave absorption characteristics, permittivity, loss factor, conductivity, skin depth, and heating coefficient are analyzed. The results are quite promising and can be concluded that arrowroot in film form is a potential candidate for several applications in medical field, when compared with well studied chitosan film2009In: Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 51, no 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) is an edible starch, commercially available as powder, prepared from the roots of the plant family Marantaceae. Arrowroot is well known for its medicinal effects and use as chief ingredient in infant cookies. Arrowroot in film form is prepared and its microwave absorption characteristics, permittivity, loss factor, conductivity, skin depth, and heating coefficient are analyzed. The results are quite promising and can be concluded that arrowroot in film form is a potential candidate for several applications in medical field, when compared with well studied chitosan film

  • 48. Augustine, Robin
    Biocompatibility study of beta tricalcium phosphate bioceramics and chitosan biopolymer and their use as phantoms for medical imaging applications2009In: Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 51, no 12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Beta tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) bioceramics and chitosan biopolymers are used as biomedical implants because of their better biocompatibility and good bioresorption characteristics. As they are biomaterials, they have good interactions with microwave frequencies. b-TCP and chitosan powder, films, pellets, and gel are prepared and studied at the S-band microwave frequencies. Dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, conductivity, and S-parameters are evaluated. Dielectric parameters of different forms of b-TCP and chitosan show resemblance with that of human tissues. Hence, these materials can also be considered as potential phantoms for specific absorption rate measurements as well as in microwave imaging applications. V

  • 49. Augustine, Robin
    Biocompatibility study of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite for medical applications at microwave frequencies2008In: Microwave and optical technology letters (Print), ISSN 0895-2477, E-ISSN 1098-2760, Vol. 50, no 11, p. 2931-2934Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) bioceramic and chitosan (poly [(β-1-4) d-glucosamine]) biopolymer show good biocompatibility in vivo. They have biological origin and show excellent interactions with microwave. Microwave study of HAp made using different drying techniques and their composites with chitosan in the ISM band is presented. Pastes are made using HAp and chitosan with different ratios of mixing. The dielectric properties of this composites match with that of human fat, collagen tissues. Some of the compositions exhibit dielectric property close to that of natural bone. This makes them more biocompatible and better substitutes for natural bone. Thus composite bioceramics can be considered as phantom model constituents for imaging purposes.

  • 50. Augustine, Robin
    Chitosan Biopolymer for Microwave Tomography Applications2008Conference paper (Refereed)
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