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  • 1.
    Aartsen, M. G.
    et al.
    Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch, New Zealand.
    Botner, Olga
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Burgman, Alexander
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, FREIA.
    Hallgren, Allan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    O'Sullivan, Erin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Pérez de los Heros, Carlos
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Unger, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Zöcklein, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, Aachen, Germany.
    Detection of a particle shower at the Glashow resonance with IceCube2021In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 591, no 7849, p. 220-224Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Glashow resonance describes the resonant formation of a W boson during the interaction of a high-energy electron antineutrino with an electron1, peaking at an antineutrino energy of 6.3 petaelectronvolts (PeV) in the rest frame of the electron. Whereas this energy scale is out of reach for currently operating and future planned particle accelerators, natural astrophysical phenomena are expected to produce antineutrinos with energies beyond the PeV scale. Here we report the detection by the IceCube neutrino observatory of a cascade of high-energy particles (a particle shower) consistent with being created at the Glashow resonance. A shower with an energy of 6.05 ± 0.72 PeV (determined from Cherenkov radiation in the Antarctic Ice Sheet) was measured. Features consistent with the production of secondary muons in the particle shower indicate the hadronic decay of a resonant W boson, confirm that the source is astrophysical and provide improved directional localization. The evidence of the Glashow resonance suggests the presence of electron antineutrinos in the astrophysical flux, while also providing further validation of the standard model of particle physics. Its unique signature indicates a method of distinguishing neutrinos from antineutrinos, thus providing a way to identify astronomical accelerators that produce neutrinos via hadronuclear or photohadronic interactions, with or without strong magnetic fields. As such, knowledge of both the flavour (that is, electron, muon or tau neutrinos) and charge (neutrino or antineutrino) will facilitate the advancement of neutrino astronomy.

  • 2.
    Aartsen, M. G.
    et al.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Hill, G. C.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Kyriacou, A.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Robertson, S.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Wallace, A.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Whelan, B. J.
    Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Ackermann, M.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bernardini, E.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Blot, S.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bradascio, F.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bretz, H. -P
    Brostean-Kaiser, J.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Franckowiak, A.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Jacobi, E.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Karg, T.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kintscher, T.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kunwar, S.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nahnhauer, R.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Satalecka, K.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Spiering, C.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stachurska, J.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Stasik, A.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Strotjohann, N. L.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terliuk, A.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Usner, M.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    van Santen, J.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany..
    Adams, J.
    Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch, New Zealand..
    Bagherpour, H.
    Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch, New Zealand..
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Ansseau, I.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Heereman, D.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Meagher, K.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Meures, T.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Pinat, E.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Raab, C.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Ahlers, M.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Larson, M. J.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Medici, M.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Rameez, M.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Ahrens, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Bohm, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Dumm, J. P.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Finley, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Flis, S.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hultqvist, K.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Walck, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Zoll, M.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Al Samarai, I.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Bron, S.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Carver, T.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Christov, A.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Montaruli, T.
    Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpusculaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Altmann, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Anton, G.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Kittler, T.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Tselengidou, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany..
    Andeen, K.
    Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA..
    Plum, M.
    Marquette Univ, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA..
    Anderson, T.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    DeLaunay, J. J.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Dunkman, M.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Eller, P.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Huang, F.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Keivani, A.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Lanfranchi, J. L.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Pankova, D. V.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Tesic, G.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Turley, C. F.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Weiss, M. J.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Arguelles, C.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Axani, S.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Collin, G. H.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Conrad, J. M.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Moulai, M.
    MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Auffenberg, J.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Brenzke, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Glauch, T.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Haack, C.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Kalaczynski, P.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Koschinsky, J. P.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Leuermann, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Rdel, L.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Reimann, R.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Rongen, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Saelzer, T.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Schoenen, S.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Schumacher, L.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Stettner, J.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Vehring, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Vogel, E.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Wallraff, M.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Waza, A.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany..
    Bai, X.
    South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Phys Dept, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA..
    Barron, J. P.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Giang, W.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Grant, D.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Kopper, C.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Moore, R. W.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Nowicki, S. C.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Herrera, S. E. Sanchez
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Sarkar, S.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.;Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England..
    Wandler, F. D.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Weaver, C.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Wood, T. R.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Woolsey, E.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Yanez, J. P.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada..
    Barwick, S. W.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA..
    Yodh, G.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA..
    Baum, V.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Boeser, S.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    di Lorenzo, V.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Eberhardt, B.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Ehrhardt, T.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Koepke, L.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Krueckl, G.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Momente, G.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Peiffer, P.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Sandroos, J.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Steuer, A.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Wiebe, K.
    Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Bay, R.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Filimonov, K.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Price, P. B.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Woschnagg, K.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Beatty, J. J.
    Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Tjus, J. Becker
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Bos, F.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Eichmann, B.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Kroll, M.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Schoeneberg, S.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Tenholt, F.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany..
    Becker, K. -H
    Bindig, D.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Helbing, K.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Hickford, S.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Hoffmann, R.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Lauber, F.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Naumann, U.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Pollmann, A. Obertacke
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    Soldin, D.
    Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany..
    BenZvi, S.
    Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA..
    Cross, R.
    Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA..
    Berley, D.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Blaufuss, E.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Cheung, E.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Felde, J.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Friedman, E.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Hellauer, R.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Maunu, R.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Olivas, A.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Schmidt, T.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Song, M.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Besson, D. Z.
    Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA..
    Binder, G.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Klein, S. R.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Miarecki, S.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Palczewski, T.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Tatar, J.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.;Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Boerner, M.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Fuchs, T.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Huennefeld, M.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Meier, M.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Menne, T.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Pieloth, D.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Rhode, W.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Ruhe, T.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Sandrock, A.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Schlunder, P.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Soedingrekso, J.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Werthebach, J.
    TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany..
    Bose, D.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Dujmovic, H.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    In, S.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Jeong, M.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Kang, W.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Kim, J.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Rott, C.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea..
    Botner, Olga
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Burgman, Alexander
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Hallgren, Allan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    de los Heros, Carlos
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Unger, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Bourbeau, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Braun, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Casey, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Chirkin, D.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Day, M.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Desiati, P.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Fahey, S.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Ghorbani, K.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Griffith, Z.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Halzen, F.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Hanson, K.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Hokanson-Fasig, B.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Hoshina, K.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan..
    Jero, K.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Karle, A.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Kauer, M.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Kelley, J. L.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Kheirandish, A.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Liu, Q. R.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Luszczak, W.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Mancina, S.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    McNally, F.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Merino, G.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Schneider, A.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Tobin, M. N.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Tosi, D.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Ty, B.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Vandenbroucke, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Wandkowsky, N.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Wendt, C.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Westerhoff, S.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Wille, L.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Wolf, M.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Wood, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Xu, D. L.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Yuan, T.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophys Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA..
    Brayeur, L.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Casier, M.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    De Clercq, C.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    de Vries, K. D.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    de Wasseige, G.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Kunnen, J.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Lunemann, J.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Maggi, G.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Toscano, S.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Clark, K.
    SNOLAB, Lively P3Y 1N2, ON, Canada..
    Classen, L.
    Westfal Wilhelms Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany..
    Kappes, A.
    Westfal Wilhelms Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany..
    Coenders, S.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Huber, M.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Krings, K.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Rea, I. C.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Resconi, E.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Turcati, A.
    Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Cowen, D. F.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.;Penn State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    de Andre, J. P. A. M.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    DeYoung, T.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Hignight, J.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Lennarz, D.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Mahn, K. B. M.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Micallef, J.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Neer, G.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Rysewyk, D.
    Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Dembinski, H.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Evenson, P. A.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Gonzalez, J. G.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Koirala, R.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Pandya, H.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Seckel, D.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Stanev, T.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    Tilav, S.
    Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA.;Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA..
    De Ridder, S.
    Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Labare, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Ohys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Ohys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Van Driessche, W.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Ohys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Vanheule, S.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Ohys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Vraeghe, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Ohys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    de With, M.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Ohys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Hebecker, D.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Ohys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Kolanoski, H.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Ohys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Fazely, A. R.
    Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA..
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA..
    Xu, X. W.
    Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA..
    Gallagher, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium..
    Gerhardt, L.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Nygren, D. R.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Stezelberger, T.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Ishihara, A.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Kim, M.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Kuwabara, T.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Lu, L.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Mase, K.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Relich, M.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Stossl, A.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Yoshida, S.
    Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan.;Chiba Univ, Inst Global Prominent Res, Chiba 2638522, Japan..
    Japaridze, G. S.
    Clark Atlanta Univ, Ctr Theoret Studies Phys Syst, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA..
    Jones, B. J. P.
    Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA..
    Kiryluk, J.
    SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA..
    Lesiak-Bzdak, M.
    SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA..
    Niederhausen, H.
    SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA..
    Xu, Y.
    SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA..
    Kohnen, G.
    Kopper, S.
    Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA..
    Nakarmi, P.
    Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA..
    Pepper, J. A.
    Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA..
    Toale, P. A.
    Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA..
    Williams, D. R.
    Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA..
    Kowalski, M.
    DESY, D-17738 Zeuthen, Germany.;Humboldt Univ, Inst Ohys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany..
    Kurahashi, N.
    Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Relethford, B.
    Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Richman, M.
    Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Wills, L.
    Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Madsen, J.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA..
    Seunarine, S.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA..
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA..
    Maruyama, R.
    Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA..
    Rawlins, K.
    Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA..
    Sutherland, M.
    Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Taboada, I.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Tung, C. F.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.;Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA..
    Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino interaction cross-section with IceCube using Earth absorption2017In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 551, no 7682, p. 596-600Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Neutrinos interact only very weakly, so they are extremely penetrating. The theoretical neutrino-nucleon interaction cross-section, however, increases with increasing neutrino energy, and neutrinos with energies above 40 teraelectronvolts (TeV) are expected to be absorbed as they pass through the Earth. Experimentally, the cross-section has been determined only at the relatively low energies (below 0.4 TeV) that are available at neutrino beams fromaccelerators(1,2). Here we report a measurement of neutrino absorption by the Earth using a sample of 10,784 energetic upward-going neutrino-induced muons. The flux of high-energy neutrinos transiting long paths through the Earth is attenuated compared to a reference sample that follows shorter trajectories. Using a fit to the two-dimensional distribution of muon energy and zenith angle, we determine the neutrino-nucleon interaction cross-section for neutrino energies 6.3-980 TeV, more than an order of magnitude higher than previous measurements. The measured cross-section is about 1.3 times the prediction of the standard model(3), consistent with the expectations for charged-and neutral-current interactions. We do not observe a large increase in the crosssection with neutrino energy, in contrast with the predictions of some theoretical models, including those invoking more compact spatial dimensions(4) or the production of leptoquarks(5). This cross-section measurement can be used to set limits on the existence of some hypothesized beyond-standard-model particles, including leptoquarks.

  • 3. Abbasi, R.
    et al.
    Abdou, Y.
    Abu-Zayyad, T.
    Ackermann, M.
    Adams, J.
    Aguilar, J. A.
    Ahlers, M.
    Altmann, D.
    Andeen, K.
    Auffenberg, J.
    Bai, X.
    Baker, M.
    Barwick, S. W.
    Bay, R.
    Alba, J. L. Bazo
    Beattie, K.
    Beatty, J. J.
    Bechet, S.
    Becker, J. K.
    Becker, K. -H
    Bell, M.
    Benabderrahmane, M. L.
    BenZvi, S.
    Berdermann, J.
    Berghaus, P.
    Berley, D.
    Bernardini, E.
    Bertrand, D.
    Besson, D. Z.
    Bindig, D.
    Bissok, M.
    Blaufuss, E.
    Blumenthal, J.
    Boersma, D. J.
    Bohm, C.
    Bose, D.
    Boeser, S.
    Botner, Olga
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Brayeur, L.
    Brown, A. M.
    Buitink, S.
    Caballero-Mora, K. S.
    Carson, M.
    Casier, M.
    Chirkin, D.
    Christy, B.
    Clevermann, F.
    Cohen, S.
    Colnard, C.
    Cowen, D. F.
    Silva, A. H. Cruz
    D'Agostino, M. V.
    Danninger, M.
    Daughhetee, J.
    Davis, J. C.
    DeClercq, C.
    Degner, T.
    Descamps, F.
    Desiati, P.
    de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.
    DeYoung, T.
    Diaz-Velez, J. C.
    Dierckxsens, M.
    Dreyer, J.
    Dumm, J. P.
    Dunkman, M.
    Eisch, J.
    Ellsworth, R. W.
    Engdegård, Olle
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Euler, S.
    Evenson, P. A.
    Fadiran, O.
    Fazely, A. R.
    Fedynitch, A.
    Feintzeig, J.
    Feusels, T.
    Filimonov, K.
    Finley, C.
    Fischer-Wasels, T.
    Flis, S.
    Franckowiak, A.
    Franke, R.
    Gaisser, T. K.
    Gallagher, J.
    Gerhardt, L.
    Gladstone, L.
    Gluesenkamp, T.
    Goldschmidt, A.
    Goodman, J. A.
    Gora, D.
    Grant, D.
    Griesel, T.
    Gross, A.
    Grullon, S.
    Gurtner, M.
    Ha, C.
    Ismail, A. Haj
    Hallgren, Allan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Halzen, F.
    Han, K.
    Hanson, K.
    Heereman, D.
    Heinen, D.
    Helbing, K.
    Hellauer, R.
    Hickford, S.
    Hill, G. C.
    Hoffman, K. D.
    Hoffmann, B.
    Homeier, A.
    Hoshina, K.
    Huelsnitz, W.
    Huelss, J. -P
    Hulth, P. O.
    Hultqvist, K.
    Hussain, S.
    Ishihara, A.
    Jacobi, E.
    Jacobsen, J.
    Japaridze, S.
    Johansson, H.
    Kappes, A.
    Karg, T.
    Karle, A.
    Kiryluk, J.
    Kislat, F.
    Klein, S. R.
    Koehne, J. -H
    Kohnen, G.
    Kolanoski, H.
    Koepke, L.
    Kopper, S.
    Koskinen, D. J.
    Kowalski, M.
    Kowarik, T.
    Krasberg, M.
    Kroll, G.
    Kunnen, J.
    Kurahashi, N.
    Kuwabara, T.
    Labare, M.
    Laihem, K.
    Landsman, H.
    Larson, M. J.
    Lauer, R.
    Luenemann, J.
    Madsen, J.
    Marotta, A.
    Maruyama, R.
    Mase, K.
    Matis, H. S.
    Meagher, K.
    Merck, M.
    Meszaros, P.
    Meures, T.
    Miarecki, S.
    Middell, E.
    Milke, N.
    Miller, J.
    Montaruli, T.
    Morse, R.
    Movit, S. M.
    Nahnhauer, R.
    Nam, J. W.
    Naumann, U.
    Nowicki, S. C.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Odrowski, S.
    Olivas, A.
    Olivo, M.
    O'Murchadha, A.
    Panknin, S.
    Paul, L.
    Pérez de los Heros, Carlos
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Piegsa, A.
    Pieloth, D.
    Posselt, J.
    Price, P. B.
    Przybylski, G. T.
    Rawlins, K.
    Redl, P.
    Resconi, E.
    Rhode, W.
    Ribordy, M.
    Richman, M.
    Riedel, B.
    Rizzo, A.
    Rodrigues, J. P.
    Rothmaier, F.
    Rott, C.
    Ruhe, T.
    Rutledge, D.
    Ruzybayev, B.
    Ryckbosch, D.
    Sander, H. -G
    Santander, M.
    Sarkar, S.
    Schatto, K.
    Schmidt, T.
    Schoeneberg, S.
    Schoenwald, A.
    Schukraft, A.
    Schulte, L.
    Schultes, A.
    Schulz, O.
    Schunck, M.
    Seckel, D.
    Semburg, B.
    Seo, S. H.
    Sestayo, Y.
    Seunarine, S.
    Silvestri, A.
    Smith, M. W. E.
    Spiczak, G. M.
    Spiering, C.
    Stamatikos, M.
    Stanev, T.
    Stezelberger, T.
    Stokstad, R. G.
    Stoessl, A.
    Strahler, E. A.
    Ström, Rickard
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Stueer, M.
    Sullivan, G. W.
    Taavola, Henric
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics.
    Taboada, I.
    Tamburro, A.
    Ter-Antonyan, S.
    Tilav, S.
    Toale, P. A.
    Toscano, S.
    Tosi, D.
    van Eijndhoven, N.
    Van Overloop, A.
    van Santen, J.
    Vehring, M.
    Voge, M.
    Walck, C.
    Waldenmaier, T.
    Wallraff, M.
    Walter, M.
    Wasserman, R.
    Weaver, Ch.
    Wendt, C.
    Westerhoff, S.
    Whitehorn, N.
    Wiebe, K.
    Wiebusch, C. H.
    Williams, D. R.
    Wischnewski, R.
    Wissing, H.
    Wolf, M.
    Wood, T. R.
    Woschnagg, K.
    Xu, C.
    Xu, D. L.
    Xu, X. W.
    Yanez, J. P.
    Yodh, G.
    Yoshida, S.
    Zarzhitsky, P.
    Zoll, M.
    An absence of neutrinos associated with cosmic-ray acceleration in gamma-ray bursts2012In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 484, no 7394, p. 351-354Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Very energetic astrophysical events are required to accelerate cosmic rays to above 10(18) electronvolts. GRBs (c-ray bursts) have been proposed as possible candidate sources(1-3). In the GRB 'fireball' model, cosmic-ray acceleration should be accompanied by neutrinos produced in the decay of charged pions created in interactions between the high-energy cosmic-ray protons and gamma-rays(4). Previous searches for such neutrinos found none, but the constraints were weak because the sensitivity was at best approximately equal to the predicted flux(5-7). Here we report an upper limit on the flux of energetic neutrinos associated with GRBs that is at least a factor of 3.7 below the predictions(4,8-10). This implies either that GRBs are not the only sources of cosmic rays with energies exceeding 10(18) electronvolts or that the efficiency of neutrino production is much lower than has been predicted.

  • 4. Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba
    et al.
    Andaji-Garmaroudi, Zahra
    Cacovich, Stefania
    Stavrakas, Camille
    Philippe, Bertrand
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics.
    Richter, Johannes M.
    Alsari, Mejd
    Booker, Edward P.
    Hutter, Eline M.
    Pearson, Andrew J.
    Lilliu, Samuele
    Savenije, Tom J.
    Rensmo, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics.
    Divitini, Giorgio
    Ducati, Caterina
    Friend, Richard H.
    Stranks, Samuel D.
    Maximizing and stabilizing luminescence from halide perovskites with potassium passivation2018In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 555, p. 497-501Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal halide perovskites are of great interest for various high-performance optoelectronic applications. The ability to tune the perovskite bandgap continuously by modifying the chemical composition opens up applications for perovskites as coloured emitters, in building-integrated photovoltaics, and as components of tandem photovoltaics to increase the power conversion efficiency. Nevertheless, performance is limited by non-radiative losses, with luminescence yields in state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells still far from 100 per cent under standard solar illumination conditions. Furthermore, in mixed halide perovskite systems designed for continuous bandgap tunability2 (bandgaps of approximately 1.7 to 1.9 electronvolts), photoinduced ion segregation leads to bandgap instabilities. Here we demonstrate substantial mitigation of both non-radiative losses and photoinduced ion migration in perovskite films and interfaces by decorating the surfaces and grain boundaries with passivating potassium halide layers. We demonstrate external photoluminescence quantum yields of 66 per cent, which translate to internal yields that exceed 95 per cent. The high luminescence yields are achieved while maintaining high mobilities of more than 40 square centimetres per volt per second, providing the elusive combination of both high luminescence and excellent charge transport. When interfaced with electrodes in a solar cell device stack, the external luminescence yield—a quantity that must be maximized to obtain high efficiency—remains as high as 15 per cent, indicating very clean interfaces. We also demonstrate the inhibition of transient photoinduced ion-migration processes across a wide range of mixed halide perovskite bandgaps in materials that exhibit bandgap instabilities when unpassivated. We validate these results in fully operating solar cells. Our work represents an important advance in the construction of tunable metal halide perovskite films and interfaces that can approach the efficiency limits in tandem solar cells, coloured-light-emitting diodes and other optoelectronic applications.

  • 5.
    Ablikim, M.
    et al.
    Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
    Adlarson, Patrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Biernat, Jacek
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Hansson, Joachim
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Ikegami Andersson, Walter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Johansson, Tord
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Kupsc, Andrzej
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Schönning, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Thorén, Viktor
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Wolke, Magnus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Physics.
    Zou, J. H.
    Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
    Probing CP symmetry and weak phases with entangled double-strange baryons2022In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 606, no 7912, p. 64-69Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Though immensely successful, the standard model of particle physics does not offer any explanation as to why our Universe contains so much more matter than antimatter. A key to a dynamically generated matter-antimatter asymmetry is the existence of processes that violate the combined charge conjugation and parity (CP) symmetry(1). As such, precision tests of CP symmetry may be used to search for physics beyond the standard model. However, hadrons decay through an interplay of strong and weak processes, quantified in terms of relative phases between the amplitudes. Although previous experiments constructed CP observables that depend on both strong and weak phases, we present an approach where sequential two-body decays of entangled multi-strange baryon-antibaryon pairs provide a separation between these phases. Our method, exploiting spin entanglement between the double-strange baryon and its antiparticle(2) (+), has enabled a direct determination of the weak-phase difference, (xi(P) - xi(S)) = (1.2 +/- 3.4 +/- 0.8) x 10(-2) rad. Furthermore, three independent CP observables can be constructed from our measured parameters. The precision in the estimated parameters for a given data sample size is several orders of magnitude greater than achieved with previous methods(3). Finally, we provide an independent measurement of the recently debated Lambda decay parameter alpha(Lambda) (refs. (4,5)). The Lambda(Lambda) over bar asymmetry is in agreement with and compatible in precision to the most precise previous measurement(4).

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  • 6.
    Adler, Jeremy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Colour blindness: journals should enable image redisplay2021In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 599, no 7883, p. 32-32Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Ahlberg, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Clack, Jennifer
    Luksevics, Ervins
    Blom, Henning
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Zupins, Ivars
    Ventastega curonica and the origin of tetrapod morphology2008In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 453, no 7199, p. 1199-1204Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The gap in our understanding of the evolutionary transition from fish to tetrapod is beginning to close thanks to the discovery of new intermediate forms such as Tiktaalik roseae. Here we narrow it further by presenting the skull, exceptionally preserved braincase, shoulder girdle and partial pelvis of Ventastega curonica from the Late Devonian of Latvia, a transitional intermediate form between the 'elpistostegids' Panderichthys and Tiktaalik and the Devonian tetrapods (limbed vertebrates) Acanthostega and Ichthyostega. Ventastega is the most primitive Devonian tetrapod represented by extensive remains, and casts light on a part of the phylogeny otherwise only represented by fragmentary taxa: it illuminates the origin of principal tetrapod structures and the extent of morphological diversity among the transitional forms

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  • 8.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Birth of the jawed vertebrates2009In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 457, p. 1094-1095Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The discovery of embryos in certain fossil fishes not only shows that internal fertilization and live birth evolved early in vertebrate history, but also raises questions about the origin of jawed vertebrates.

  • 9. Ahlberg, Per E.
    Coelacanth fins and evolution1992In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 358, p. 459-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Ahlberg, Per E
    Natural History Museum of London.
    Elginerpeton pancheni and the earliest tetrapod clade1995In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 373, p. 420-425Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    Oxford University.
    Fossil fishes from Gogo1989In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 337, p. 511-512Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    Oxford University.
    Four legs to stand on for Devonian vertebrates1989In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 342, p. 738-Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    Natural History Museum of London.
    How to keep a head in order1997In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 385, p. 489-490Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    Natural History Museum of London .
    Something fishy in the family tree1999In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 397, p. 564-565Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    Oxford University.
    Tetrapod or near-tetrapod fossils from the Upper Devonian of Scotland1991In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 354, p. 298-301Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    Oxford University.
    Therapsids and trasformation series1993In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 361, p. 596-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    et al.
    Natural History Museum of London .
    Johanson, Z.
    a complete primitive rhizodont from Australia1998In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 394, p. 569-572Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    et al.
    Natural History Museum of London.
    Clack, J. A.
    Luksevics, E.
    Rapid braincase evolution between panderichthys and the earliest tetrapods1996In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 381, p. 61-64Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Clack, Jennifer A.
    Palaeontology: A firm step from water to land2006In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 440, no 7085, p. 747-749Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    et al.
    Natural History Museum of London .
    Johanson, Z.
    Osteolepiforms and the ancestry of tetrapods1998In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, no 395, p. 792-794Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Ahlberg, Per E.
    et al.
    Natural History Museum of London.
    Milner, A. R.
    The origin and early diversification of tetrapods1994In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 368, p. 507-514Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22. Ahlberg, Per Erik
    Glimpsing the hidden majority1990In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 344, p. 23-Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Ahlberg, Per Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Organism Biology.
    Trinajstic, Kate
    Johanson, Zerina
    Long, John
    Pelvic claspers confirm chondrichthyan-like internal fertilization in arthrodires2009In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 460, no 7257, p. 888-889Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent finds(1,2) demonstrate that internal fertilization and   viviparity (live birth) were more widespread in the Placodermi, an   extinct group of armoured fishes, than was previously realized.   Placoderms represent the sister group of the crown group jawed   vertebrates (Gnathostomata)(3,4), making their mode(s) of reproduction   potentially informative about primitive gnathostome conditions. An   ossified pelvic fin basipterygium discovered in the arthrodire   Incisoscutum ritchiei was hypothesized to be identical in males and   females, with males presumed to have an additional cartilaginous   element or series forming a clasper. Here we report the discovery of a   completely ossified pelvic clasper in Incisoscutum ritchiei (WAM   03.3.28) which shows that this interpretation was incorrect: the   basipterygium described previously(1) is in fact unique to females. The   male clasper is a slender rod attached to a square basal plate that   articulates directly with the pelvis. It carries a small cap of dermal   bone covered in denticles and small hooks that may be homologous with   the much larger dermal component of the ptyctodont clasper.

  • 24. Alfoeldi, Jessica
    et al.
    Di Palma, Federica
    Grabherr, Manfred
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Williams, Christina
    Kong, Lesheng
    Mauceli, Evan
    Russell, Pamela
    Lowe, Craig B.
    Glor, Richard E.
    Jaffe, Jacob D.
    Ray, David A.
    Boissinot, Stephane
    Shedlock, Andrew M.
    Botka, Christopher
    Castoe, Todd A.
    Colbourne, John K.
    Fujita, Matthew K.
    Moreno, Ricardo Godinez
    ten Hallers, Boudewijn F.
    Haussler, David
    Heger, Andreas
    Heiman, David
    Janes, Daniel E.
    Johnson, Jeremy
    de Jong, Pieter J.
    Koriabine, Maxim Y.
    Lara, Marcia
    Novick, Peter A.
    Organ, Chris L.
    Peach, Sally E.
    Poe, Steven
    Pollock, David D.
    de Queiroz, Kevin
    Sanger, Thomas
    Searle, Steve
    Smith, Jeremy D.
    Smith, Zachary
    Swofford, Ross
    Turner-Maier, Jason
    Wade, Juli
    Young, Sarah
    Zadissa, Amonida
    Edwards, Scott V.
    Glenn, Travis C.
    Schneider, Christopher J.
    Losos, Jonathan B.
    Lander, Eric S.
    Breen, Matthew
    Ponting, Chris P.
    Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    The genome of the green anole lizard and a comparative analysis with birds and mammals2011In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 477, no 7366, p. 587-591Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The evolution of the amniotic egg was one of the great evolutionary innovations in the history of life, freeing vertebrates from an obligatory connection to water and thus permitting the conquest of terrestrial environments(1). Among amniotes, genome sequences are available for mammals and birds(2-4), but not for non-avian reptiles. Here we report the genome sequence of the North American green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. We find that A. carolinensis microchromosomes are highly syntenic with chicken microchromosomes, yet do not exhibit the high GC and low repeat content that are characteristic of avian microchromosomes(2). Also, A. carolinensis mobile elements are very young and diverse-more so than in any other sequenced amniote genome. The GC content of this lizard genome is also unusual in its homogeneity, unlike the regionally variable GC content found in mammals and birds(5). We describe and assign sequence to the previously unknown A. carolinensis X chromosome. Comparative gene analysis shows that amniote egg proteins have evolved significantly more rapidly than other proteins. An anole phylogeny resolves basal branches to illuminate the history of their repeated adaptive radiations.

  • 25. Allen, Hana Lango
    et al.
    Estrada, Karol
    Lettre, Guillaume
    Berndt, Sonja I.
    Weedon, Michael N.
    Rivadeneira, Fernando
    Willer, Cristen J.
    Jackson, Anne U.
    Vedantam, Sailaja
    Raychaudhuri, Soumya
    Ferreira, Teresa
    Wood, Andrew R.
    Weyant, Robert J.
    Segre, Ayellet V.
    Speliotes, Elizabeth K.
    Wheeler, Eleanor
    Soranzo, Nicole
    Park, Ju-Hyun
    Yang, Jian
    Gudbjartsson, Daniel
    Heard-Costa, Nancy L.
    Randall, Joshua C.
    Qi, Lu
    Smith, Albert Vernon
    Maegi, Reedik
    Pastinen, Tomi
    Liang, Liming
    Heid, Iris M.
    Luan, Jian'an
    Thorleifsson, Gudmar
    Winkler, Thomas W.
    Goddard, Michael E.
    Lo, Ken Sin
    Palmer, Cameron
    Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie
    Aulchenko, Yurii S.
    Johansson, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Zillikens, M. Carola
    Feitosa, Mary F.
    Esko, Tonu
    Johnson, Toby
    Ketkar, Shamika
    Kraft, Peter
    Mangino, Massimo
    Prokopenko, Inga
    Absher, Devin
    Albrecht, Eva
    Ernst, Florian
    Glazer, Nicole L.
    Hayward, Caroline
    Hottenga, Jouke-Jan
    Jacobs, Kevin B.
    Knowles, Joshua W.
    Kutalik, Zoltan
    Monda, Keri L.
    Polasek, Ozren
    Preuss, Michael
    Rayner, Nigel W.
    Robertson, Neil R.
    Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur
    Tyrer, Jonathan P.
    Voight, Benjamin F.
    Wiklund, Fredrik
    Xu, Jianfeng
    Zhao, Jing Hua
    Nyholt, Dale R.
    Pellikka, Niina
    Perola, Markus
    Perry, John R. B.
    Surakka, Ida
    Tammesoo, Mari-Liis
    Altmaier, Elizabeth L.
    Amin, Najaf
    Aspelund, Thor
    Bhangale, Tushar
    Boucher, Gabrielle
    Chasman, Daniel I.
    Chen, Constance
    Coin, Lachlan
    Cooper, Matthew N.
    Dixon, Anna L.
    Gibson, Quince
    Grundberg, Elin
    Hao, Ke
    Junttila, M. Juhani
    Kaplan, Lee M.
    Kettunen, Johannes
    Koenig, Inke R.
    Kwan, Tony
    Lawrence, Robert W.
    Levinson, Douglas F.
    Lorentzon, Mattias
    McKnight, Barbara
    Morris, Andrew P.
    Mueller, Martina
    Ngwa, Julius Suh
    Purcell, Shaun
    Rafelt, Suzanne
    Salem, Rany M.
    Salvi, Erika
    Sanna, Serena
    Shi, Jianxin
    Sovio, Ulla
    Thompson, John R.
    Turchin, Michael C.
    Vandenput, Liesbeth
    Verlaan, Dominique J.
    Vitart, Veronique
    White, Charles C.
    Ziegler, Andreas
    Almgren, Peter
    Balmforth, Anthony J.
    Campbell, Harry
    Citterio, Lorena
    De Grandi, Alessandro
    Dominiczak, Anna
    Duan, Jubao
    Elliott, Paul
    Elosua, Roberto
    Eriksson, Johan G.
    Freimer, Nelson B.
    Geus, Eco J. C.
    Glorioso, Nicola
    Haiqing, Shen
    Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa
    Havulinna, Aki S.
    Hicks, Andrew A.
    Hui, Jennie
    Igl, Wilmar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Illig, Thomas
    Jula, Antti
    Kajantie, Eero
    Kilpelaeinen, Tuomas O.
    Koiranen, Markku
    Kolcic, Ivana
    Koskinen, Seppo
    Kovacs, Peter
    Laitinen, Jaana
    Liu, Jianjun
    Lokki, Marja-Liisa
    Marusic, Ana
    Maschio, Andrea
    Meitinger, Thomas
    Mulas, Antonella
    Pare, Guillaume
    Parker, Alex N.
    Peden, John F.
    Petersmann, Astrid
    Pichler, Irene
    Pietilainen, Kirsi H.
    Pouta, Anneli
    Riddertrale, Martin
    Rotter, Jerome I.
    Sambrook, Jennifer G.
    Sanders, Alan R.
    Schmidt, Carsten Oliver
    Sinisalo, Juha
    Smit, Jan H.
    Stringham, Heather M.
    Walters, G. Bragi
    Widen, Elisabeth
    Wild, Sarah H.
    Willemsen, Gonneke
    Zagato, Laura
    Zgaga, Lina
    Zitting, Paavo
    Alavere, Helene
    Farrall, Martin
    McArdle, Wendy L.
    Nelis, Mari
    Peters, Marjolein J.
    Ripatti, Samuli
    vVan Meurs, Joyce B. J.
    Aben, Katja K.
    Ardlie, Kristin G.
    Beckmann, Jacques S.
    Beilby, John P.
    Bergman, Richard N.
    Bergmann, Sven
    Collins, Francis S.
    Cusi, Daniele
    den Heijer, Martin
    Eiriksdottir, Gudny
    Gejman, Pablo V.
    Hall, Alistair S.
    Hamsten, Anders
    Huikuri, Heikki V.
    Iribarren, Carlos
    Kahonen, Mika
    Kaprio, Jaakko
    Kathiresan, Sekar
    Kiemeney, Lambertus
    Kocher, Thomas
    Launer, Lenore J.
    Lehtimaki, Terho
    Melander, Olle
    Mosley, Tom H., Jr.
    Musk, Arthur W.
    Nieminen, Markku S.
    O'Donnell, Christopher J.
    Ohlsson, Claes
    Oostra, Ben
    Palmer, Lyle J.
    Raitakari, Olli
    Ridker, Paul M.
    Rioux, John D.
    Rissanen, Aila
    Rivolta, Carlo
    Schunkert, Heribert
    Shuldiner, Alan R.
    Siscovick, David S.
    Stumvoll, Michael
    Toenjes, Anke
    Tuomilehto, Jaakko
    van Ommen, Gert-Jan
    Viikari, Jorma
    Heath, Andrew C.
    Martin, Nicholas G.
    Montgomery, Grant W.
    Province, Michael A.
    Kayser, Manfred
    Arnold, Alice M.
    Atwood, Larry D.
    Boerwinkle, Eric
    Chanock, Stephen J.
    Deloukas, Panos
    Gieger, Christian
    Gronberg, Henrik
    Hall, Per
    Hattersley, Andrew T.
    Hengstenberg, Christian
    Hoffman, Wolfgang
    Lathrop, G. Mark
    Salomaa, Veikko
    Schreiber, Stefan
    Uda, Manuela
    Waterworth, Dawn
    Wright, Alan F.
    Assimes, Themistocles L.
    Barroso, Ines
    Hofman, Albert
    Mohlke, Karen L.
    Boomsma, Dorret I.
    Caulfield, Mark J.
    Cupples, L. Adrienne
    Erdmann, Jeanette
    Fox, Caroline S.
    Gudnason, Vilmundur
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Harris, Tamara B.
    Hayes, Richard B.
    Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta
    Mooser, Vincent
    Munroe, Patricia B.
    Ouwehand, Willem H.
    Penninx, Brenda W.
    Pramstaller, Peter P.
    Quertermous, Thomas
    Rudan, Igor
    Samani, Nilesh J.
    Spector, Timothy D.
    Voelzke, Henry
    Watkins, Hugh
    Wilson, James F.
    Groop, Leif C.
    Haritunians, Talin
    Hu, Frank B.
    Kaplan, Robert C.
    Metspalu, Andres
    North, Kari E.
    Schlessinger, David
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Hunter, David J.
    O'Connell, Jeffrey R.
    Strachan, David P.
    Schadt, H. -Erich
    Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur
    Peltonen, Leena
    Uitterlinden, Andre G.
    Visscher, Peter M.
    Chatterjee, Nilanjan
    Loos, Ruth J. F.
    Boehnke, Michael
    McCarthy, Mark I.
    Ingelsson, Erik
    Lindgren, Cecilia M.
    Abecasis, Goncalo R.
    Stefansson, Kari
    Frayling, Timothy M.
    Hirschhorn, Joel N.
    Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height2010In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 467, no 7317, p. 832-838Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways.

  • 26. Amemiya, Chris T.
    et al.
    Alfoeldi, Jessica
    Lee, Alison P.
    Fan, Shaohua
    Philippe, Herve
    MacCallum, Iain
    Braasch, Ingo
    Manousaki, Tereza
    Schneider, Igor
    Rohner, Nicolas
    Organ, Chris
    Chalopin, Domitille
    Smith, Jeramiah J.
    Robinson, Mark
    Dorrington, Rosemary A.
    Gerdol, Marco
    Aken, Bronwen
    Biscotti, Maria Assunta
    Barucca, Marco
    Baurain, Denis
    Berlin, Aaron M.
    Blatch, Gregory L.
    Buonocore, Francesco
    Burmester, Thorsten
    Campbell, Michael S.
    Canapa, Adriana
    Cannon, John P.
    Christoffels, Alan
    De Moro, Gianluca
    Edkins, Adrienne L.
    Fan, Lin
    Fausto, Anna Maria
    Feiner, Nathalie
    Forconi, Mariko
    Gamieldien, Junaid
    Gnerre, Sante
    Gnirke, Andreas
    Goldstone, Jared V.
    Haerty, Wilfried
    Hahn, Mark E.
    Hesse, Uljana
    Hoffmann, Steve
    Johnson, Jeremy
    Karchner, Sibel I.
    Kuraku, Shigehiro
    Lara, Marcia
    Levin, Joshua Z.
    Litman, Gary W.
    Mauceli, Evan
    Miyake, Tsutomu
    Mueller, M. Gail
    Nelson, David R.
    Nitsche, Anne
    Olmo, Ettore
    Ota, Tatsuya
    Pallavicini, Alberto
    Panji, Sumir
    Picone, Barbara
    Ponting, Chris P.
    Prohaska, Sonja J.
    Przybylski, Dariusz
    Saha, Nil Ratan
    Ravi, Vydianathan
    Ribeiro, Filipe J.
    Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana
    Scapigliati, Giuseppe
    Searle, Stephen M. J.
    Sharpe, Ted
    Simakov, Oleg
    Stadler, Peter F.
    Stegeman, John J.
    Sumiyama, Kenta
    Tabbaa, Diana
    Tafer, Hakim
    Turner-Maier, Jason
    van Heusden, Peter
    White, Simon
    Williams, Louise
    Yandell, Mark
    Brinkmann, Henner
    Volff, Jean-Nicolas
    Tabin, Clifford J.
    Shubin, Neil
    Schartl, Manfred
    Jaffe, David B.
    Postlethwait, John H.
    Venkatesh, Byrappa
    Di Palma, Federica
    Lander, Eric S.
    Meyer, Axel
    Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution2013In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 496, no 7445, p. 311-316Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The discovery of a living coelacanth specimen in 1938 was remarkable, as this lineage of lobe-finned fish was thought to have become extinct 70 million years ago. The modern coelacanth looks remarkably similar to many of its ancient relatives, and its evolutionary proximity to our own fish ancestors provides a glimpse of the fish that first walked on land. Here we report the genome sequence of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. Through a phylogenomic analysis, we conclude that the lungfish, and not the coelacanth, is the closest living relative of tetrapods. Coelacanth protein-coding genes are significantly more slowly evolving than those of tetrapods, unlike other genomic features. Analyses of changes in genes and regulatory elements during the vertebrate adaptation to land highlight genes involved in immunity, nitrogen excretion and the development of fins, tail, ear, eye, brain and olfaction. Functional assays of enhancers involved in the fin-to-limb transition and in the emergence of extra-embryonic tissues show the importance of the coelacanth genome as a blueprint for understanding tetrapod evolution.

  • 27.
    Anderson, Kevin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Earth Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. Univ Manchester, Sch Engn, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
    Wrong tool for the job: Debating the bedrock of climate-change mitigation scenarios2019In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 573, no 7774, p. 348-348Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 28. Andersson, Lisa S.
    et al.
    Larhammar, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental Genetics.
    Memic, Fatima
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental Genetics.
    Wootz, Hanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental Genetics.
    Schwochow, Doreen
    Rubin, Carl-Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Patra, Kalicharan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental Genetics.
    Arnason, Thorvaldur
    Wellbring, Lisbeth
    Hjälm, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Imsland, Freyja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Petersen, Jessica L.
    McCue, Molly E.
    Mickelson, James R.
    Cothran, Gus
    Ahituv, Nadav
    Roepstorff, Lars
    Mikko, Sofia
    Vallstedt, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental Genetics.
    Lindgren, Gabriella
    Andersson, Leif
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Kullander, Klas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental Genetics.
    Mutations in DMRT3 affect locomotion in horses and spinal circuit function in mice2012In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 488, no 7413, p. 642-646Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Locomotion in mammals relies on a central pattern-generating circuitry of spinal interneurons established during development that coordinates limb movement(1). These networks produce left-right alternation of limbs as well as coordinated activation of flexor and extensor muscles(2). Here we show that a premature stop codon in the DMRT3 gene has a major effect on the pattern of locomotion in horses. The mutation is permissive for the ability to perform alternate gaits and has a favourable effect on harness racing performance. Examination of wild-type and Dmrt3-null mice demonstrates that Dmrt3 is expressed in the dI6 subdivision of spinal cord neurons, takes part in neuronal specification within this subdivision, and is critical for the normal development of a coordinated locomotor network controlling limb movements. Our discovery positions Dmrt3 in a pivotal role for configuring the spinal circuits controlling stride in vertebrates. The DMRT3 mutation has had a major effect on the diversification of the domestic horse, as the altered gait characteristics of a number of breeds apparently require this mutation.

  • 29.
    Andersson, Siv GE
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    Zomorodipour, A
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    Andersson, Jan O
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    Sicheritz-Ponten, T
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    Alsmark, UCM
    Uppsala University.
    Podowski, RM
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    Näslund, A Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    Eriksson, Ann-Sofie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    Winkler, HH
    Kurland, Charles G
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology.
    The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria1998In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 396, no 6707, p. 133-140Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe here the complete genome sequence (1,111,523 base pairs) of the obligate intracellular parasite Rickettsia prowazekii, the causative agent of epidemic typhus. This genome contains 834 protein-coding genes. The functional profiles of these genes show similarities to those of mitochondrial genes: no genes required for anaerobic glycolysis are found in either R. prowazekii or mitochondrial genomes, but a complete set of genes encoding components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory-chain complex is found in R. prowazekii. In effect, ATP production in Rickettsia is the same as that in mitochondria. Many genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of biosynthesis of amino acids and nucleosides in free-living bacteria are absent from R. prowazekii and mitochondria. Such genes seem to have been replaced by homologues in the nuclear (host) genome. The R. prowazekii genome contains the highest proportion of non-coding DNA (24%) detected so far in a microbial genome. Such non-coding sequences may be degraded remnants of 'neutralized' genes that await elimination from the genome. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that R. prowazekii is more closely related to mitochondria than is any other microbe studied so far.

  • 30. Aplin, Lucy M.
    et al.
    Farine, Damien R.
    Morand-Ferron, Julie
    Cockburn, Andrew
    Thornton, Alex
    Sheldon, Ben C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics.
    Experimentally induced innovations lead to persistent culture via conformity in wild birds2015In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 518, no 7540, p. 538-541Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In human societies, cultural norms arise when behaviours are transmitted through social networks via high-fidelity social learning'. However, a paucity of experimental studies has meant that there is no comparable understanding of the process by which socially transmitted behaviours might spread and persist in animal populations'''. Here we show experimental evidence of the establishment of foraging traditions in a wild bird population. We introduced alternative novel foraging techniques into replicated wild sub-populations of great tits (Parus major) and used automated tracking to map the diffusion, establishment and long-term persistence of the seeded innovations. Furthermore, we used social network analysis to examine the social factors that influenced diffusion dynamics. From only two trained birds in each sub-population, the information spread rapidly through social network ties, to reach an average of 75% of individuals, with a total of 414 knowledgeable individuals performing 57,909 solutions over all replicates. The sub-populations were heavily biased towards using the technique that was originally introduced, resulting in established local traditions that were stable over two generations, despite a high population turnover. Finally, we demonstrate a strong effect of social conformity, with individuals disproportionately adopting the most frequent local variant when first acquiring an innovation, and continuing to favour social information over personal information. Cultural conformity is thought to be a key factor in the evolution of complex culture in humans''. In providing the first experimental demonstration of conformity in a wild non-primate, and of cultural norms in foraging techniques in any wild animal, our results suggest a much broader taxonomic occurrence of such an apparently complex cultural behaviour.

  • 31.
    Armstrong, Joel
    et al.
    UC Santa Cruz, Genom Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Hickey, Glenn
    UC Santa Cruz, Genom Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Diekhans, Mark
    UC Santa Cruz, Genom Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Fiddes, Ian T.
    UC Santa Cruz, Genom Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Novak, Adam M.
    UC Santa Cruz, Genom Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Deran, Alden
    UC Santa Cruz, Genom Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Fang, Qi
    BGI Shenzhen, Beishan Ind Zone, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol & Evolut, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Xie, Duo
    BGI Shenzhen, Beishan Ind Zone, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;Univ Chinese Acad Sci, BGI Educ Ctr, Shenzhen, Peoples R China..
    Feng, Shaohong
    BGI Shenzhen, Beishan Ind Zone, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Zool, State Key Lab Genet Resources & Evolut, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China..
    Stiller, Josefin
    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol & Evolut, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Genereux, Diane
    Broad Inst Harvard & Massachusetts Inst Technol M, Cambridge, MA USA..
    Johnson, Jeremy
    Broad Inst Harvard & Massachusetts Inst Technol M, Cambridge, MA USA..
    Marinescu, Voichita Dana
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Alföldi, Jessica
    Broad Inst Harvard & Massachusetts Inst Technol M, Cambridge, MA USA..
    Harris, Robert S.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA..
    Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Broad Inst Harvard & Massachusetts Inst Technol M, Cambridge, MA USA..
    Haussler, David
    Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA..
    Karlsson, Elinor
    Broad Inst Harvard & Massachusetts Inst Technol M, Cambridge, MA USA.;Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Mol Med, Worcester, MA USA.;Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Bioinformat & Integrat Biol, Worcester, MA USA..
    Jarvis, Erich D.
    Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA.;Rockefeller Univ, Lab Neurogenet Language, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA..
    Zhang, Guojie
    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol & Evolut, Copenhagen, Denmark.;Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Zool, State Key Lab Genet Resources & Evolut, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Anim Evolut & Genet, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;BGI Shenzhen, China Natl GeneBank, Shenzhen, Peoples R China..
    Paten, Benedict
    UC Santa Cruz, Genom Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA..
    Progressive Cactus is a multiple-genome aligner for the thousand-genome era2020In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 587, no 7833, p. 246-251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    New genome assemblies have been arriving at a rapidly increasing pace, thanks to decreases in sequencing costs and improvements in third-generation sequencing technologies(1-3). For example, the number of vertebrate genome assemblies currently in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database(4) increased by more than 50% to 1,485 assemblies in the year from July 2018 to July 2019. In addition to this influx of assemblies from different species, new human de novo assemblies(5) are being produced, which enable the analysis of not only small polymorphisms, but also complex, large-scale structural differences between human individuals and haplotypes. This coming era and its unprecedented amount of data offer the opportunity to uncover many insights into genome evolution but also present challenges in how to adapt current analysis methods to meet the increased scale. Cactus(6), a reference-free multiple genome alignment program, has been shown to be highly accurate, but the existing implementation scales poorly with increasing numbers of genomes, and struggles in regions of highly duplicated sequences. Here we describe progressive extensions to Cactus to create Progressive Cactus, which enables the reference-free alignment of tens to thousands of large vertebrate genomes while maintaining high alignment quality. We describe results from an alignment of more than 600 amniote genomes, which is to our knowledge the largest multiple vertebrate genome alignment created so far. The Progressive Cactus program can create reference-free alignments of hundreds of large vertebrate genomes efficiently, and is used for the alignment of more than 600 amniote genomes.

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  • 32. Arnegard, Matthew E.
    et al.
    McGee, Matthew D.
    Matthews, Blake
    Marchinko, Kerry B.
    Conte, Gina L.
    Kabir, Sahriar
    Bedford, Nicole
    Bergek, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal ecology.
    Chan, Yingguang Frank
    Jones, Felicity C.
    Kingsley, David M.
    Peichel, Catherine L.
    Schluter, Dolph
    Genetics of ecological divergence during speciation2014In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 511, no 7509, p. 307-311Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ecological differences often evolve early in speciation as divergent natural selection drives adaptation to distinct ecological niches, leading ultimately to reproductive isolation. Although this process is a major generator of biodiversity, its genetic basis is still poorly understood. Here we investigate the genetic architecture of niche differentiation in a sympatric species pair of threespine stickleback fish by mapping the environment-dependent effects of phenotypic traits on hybrid feeding and performance under semi-natural conditions. We show that multiple, unlinked loci act largely additively to determine position along the major niche axis separating these recently diverged species. We also find that functional mismatch between phenotypic traits reduces the growth of some stickleback hybrids beyond that expected from an intermediate phenotype, suggesting a role for epistasis between the underlying genes. This functional mismatch might lead to hybrid incompatibilities that are analogous to those underlying intrinsic reproductive isolation but depend on the ecological context.

  • 33. Arner, Peter
    et al.
    Bernard, Samuel
    Salehpour, Mehran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy.
    Possnert, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy.
    Liebl, Jakob
    Steier, Peter
    Buchholz, Bruce A.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Arner, Erik
    Hauner, Hans
    Skurk, Thomas
    Ryden, Mikael
    Frayn, Keith N.
    Spalding, Kirsty L.
    Dynamics of human adipose lipid turnover in health and metabolic disease2011In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 478, no 7367, p. 110-113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adipose tissue mass is determined by the storage and removal of triglycerides in adipocytes(1). Little is known, however, about adipose lipid turnover in humans in health and pathology. To study this in vivo, here we determined lipid age by measuring (14)C derived from above ground nuclear bomb tests in adipocyte lipids. We report that during the average ten-year lifespan of human adipocytes, triglycerides are renewed six times. Lipid age is independent of adipocyte size, is very stable across a wide range of adult ages and does not differ between genders. Adipocyte lipid turnover, however, is strongly related to conditions with disturbed lipid metabolism. In obesity, triglyceride removal rate (lipolysis followed by oxidation) is decreased and the amount of triglycerides stored each year is increased. In contrast, both lipid removal and storage rates are decreased in non-obese patients diagnosed with the most common hereditary form of dyslipidaemia, familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Lipid removal rate is positively correlated with the capacity of adipocytes to break down triglycerides, as assessed through lipolysis, and is inversely related to insulin resistance. Our data support a mechanism in which adipocyte lipid storage and removal have different roles in health and pathology. High storage but low triglyceride removal promotes fat tissue accumulation and obesity. Reduction of both triglyceride storage and removal decreases lipid shunting through adipose tissue and thus promotes dyslipidaemia. We identify adipocyte lipid turnover as a novel target for prevention and treatment of metabolic disease.

  • 34.
    Arnqvist, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal ecology.
    Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection1998In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 393, no 6687, p. 784-786Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Arnqvist, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal ecology.
    Sex wars: Genes, bacteria, and biased sex ratios2003In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 424, no 6949, p. 616-617Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 36.
    Arnqvist, Göran
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal ecology.
    Jones, T M
    Elgar, M A
    Insect behaviour: Reversal of sex roles in nuptial feeding2003In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 424, no 6947, p. 387-387Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Arnqvist, Göran
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal ecology.
    Rowe, L
    Antagonistic coevolution between the sexes in a group of insects2002In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 415, no 6873, p. 787-789Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Axelsson, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Ratnakumar, Abhirami
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Arendt, Maja Louise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Maqbool, Khurram
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Webster, Matthew T.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Perloski, Michele
    Liberg, Olof
    Arnemo, Jon M.
    Hedhammar, Ake
    Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet2013In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 495, no 7441, p. 360-364Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The domestication of dogs. was an important episode in the development of human civilization. The precise timing and location of this event is debated(1-5) and little is known about the genetic changes that accompanied the transformation of ancient wolves into domestic dogs. Here we conduct whole-genome resequencimg of dogs and wolves to identify 3.8 million genetic variants used to identify 36 genomic regions that probably represent targets for selection during dog domestication. Nineteen of these regions contain genes important in brain function, eight of which belong to nervous system development pathways and potentially underlie behavioural changes central to dog domestication(6). Ten genes with key roles in starch digestion and fat metabolism also show signals of selection. We identify candidate mutations in key genes and provide functional support for an increased starch digestion in dogs relative to wolves. Our results indicate that novel adaptations allowing the early ancestors of modern dogs to thrive on a diet rich in starch, relative to the carnivorous diet of wolves, constituted a crucial step in the early domestication of dogs.

  • 39. Aziz, Emad F.
    et al.
    Ottosson, Niklas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Physics, Department of Physics.
    Faubel, Manfred
    Hertel, Ingolf V.
    Winter, Bernd
    Interaction between liquid water and hydroxide revealed by core-hole de-excitation2008In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 455, no 7209, p. 89-91Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The hydroxide ion plays an important role in many chemical and biochemical processes in aqueous solution(1). But ourmolecular- level understanding of its unusual and fast transport in water, and of the solvation patterns that allow fast transport, is far from complete. One proposal seeks to explain the properties and behaviour of the hydroxide ion by essentially regarding it as a water molecule that is missing a proton(2), and by inferring transport mechanisms and hydration structures from those of the excess proton. A competing proposal invokes instead unique and interchanging hydroxide hydration complexes, particularly the hypercoordinated OH-(H2O)(4) species and tri- coordinated OH-(H2O)(3) that can form a transient hydrogen bond between the H atom of the OH- and a neighbouring water molecule(3-5). Here we report measurements of core- level photoelectron emission and intermolecular Coulombic decay(6-8) for an aqueous hydroxide solution, which show that the hydrated hydroxide ion is capable of transiently donating a hydrogen bond to surrounding watermolecules. In agreement with recent experimental studies of hydroxide solutions(9-12), our finding thus supports the notion that the hydration structure of the hydroxide ion cannot be inferred from that of the hydrated excess proton.

  • 40.
    Bader, Erik
    et al.
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Stem Cell Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Migliorini, Adriana
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Stem Cell Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Gegg, Moritz
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Stem Cell Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Moruzzi, Noah
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Mol Med & Surg, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Gerdes, Jantje
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Roscioni, Sara S.
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Bakhti, Mostafa
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Brandl, Elisabeth
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Irmler, Martin
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Expt Genet, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Beckers, Johannes
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Expt Genet, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Ismaninger Str 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany..
    Aichler, Michaela
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Res Unit Analyt Pathol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Feuchtinger, Annette
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Res Unit Analyt Pathol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Leitzinger, Christin
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Mol Toxicol & Pharmacol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Zischka, Hans
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Mol Toxicol & Pharmacol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Wang-Sattler, Rui
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Jastroch, Martin
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Obes, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Tschoep, Matthias
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Obes, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany..
    Machicao, Fausto
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Univ Tubingen, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet Res & Metab Dis, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Staiger, Harald
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Univ Tubingen, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet Res & Metab Dis, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Univ Tubingen, Div Endocrinol Diabetol Vasc Dis Nephrol & Clin C, Dept Internal Med, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Haering, Hans-Ulrich
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Univ Tubingen, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet Res & Metab Dis, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.;Univ Tubingen, Div Endocrinol Diabetol Vasc Dis Nephrol & Clin C, Dept Internal Med, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany..
    Chmelova, Helena
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Tech Univ Dresden, Univ Clin Carl Gustav Carus, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, PLID, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.;Tech Univ Dresden, Fac Med, DFG Ctr Regenerat Therapies Dresden CRTD, D-01307 Dresden, Germany..
    Chouinard, Julie A.
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Tech Univ Dresden, Univ Clin Carl Gustav Carus, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, PLID, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.;Tech Univ Dresden, Fac Med, DFG Ctr Regenerat Therapies Dresden CRTD, D-01307 Dresden, Germany..
    Oskolkov, Nikolay
    Lund Univ, Ctr Diabet, Diabet & Endocrinol, S-20502 Malmo, Sweden..
    Korsgren, Olle
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology.
    Speier, Stephan
    German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Tech Univ Dresden, Univ Clin Carl Gustav Carus, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, PLID, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.;Tech Univ Dresden, Fac Med, DFG Ctr Regenerat Therapies Dresden CRTD, D-01307 Dresden, Germany..
    Lickert, Heiko
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Diabet & Regenerat Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Stem Cell Res, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Ismaninger Str 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany..
    Identification of proliferative and mature beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans2016In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 535, no 7612, p. 430-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Insulin-dependent diabetes is a complex multifactorial disorder characterized by loss or dysfunction of beta-cells. Pancreatic beta-cells differ in size, glucose responsiveness, insulin secretion and precursor cell potential(1-5); understanding the mechanisms that underlie this functional heterogeneity might make it possible to develop new regenerative approaches. Here we show that Fltp (also known as Flattop and Cfap126), a Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) effector and reporter gene(6), acts as a marker gene that subdivides endocrine cells into two subpopulations and distinguishes proliferation-competent from mature beta-cells with distinct molecular, physiological and ultrastructural features. Genetic lineage tracing revealed that endocrine subpopulations from Fltp-negative and -positive lineages react differently to physiological and pathological changes. The expression of Fltp increases when endocrine cells cluster together to form polarized and mature 3D islet mini-organs(7-9). We show that 3D architecture and Wnt/PCP ligands are sufficient to trigger beta-cell maturation. By contrast, the Wnt/PCP effector Fltp is not necessary for beta-cell development, proliferation or maturation. We conclude that 3D architecture and Wnt/PCP signalling underlie functional beta-cell heterogeneity and induce beta-cell maturation. The identification of Fltp as a marker for endocrine subpopulations sheds light on the molecular underpinnings of islet cell heterogeneity and plasticity and might enable targeting of endocrine subpopulations for the regeneration of functional beta-cell mass in diabetic patients.

  • 41.
    Bahram, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Systematic Biology.
    Hildebrand, Falk
    Forslund, Sofia K
    Anderson, Jennifer L
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Systematic Biology.
    Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A
    Bodegom, Peter M
    Bengtsson-Palme, Johan
    Anslan, Sten
    Coelho, Luis Pedro
    Harend, Helery
    Huerta-Cepas, Jaime
    Medema, Marnix H
    Maltz, Mia R
    Mundra, Sunil
    Olsson, Pål Axel
    Pent, Mari
    Põlme, Sergei
    Sunagawa, Shinichi
    Ryberg, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Systematic Biology.
    Tedersoo, Leho
    Bork, Peer
    Structure and function of the global topsoil microbiome.2018In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 560, no 7717, p. 233-237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Soils harbour some of the most diverse microbiomes on Earth and are essential for both nutrient cycling and carbon storage. To understand soil functioning, it is necessary to model the global distribution patterns and functional gene repertoires of soil microorganisms, as well as the biotic and environmental associations between the diversity and structure of both bacterial and fungal soil communities1-4. Here we show, by leveraging metagenomics and metabarcoding of global topsoil samples (189 sites, 7,560 subsamples), that bacterial, but not fungal, genetic diversity is highest in temperate habitats and that microbial gene composition varies more strongly with environmental variables than with geographic distance. We demonstrate that fungi and bacteria show global niche differentiation that is associated with contrasting diversity responses to precipitation and soil pH. Furthermore, we provide evidence for strong bacterial-fungal antagonism, inferred from antibiotic-resistance genes, in topsoil and ocean habitats, indicating the substantial role of biotic interactions in shaping microbial communities. Our results suggest that both competition and environmental filtering affect the abundance, composition and encoded gene functions of bacterial and fungal communities, indicating that the relative contributions of these microorganisms to global nutrient cycling varies spatially.

  • 42. Bailleul, Benjamin
    et al.
    Berne, Nicolas
    Murik, Omer
    Petroutsos, Dimitris
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Physiology and Environmental Toxicology.
    Prihoda, Judit
    Tanaka, Atsuko
    Villanova, Valeria
    Bligny, Richard
    Flori, Serena
    Falconet, Denis
    Krieger-Liszkay, Anja
    Santabarbara, Stefano
    Rappaport, Fabrice
    Joliot, Pierre
    Tirichine, Leila
    Falkowski, Paul G
    Cardol, Pierre
    Bowler, Chris
    Finazzi, Giovanni
    Energetic coupling between plastids and mitochondria drives CO2 assimilation in diatoms.2015In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 524, no 7565, p. 366-9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Diatoms are one of the most ecologically successful classes of photosynthetic marine eukaryotes in the contemporary oceans. Over the past 30 million years, they have helped to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, sequestering it via the biological carbon pump and ultimately burying organic carbon in the lithosphere. The proportion of planetary primary production by diatoms in the modern oceans is roughly equivalent to that of terrestrial rainforests. In photosynthesis, the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide into organic matter requires a tight control of the ATP/NADPH ratio which, in other photosynthetic organisms, relies principally on a range of plastid-localized ATP generating processes. Here we show that diatoms regulate ATP/NADPH through extensive energetic exchanges between plastids and mitochondria. This interaction comprises the re-routing of reducing power generated in the plastid towards mitochondria and the import of mitochondrial ATP into the plastid, and is mandatory for optimized carbon fixation and growth. We propose that the process may have contributed to the ecological success of diatoms in the ocean.

  • 43.
    Bakkeren, Erik
    et al.
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Inst Microbiol, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Huisman, Jana S.
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland;Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Fattinger, Stefan A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Inst Microbiol, Zurich, Switzerland;Uppsala Univ, Sci Life Lab, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Hausmann, Annika
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Inst Microbiol, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Furter, Markus
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Inst Microbiol, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Egli, Adrian
    Univ Hosp Basel, Div Clin Microbiol, Basel, Switzerland;Univ Basel, Dept Biomed, Appl Microbiol Res, Basel, Switzerland.
    Slack, Emma
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Inst Microbiol, Zurich, Switzerland;Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Nutr & Hlth, Dept Hlth Sci & Technol, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Sellin, Mikael E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Bonhoeffer, Sebastian
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Regoes, Roland R.
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Diard, Mederic
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Inst Microbiol, Zurich, Switzerland;Univ Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland.
    Hardt, Wolf-Dietrich
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Biol, Inst Microbiol, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Salmonella persisters promote the spread of antibiotic resistance plasmids in the gut2019In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 573, no 7773, p. 276-280Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through mutations or the acquisition of genetic material such as resistance plasmids represents a major public health issue(1,2). Persisters are subpopulations of bacteria that survive antibiotics by reversibly adapting their physiology(3-10), and can promote the emergence of antibiotic-resistant mutants(11). We investigated whether persisters can also promote the spread of resistance plasmids. In contrast to mutations, the transfer of resistance plasmids requires the co-occurrence of both a donor and a recipient bacterial strain. For our experiments, we chose the facultative intracellular entero-pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and Escherichia coli, a common member of the microbiota(12). S. Typhimurium forms persisters that survive antibiotic therapy in several host tissues. Here we show that tissue-associated S. Typhimurium persisters represent long-lived reservoirs of plasmid donors or recipients. The formation of reservoirs of S. Typhimurium persisters requires Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1 and/or SPI-2 in gut-associated tissues, or SPI-2 at systemic sites. The re-seeding of these persister bacteria into the gut lumen enables the co-occurrence of donors with gut-resident recipients, and thereby favours plasmid transfer between various strains of Enterobacteriaceae. We observe up to 99% transconjugants within two to three days of re-seeding. Mathematical modelling shows that rare re-seeding events may suffice for a high frequency of conjugation. Vaccination reduces the formation of reservoirs of persisters after oral infection with S. Typhimurium, as well as subsequent plasmid transfer. We conclude that-even without selection for plasmid-encoded resistance genes-small reservoirs of pathogen persisters can foster the spread of promiscuous resistance plasmids in the gut.

  • 44. Barends, Thomas R. M.
    et al.
    Hartmann, Elisabeth
    Griese, Julia J.
    Beitlich, Thorsten
    Kirienko, Natalia V.
    Ryjenkov, Dmitri A.
    Reinstein, Jochen
    Shoeman, Robert L.
    Gomelsky, Mark
    Schlichting, Ilme
    Structure and mechanism of a bacterial light-regulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase2009In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 459, p. 1015-1018Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ability to respond to light is crucial for most organisms. BLUF is a recently identified photoreceptor protein domain that senses blue light using a FAD chromophore. BLUF domains are present in various proteins from the Bacteria, Euglenozoa and Fungi. Although structures of single-domain BLUF proteins have been determined, none are available for a BLUF protein containing a functional output domain; the mechanism of light activation in this new class of photoreceptors has thus remained poorly understood. Here we report the biochemical, structural and mechanistic characterization of a full-length, active photoreceptor, BlrP1 (also known as KPN_01598), from Klebsiella pneumoniae. BlrP1 consists of a BLUF sensor domain and a phosphodiesterase EAL output domain which hydrolyses cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP). This ubiquitous second messenger controls motility, biofilm formation, virulence and antibiotic resistance in the Bacteria. Crystal structures of BlrP1 complexed with its substrate and metal ions involved in catalysis or in enzyme inhibition provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism of the EAL-domain c-di-GMP phosphodiesterases. These structures also sketch out a path of light activation of the phosphodiesterase output activity. Photon absorption by the BLUF domain of one subunit of the antiparallel BlrP1 homodimer activates the EAL domain of the second subunit through allosteric communication transmitted through conserved domain-domain interfaces.

  • 45. Barsh, Gregory S.
    et al.
    Andersson, Leif
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Evolutionary genomics: Detecting selection2013In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 495, no 7441, p. 325-326Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 46. Behar, Doron M.
    et al.
    Yunusbayev, Bayazit
    Metspalu, Mait
    Metspalu, Ene
    Rosset, Saharon
    Parik, Jüri
    Rootsi, Siiri
    Chaubey, Gyaneshwer
    Kutuev, Ildus
    Yudkovsky, Guennady
    Khusnutdinova, Elza K.
    Balanovsky, Oleg
    Semino, Ornella
    Pereira, Luisa
    Comas, David
    Gurwitz, David
    Bonne-Tamir, Batsheva
    Parfitt, Tudor
    Hammer, Michael F.
    Skorecki, Karl
    Villems, Richard
    Uppsala University, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS).
    The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people2010In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 466, no 7303, p. 238-242Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A comparison of genomic data from 14 Jewish communities across the world with data from 69 non-Jewish populations reveals a close relationship between most of today's Jews and non-Jewish populations from the Levant. This fits in with the idea that most contemporary Jews are descended from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant. By contrast, the Ethiopian and Indian Jewish communities cluster with neighbouring non-Jewish populations in Ethiopia and western India, respectively. This may be partly because a greater degree of genetic, religious and cultural crossover took place when the Jewish communities in these areas became established.

  • 47. Berggren, Gustav
    et al.
    Adamska, A.
    Lambertz, C.
    Simmons, T. R.
    Esselborn, J.
    Atta, M.
    Gambarelli, S.
    Mouesca, J. M.
    Reijerse, E.
    Lubitz, W.
    Happe, T.
    Artero, V.
    Fontecave, M.
    Biomimetic assembly and activation of [FeFe]-hydrogenases2013In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 499, no 7456, p. 66-69Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Berglund, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Animal Ecology.
    Evolutionary biology: Pregnant fathers in charge2010In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 464, no 7287, p. 364-365Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Betsholtz, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology. Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och biofysik, Karolinska Institutet.
    Double function at the blood-brain barrier2014In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 509, no 7501, p. 432-433Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Betsholtz, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology.
    Transcriptional control of endothelial energy2016In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 529, no 7585, p. 160-161Article in journal (Other academic)
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