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  • 1.
    Akrami, Nazar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Ekehammar, Bo
    Bergh, Robin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Generalized prejudice: Common and specific components2011In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 57-59Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Elwin, Ebba
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Juslin, Peter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Olsson, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Enkvist, Tommy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Constructivist Coding: Learning from Selective Feedback2007In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 18, no 2, p. 105-110Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although much learning in real-life environments relies on highly selective feedback about outcomes, virtually all cognitive models of learning, judgment, and categorization assume complete and representative feedback. We investigated empirically the effect of selective feedback on decision making and how people code experience with selective feedback. The results showed that, in contrast to a commonly raised concern, performance was not impaired following learning with selective and biased feedback. Furthermore, even in a simple decision task, the experience that people acquired was not a mere recording of the observed outcomes, but rather a reconstruction from general task knowledge.

  • 3.
    Fawcett, Christine
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wesevich, Veronica
    Washington Univ, Sch Med St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
    Gredebäck, Gustaf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Pupillary Contagion in Infancy: Evidence for spontaneous transfer of arousal2016In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 27, no 7, p. 997-1003Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pupillary contagionresponding to pupil size observed in other people with changes in one's own pupilhas been found in adults and suggests that arousal and other internal states could be transferred across individuals using a subtle physiological cue. Examining this phenomenon developmentally gives insight into its origins and underlying mechanisms, such as whether it is an automatic adaptation already present in infancy. In the current study, 6- and 9-month-olds viewed schematic depictions of eyes with smaller and larger pupilspairs of concentric circles with smaller and larger black centerswhile their own pupil sizes were recorded. Control stimuli were comparable squares. For both age groups, infants' pupil size was greater when they viewed large-center circles than when they viewed small-center circles, and no differences were found for large-center compared with small-center squares. The findings suggest that infants are sensitive and responsive to subtle cues to other people's internal states, a mechanism that would be beneficial for early social development.

  • 4.
    Gottwald, Janna M.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Achermann, Sheila
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Marciszko, Carin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Lindskog, Marcus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Gredebäck, Gustaf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    An embodied account of early executive functions development: Prospective motor control in infancy is related to prohibition and working memory2016In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 27Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 5.
    Gottwald, Janna M.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Achermann, Sheila
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Marciszko, Carin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Lindskog, Marcus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Gredebäck, Gustaf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    An Embodied Account of Early Executive-Function Development: Prospective Motor Control in Infancy Is Related to Inhibition and Working Memory2016In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 27, no 12, p. 1600-1610Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The importance of executive functioning for later life outcomes, along with its potential to be positively affected by intervention programs, motivates the need to find early markers of executive functioning. In this study, 18-month-olds performed three executive-function tasksinvolving simple inhibition, working memory, and more complex inhibitionand a motion-capture task assessing prospective motor control during reaching. We demonstrated that prospective motor control, as measured by the peak velocity of the first movement unit, is related to infants' performance on simple-inhibition and working memory tasks. The current study provides evidence that motor control and executive functioning are intertwined early in life, which suggests an embodied perspective on executive-functioning development. We argue that executive functions and prospective motor control develop from a common source and a single motive: to control action. This is the first demonstration that low-level movement planning is related to higher-order executive control early in life.

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  • 6. Haeffel, Gerald J.
    et al.
    Getchell, Marya
    Koposov, Roman A.
    Yrigollen, Carolyn M.
    DeYoung, Colin G.
    af Klinteberg, Britt
    Oreland, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology.
    Ruchkin, Vladislav V.
    Yale Child Study Center.
    Grigorenko, Elena L.
    Association between polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter gene and depression: evidence for a gene-environment interaction in a sample of juvenile detainees2008In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 62-69Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous research has generated examples of how genetic and environmental factors can interact to create risk for psychopathology. Using a gene-by-environment (G x E) interaction design, we tested whether three polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1, also referred to as SLC6A3, located at 5p15.33) interacted with maternal parenting style to predict first-onset episodes of depression. Participants were male adolescents (N= 176) recruited from a juvenile detention center in northern Russia. As hypothesized, one of the polymorphisms (rs40184) moderated the effect of perceived maternal rejection on the onset of major depressive disorder, as well as on suicidal ideation. Further, this G x E interaction was specific to depression; it did not predict clinically significant anxiety. These results highlight the need for further research investigating the moderating effects of dopaminergic genes on depression.

  • 7.
    James, Ella L.
    et al.
    Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Med Res Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, England;Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
    Bonsall, Michael B.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 2JD, England;Univ Oxford, St Peters Coll, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
    Hoppitt, Laura
    Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Med Res Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, England.
    Tunbridge, Elizabeth M.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
    Geddes, John R.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Psychiat, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
    Milton, Amy L.
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychol, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England.
    Holmes, Emily A.
    Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Med Res Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, England;Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Computer Game Play Reduces Intrusive Memories of Experimental Trauma via Reconsolidation-Update Mechanisms2015In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 26, no 8, p. 1201-1215Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Memory of a traumatic event becomes consolidated within hours. Intrusive memories can then flash back repeatedly into the mind's eye and cause distress. We investigated whether reconsolidation-the process during which memories become malleable when recalled-can be blocked using a cognitive task and whether such an approach can reduce these unbidden intrusions. We predicted that reconsolidation of a reactivated visual memory of experimental trauma could be disrupted by engaging in a visuospatial task that would compete for visual working memory resources. We showed that intrusive memories were virtually abolished by playing the computer game Tetris following a memory-reactivation task 24 hr after initial exposure to experimental trauma. Furthermore, both memory reactivation and playing Tetris were required to reduce subsequent intrusions (Experiment 2), consistent with reconsolidation-update mechanisms. A simple, noninvasive cognitive-task procedure administered after emotional memory has already consolidated (i.e., > 24 hours after exposure to experimental trauma) may prevent the recurrence of intrusive memories of those emotional events.

  • 8.
    Lind, Andreas
    et al.
    Lund Univ, Lund Univ Cognit Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.;CNRS, STMS, IRCAM, UMR9912, Paris, France..
    Hall, Lars
    Lund Univ, Lund Univ Cognit Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden..
    Breidegard, Bjorn
    Lund Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Design Sci, Certec,Div Rehabil Engn Res, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Balkenius, Christian
    Lund Univ, Lund Univ Cognit Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden..
    Johansson, Petter
    Uppsala University, The Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences (SCASSS). Lund Univ, Lund Univ Cognit Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden..
    Auditory Feedback Is Used for Self-Comprehension: When We Hear Ourselves Saying Something Other Than What We Said, We Believe We Said What We Hear2015In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 26, no 12, p. 1978-1980Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Lind, Andreas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, The Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences (SCASSS). Lund Univ, Lund Univ Cognit Sci, S-22222 Lund, Sweden..
    Hall, Lars
    Lund Univ, Lund Univ Cognit Sci, S-22222 Lund, Sweden..
    Breidegard, Bjorn
    Lund Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Design Sci, Certec,Div Rehabil Engn Res, S-22222 Lund, Sweden..
    Balkenius, Christian
    Lund Univ, Lund Univ Cognit Sci, S-22222 Lund, Sweden..
    Johansson, Petter
    Uppsala University, The Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences (SCASSS). Lund Univ, Lund Univ Cognit Sci, S-22222 Lund, Sweden.;Uppsala Univ, Swedish Coll Adv Study, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Speakers' Acceptance of Real-Time Speech Exchange Indicates That We Use Auditory Feedback to Specify the Meaning of What We Say2014In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 25, no 6, p. 1198-1205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Speech is usually assumed to start with a clearly defined preverbal message, which provides a benchmark for self-monitoring and a robust sense of agency for one's utterances. However, an alternative hypothesis states that speakers often have no detailed preview of what they are about to say, and that they instead use auditory feedback to infer the meaning of their words. In the experiment reported here, participants performed a Stroop color-naming task while we covertly manipulated their auditory feedback in real time so that they said one thing but heard themselves saying something else. Under ideal timing conditions, two thirds of these semantic exchanges went undetected by the participants, and in 85% of all nondetected exchanges, the inserted words were experienced as self-produced. These findings indicate that the sense of agency for speech has a strong inferential component, and that auditory feedback of one's own voice acts as a pathway for semantic monitoring, potentially overriding other feedback loops.

  • 10.
    Obaidi, Milan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Uppsala Univ, Dept Psychol, Box 1225, SE-75142 Uppsala, Sweden;Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
    Bergh, Robin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
    Akrami, Nazar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Anjum, Gulnaz
    Inst Business Adm, Dept Social Sci & Liberal Arts, Karachi, Pakistan.
    Group-Based Relative Deprivation Explains Endorsement of Extremism Among Western-Born Muslims2019In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 30, no 4, p. 596-605Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although jihadist threats are regarded as foreign, most Islamist terror attacks in Europe and the United States have been orchestrated by Muslims born and raised in Western societies. In the present research, we explored a link between perceived deprivation of Western Muslims and endorsement of extremism. We suggest that Western-born Muslims are particularly vulnerable to the impact of perceived relative deprivation because comparisons with majority groups' peers are more salient for them than for individuals born elsewhere. Thus, we hypothesized that Western-born, compared with foreign-born, Muslims would score higher on four predictors of extremism (e.g., violent intentions), and group-based deprivation would explain these differences. Studies 1 to 6 (Ns = 59, 232, 259, 243, 104, and 366, respectively) confirmed that Western-born Muslims scored higher on all examined predictors of extremism. Mediation and meta-analysis showed that group-based relative deprivation accounted for these differences. Study 7 (N = 60) showed that these findings are not generalizable to non-Muslims.

  • 11. Rietveld, Cornelius A.
    et al.
    Conley, Dalton
    Eriksson, Nicholas
    Esko, Tonu
    Medland, Sarah E.
    Vinkhuyzen, Anna A. E.
    Yang, Jian
    Boardman, Jason D.
    Chabris, Christopher F.
    Dawes, Christopher T.
    Domingue, Benjamin W.
    Hinds, David A.
    Johannesson, Magnus
    Kiefer, Amy K.
    Laibson, David
    Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
    Mountain, Joanna L.
    Oskarsson, Sven
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Government.
    Rostapshova, Olga
    Teumer, Alexander
    Tung, Joyce Y.
    Visscher, Peter M.
    Benjamin, Daniel J.
    Cesarini, David
    Koellinger, Philipp D.
    Replicability and Robustness of Genome-Wide-Association Studies for Behavioral Traits2014In: Psychological Science, ISSN 0956-7976, E-ISSN 1467-9280, Vol. 25, no 11, p. 1975-1986Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A recent genome-wide-association study of educational attainment identified three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) whose associations, despite their small effect sizes (each R-2 approximate to 0.02%), reached genome-wide significance (p < 5 x 10(-8)) in a large discovery sample and were replicated in an independent sample (p < .05). The study also reported associations between educational attainment and indices of SNPs called polygenic scores. In three studies, we evaluated the robustness of these findings. Study 1 showed that the associations with all three SNPs were replicated in another large (N = 34,428) independent sample. We also found that the scores remained predictive (R-2 approximate to 2%) in regressions with stringent controls for stratification (Study 2) and in new within-family analyses (Study 3). Our results show that large and therefore well-powered genome-wide-association studies can identify replicable genetic associations with behavioral traits. The small effect sizes of individual SNPs are likely to be a major contributing factor explaining the striking contrast between our results and the disappointing replication record of most candidate-gene studies.

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