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  • 1.
    Akrami, Nazar
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Ekehammar, Bo
    Yang-Wallentin, Fan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Personality and Social Psychology Factors Explaining Sexism2011In: Journal of Individual Differences, ISSN 1614-0001, E-ISSN 2151-2299, Vol. 32, no 3, p. 153-160Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous research has almost exclusively examined sexism (negative attitudes toward women) from either a personality or a social-psychology perspective. In two studies (N = 379 and 182, respectively), we combine these perspectives and examine whether sexism is best explained by personality (Big-Five factors, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) or by social-psychological (group membership and group identification) variables - or by a combination of both approaches. Causal modeling and multiple regression analyses showed that, with the present set of variables, sexism was best explained by considering the combined influence of both personality- and social-psychology constructs. The findings imply that it is necessary to integrate various approaches to explain prejudice.

  • 2.
    Berggren, Mathias
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Akrami, Nazar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Bergh, Robin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. Harvard Univ, Dept Psychol, 33 Kirkland St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
    Ekehammar, Bo
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Psychol, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Motivated Social Cognition and Authoritarianism: Is It All About Closed-Mindedness?2019In: Journal of Individual Differences, ISSN 1614-0001, E-ISSN 2151-2299, Vol. 40, no 4, p. 204-212Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The domain of motivated social cognition includes a variety of concepts dealing with a need to seek structure and avoid ambiguity, and several of these concepts are also powerful predictors of social attitudes, such as authoritarianism. It is possible though that these relations are due to certain facets reoccurring in the different scales. In this paper, we tested the notion that authoritarianism is predicted specifically by rigidity in beliefs (closed-mindedness), rather than broader cognitive styles. Thus, we initially identified items in the motivated social cognition scales that are specifically measuring closed-mindedness. These items included the closed-mindedness facet of the need for closure scale and items from intolerance of ambiguity and need for cognition. We used these items to predict right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and their common factor authoritarianism (generalized). In line with our prediction, two studies showed that the motivated social cognition scales did not provide a significant prediction of authoritarianism beyond the closed-mindedness items. We conclude that the relation between motivated social cognition and authoritarianism is captured entirely by the former's closed-mindedness component.

  • 3. Bäckström, Martin
    et al.
    Björklund, Fredrik
    Uppsala University, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS).
    Structural Modeling of Generalized Prejudice: The Role of Social Dominance, Authoritarianism, and Empathy2007In: Journal of Individual Differences, ISSN 1614-0001, E-ISSN 2151-2299, Vol. 28, p. 10-17Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Tillman, Carin M.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Bohlin, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Sörensen, Lin
    Lundervold, Astri J.
    Intelligence and Specific Cognitive Abilities in Children2009In: Journal of Individual Differences, ISSN 1614-0001, E-ISSN 2151-2299, Vol. 30, no 4, p. 209-219Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This community-based study investigated the relationships between measures of specific cognitive functions (such as working memory [WM] and interference control) and intelligence in 283 8- to 11-year-old children, including 124 children who fulfilled criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis. A hierarchical regression analysis was used to overcome issues of overlapping predictor constructs. The results generally showed that measures of processing speed, WM, as well as inhibitory interference control entered in the order of presentation, each contributed uniquely to the explanation of fluid intelligence performance. The results for crystallized intelligence performance generally showed that the measures of processing speed, short-term memory ( STM), WM, and sustained attention-entered in that order-made significant independent contributions. While effect sizes varied somewhat for contributions in the whole sample compared with the subgroup not meeting criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, there were no significant differences. The findings therefore should be broadly representative in indicating that the unique aspects of these cognitive functions are important in the explanation of intelligence. The findings also demonstrate important independent features of the functions used as predictors.

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