A measurement of the fragmentation functions of jets into charged particles in p Pb collisions and pp collisions is presented. The analysis utilizes 28 nb(-1) of p Pb data and 26 pb(-1) of pp data, both at root(TN)-T-s= 5.02 TeV, collected in 2013 and 2015, respectively, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurement is reported in the centre-of-mass frame of the nucleon-nucleon system for jets in the rapidity range vertical bar y*vertical bar <1.6 and with transverse momentum 45 < p(T) < 260 GeV. Results are presented both as a function of the charged-particle transverse momentum and as a function of the longitudinal momentum fraction of the particle with respect to the jet. The pp fragmentation functions are compared with results from Monte Carlo event generators and two theoretical models. The ratios of the p +Pb to pp fragmentation functions are found to be consistent with unity.
The search for He-4-eta bound states was performed with the WASA-at-COSY facility via the measurement of the excitation function for the dd -> (3)Hen pi(0) and dd -> (3)Hep pi(-) processes. The deuteron beam momentum was varied continuously between 2.127 GeV/c and 2.422 GeV/c, corresponding to the excess energy for the dd -> He-4 eta reaction ranging from Q = 70 MeV to Q = 30 MeV. The luminosity was determined based on the dd -> (3)Hen reaction and the quasi-free proton proton scattering via dd -> ppn(spectator)n(spectator) reactions. The excitation functions, determined independently for the measured reactions, do not reveal a structure which could be interpreted as a narrow mesic nucleus. Therefore, the upper limits of the total cross sections for the bound state production and decay in dd -> (4He-eta)(bound) -> (3)Hen pi(0) and dd -> (He-4-eta)(bound) -> (3)Hep pi(-) processes were determined taking into account the isospin relation between the both of the considered channels. The results of the analysis depend on the assumptions of the N* (1535) momentum distribution in the anticipated mesic-He-4. Assuming, as in the previous works, that this is identical with the distribution of nucleons bound with 20 MeV in He-4, we determined that (for the mesic bound state width in the range from 5 MeV to 50 MeV) the upper limits at 90% confidence level are about 3 nb and about 6 nb for n pi(0) and p pi(-) channels, respectively. However, based on the recent theoretical findings of the N*(1535) momentum distribution in the N*-He-3 nucleus bound by 3.6 MeV, we find that the WASA-at-COSY detector acceptance decreases and hence the corresponding upper limits are 5 nb and 10 nb for n pi(0) and p pi(-) channels respectively. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the parton distributions in the colliding nuclei via the measurement of photo-nuclear jet production. An analysis of jet production in ultra-peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at root S-NN = 5.02 TeV performed using data collected with the ATLAS detector in 2015 is described. The data set corresponds to a total Pb+Pb integrated luminosity of 0.38 nb(-1). The ultra-peripheral collisions are selected using a combination of forward neutron and rapidity gap requirements. The cross-sections, not unfolded for detector response, are compared to results from PYTHIA Monte Carlo simulations re-weighted to match a photon spectrum obtained from the STARLIGHT model. Qualitative agreement between data and these simulations is observed over a broad kinematic range suggesting that using these collisions to measure nuclear parton distributions is experimentally realisable.
The ATLAS detector at the LHC recorded 0.49 nb(-1) of Pb+Pb collisions and 25 of pp(-1) collisions, both at the center-of-mass energy 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. Recently, ATLAS also recorded 30 mu b(-1) of Xe+Xe collisions at the center-of-mass energy 5.44 TeV, which provides a new opportunity to study the system-size dependence of the charged-hadron production in heavy-ion collisions. The large acceptance of the ATLAS detector allows to measure the spectra of charged hadrons in a wide range of pseudorapidity and transverse momentum. The nuclear modification factors R-AA are constructed as a ratio of the spectra measured in Pb+Pb or Xe+Xe collisions to that measured in pp collisions. The R-AA obtained in the two systems are presented for different centrality intervals and the results are discussed.
This report summarizes the presentations and discussions during the Rapid Reaction Task Force "Dynamics of critical fluctuations: Theory - phenomenology - heavy-ion collisions", which was organized by the ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and held at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany in April 2019. We address the current understanding of the dynamics of critical fluctuations in QCD and their measurement in heavy-ion collision experiments. In addition, we outline what might be learned from studying correlations in other physical systems, such as cold atomic gases.
The data collected by the ATLAS experiment during the 2015 Pb+Pb and 2017 Xe+Xe LHC runs offer new opportunities to study charged particle azimuthal anisotropy. The high-statistics Pb+Pb sample allows for a detailed study of the azimuthal anisotropy of produced particles. This should improve the understanding of initial conditions of nuclear collisions, hydrodynamical behavior of quark-gluon plasma and parton energy loss. New ATLAS measurements of differential and global Fourier harmonics of charged particles (v(n)) in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and 5.44 TeV Xe+Xe collisions in a wide range of transverse momenta, pseudorapidity (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.5) and collision centrality are presented. The higher order harmonics, sensitive to fluctuations in the initial state, are measured up to n = 7 using the two-particle correlation, cumulant and scalar product methods. The dynamic properties of QGP are studied using a recently-proposed modified Pearson's correlation coefficient, rho(v(n)(2), p(T)), between the event-wise mean transverse momentum and the magnitude of the flow vector in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and p+Pb collisions. Several important observations are made. The elliptic and triangular flow harmonics show an interesting universal p(T)-scaling. A linear correlation between the v(2) and v(3) coefficients at low and high p(T) ranges is observed and quantified. The correlation coefficient for v(2) is found to be negative in peripheral and positive in central Pb+Pb collisions. The value for v(3) is found to be much smaller than for v(2) and have similar centrality behavior as the v(2).
The low-energy structure of Ac-231 has been investigated by means of gamma ray spectroscopy following the beta(-) decay of Ra-231. Multipolarities of 28 transitions have been established by measuring conversion electrons with a MINI-ORANGE electron spectrometer. The decay scheme of Ra-231 -> Ac-231 has been constructed for the first time. The Advanced Time Delayed beta gamma gamma(t) method has been used to measure the half-lives of five levels. The moderately fast B(EI) transition rates derived suggest that the octupole effects., albeit weak, are still present in this exotic nucleus.
Measurements of isolated prompt photon and massive electroweak (W and Z) boson production in different collision systems are of great interest to understand the partonic structure of heavy nuclei, and serve as a constraint on the initial state in larger collision systems. These channels are sensitive to a variety of effects such as the modification of the parton densities in nuclei in certain kinematic regions, and the energy loss of partons as they undergo multiple interactions in the nucleus before the hard parton-parton scattering. High-statistics samples of lead-lead and proton-lead collision data at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV and 8.16 TeV, respectively, taken by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, as well as proton-proton comparison data at analogous collision energies, allow for a detailed study of these phenomena in data and comprehensive comparisons to the predictions of a variety of theoretical approaches. This paper presents the latest ATLAS results in these topics, including updated results on inclusive prompt photon production in proton-lead collisions over a broad kinematic range and high-precision W boson results in lead lead collisions.
Recent measurements of the correlations between flow harmonics obtained using four-particle symmetric cumulants and three-particle asymmetric cumulants with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are described. The data sets of pp, p+Pb and peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at various energies are analyzed, aiming to probe the long-range collective nature of multi-particle production in small systems. The sensitivity of the standard cumulant method to non-flow correlations is investigated by introducing the subevents method. A systematic reduction of non-flow effects is observed when using the two-subevent method. Further reduction is observed with the three-subevent method that is consistent with the results obtained with the four-subevent one. A negative correlation between v(2) and v(3) and a positive correlation between v(2) and v(4), for all studied collision systems and over full multiplicity range, is observed. The correlation strength computed as symmetric cumulants normalized by the < v(n)(2)> is similar for all collision systems and weakly depends on multiplicity. These measurements provide new evidence for long-range multi-particle collectivity in small collision systems and quantify the nature of its event-by-event fluctuations.
The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) can be explored in relativistic heavy ion collisions by the jet quenching signature, i.e. by the energy loss of a high energy quark or gluon traversing the plasma. We introduce a novel QCD evolution formalism in the leading logarithm approximation, where normal parton radiation is interleaved with scattering on the plasma gluons occuring at a similar time scale. The idea is elaborated in two approaches. One extends the DGLAP evolution equations for fragmentation functions to include scatterings in the medium, which facilitates numerical solutions for comparison with data and provides a basis for a Monte Carlo implementation. The other approach is more general by including also the transverse momentum dependence of the jet evolution, which allows a separation of the scales also for the scattering term and provides a basis for analytical investigations. The two approaches are shown to be related and give the same characteristic softening of the jet depending on the temperature of the plasma. A substantial effect is found at the RHIC energy and is further enhanced at LHC. Systematic studies of data on the energy loss could, therefore, demonstrate the existence of the QGP and probe its properties.
The cross section of the Tb-159(n, gamma)Tb-160 reaction was measured in four mono-energetic neutron fields of energy 3.7, 4.3, 5.4, and 6.85 MeV, respectively, with the activation technique applied to metal discs of natural composition. To ensure an acceptable precision of the results all major sources of uncertainties were taken into account. Calculations of detector efficiency, incident neutron spectrum and correction factors were performed with the Monte Carlo code (MCNPX), whereas theoretical excitation functions were calculated with the TALYS-1.2 code and compared to the experimental cross section values. This paper presents both measurements and calculation leading to the cross section values.
NUCLEAR REACTIONS H-2, C-12, Al-27(gamma . pi + X), E=176 MeV, measured sigma,sigma(theta, E). Comparison with other data and intranuclear cascade model/k The very first data from MAX-lab in Lund, Sweden on pion photoproduction at threshold energies are presented. The decrease of the total pi(+) yield in gamma + C-12, Al-27 reactions below 200 MeV as well as the d sigma/d Omega cross-section data essentially follow the predictions of an intranuclear-cascade model with an attractive potential for the pion-nucleus interaction. However, d(2)sigma/d Omega dT, cross-section data at 176 MeV show deviations which call for refinements of the model and possibly also for the inclusion of coherent pion-production mechanisms.
This report provides an overview of the new results obtained by the ATLAS Collaboration at the LHC, which were presented at the Quark Matter 2018 conference. These measurements were covered in 12 parallel talks, one flash talk and 11 posters. In this document, a discussion of results is grouped into four areas: electromagnetic interactions, jet quenching, quarkonia and heavy-flavour production, and collectivity in small and larger systems. Measurements from the xenon-xenon collisions based on a short run collected in October 2017 are reported for the first time.
Heavy-flavor hadron production and collective motion in A+A collisions provide insight into the energy loss mechanism and transport properties of heavy quarks in the QGP. The same measurements in p+A collisions serve as an important baseline for understanding the observations in A+A collisions. For example, detailed studies of heavy-flavor hadron azimuthal anisotropy in p+A collisions may help to address whether the observed long-range "ridge" correlation arises from hard or semi-hard processes, or if it is the result of mechanisms unrelated to the initial hardness scale. These proceedings summarize heavy-flavor hadron production, via their semi-leptonic decay to muons in 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb and pp collisions, non-prompt J/psi in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and pp collisions, and prompt D-0 mesons in 8.16 TeV p+Pb collisions using ATLAS detector at the LHC. Azimuthal anisotropy of heavy-flavor hadrons is studied via their decay muons in 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb and 8.16 TeV p+Pb collisions, and via non-prompt J/psi in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb collisions. Strong suppression of heavy-flavor hadron production and azimuthal anisotropy are observed in Pb+Pb collisions, while significant azimuthal anisotropy of heavy-flavor muons is observed in p+Pb collisions, without evidence of the modification of their production rates.
These proceedings provide an overview of the new results obtained with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, which were presented in the Quark Matter 2017 conference. These results were covered by twelve parallel talks, one flash talk and eleven posters. These proceedings group these results into five areas: initial state, jet quenching, quarkonium production, longitudinal flow dynamics, and collectivity in small systems.
The very exotic nuclear resonance systems, 10He and 13Li, are produced in proton-knockout reactions from relativistic beams of 11Li and 14Be. The experimentally determined energy and angular correlations between their decay products, and , are analyzed using an expansion of decay amplitudes in a restricted set of hyperspherical harmonics. By considering only a small number of terms it is possible to extract the expansion coefficients directly from the experimental three-body correlations. This provides a model-independent way of getting information about the decay process, on the structure of the decaying nucleus and on the quantum characteristics of the binary subsystems.
The results show that the relative-energy spectrum can be interpreted as consisting of two resonances, an Iπ=0+ ground state and an excited Iπ=2+ state. The relative-energy spectrum is interpreted as an Iπ=3/2− ground state overlapping with excited states having a structure similar to the 2+ state in 10He but spread over several states due to the coupling to the Iπ=3/2− core. The13Li data also give evidence for a contribution of a configuration where the two neutrons occupy the d-shell.
The unbound nuclei 9He and 10He have been produced in proton-knockout reactions from a 280 MeV/u 11Li beam impinging on a liquid hydrogen target at the ALADIN-LAND setup at GSI. Information on their nuclear structure has been obtained from the relative-energy spectra, 8He + n and 8He + 2n, employing reaction models incorporating the structure of 11Li.
The ground-state interaction potential between hydrogen and antihydrogen has been calculated within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Cross sections for rearrangement and annihilation in flight have been determined. Implications for cooling of antihydro
The results from the first kinematically complete measurement of the dd -> He-4 pi pi reaction are reported. The aim was to investigate a long standing puzzle regarding the origin of the peculiar pi pi-invariant mass distributions appearing in double pion production in light ion collisions, the so-called ABC effect. The measurements were performed at the incident deuteron energies of 712 MeV and 1029 MeV. with the WASA detector assembly at CELSIUS in Uppsala, Sweden. We report the observation of a characteristic enhancement at low pi pi-invariant mass at 712 MeV, the lowest energy yet. At the higher energy, in addition to confirming previous experimental observations, Our results reveal a strong angular dependence of the pions in the overall centre of mass system. The results are qualitatively reproduced by a theoretical model, according to which the ABC effect is described as resulting from a kinematical enhancement in the production of the pion pairs from two parallel and independent NN -> d pi sub-processes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
High-spin states of the isotopes 103,105,107,109In have been investigated using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic methods. Results from three different experiments are presented. Targets of 54Fe, 50Cr, and 92Mo were bombarded by a 270 and 261 MeV 58Ni beam and by a 95 MeV 19F beam, respectively. Reaction channel separation was achieved with a charged-particle detector array and in the first two experiments also with a 1π neutron detector system. As a result of these experiments the level schemes of 103,105,107,109In were significantly extended. Excited states of these odd-A indium isotopes are discussed within the framework of the nuclear shell model and the hole-core coupling scheme. The systematics of excited states of light odd-A indium isotopes is also discussed.
Abstract We measured the reaction cross sections of the two-neutron halo nucleus 14Be with proton and carbon targets at about 41 and 76 MeV/nucleon. Based on a Glauber model calculation, we deduced the matter density distribution of 14Be in which previously measured interaction cross sections at relativistic energies were also included. An s-wave dominance in 14Be has been confirmed, although the halo tail of 14Be is not distributed as much as that of 11Li. Significant mixing of the p-wave in addition to the s- and d-wave is also suggested.
Events containing a high transverse momentum (p(T)) prompt photon offer a useful way to study the dynamics of the hot, dense medium produced in heavy ion collisions. Because photons do not carry color charge, they are unaffected by the medium, and thus provide information about the momentum, direction, and flavor (quark or gluon) of the associated hard-scattered parton before it begins to shower and become quenched. In particular, the presence of a high-p(T) photon can be used to select pp and Pb+Pb events with the same configuration before quenching, limiting the effects of quenching-induced selection biases present in other jet measurements. The large statistics pp and Pb+Pb data delivered by the LHC in 2015 allow for a detailed study of photon-tagged jet quenching effects, such as the overall parton energy loss and modified structure of the component of the shower which remains correlated with the initial parton direction (e.g. in cone). In this proceeding, photon-tagged measurements of jet quenching by ATLAS are reported.
This work constitutes one part of an investigation of the low-temperature changes of the properties of the eta ' meson. In turn these properties are strongly tied to the U(1)(A) anomaly of Quantum Chromodynamics. The final aim is to explore the interplay of the chiral anomaly and in-medium effects. We determine the lifetime of an eta ' meson being at rest in a strongly interacting medium as a function of the temperature. To have a formally well-defined low-energy limit we use in a first step Chiral Perturbation Theory for a large number of colors. We determine the pertinent scattering amplitudes in leading and next-to-leading order. In a second step we include resonances that appear in the same mass range as the eta ' meson. The resonances are introduced such that the low-energy limit remains unchanged and that they saturate the corresponding low-energy constants. This requirement fixes all coupling constants. We find that the width of the eta ' meson is significantly increased from about 200 keV in vacuum to about 10 MeV at a temperature of 120 MeV.
Neutron deficient nuclei close to 100Sn have been studied using the NORDBALL Ge-detector array together with ancillary particle detectors. Evaporation residues from the compound nucleus 108Te were identified with charged particle and neutron detectors. In this paper a considerable extension of the level scheme of the nucleus 102Cd is presented. The strongest cascade of the new level scheme reveals an irregular sequence of dipole transitions above Iπ = 10+ extending up to spin 17. A strongly populated rather regular side band consisting of four quadrupole transitions ranging from spin 9 to spin 17 was also discovered. This band was tentatively assigned negative parity. Shell model calculations were performed and a very good agreement with the experimental results was found. The excited states could successfully be interpreted as neutron particle and proton hole excitations with respect to the doubly closed core 50100Sn50.
Studies of the fragmentation of jets into charged particles in heavy-ion collisions can help in understanding the mechanism of jet quenching by the hot and dense QCD matter created in such collisions, the quark-gluon plasma. These proceedings present a measurement of the angular distribution of charged particles around the jet axis in root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and pp collisions, done using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurement is performed inside jets reconstructed with the anti-k(t) algorithm with radius parameter R = 0.4, and is extended to regions outside the jet cone. Results are presented as a function of Pb+Pb collision centrality, and both jet and charged-particle transverse momenta.
High spin states in the nucleus 89Tc have been studied via the fusion evaporation reaction 58Ni(40Ca,2αp)89Tc at 180 MeV beam energy. The NORDBALL γ-ray spectrometer equipped with auxiliary detectors for light particle selection was used to measure γγ- and particle-γγ coin-cidences. Some 60 transitions were placed into a level scheme comprising 38 levels reaching up to 9.2 MeV excitation energy and a possible spin of . The level scheme is compared to those of neighbouring nuclei and interpreted in terms of the spherical shell model. The calculations were performed with different sets of parameters within a restricted , , and configuration space. States above 2.3 MeV excitation energy are well reproduced by shell model calculations based on an empirical residual interaction, whereas collective excitations are suggested to contribute to the wave functions of lower lying states.
The production of omega mesons in pd -> He-3 omega has been studied with the WASA detector at two energies near the kinematic threshold, corresponding to p(omega)(*) = 280 MeV/c and p(omega)(*) = 144 MeV/c. For p(omega)(*) = 280 MeV/c, the differential cross section as a function of cos(theta(*)(omega)) has been extracted. The result indicates contributions from higher partial waves.
Bound nuclear systems with two units of strangeness are still poorly known despite their importance for many strong interaction phenomena. Stored antiprotons beams in the GeV range represent an unparalleled factory for various hyperon-antihyperon pairs. Their outstanding large production probability in antiproton collisions will open the floodgates for a series of new studies of systems which contain two or even more units of strangeness at the PANDA experiment at FAIR. For the first time, high resolution gamma-spectroscopy of doubly strange Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei will be performed, thus complementing measurements of ground state decays of Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei at J-PARC or possible decays of particle unstable hypernuclei in heavy ion reactions. High resolution spectroscopy of multistrange Xi(-) -atoms will be feasible and even the production of Omega(-) -atoms will be within reach. The latter might open the door to the vertical bar S vertical bar = 3 world in strangeness nuclear physics, by the study of the hadronic Omega(-) -nucleus interaction. For the first time it will be possible to study the behavior of Xi(+) in nuclear systems under well controlled conditions.
This short summary presents latest measurements of the nuclear modification factor, R-AA, for R = 0.4 jets in Pb+Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis is performed over a large range of transverse momentum, up to p(T) = 1 TeV, and differentially in jet p(T), rapidity, and collision centrality. The jet R-AA is measured also differentially in the jet mass, m, which provides new information on the dependence of the energy loss on the substructure of jets. Latest results by ATLAS on the dijet momentum balance in Xe+Xe collisions at root s(NN) = 5.44 TeV are presented and compared to the same quantity measured in Pb+Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV. These recent measurements should help us understand mechanisms of parton energy loss and properties of hot and dense matter created in heavy-ion collisions.
Electromagnetic processes, both photon-photon and photon-nucleus, are shown to be useful in studying aspects of QED, QCD, and potentially the QGP. Using lead-lead collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV, the ATLAS detector has performed measurements of exclusive dimuon production, light-by-light scattering (via exclusive diphoton production), and photo-nuclear dijet production. These are all important examples of ultraperipheral collisions, where the nuclei do not interact hadronically. A recent study of the opening angles of dimuons produced in hadronic heavy-ion collisions, after subtracting heavy-flavor backgrounds, demonstrates that the dimuons carry information correlated with the overlap geometry, potentially about the density of charges in the QGP itself.
Interaction cross sections (σI) for neutron-rich Ne isotopes, 28-32Ne on C target have been measured at 240A MeV using the RIBF at RIKEN. A large enhancement of σI beyond the systematics of stable nuclei have been observed for neutron-rich Ne isotopes, particularly for 31Ne. The possible halo structure for 29,31Ne which would be caused by the lowering of the pf-shell and nuclear deformation of Ne isotopes are discussed by the preliminary analysis.
Measurements of four-particle cumulants c(n){4} for n = 1, 2, 3, 4 are presented using 470 mu b(-1) of Pb+Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. These cumulants provide information on the event-by-event fluctuations of single harmonics p(v(n)). For the first time, a negative c(1){4} is observed. The c(4){4} is found to be negative in central collisions but changes sign around 20-25% centrality. This behavior is consistent with a nonlinear contribution to v(4) that is proportional to v(2)(2). c(2){4} and c(3){4} are calculated using two reference event classes in order to investigate the influence of volume fluctuations. Over most of the centrality range, c(2){4} and c(3){4} are found to be negative, while in the ultra-central collisions, c(2){4} changes sign and becomes positive, suggesting a deviation from Gaussian behavior in the event-by-event fluctuation of v(2). The magnitudes of the sign change are also found to be dependent of the event class definition .