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  • 1.
    Abdulkarim, Farhad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Molecular Biology.
    Ehrenberg, Måns
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Molecular Biology.
    Hughes, Diarmaid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Molecular Biology.
    Mutants of EF-Tu defective in binding aminoacyl-tRNA1996In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 382, no 3, p. 297-303Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Five single amino acid substitution variants of EF-Tu from Salmonella typhimurium were tested for their ability to promote poly(U)-translation in vitro. The substitutions are Leu120Gln, Gln124Arg and Tyr160 (Asp or Asn or Cys). They were selected by their kirromycin resistant phenotypes and all substitutions are in domain I at the interface between domains I and III of the EF-Tu · GTP configuration. The different EF-Tu variants exhibit a spectrum of phenotypes. First, k(cat)/K(M) for the interaction between ternary complex and the programmed ribosome is apparently reduced by the substitutions Leu120Gln, Gln124Arg and Tyr160Cys. Second, this reduction is caused by a defect in the interaction between these EF-Tu variants and aminoacyl-tRNA during translation. Third, in four cases out of five the affinity of the complex between EF-Tu · GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA is significantly decreased. The most drastic reduction is observed for the Gln124Arg change, where the association constant is 30-fold lower than in the mild-type case. Fourth, missense errors are increased as well as decreased by the different amino acid substitutions. Finally, the dissociation rate constant (k(d)) for the release of GDP from EF-Tu is increased 6-fold by the Tyr160Cys substitution, but remains unchanged in the four other cases. These results show that the formation of ternary complex is sensitive to many different alterations in the domain I-III interface of EF-Tu.

  • 2.
    Abdulkarim, Farhad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Molecular Biology.
    Liljas, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Molecular Biology.
    Hughes, Diarmaid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Molecular Biology.
    Mutations to kirromycin resistance occur in the interface of domains I and III of EF-Tu.GTP1994In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 352, p. 118-122Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The antibiotic kirromycin inhibits protein synthesis by binding to EF-Tu and preventing its release from the ribosome after GTP hydrolysis.We have isolated and sequenced a collection of kirromycin resistant tuf mutations and identified thirteen single amino acid substitutions at sevendifferent sites in EF-Tu. These have been mapped onto the 3D structures of EF-Tu’GTP and EF-Tu.GDP. In the active GTP form of EF-Tu themutations cluster on each side of the interface between domains I and III. We propose that this domain interface is the binding site for kirromycin.

  • 3.
    Aspenström, Pontus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    The verprolin family of proteins: Regulators of cell morphogenesis and endocytosis2005In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 579, no 24, p. 5253-5259Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The verprolin family of proteins, WIP, CR16 and WIRE/WICH, has emerged as critical regulators of cytoskeletal organisation in vertebrate cells. The founding father of the family, verprolin, was originally identified in budding yeast and later shown to be needed for actin polymerisation during polarised growth and during endocytosis. The vertebrate verprolins regulate actin dynamics either by binding directly to actin, by binding the WASP family of proteins or by binding to other actin regulating proteins. Interestingly, also the vertebrate verprolins have been implicated in endocytosis, demonstrating that most of the functional modules in this fascinating group of proteins have been conserved from yeast to man.

  • 4.
    Badhai, Jitendra
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics.
    Fröjmark, Anne-Sophie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics.
    Razzaghian, Hamid Reza
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics.
    Davey, Edward
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics.
    Schuster, Jens
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics.
    Dahl, Niklas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics.
    Posttranscriptional down-regulation of small ribosomal subunit proteinscorrelates with reduction of 18S rRNA in RPS19 deficiency2009In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 583, no 12, p. 2049-2053Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) is mutated in patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). We hypothesized that decreased levels of RPS19 lead to a coordinated down-regulation of other ribosomal (r-)proteins at the subunit level. We show that small interfering RNA (siRNA) knock-down of RPS19 results in a relative decrease of small subunit (SSU) r-proteins (S20, S21 and S24) when compared to large subunit (LSU) r-proteins (L3, L9, L30 and L38). This correlates with a relative decrease in 18S rRNA with respect to 28S rRNA. The r-protein mRNA levels remain relatively unchanged indicating a post transcriptional regulation of r-proteins at the level of subunit formation.

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  • 5.
    Basu, Samar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Oxidative injury and survival during endotoxemia1998In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 438, no 3, p. 159-160Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates the plasma levels of 8-iso-PGF2alpha, a non-enzymatic, and 15-K-DH-PGF2alpha, a cyclooxygenase catalyzed oxidation product of arachidonic acid in an experimental porcine endotoxemic shock model. A significant (P < 0.001) and rapid appearance and disappearance of PGF2alpha metabolite after endotoxin infusion was very similar in both non-survival and survival groups indicating an acute progression and recession of inflammation. When oxidative injury was assessed by measuring free 8-iso-PGF2alpha the levels in plasma increased significantly up to 2 h and remained at this level until death among the non-survivors. This was apparently different from the survivors where the 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels increased to its height at 1 h, then decreased to the basal levels after 5 h. Thus, free radical and cyclooxygenase catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid occurs during endotoxemia. Free radical dependent oxidative injury following endotoxin induced inflammation may be the major cause of organ failure and increased mortality.

  • 6.
    Basu, Samar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Hellberg, A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Ulus, A. T.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Westman, Jan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology.
    Karacagil, Sadettin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Biomarkers of free radical injury during spinal cord ischemia2001In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 508, no 1, p. 36-38Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Plasma and urinary levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) were analysed at baseline and during the ischemia-reperfusion period in experimental spinal cord ischemia. A significant and immediate increase of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) in plasma at the start and up to 60 min, and in the urine at 90-150 min following ischemia indicate an association of oxidative injury. The inflammatory response indicator 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) in plasma increased significantly at the start and up to 60 min after ischemia. No such increase was seen in animals with no spinal cord ischemia. Thus, free radical mediated and cyclooxygenase catalysed products of arachidonic acid are increased during spinal cord ischemia as a consequence of oxidative injury and inflammation.

  • 7.
    Basu, Samar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Nozari, A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Liu, X. L.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Rubertsson, Sten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Wiklund, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Development of a novel biomarker of free radical damage in reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest2000In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 470, no 1, p. 1-6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a porcine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), we investigated changes in the plasma levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), a marker for oxidative injury, and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha), an inflammatory response indicator during the post-resuscitation period after cardiac arrest. Twelve piglets were subjected to either 2 or 5 min (VF2 and VF5 group) of ventricular fibrillation (VF) followed by 5 min of closed-chest CPR. Six piglets without cardiac arrest were used as controls. In VF5 group, 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) in the jugular bulb plasma (draining the brain) increased four-fold. Jugular bulb 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) in the control group remained unchanged. The 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) also increased four-fold in the VF5 group. Thus, 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) measurements in jugular bulb plasma may be used as biomarkers for quantification of free radical catalyzed oxidative brain injury and inflammatory response in reperfusion injury

  • 8.
    Bergström, Gunnel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Ek, Pia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Dahlqvist, Ulla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Humble, Elisabet
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Engström, Lorentz
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Subtilisin-catalyzed removal of phosphorylated site of pig liver pyruvate kinase without inactivation of the enzyme1975In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 56, no 2, p. 288-291Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Björkholm, Patrik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Evolution.
    Ernst, Andreas M.
    Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA..
    Hagström, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Evolution.
    Andersson, Siv G. E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Evolution.
    Why mitochondria need a genome revisited2017In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 591, no 1, p. 65-75Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we experimentally address the debate about why functional transfer of mitochondrial genes to the nucleus has been halted in some organismal groups and why cytosolic expression of mitochondrial proteins has proven remarkably difficult. By expressing all 13 human mitochondrial-encoded genes with strong mitochondrial-targeting sequences in the cytosol of human cells, we show that all proteins, except ATP8, are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These results confirm and extend previous findings based on three mitochondrial genes lacking mitochondrial-targeting sequences that also were relocated to the ER during cytosolic expression. We conclude that subcellular protein targeting constitutes a major barrier to functional transfer of mitochondrial genes to the nuclear genome.

  • 10.
    Bondeson, K
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Rönn, O
    Magnusson, G
    DNA binding of polyomavirus large T-antigen: kinetics of interactions with different types of binding sites.1998In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 423, no 3, p. 307-13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyomavirus large T-antigen binds to GRGGC sites in double-stranded viral DNA, regulating transcription and replication. Using surface plasmon resonance to record interactions of large T-antigen with different types of binding sites, we found that the configuration of recognition motifs influenced both the association and dissociation rates. Particularly, the complex formed at the origin of DNA replication was labile. A comparison of the interactions between large T-antigen and binding sites with one, two and four GRGGC motifs in tandem showed a strong preference for dimer binding, without detectable co-operativity between dimers. Sodium chloride stabilised the complexes, whereas the dissociation increased rapidly by increasing pH above 7.0.

  • 11.
    Bu, Shizhong
    et al.
    Ludwiginstitutet för Cancerforskning.
    Blaukat, Andree
    Ludwiginstitutet för Cancerforskning.
    Fu, Xin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Heldin, Nils-Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Landström, Maréne
    Ludwiginstitutet för Cancerforskning.
    Mechanisms for 2-methoxyestradiol-induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells2002In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 531, no 2, p. 141-51Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Prostate and breast carcinomas are sex hormone-related carcinomas, which are known to be associated with an over-expression of the proto-oncogene Bcl-2. Here, we report that 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous metabolite of estrogen that does not bind to nuclear estrogen receptors, effectively induces apoptosis in Bcl-2-expressing human prostate and breast carcinoma cells in vitro and in a rat prostate tumor model in vivo. In several cell lines derived from prostate, breast, liver and colorectal carcinomas, 2-ME treatment led to an activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylation of Bcl-2, which preceded the induction of apoptosis. In summary, our data suggest that 2-ME induces apoptosis in epithelial carcinomas by causing phosphorylation of JNK, which appears to be correlated with phosphorylation of Bcl-2.

  • 12.
    Caja, Laia Puigsubira
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Bellomo, Claudia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Moustakas, Aristidis
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic protein actions in brain tumors2015In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 589, no 14, p. 1588-1597Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family are implicated in the biology of several cancers. Here we focus on malignancies of the brain and examine the TGF beta and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling branches of the family. These pathways exhibit context-dependent actions during tumorigenesis, acting either as tumor suppressors or as pro-tumorigenic agents. In the brain, the TGF-beta s associate with oncogenic development and progression to the more malignant state. Inversely, the BMPs suppress tumorigenic potential by acting as agents that induce tumor cell differentiation. The latter has been best demonstrated in grade IV astrocytomas, otherwise known as glioblastoma multiforme. We discuss how the actions of TGF-beta s and BMPs on cancer stem cells may explain their effects on tumor progression, and try to highlight intricate mechanisms that may link tumor cell differentiation to invasion. The focus on TGF-beta and BMP and their actions in brain malignancies provides a rich territory for mechanistic understanding of tumor heterogeneity and suggests ways for improved therapeutic intervention, currently being addressed by clinical trials.

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  • 13.
    Chi, Celestine N.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Gianni, Stefano
    Calosci, Nicoletta
    Travaglini-Allocatelli, Carlo
    Engström, Åke
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Jemth, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    A conserved folding mechanism for PDZ domains2007In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 581, no 6, p. 1109-1113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An important question in protein folding is whether the folding mechanism is sequence dependent and conserved for homologous proteins. In this work we compared the kinetic folding mechanism of five postsynaptic density protein-95, disc-large tumor suppressor protein, zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domains, sharing similar topology but having different primary structures. Investigation of the different proteins under various experimental conditions revealed that the folding kinetics of each member of the PDZ family can be described by a model with two transition states separated by an intermediate. Moreover, the positions of the two transition states along the reaction coordinate (as given by their βT-values) are fairly constant for the five PDZ domains.

  • 14.
    Chumnarnsilpa, Sakesit
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Narayan, Kartik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Irobi, Edward
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Robinson, Robert C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Activation in isolation: exposure of the actin-binding site in the C-terminal half of gelsolin does not require actin2003In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 552, no 2-3, p. 82-85Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gelsolin requires activation to carry out its severing and capping activities on F-actin. Here, we present the structure of the isolated C-terminal half of gelsolin (G4-G6) at 2.0 A resolution in the presence of Ca(2+) ions. This structure completes a triptych of the states of activation of G4-G6 that illuminates its role in the function of gelsolin. Activated G4-G6 displays an open conformation, with the actin-binding site on G4 fully exposed and all three type-2 Ca(2+) sites occupied. Neither actin nor the type-l Ca(2+), which normally is sandwiched between actin and G4, is required to achieve this conformation.

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  • 15.
    Diamanti, Riccardo
    et al.
    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden.
    Srinivas, Vivek
    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden.
    Johansson, Annika I.
    Swedish Metabolomics Center (SMC) SE-907 36 Umeå Sweden.
    Nordström, Anders
    Swedish Metabolomics Center (SMC) SE-907 36 Umeå Sweden.
    Griese, Julia J.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology.
    Lebrette, Hugo
    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden; Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaires (LMGM) Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) Université de Toulouse CNRS UPS 31062 Toulouse France.
    Högbom, Martin
    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden.
    Comparative structural analysis provides new insights into the function of R2‐like ligand‐binding oxidase2022In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 596, no 12, p. 1600-1610Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    R2-like ligand-binding oxidase (R2lox) is a ferritin-like protein that harbors a heterodinuclear manganese–iron active site. Although R2lox function is yet to be established, the enzyme binds a fatty acid ligand coordinating the metal center and catalyzes the formation of a tyrosine-valine ether cross-link in the protein scaffold upon O2 activation. Here, we characterized the ligands copurified with R2lox by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Moreover, we present the crystal structures of two new homologs of R2lox, from Saccharopolyspora erythraea and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, at 1.38 Å and 2.26 Å resolution, respectively, providing the highest resolution structures for R2lox, as well as new insights into putative mechanisms regulating the function of the enzyme.

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  • 16.
    Ekman, Pia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Hermansson, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Bergström, Gunnel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Engström, Lorentz
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Rapid proteolytic removal of phosphopeptides and phosphorylatable sites from proteins in rat liver cell sap1978In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 86, no 2, p. 250-254Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Encarnacao, Joao Crispim
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Radiation Science. Ridgeview Instruments AB, Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 36A,Sci Pk, S-75237 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Napolitano, Valeria
    Jagiellonian Univ, Malopolska Ctr Biotechnol, Krakow, Poland.;Jagiellonian Univ, Fac Biochem Biophys & Biotechnol, Krakow, Poland..
    Opassi, Giulia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC.
    Danielson, U. Helena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC.
    Dubin, Grzegorz
    Jagiellonian Univ, Malopolska Ctr Biotechnol, Krakow, Poland..
    Popowicz, Grzegorz M.
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Struct Biol, Neuherberg, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Ctr Integrated Prot Sci Munich, Dept Chem, Chair Biomol NMR, Garching, Germany..
    Munier-Lehmann, Helene
    Inst Pasteur, Dept Biol Struct & Chim, Unite Chim & Biocatalyse, CNRS,UMR3523, Paris, France..
    Buijs, Jos
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Radiation Science. Ridgeview Instruments AB, Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 36A,Sci Pk, S-75237 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Andersson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Radiation Science. Ridgeview Instruments AB, Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 36A,Sci Pk, S-75237 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Bjorkelund, Hanna
    Ridgeview Instruments AB, Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 36A,Sci Pk, S-75237 Uppsala, Sweden..
    A real-time cell-binding assay reveals dynamic features of STxB-Gb3 cointernalization and STxB-mediated cargo delivery into cancer cells2020In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 594, no 15, p. 2406-2420Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The interaction between the Shiga toxin B-subunit (STxB) and its globotriaosylceramide receptor (Gb3) has a high potential for being exploited for targeted cancer therapy. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the capacity of STxB to carry small molecules and proteins as cargo into cells. For this purpose, an assay was designed to provide real-time information about the StxB-Gb3 interaction as well as the dynamics and mechanism of the internalization process. The assay revealed the ability to distinguish the process of binding to the cell surface from internalization and presented the importance of receptor and STxB clustering for internalization. The overall setup demonstrated that the binding mechanism is complex, and the concept of affinity is difficult to apply. Hence, time-resolved methods, providing detailed information about the interaction of STxB with cells, are critical for the optimization of intracellular delivery.

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  • 18.
    Eriksson, Jan W
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism.
    Metabolic stress in insulin's target cells leads to ROS accumulation - a hypothetical common pathway causing insulin resistance.2007In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 581, no 19, p. 3734-42Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, and visceral adiposity is a central component that is also strongly associated with insulin resistance. Both visceral obesity and insulin resistance are important risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. It is likely that adipose tissue, particularly in the intra-abdominal depot, is part of a complex interplay involving several tissues and that dysregulated hormonal, metabolic and neural signalling within and between organs can trigger development of metabolic disease. One attractive hypothesis is that many factors leading to insulin resistance are mediated via the generation of abnormal amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is much evidence supporting that detrimental effects of glucose, fatty acids, hormones and cytokines leading to insulin resistance can be exerted via such a common pathway. This review paper mainly focuses on metabolic and other 'stress' factors that affect insulin's target cells, in particular adipocytes, and it will highlight oxidative stress as a potential unifying mechanism by which these stress factors promote insulin resistance and the development and progression of type 2 diabetes.

  • 19.
    Feierberg, Isabella
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Cameron, Alexander D
    Åqvist, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Energetics of the proposed rate-determining step of the glyoxalase I reaction1999In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 453, no 1-2, p. 90-94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The proposed rate-limiting step of the reaction catalyzed by glyoxalase I is the proton abstraction from the C1 carbon atom of the substrate by a glutamate residue, resulting in a high-energy enolate intermediate. This proton transfer reaction was modelled using molecular dynamics and free energy perturbation simulations, with the empirical valence bond method describing the potential energy surface of the system. The calculated rate constant for the reaction is approximately 300-1500 s(-1) with Zn2+, Mg2+ or Ca2+ bound to the active site, which agrees well with observed kinetics of the enzyme. Furthermore, the results imply that the origin of the catalytic rate enhancement is mainly associated with enolate stabilization by the metal ion.

  • 20.
    Flyvholm Cramer, Jacob
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Nordberg, Peter A.
    Hajdu, Janos
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Lejon, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Crystal structure of a bacterial albumin-binding domain at 1.4 Å resolution2007In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 581, no 17, p. 3178-3182Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The albumin-binding domain, or GA module, of the peptostreptococcal albumin-binding protein expressed in pathogenic strains of Finegoldia magna is believed to be responsible for the virulence and increased growth rate of these strains. Here we present the 1.4 Å crystal structure of this domain, and compare it with the crystal structure of the GA–albumin complex. An analysis of protein–protein interactions in the two crystals, and the presence of multimeric GA species in solution, indicate the GA module is “sticky”, and is capable of forming contacts with a range of protein surfaces. This might lead to interactions with different host proteins.

  • 21.
    Fredriksson, Robert
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Lagerström, Malin C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Höglund, Pär J.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Schiöth, Helgi B.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Novel human G protein-coupled receptors with long N-terminals containing GPS domains and Ser/Thr-rich regions2002In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 531, no 3, p. 407-414Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report eight novel members of the superfamily of human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) found by searches in the human genome databases, termed GPR97, GPR110, GPR111, GPR112, GPR113, GPR114, GPR115 and GPR116. Phylogenetic analysis shows that these are additional members of a family of GPCRs with long N-termini, previously termed EGF-7TM, LNB-7TM, B2 or LN-7TM. Five of the receptors form their own phylogenetic cluster, while three others form a cluster with the previously reported HE6 and GPR56 (TM7XN1). All the receptors have a GPS domain in their N-terminus and long Ser/Thr-rich regions forming mucin-like stalks. GPR113 has a hormone binding domain and one EGF domain. GPR112 has over 20 Ser/Thr repeats and a pentraxin domain. GPR116 has two immunoglobulin-like repeats and a SEA box. We found several human EST sequences for most of the receptors showing differential expression patterns, which may indicate that some of these receptors participate in reproductive functions while others are more likely to have a role in the immune system.

  • 22.
    Fredriksson, Robert
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Nordström, Karl J V
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Stephansson, Olga
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Hägglund, Maria G A
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Schiöth, Helgi B
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    The solute carrier (SLC) complement of the human genome: phylogenetic classification reveals four major families2008In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 582, no 27, p. 3811-3816Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Solute carriers (SLCs) is the largest group of transporters, embracing transporters for inorganic ions, amino acids, neurotransmitters, sugars, purines and fatty acids among other substrates. We mined the finished assembly of the human genome using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) obtaining a total of 384 unique SLC sequences. Detailed clustering and phylogenetic analysis of the entire SLC family showed that 15 of the families place into four large phylogenetic clusters with the largest containing eight SLC families, suggesting that many of the distinct families of SLCs have a common evolutionary origin. This study represents the first overall genomic roadmap of the SLCs providing large sequence sets and clarifies the phylogenetic relationships among the families of the second largest group of membrane proteins.

  • 23. Galindo, Mario
    et al.
    Varela, Nelson
    Espinoza, Ingrid
    Toro, Gabriela Cecilia
    Hellman, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Wernstedt, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Galanti, Norbel
    Chromatin from two classes of platyhelminthes display both protist H1 and higher eukaryote core histones2004In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 567, no 2-3, p. 225-229Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Histones from the parasitic platyhelminthes, Echinococcus granulosus and Fasciola hepatica, were systematically characterized. Core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, which were identified on the basis of amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry data, showed conserved electrophoretic patterns. Histones H1, identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, amino acid composition and amino acid sequencing, showed divergence, both in their number and electrophoretic mobilities, between the two species and among other organisms. According to these data, core histones but not H1 histones, would be stabilized during evolution at the level of platyhelminthes.

  • 24. Garrido-Urbani, Sarah
    et al.
    Garg, Pankaj
    Ghossoub, Rania
    Arnold, Roland
    Lembo, Frédérique
    Sundell, Gustav N
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry.
    Kim, Philip M
    Lopez, Marc
    Zimmermann, Pascale
    Sidhu, Sachdev S
    Ivarsson, Ylva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Biochemistry.
    Proteomic peptide phage display uncovers novel interactions of the PDZ1-2 supramodule of syntenin2016In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 590, no 1, p. 3-12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Syntenin has crucial roles in cell adhesion, cell migration and synaptic transmission. Its closely linked postsynaptic density-95, discs large 1, zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domains typically interact with C-terminal ligands. We profile syntenin PDZ1-2 through proteomic peptide phage display (ProP-PD) using a library that displays C-terminal regions of the human proteome. The protein recognizes a broad range of peptides, with a preference for hydrophobic motifs and has a tendency to recognize cryptic internal ligands. We validate the interaction with nectin-1 through orthogonal assays. The study demonstrates the power of ProP-PD as a complementary approach to uncover interactions of potential biological relevance.

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  • 25.
    Garscha, Ulrike
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Oliw, Ernst H
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Critical amino acids for the 8(R)-dioxygenase activity of linoleate diol synthase. A comparison with cyclooxygenases2008In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 582, no 23-24, p. 3547-51Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    7,8-Linoleate diol synthase (7,8-LDS) of the take-all fungus and cyclooxygenases can be aligned with approximately 24% amino acid identity and both form a tyrosyl radical during catalysis. 7,8-LDS was expressed in insect cells with native 8R-dioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase activities. We studied conserved residues of 7,8-LDS, which participate in cyclooxygenases for heme binding (His residues), hydrogen abstraction (Tyr), positioning (Tyr, Trp), and ionic binding of substrates (Arg). Site-directed mutagenesis abolished 8R-dioxygenase activities with exception of the putative distal histidine (His203Gln) and a tyrosine residue important for hydrogen bonding and substrate positioning (Tyr329Phe). The results demonstrate structural similarities between 7,8-LDS and cyclooxygenases.

  • 26. Glisovic, Tina
    et al.
    Ben-David, Yaacov
    Lang, Matti
    Raffalli-Mathieu, Francoise
    Interplay between hnRNP A1 and a cis-acting element in the 3' UTR of CYP2A5 mRNA is central for high expression of the gene.2003In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 535, no 1, p. 147-152Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Grimsby, Susanne
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Jaensson, Hanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Dubrovska, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Lomnytska, Marta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Hellman, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Souchelnytskyi, Serhiy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Proteomics-based identification of proteins interacting with Smad3: SREBP-2 forms a complex with Smad3 and inhibits its transcriptional activity2004In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 577, no 1-2, p. 93-100Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Smad3 is an important component of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) intracellular signalling. To identify novel interacting proteins of Smad3, we performed pull-down assays with Smad3 constructs fused to glutathione-S-transferase. Proteins which formed complexes with these constructs were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We identified 14 proteins interacting with the Smad3 construct lacking the N-terminal Mad homology domain 1 (MH1), and 12 proteins interacting with the construct lacking the C-terminal MH2 domain. Proteins involved in signalling processes, in metabolism regulation, novel proteins, and components of cytoskeleton form four groups of interacting proteins. Interactions of AGP7, sex-determining region Y protein, actin beta and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) proteins with Smad3 constructs were confirmed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Interaction of Smad3 with SREBP-2 was also confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of myc-Smad3 and Flag-SREBP-2 upon expression in mammalian cells. We found that SREBP-2 inhibited the transcriptional activity of Smad3 in luciferase reporter assays.

  • 28.
    Grünler, J
    et al.
    Department of Biochemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Parmryd, Ingela
    Department of Biochemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Subcellular distribution of farnesyl protein transferase in rat liver1999In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 455, no 3, p. 233-237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Farnesyl protein transferase (FPT) activity was measured in rat liver subcellular fractions by using an unspecific acceptor for the farnesyl groups. The highest specific activity was found in mitochondria and it exceeded that of the microsomes three-fold. Considerably lower specific activities were found in the nuclei and cytosol. Further subfractionation revealed that the mitochondrial FPT activity is located in the matrix. The beta-subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of 46 kDa, which is similar to its cytosolic counterpart. The results suggest that protein farnesylation can take place in a number of subcellular organelles.

  • 29.
    Gutiérrez-de-Terán, Hugo
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Nervall, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Dunn, Ben M.
    Clemente, Jose C.
    Åqvist, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Structural Molecular Biology.
    Computational analysis of plasmepsin IV bound to an allophenylnorstatine inhibitor2006In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 580, no 25, p. 5910-5916Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The plasmepsin proteases from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are attracting attention as putative drug targets. A recently published crystal structure of Plasmodium malariae plasmepsin IV bound to an allophenylnorstatine inhibitor [Clemente, J.C. et al. (2006) Acta Crystallogr. D 62, 246252] provides the first structural insights regarding interactions of this family of inhibitors with plasmepsins. The compounds in this class are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 protease, but also show nM binding affinities towards plasmepsin IV. Here, we utilize automated docking, molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations with the linear interaction energy LIE method to investigate the binding of allophenylnorstatine inhibitors to plasmepsin IV from two different species. The calculations yield excellent agreement with experimental binding data and provide new information regarding protonation states of active site residues as well as conformational properties of the inhibitor complexes.

  • 30.
    Haase, Robert
    et al.
    DFG Cluster of Excellence “Physics of Life” TU Dresden Germany;Center for Systems Biology Dresden Germany.
    Fazeli, Elnaz
    Biomedicum Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine and HiLIFE University of Helsinki Finland.
    Legland, David
    INRAE, UR BIA Nantes France;INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, BIBS Facility Nantes France.
    Doube, Michael
    Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong.
    Culley, Siân
    Randall Centre for Cell &amp; Molecular Biophysics King's College London UK.
    Belevich, Ilya
    Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science University of Helsinki Finland.
    Jokitalo, Eija
    Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science University of Helsinki Finland.
    Schorb, Martin
    Electron Microscopy Core Facility European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg Germany;Centre for Bioimage Analysis European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg Germany.
    Klemm, Anna H
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division Vi3. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Tischer, Christian
    Centre for Bioimage Analysis European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg Germany.
    A Hitchhiker's guide through the bio‐image analysis software universe2022In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 596, no 19, p. 2472-2485Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Modern research in the life sciences is unthinkable without computational methods for extracting, quantifying and visualising information derived from microscopy imaging data of biological samples. In the past decade, we observed a dramatic increase in available software packages for these purposes. As it is increasingly difficult to keep track of the number of available image analysis platforms, tool collections, components and emerging technologies, we provide a conservative overview of software that we use in daily routine and give insights into emerging new tools. We give guidance on which aspects to consider when choosing the platform that best suits the user's needs, including aspects such as image data type, skills of the team, infrastructure and community at the institute and availability of time and budget.

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  • 31. Hamberg, U
    et al.
    Syvänen, Ann-Christine
    Siimesmaa, S
    Identification in human plasma of low Mr protein fragments with antigenic determinants of kininogen1982In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 138, no 1, p. 128-132Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Hasse, Dirk
    et al.
    University of Rostock, Germany.
    Mikkat, Stefan
    Thrun, Hans-Albrecht
    Hagemann, Martin
    Bauwe, Hermann
    Properties of recombinant glycine decarboxylase P- and H-protein subunits from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803.2007In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 581, no 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The multi-enzyme complex glycine decarboxylase is important for one-carbon metabolism, essential for the photorespiratory glycolate cycle of plants, and comprises four different polypeptides, P-, H-, T-, and L-protein. We report on the production and properties of recombinant P-protein from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis and also describe features of recombinant H-protein from the same organism. The P-protein shows enzymatic activity with lipoylated H-protein and very low activity with H-apoprotein or lipoate as artificial cofactors. Its affinity towards glycine is unaffected by the presence and nature of the methyleneamine acceptor molecule. The cyanobacterial H-protein apparently forms stable dimers.

  • 33.
    Heldin, Carl-Henrik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Vanlandewijck, Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Moustakas, Aristidis
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Regulation of EMT by TGFβ in cancer2012In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 586, no 14, p. 1959-1970Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) suppresses tumor formation since it inhibits cell growth and promotes apoptosis. However, in advanced cancers TGF beta elicits tumor promoting effects through its ability to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which enhances invasiveness and metastasis; in addition, TGF beta exerts tumor promoting effects on non-malignant cells of the tumor, including suppression of immune surveillance and stimulation of angiogenesis. TGF beta promotes EMT by transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of a group of transcription factors that suppresses epithelial features, such as expression of components of cell junctions and polarity complexes, and enhances mesenchymal features, such as production of matrix molecules and several cytokines and growth factors that stimulate cell migration. The EMT program has certain similarities with the stem cell program. Inducers and effectors of EMT are interesting targets for the development of improved diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of cancer. 

  • 34. Inamitsu, Masako
    et al.
    Itoh, Susumu
    Hellman, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    ten Dijke, Peter
    Kato, Mitsuyasu
    Methylation of Smad6 by protein arginine N-methyltransferase 12006In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 580, no 28-29, p. 6603-6611Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Signal transduction pathways utilize posttranslational modifications to regulate the activity of their components in a temporal-spatial and efficient fashion. Arginine methylation is one of the posttranslational modifications that can result in monomethylated-, asymmetric dimethylated- and/or symmetric dimethylated-arginine residues in proteins. Here we demonstrate that inhibitory-Smads (Smad6 and Smad7), but not receptor-regulated- (R-)Smads and the common-partner Smad4, can be methylated by protein arginine N-methyltransferase (PRMT)1. Using mass-spectrometric analysis, we found that PRMT1 dimethylates arginine(74) (Arg(74)) in mouse Smad6. PRMT1 interacts with the N-terminal domain of Smad6 in which Arg(74) residue is located. Assays examined so far have shown no significant differences between the functions of Smad6 and those of methylation-defective Smad6 (Smad6R74A). Both wild-type and Smad6R74A were equally efficient in blocking BMP-induced growth arrest upon their ectopic expression in HS-72 mouse B-cell hybridoma cells.

  • 35.
    Islam, M. Shahidul
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine.
    Berggren, Per-Olof
    Larsson, Olof
    Sulfhydryl oxidation induces rapid and reversible closure of the ATP-regulated K+ channel in the pancreatic beta-cell1993In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 319, no 1-2, p. 128-132Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Effects of sulfhydryl modification on the ATP regulated K+ channel (KATP channel) in the pancreatic beta-cell were studied, using the patch clamp technique. Application of the sulfhydryl oxidizing agents thimerosal and 2,2'-dithio-bis(5-nitropyridine) (DTBNP), in micromolar concentrations, caused complete inhibition of the KATP channel, in inside-out patches. The inhibition was rapid and was reversed by the disulfide reducing agents dithiothreitol and cysteine. Thimerosal, which is poorly membrane permeable, inhibited channel activity, only when applied to the intracellular face of the plasma membrane. In contrast, DTBNP, which is highly lipophilic, caused closure of the KATP channel and consequent depolarization of the membrane potential, also when applied extracellularly. Our results indicate the presence of accessible free SH groups on the cytoplasmic side of the KATP channel in the pancreatic beta-cell. These SH groups are essential for channel function and it is possible that thiol-dependent redox mechanisms can modulate KATP channel activity.

  • 36.
    Islam, M. Shahidul
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine.
    Nilsson, Thomas
    Rorsman, Patrik
    Berggren, Per-Olof
    Interaction with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor promotes Ca2+ sequestration in permeabilised insulin-secreting cells1991In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 288, no 1-2, p. 27-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electropermeabilised insulin-secreting RINm5F cells sequestered Ca2+, resulting in a steady-state level of the ambient free Ca2+ concentration corresponding to 723 +/- 127 nM (mean +/- SEM, n = 10), as monitored by a Ca(2+)-selective minielectrode. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) promoted a rapid and pronounced release of Ca2+. This Ca2+ was resequestered and a new steady-state Ca2+ level was attained, which was always lower (460 +/- 102 nM, n = 10, P less than 0.001) than the steady-state Ca2+ level maintained before the addition of Ins(1,4,5)P3. Whereas the initial reuptake of Ca2+ subsequent to Ins(1,4,5)P3 stimulation was relatively slow, the later part of reuptake was fast as compared to the reuptake phases of a pulse addition of extraneous Ca2+. In the latter case the uptake of Ca2+ resulted in a steady-state level similar to that found in the absence of Ins(1,4,5)P3. Addition of Ins(1,4,5)P3 under this condition resulted in a further Ca2+ uptake and thus a lower steady-state Ca2+ level. Heparin, which binds to the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor, also lowered the steady-state free Ca2+ concentration. In contrast to Ins(1,4,5)P3, inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate was without effect on Ca2+ sequestration. These findings are consistent with the presence of a high-affinity Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor promoting continuous release of Ca2+ under basal conditions and/or the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor being actively involved in Ca2+ sequestration.

  • 37.
    Islam, M. Shahidul
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine.
    Rorsman, Patrik
    Berggren, Per-Olof
    Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release in insulin-secreting cells1992In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 296, no 3, p. 287-291Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The sulphydryl reagent thimerosal (50 microM) released Ca2+ from a non-mitochondrial intracellular Ca2+ pool in a dose-dependent manner in permeabilized insulin-secreting RINm5F cells. This release was reversed after addition of the reducing agent dithiothreitol. Ca2+ was released from an Ins(1,4,5)P3-insensitive pool, since release was observed even after depletion of the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive pool by a supramaximal dose of Ins(2,4,5)P3 or thapsigargin. The Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive pool remained essentially unaltered by thimerosal. Thimerosal-induced Ca2+ release was potentiated by caffeine. These findings suggest the existence of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release also in insulin-secreting cells.

  • 38. Ivarsson, Ylva
    Plasticity of PDZ domains in ligand recognition and signaling2012In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 586, no 17, p. 2638-47Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The PDZ domain is a protein-protein interacting module that plays an important role in the organization of signaling complexes. The recognition of short intrinsically disordered C-terminal peptide motifs is the archetypical PDZ function, but the functional repertoire of this versatile module also includes recognition of internal peptide sequences, dimerization and phospholipid binding. The PDZ function can be tuned by various means such as allosteric effects, changes of physiological buffer conditions and phosphorylation of PDZ domains and/or ligands, which poses PDZ domains as dynamic regulators of cell signaling. This review is focused on the plasticity of the PDZ interactions.

  • 39.
    Kanduri, Chandrasekhar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Whitehead, Joanne
    Mohammad, Faizaan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    The long and the short of it: RNA-directed chromatin asymmetry in mammalian X-chromosome inactivation2009In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 583, no 5, p. 857-864Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation is controlled by a multilayered silencing pathway involving both short and long non-coding RNAs, which differentially recruit the epigenetic machinery to establish chromatin asymmetries. In response to developmentally regulated small RNAs, dicer, a key effector of RNA interference, locally silences Xist on the active X-chromosome and establishes the heterochromatin conformation along the silent X-chromosome. The 1.6 kb RepA RNA initiates silencing by targeting the PRC2 polycomb complex to the inactive X-chromosome. In addition, the nuclear microenvironment is implicated in the initiation and maintenance of X-chromosome asymmetries. Here we review new findings involving these various RNA species in terms of understanding Xist gene regulation and the establishment of X-chromosome inactivation.

  • 40. Lai, Lien B.
    et al.
    Vioque, Agustin
    Kirsebom, Leif A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Gopalan, Venkat
    Unexpected diversity of RNase P, an ancient tRNA processing enzyme: Challenges and prospects2010In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 584, no 2, p. 287-296Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For an enzyme functioning predominantly in a seemingly housekeeping role of 50 tRNA maturation, RNase P displays a remarkable diversity in subunit make-up across the three domains of life. Despite the protein complexity of this ribonucleoprotein enzyme increasing dramatically from bacteria to eukarya, the catalytic function rests with the RNA subunit during evolution. However, the recent demonstration of a protein-only human mitochondrial RNase P has added further intrigue to the compositional variability of this enzyme. In this review, we discuss some possible reasons underlying the structural diversity of the active sites, and use them as thematic bases for elaborating new directions to understand how functional variations might have contributed to the complex evolution of RNase P.

  • 41. Li, Gene-Wei
    et al.
    Elf, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Single molecule approaches to transcription factor kinetics in living cells2009In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 583, no 24, p. 3979-3983Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quantitative modeling of intracellular processes often requires information about intracellular rate constants as well as the concentrations of low abundance species in individual cells. Single molecule imaging techniques offer not only new ways for obtaining such information but also the possibilities to test model-based hypotheses that have previously been out of reach for experiments. In this review we highlight some advantages of single molecule techniques and exemplify by their capability to help understanding how transcription factors find their chromosomal binding sites in bacterial cells.

  • 42.
    Liu, Jingyi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Microbiology.
    Svärd, Staffan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Microbiology.
    Klotz, Christian
    Robert Koch Inst, Dept Mycot & Parasit Agents & Mycobacteria FG16, Seestr 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
    Giardia intestinalis cystatin is a potent inhibitor of papain, parasite cysteine proteases and, to a lesser extent, human cathepsin B2019In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 593, no 12, p. 1313-1325Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cystatins are important regulators of papain-like cysteine proteases. In the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis, papain-like cysteine proteases play an essential role in the parasite's biology and pathogenicity. Here, we characterized a cysteine protease inhibitor of G. intestinalis that belongs to type-I-cystatins. The parasite cystatin is shown to be a strong inhibitor of papain (K-i approximate to 0.3 nm) and three parasite cysteine proteases (CP14019, CP16160 and CP16779, K-i approximate to 0.9-5.8 nm), but a weaker inhibitor of human cathepsin B (K-i approximate to 79.9 nm). The protein localizes mainly in the cytoplasm. Together, these data suggest that cystatin of G. intestinalis plays a role in the regulation of cysteine protease activities in the parasite and, possibly, in the interaction with the host.

  • 43.
    Lu, G
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Dobritzsch, Doreen
    Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
    König, S
    Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
    Schneider, G
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Novel tetramer assembly of pyruvate decarboxylase from brewer's yeast observed in a new crystal form1997In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 403, no 3, p. 249-253Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new crystal form of thiamine diphosphate dependent pyruvate decarboxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been obtained in the presence of the activator pyruvamide. The crystallographic structure analysis reveals differences in the domain packing in the enzyme subunit and a novel assembly of the subunits in the tetramer, when compared to the structure of native PDC. The orientation of the beta domains in the subunit differs by a 6.3 degrees and 8.3 degrees rotation, respectively, whereas the subunit-subunit interface in the dimer, formed by the alpha and gamma domains, is essentially maintained. In the tetramer, one of the dimers rotates relative to the second dimer by approximately 30 degrees creating a new dimer-dimer interface.

  • 44.
    Luo, Jinghui
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    van Loo, Bert
    Kamerlin, Shina C. L.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational and Systems Biology.
    Catalytic promiscuity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase as an example of chemistry-driven protein evolution2012In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 586, no 11, p. 1622-1630Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that many enzymes are catalytically "promiscuous". This can provide a springboard for protein evolution, allowing enzymes to acquire novel functionality without compromising their native activities. We present here a detailed study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase (PAS), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of a number of chemically distinct substrates, with proficiencies comparable to that towards its native reaction. We demonstrate that the main driving force for the promiscuity is the ability to exploit the electrostatic preorganization of the active site for the native substrate, providing an example of chemistry-driven protein evolution.

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  • 45. Löfblom, John
    et al.
    Feldwisch, Joachim
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Tolmachev, Vladimir
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Carlsson, Jörgen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Ståhl, Stefan
    Frejd, Fredrik Y.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Affibody molecules: engineered proteins for therapeutic, diagnostic and biotechnological applications2010In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 584, no 12, p. 2670-2680Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Affibody molecules are a class of engineered affinity proteins with proven potential for therapeutic, diagnostic and biotechnological applications. Affibody molecules are small (6.5 kDa) single domain proteins that can be isolated for high affinity and specificity to any given protein target. Fifteen years after its discovery, the Affibody technology is gaining use in many groups as a tool for creating molecular specificity wherever a small, engineering compatible tool is warranted. Here we summarize recent results using this technology, propose an Affibody nomenclature and give an overview of different HER2-specific Affibody molecules. Cumulative evidence suggests that the three helical scaffold domain used as basis for these molecules is highly suited to create a molecular affinity handle for vastly different applications.

  • 46.
    Mannervik, Bengt
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry.
    Rúnarsdóttir, Arna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry.
    The quest for molecular quasi-species in ligand-activity space and its application to directed enzyme evolution2010In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 584, no 12, p. 2565-2571Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose that the proper evolving unit in enzyme evolution is not a single "fittestmolecule", but a cluster of related variants denoted a "quasi-species". A distribution of variantsprovides genetic variability and thereby reduces the risk of inbreeding and evolutionary dead-ends.Different matrices of substrates or activity modulators will lead to different selection criteria anddivergent evolutionary trajectories. We provide examples from our directed evolution of glutathionetransferases illustrating the interplay between libraries of enzyme variants and ligand matrices in theidentification of quasi-species. The ligand matrix is shown to be crucial to the outcome of the search fornovel activities. In this sense the experimental system resembles the biological environment ingoverning the evolution of enzymes.

  • 47.
    Mannervik, Mattias
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    Akusjärvi, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology.
    The transcriptionalco-activator proteins p300 and CBP stimulate adenovirus E1A conservedregion 1 transactivation independent of a direct interaction1997In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 414, no 1, p. 111-116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    p300 and CBP are two related transcriptional co-activator proteins required by many cellular transcription factors for activity. The adenovirus E1A protein binds p300 and CBP through its amino-terminus and conserved region (CR) 1. Fusing CR1 to a heterologous DNA-binding domain creates a potent transcriptional activator, suggesting that CR1 might activate transcription by recruiting p300/CBP to the promoter. We show that both p300 and CBP enhances CR1-dependent transactivation. However, this enhancement occurs independently of a direct interaction with E1A and does not correlate with the CR1 activator function.

  • 48.
    Masoumi, Katarzyna Chmielarska
    et al.
    Lund University, Center for Molecular Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Cornmark, Louise
    Lund University, Center for Molecular Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Lønne, Gry Kalstad
    Lund University, Center for Molecular Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Hellman, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Larsson, Christer
    Lund University, Center for Molecular Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
    Identification of a novel protein kinase Cδ-Smac complex that dissociates during paclitaxel-induced cell death2012In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 586, no 8, p. 1166-1172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Protein kinase C (PKC) δ is a regulator of apoptosis with both pro- and anti-apoptotic effects. The mechanistic basis for the discrepant effects is not completely understood. Here we show that Smac interacts with PKCδ. The interaction depends on the N-terminus of Smac and is disrupted upon treatment with paclitaxel. This is associated with release of Smac into the cytosol. Activation of PKCδ rescues the interaction during paclitaxel exposure and suppresses the paclitaxel-mediated cell death. However, under these conditions the complex is mainly found in the cytosol suggesting that cytosolic Smac can be bound by PKCδ when PKC is activated. The data unravel a previously unrecognized interaction and suggest that PKCδ by associating with Smac may prevent its apoptotic effects.

    STRUCTURED SUMMARY OF PROTEIN INTERACTIONS: PKC deltaphysically interacts with SMAC by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View Interaction: 1, 2, 3, 4) XIAPphysically interacts with SMAC by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction).

  • 49.
    Messinger, Johannes
    et al.
    Max Volmer Institut für Biophysikalische und Physikalische Chemie, Technischen Universität, Berlin, Germany.
    RENGER, G
    THE REACTIVITY OF HYDRAZINE WITH PHOTOSYSTEM-II STRONGLY DEPENDS ON THE REDOX STATE OF THE WATER OXIDIZING SYSTEM1990In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 277, no 1-2, p. 141-146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The decay kinetics of the redox states S2 and S3 of the water-oxidizing enzyme have been analyzed in isolated spinach thylakoids in the absence and presence of the exogenous reductant hydrazine. In control samples without NH2NH2 a biphasic decay is observed. The rapid decline of S2 and S3 with Y(D) as reductant exhibits practically the same kinetics with t1/2 = 6-7 s at pH = 7.2 and 7-degrees-C. The slow reduction (order of 5-10 min at 7-degrees-C) of S2 and S3 with endogenous electron donors other than Y(D) is about twice as fast for S2 as for S3 under these conditions. In contrast, the hydrazine-induced reductive shifts of the formal redox states S(i) (i = 0 ... 3) are characterized by a totally different kinetic pattern: (a) at 1 mM NH2NH2 and incubation on ice the decay of S2 is estimated to be at least 25 times faster (t1/2 less-than-or-equal-to 0.4 min) than the corresponding reaction of S3 (t1/2 almost-equal-to 13 min); (b) the NH2NH2-induced decay of S3 is even slower (about twice) than the transformation of S1 into the formal redox state 'S-1' (t1/2 almost-equal-to 6 min), which gives rise to the two-digit phase shift of the oxygen-yield pattern induced by a flash train in dark adapted thylakoids. (c) the NH2NH2-induced transformation S0-->'S-2' [Renger, Messinger and Hanssum (1990) in: Curr. Res. Photosynth. (Baltscheffsky, M., ed) Vol. 1, pp. 845-848, Kluwer, Dordrecht] is about three times faster (t1/2 almost-equal-to 2 min) than the reaction S1 [GRAPHICS] 'S-1'. Based on these results, the following dependence on the redox state S(i) of the reactivity towards NH2NH2 is obtained: S3 < S1 < S0 < < S2. The implications of this surprising order of reactivity are discussed.

  • 50.
    Moustakas, Aristidis
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Heldin, Carl-Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Dynamic control of TGF-beta signaling and its links to the cytoskeleton2008In: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 582, no 14, p. 2051-2065Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) regulates cellular behavior in embryonic and adult tissues. TGF-beta binding to serine/threonine kinase receptors on the plasma membrane activates Smad molecules and additional signaling proteins that coordinately regulate gene expression or cytoplasmic processes such as cytoskeletal dynamics. In turn, the activity and duration of the Smad pathway seems to be regulated by cytoskeletal components, which facilitate the shuttling process that segregates Smad proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus. We discuss mechanisms and models that aim at explaining the coordination between several components of the signaling network downstream of the TGF-beta signal.

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