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  • 1.
    Alström, Ulrica
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Levin, L-Å
    Ståhle, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Thoracic Surgery. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Svedjeholm, R
    Friberg, Ö
    Cost analysis of re-exploration for bleeding after coronary artery bypass graft surgery2012In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 108, no 2, p. 216-222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Re-exploration for bleeding after cardiac surgery is an indicator of substantial haemorrhage and is associated with increased hospital resource utilization. This study aimed to analyse the costs of re-exploration and estimate the costs of haemostatic prophylaxis.

    METHODS:

    A total of 4232 patients underwent isolated, first-time, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery during 2005-8. Each patient re-explored for bleeding (n=127) was matched with two controls not requiring re-exploration (n=254). Cost analysis was based on resource utilization from completion of CABG until discharge. A mean cost per patient for re-exploration was calculated. Based on this, the net cost of prophylactic treatment with haemostatic drugs for preventing re-exploration was calculated.

    RESULTS:

    Patients undergoing re-exploration had higher exposure to clopidogrel before operation, prolonged stays in the intensive care unit, and more blood transfusions than controls. The mean incremental cost for re-exploration was (sic)6290 [95% confidence interval (CI) (sic)3408-(sic)9173] per patient, of which 48% [(sic)3001 (95% CI (sic)249-(sic)2147)] was due to prolonged stay, 31% [(sic)1928 (95% CI (sic)1710-(sic)2147)] to the cost of surgery/anaesthesia, 20% [(sic)1261 (95% CI (sic)1145-(sic)1378)] to the increased number of blood transfusions, and <2% [(sic)100 (95% CI (sic)39-(sic)161)] to the cost of haemostatic drugs. A cost model, at an estimated 50% efficacy for recombinant activated clotting factor VIIa and a 50% expected risk for re-exploration without prophylaxis, demonstrated that to be cost neutral, prophylaxis of four patients needed to result in one avoided re-exploration.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    The resource utilization costs were substantially higher in patients requiring re-exploration for bleeding. From a strict cost-effectiveness perspective, clinical interventions to prevent haemorrhage might be underutilized.

  • 2.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Stenerlöw, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Radiation Science.
    Sundell-Bergman, S.
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil & Environm, Umea, Sweden.
    Fredriksson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Viberg, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Gordh, Torsten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Effects on adult cognitive function after neonatal exposure to clinically relevant doses of ionising radiation and ketamine in mice2018In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 120, no 3, p. 546-554Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Radiological methods for screening, diagnostics and therapy are frequently used in healthcare. In infants and children, anaesthesia/sedation is often used in these situations to relieve the patients' perception of stress or pain. Both ionising radiation (IR) and ketamine have been shown to induce developmental neurotoxic effects and this study aimed to identify the combined effects of these in a murine model. Methods: Male mice were exposed to a single dose of ketamine (7.5 mg kg(-1) body weight) s.c. on postnatal day 10. One hour after ketamine exposure, mice were whole body irradiated with 50-200 mGy gamma radiation (Cs-137). Behavioural observations were performed at 2, 4 and 5 months of age. At 6 months of age, cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue were analysed for neuroprotein levels. Results: Animals co-exposed to IR and ketamine displayed significant (P <= 0.01) lack of habituation in the spontaneous behaviour test, when compared with controls and single agent exposed mice. In the Morris Water Maze test, co-exposed animals showed significant (P <= 0.05) impaired learning and memory capacity in both the spatial acquisition task and the relearning test compared with controls and single agent exposed mice. Furthermore, in co-exposed mice a significantly (P <= 0.05) elevated level of tau protein in cerebral cortex was observed. Single agent exposure did not cause any significant effects on the investigated endpoints. Conclusion: Co-exposure to IR and ketamine can aggravate developmental neurotoxic effects at doses where the single agent exposure does not impact on the measured variables. These findings show that estimation of risk after paediatric low-dose IR exposure, based upon radiation dose alone, may underestimate the consequences for this vulnerable population.

  • 3. Chew, Michelle S
    et al.
    Puelacher, Christian
    Patel, Akshaykumar
    Hammarskjöld, Fredrik
    Lyckner, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland.
    Kollind, Malin
    Jawad, Monir
    Andersson, Ulrika
    Fredrikson, Mats
    Sperber, Jesper
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland.
    Johnsson, Patrik
    Elander, Louise
    Zeuchner, Jakob
    Linhardt, Michael
    De Geer, Lina
    Rolander, Wictor Gääw
    Gagnö, Gunilla
    Didriksson, Helén
    Pearse, Rupert
    Mueller, Christian
    Andersson, Henrik
    Identification of myocardial injury using perioperative troponin surveillance in major noncardiac surgery and net benefit over the Revised Cardiac Risk Index2022In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 128, no 1, p. 26-36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Patients with perioperative myocardial injury are at risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The primary aim of this study was to determine optimal thresholds of preoperative and perioperative changes in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) to predict MACCE and mortality.

    METHODS: Prospective, observational, cohort study in patients ≥50 yr of age undergoing elective major noncardiac surgery at seven hospitals in Sweden. The exposures were hs-cTnT measured before and days 0-3 after surgery. Two previously published thresholds for myocardial injury and two thresholds identified using receiver operating characteristic analyses were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models and externally validated. The weighted comparison net benefit method was applied to determine the additional value of hs-cTnT thresholds when compared with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day all-cause mortality and MACCE.

    RESULTS: We included 1291 patients between April 2017 and December 2020. The primary outcome occurred in 124 patients (9.6%). Perioperative increase in hs-cTnT ≥14 ng L-1 above preoperative values provided statistically optimal model performance and was associated with the highest risk for the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.8-4.7). Validation in an independent, external cohort confirmed these findings. A net benefit over RCRI was demonstrated across a range of clinical thresholds.

    CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative increases in hsTnT ≥14 ng L-1 above baseline values identifies acute perioperative myocardial injury and provides a net prognostic benefit when added to RCRI for the identification of patients at high risk of death and MACCE.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03436238.

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  • 4.
    Crockett, D. C.
    et al.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England.
    Cronin, J. N.
    Kings Coll London, Ctr Human & Appl Physiol Sci, London, England.
    Bommakanti, N.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England;Columbia Univ, Vagelos Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA.
    Chen, R.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England.
    Hahn, C. E. W.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England.
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Farmery, A. D.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England.
    Formenti, F.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England;Kings Coll London, Ctr Human & Appl Physiol Sci, London, England;Univ Nebraska, Dept Biomech, Omaha, NE 68182 USA.
    Tidal changes in PaO2 and their relationship to cyclical lung recruitment/derecruitment in a porcine lung injury model2019In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 122, no 2, p. 277-285Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Tidal recruitment/derecruitment (R/D) of collapsed regions in lung injury has been presumed to cause respiratory oscillations in the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2). These phenomena have not yet been studied simultaneously. We examined the relationship between R/D and PaO2 oscillations by contemporaneous measurement of lung-density changes and PaO2. Methods: Five anaesthetised pigs were studied after surfactant depletion via a saline-lavage model of R/D. The animals were ventilated with a mean fraction of inspired O-2 (FiO(2)) of 0.7 and a tidal volume of 10 ml kg(-1) Protocolised changes in pressure-and volume-controlled modes, inspiratory: expiratory ratio (I:E), and three types of breath-hold manoeuvres were undertaken. Lung collapse and PaO2 were recorded using dynamic computed tomography (dCT) and a rapid PaO2 sensor. Results: During tidal ventilation, the expiratory lung collapse increased when I: E <1 [mean (standard deviation) lung collapse = .7 (8.7)%; P<0.05], but the amplitude of respiratory PaO2 oscillations [ 2.2 (0.8) kPa] did not change during the respiratory cycle. The expected relationship between respiratory PaO2 oscillation amplitude and R/D was therefore not clear. Lung collapse increased during breath-hold manoeuvres at end-expiration and end-inspiration (14% vs 0.9-2.1%; P<0.0001). The mean change in PaO2 from beginning to end of breath-hold manoeuvres was significantly different with each type of breath-hold manoeuvre (P<0.0001). Conclusions: This study in a porcine model of collapse-prone lungs did not demonstrate the expected association between PaO2 oscillation amplitude and the degree of recruitment/derecruitment. The results suggest that changes in pulmonary ventilation are not the sole determinant of changes in PaO2 during mechanical ventilation in lung injury.

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  • 5.
    Crockett, Douglas C.
    et al.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England.
    Tran, Minh C.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England;Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford, England.
    Formenti, Federico
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England;Kings Coll London, Ctr Human & Appl Physiol Sci, London, England;Univ Nebraska, Dept Biomech, Omaha, NE 68182 USA.
    Cronin, John N.
    Kings Coll London, Ctr Human & Appl Physiol Sci, London, England.
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Phan, Phi A.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England.
    Farmery, Andrew D.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Div Anaesthet, Oxford, England.
    Validating the inspired sinewave technique to measure the volume of the 'baby lung' in a porcine lung-injury model2020In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 124, no 3, p. 345-353Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Bedside lung volume measurement could personalise ventilation and reduce driving pressure in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We investigated a modified gas-dilution method, the inspired sinewave technique (IST), to measure the effective lung volume (ELV) in pigs with uninjured lungs and in an ARDS model. Methods: Anaesthetised mechanically ventilated pigs were studied before and after surfactant depletion by saline lavage. Changes in PEEP were used to change ELV. Paired measurements of absolute ELV were taken with IST (ELVIST) and compared with gold-standard measures (sulphur hexafluoride wash in/washout [ELVSF6] and computed tomography (CT) [ELVCT]). Measured volumes were used to calculate changes in ELV (Delta ELV) between PEEP levels for each method (Delta ELVIST, Delta ELVSF6, and Delta ELVCT). Results: The coefficient of variation was <5% for repeated ELVIST measurements (n=13 pigs). There was a strong linear relationship between ELVIST and ELVSF6 in uninjured lungs (r(2)=0.97), and with both ELVSF6 and ELVCT in the ARDS model (r(2)=0.87 and 0.92, respectively). ELVIST had a mean bias of -12 to 13% (95% limits=+/- 17 - 25%) compared with ELVSF6 and ELVCT. Delta ELVIST was concordant with Delta ELVSF6 and Delta ELVCT in 98-100% of measurements, and had a mean bias of -73 to -77 ml (95% limits=+/- 128 - 186 ml) compared with Delta ELVSF6 and -1 ml (95% limits +/- 333 ml) compared with Delta ELVCT. Conclusions: IST provides a repeatable measure of absolute ELV and shows minimal bias when tracking PEEP-induced changes in lung volume compared with CT in a saline-lavage model of ARDS.

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  • 6.
    de Graaff, Jurgen C.
    et al.
    Erasmus MC, Dept Anaesthesiol, ADRZ, Goes, Netherlands.
    Frykholm, Peter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Ephedrine to treat intraoperative hypotension in infants: what is the target?2023In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 130, no 5, p. 510-515Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Off-label use of medications in paediatric anaesthesia is common practice, owing to the relative paucity of evidence -based dosing regimens in children. Well-performed dose-finding studies, especially in infants, are rare and urgently needed. Unanticipated effects can result when paediatric dosing is based on adult parameters or local traditions. A recent dose-finding study on ephedrine highlights the uniqueness of paediatric dosing in comparison with adult dosing. We discuss the problems of off-label medication use and the lack of evidence for various definitions of hypotension and associated treatment strategies in paediatric anaesthesia. What is the aim of treating hypotension associated with anaesthesia induction: restoring the MAP to awake baseline values or elevating it above a provisional hypotension threshold?

  • 7.
    Disma, Nicola
    et al.
    IRCCS Ist Giannina Gaslini, Dept Anaesthesia, Unit Res Anaesthesia, Genoa, Italy..
    Frykholm, Peter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Clear rules for clear fluids fasting in children2024In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 132, no 1, p. 18-20Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Preoperative fasting guidelines published in 2022 by the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care represent a paradigm shift in the preoperative preparation of children undergoing general anaesthesia. Schmitz and colleagues report the results from a multi-institutional prospective cohort study to determine if application of the recent guidelines increased the risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration. This study provides support for the concept of reducing real fasting times by allowing clear fluids until 1 h before induction of anaesthesia. Although the study cohort was large, further prospective multicentre studies with even greater sample sizes are warranted to provide definitive evidence for the safety of the new fasting rules.

  • 8. Disma, Nicola
    et al.
    Veyckemans, Francis
    Virag, Katalin
    Hansen, Tom G
    Becke, Karin
    Harlet, Pierre
    Vutskits, Laszlo
    Walker, Suellen M
    de Graaff, Jurgen C
    Zielinska, Marzena
    Simic, Dusica
    Engelhardt, Thomas
    Habre, Walid
    Morbidity and mortality after anaesthesia in early life: results of the European prospective multicentre observational study, neonate and children audit of anaesthesia practice in Europe (NECTARINE).2021In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 126, no 6, p. 1157-1172, article id S0007-0912(21)00111-2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Neonates and infants requiring anaesthesia are at risk of physiological instability and complications, but triggers for peri-anaesthetic interventions and associations with subsequent outcome are unknown.

    METHODS: This prospective, observational study recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. The primary aim was to identify thresholds of pre-determined physiological variables that triggered a medical intervention. The secondary aims were to evaluate morbidities, mortality at 30 and 90 days, or both, and associations with critical events.

    RESULTS: Infants (n=5609) born at mean (standard deviation [sd]) 36.2 (4.4) weeks postmenstrual age (35.7% preterm) underwent 6542 procedures within 63 (48) days of birth. Critical event(s) requiring intervention occurred in 35.2% of cases, mainly hypotension (>30% decrease in blood pressure) or reduced oxygenation (SpO2 <85%). Postmenstrual age influenced the incidence and thresholds for intervention. Risk of critical events was increased by prior neonatal medical conditions, congenital anomalies, or both (relative risk [RR]=1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.28) and in those requiring preoperative intensive support (RR=1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.41). Additional complications occurred in 16.3% of patients by 30 days, and overall 90-day mortality was 3.2% (95% CI, 2.7-3.7%). Co-occurrence of intraoperative hypotension, hypoxaemia, and anaemia was associated with increased risk of morbidity (RR=3.56; 95% CI, 1.64-7.71) and mortality (RR=19.80; 95% CI, 5.87-66.7).

    CONCLUSIONS: Variability in physiological thresholds that triggered an intervention, and the impact of poor tissue oxygenation on patient's outcome, highlight the need for more standardised perioperative management guidelines for neonates and infants.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02350348.

  • 9. Disma, Nicola
    et al.
    Virag, Katalin
    Riva, Thomas
    Kaufmann, Jost
    Engelhardt, Thomas
    Habre, Walid
    Difficult tracheal intubation in neonates and infants. NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE): a prospective European multicentre observational study.2021In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 126, no 6, p. 1173-1181, article id S0007-0912(21)00116-1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Neonates and infants are susceptible to hypoxaemia in the perioperative period. The aim of this study was to analyse interventions related to anaesthesia tracheal intubations in this European cohort and identify their clinical consequences.

    METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of tracheal intubations of the European multicentre observational trial (NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe [NECTARINE]) in neonates and small infants with difficult tracheal intubation. The primary endpoint was the incidence of difficult intubation and the related complications. The secondary endpoints were the risk factors for severe hypoxaemia attributed to difficult airway management, and 30 and 90 day outcomes.

    RESULTS: Tracheal intubation was planned in 4683 procedures. Difficult tracheal intubation, defined as two failed attempts of direct laryngoscopy, occurred in 266 children (271 procedures) with an incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 5.8% (95% CI, 5.1-6.5). Bradycardia occurred in 8% of the cases with difficult intubation, whereas a significant decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2<90% for 60 s) was reported in 40%. No associated risk factors could be identified among co-morbidities, surgical, or anaesthesia management. Using propensity scoring to adjust for confounders, difficult anaesthesia tracheal intubation did not lead to an increase in 30 and 90 day morbidity or mortality.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrate a high incidence of difficult tracheal intubation in children less than 60 weeks post-conceptual age commonly resulting in severe hypoxaemia. Reassuringly, the morbidity and mortality at 30 and 90 days was not increased by the occurrence of a difficult intubation event.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02350348.

  • 10.
    Ferrando, Carlos
    et al.
    Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain;Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Enfermedades Resp, Madrid, Spain.
    Aldecoa, Cesar
    Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valladolid, Spain.
    Unzueta, Carmen
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Javier Belda, F.
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Librero, Julian
    UPNA, REDISSEC Red Invest Serv Salud Enfermedades Cron, Complejo Hosp Navarra, Navarrabiomed, Valencia, Spain.
    Tusman, Gerardo
    Hosp Privado Comunidad Mar Del Plata, Dept Anesthesiol, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
    Suarez-Sipmann, Fernando
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory. Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Enfermedades Resp, Madrid, Spain;Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Peiro, Salvador
    Fdn Fomento Invest Sanitaria & Biomed Comunidad V, Red Invest Serv Salud Enfermedades Cron REDISSEC, Valencia, Spain.
    Pozo, Natividad
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Brunelli, Andrea
    Hosp Germans Tries & Pujol, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Badalona, Spain.
    Garutti, Ignacio
    Hosp Germans Tries & Pujol, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Badalona, Spain;Hosp Univ Gen Gregorio Maranon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Gallego, Clara
    Hosp Univ Ramon & Cajal, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Rodriguez, Aurelio
    Hosp Univ Dr Negrin, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain.
    Ignacio Garcia, Jose
    Hosp Fdn Alcorcon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Alcorcon, Spain.
    Diaz-Cambronero, Oscar
    Hosp Univ La Fe, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Balust, Jaume
    Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Redondo, Francisco J.
    Hosp Gen Ciudad Real, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Ciudad Real, Spain.
    de la Matta, Manuel
    Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Seville, Spain.
    Gallego-Ligorit, Lucia
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Hernandez, Javier
    Hosp Gen Valencia, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Martinez, Pascual
    Hosp Albacete, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Albacete, Spain.
    Perez, Ana
    Hosp Elche, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Elche, Spain.
    Leal, Sonsoles
    Hosp Povisa, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Vigo, Spain.
    Alday, Enrique
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Monedero, Pablo
    Clin Univ Navarra, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Pamplona, Spain.
    Gonzalez, Rafael
    Hosp Univ Leon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Leon, Spain.
    Mazzirani, Guido
    Hosp Manises, Dept Anesthesiol, Manises, Spain.
    Aguilar, Gerardo
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Lopez-Baamonde, Manuel
    Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Felipe, Mar
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Mugarra, Ana
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Torrente, Jara
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Valencia, Lucia
    Hosp Univ Dr Negrin, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain.
    Varon, Viviana
    Hosp Fdn Alcorcon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Alcorcon, Spain.
    Sanchez, Sergio
    Hosp Gen Ciudad Real, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Ciudad Real, Spain.
    Rodriguez, Benigno
    Hosp Povisa, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Vigo, Spain.
    Martin, Ana
    Hosp Univ Leon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Leon, Spain.
    India, Inmaculada
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Azparren, Gonzalo
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Molina, Rodrigo
    Hosp Fdn Alcorcon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Alcorcon, Spain.
    Villar, Jesus
    Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Enfermedades Resp, Madrid, Spain;Hosp Univ Dr Negrin, Res Unit, Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunct Evaluat Res Netw, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain;St Michaels Hosp, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, Keenan Res Ctr Biomed Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Soro, Marina
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Acosta, Jesus
    Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Seville, Spain.
    Jose Alberola, Maria
    Hosp Univ La Fe, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Alcon, Amalia
    Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Almajano, Rosa
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Alvarez, Carlos
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Anaya, Rafael
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Aragon, Cristian
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Argilaga, Marta
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Arocas, Blanca
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Ayas, Begona
    Hosp Univ La Fe, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Balandron, Victor
    Hosp Gen Ciudad Real, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Ciudad Real, Spain.
    Barcena, Elizabeth
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Bejarano, Natalia
    Hosp Gen Valencia, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Belmonte, Luis
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Berges, Vanesa
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Guillen Bermejo, Ma
    Hosp Univ Dr Negrin, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain.
    Cabadas, Rafael
    Hosp Povisa, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Vigo, Spain.
    Cabrera, Sergio
    Hosp Univ Dr Negrin, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain.
    Callejas, Raquel
    Clin Univ Navarra, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Pamplona, Spain.
    Carbonell, Jose
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Carrizo, Juan
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Castillo, Jesus
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Charco, Pedro
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Colas, Ana
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Colomina, Lorena
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Cotter, Laura
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Cruz, Patricia
    Hosp Univ Gen Gregorio Maranon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Cuervo, Javier
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Del Castillo, Gema
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Del Rio, Elena
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Delgado, Juan
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Dexeus, Carlos
    Hosp Germans Tries & Pujol, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Badalona, Spain.
    Diaz, Ruben
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Dinu, Mandalina
    Hosp Germans Tries & Pujol, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Badalona, Spain.
    Duca, Alejandro
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Duque, Paula
    Clin Univ Navarra, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Pamplona, Spain.
    Echarri, Gemma
    Clin Univ Navarra, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Pamplona, Spain.
    Fabra, Patricia
    Hosp Gen Ciudad Real, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Ciudad Real, Spain.
    Fernandez, Carmen
    Hosp Univ Gen Gregorio Maranon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Florea, Raluca
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Forcada, Pilar
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Fuentes, Isabel
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Garces, Cristina
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Garcia Del Valle, Santiago
    Hosp Fdn Alcorcon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Alcorcon, Spain.
    Garcia, Beatriz
    Hosp Univ Gen Gregorio Maranon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Garcia, Esther
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Garcia, Maria
    Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valladolid, Spain.
    Garcia, Mercedes
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Garrigues, Beatriz
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Gil, Fernando
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Gonzalez, Domingo
    Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Seville, Spain.
    Gracia, Alejandro
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Gracia, Estefania
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Cranell, Manuel
    Hosp Gen Valencia, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Guerra, Yessica
    Hosp Univ Rio Hortega, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valladolid, Spain.
    Gutierrez, Andrea
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Hernando, Julia
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Herrero, Miriam
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Ibanez, Maite
    Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Enfermedades Resp, Madrid, Spain.
    Imaz, Ines
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Izquierdo, Blanca
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Jurado, Ana
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Lafuente, Noelia
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Lascorz, Laura
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Leon, Irene
    Hosp Gen Valencia, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Lopez, Antonio
    Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Lopez-Herrera, Daniel
    Hosp Univ Virgen del Rocio, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Seville, Spain.
    Lozano, Angels
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Miguel Marcos, Jose
    Hosp Univ Leon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Leon, Spain.
    Martinez, Graciela
    Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Martinez, Sara
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Mata, Esperanza
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Matoses, Salome
    Hosp Univ La Fe, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Mendez, Rosa
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Merino, Maria
    Hosp Univ Leon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Leon, Spain.
    Millaruelo, Andres
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Rodrigo Molina, Carlos
    Hosp Fdn Alcorcon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Alcorcon, Spain.
    Monleon, Berta
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Mauricio Montenegro, Omar
    Hosp Gen Ciudad Real, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Ciudad Real, Spain.
    Luis Munoz, Jose
    Hosp Elche, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Elche, Spain.
    Oliver-Fornies, Pablo
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Ortega, Manuel
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Aranzazu Palencia, Maria
    Hosp Univ Gen Gregorio Maranon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Parera, Ana
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Pastor, Emesto
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    del Mar Perez, Ma
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Perez, Sara
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Pestana, David
    Hosp Univ Ramon & Cajal, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Pinol, Santiago
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Puig, Jaume
    Hosp Gen Valencia, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Pujol, Roger
    Hosp Clin Barcelona, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Barcelona, Spain.
    Quesada, Natividad
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Ramon, Ana
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Rego, Consuelo
    Hosp Univ Leon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Leon, Spain.
    Reviriego, Laura
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Rodriguez, Rayco
    Hosp Univ Dr Negrin, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain.
    Romero, Blanca
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Romero, Esther
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Rosello, Marta
    Hosp Gen Valencia, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Rovira, Lucas
    Hosp Univ La Fe, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Ruiz, Lola
    Hosp Univ La Fe, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Sancho, Laura
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Sandin, Francisco
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Serralta, Ferran
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Tres, Eva
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Valls, Paola
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Vaquero, Laura
    Hosp Fdn Alcorcon, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Alcorcon, Spain.
    Varela, Marina
    Hosp Povisa, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Vigo, Spain.
    Vega, Victor
    Hosp Univ La Princesa, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain.
    Viguera, Laura
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Villazala, Ruben
    Hosp Gen Ciudad Real, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Ciudad Real, Spain.
    Villena, Abigail
    Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Valencia, Spain.
    Visiedo, Sara
    Hosp Univ Miguel Servet, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Zaragoza, Spain.
    Effects of oxygen on post-surgical infections during an individualised perioperative open-lung ventilatory strategy: a randomised controlled trial2020In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 124, no 1, p. 110-120Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: We aimed to examine whether using a high fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) in the context of an individualised intra- and postoperative open-lung ventilation approach could decrease surgical site infection (SSI) in patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. Methods: We performed a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial in a network of 21 university hospitals from June 6, 2017 to July 19, 2018. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to receive a high (0.80) or conventional (0.3) FIO2 during the intraoperative period and during the first 3 postoperative hours. All patients were mechanically ventilated with an open-lung strategy, which included recruitment manoeuvres and individualised positive end-expiratory pressure for the best respiratory-system compliance, and individualised continuous postoperative airway pressure for adequate peripheral oxyhaemoglobin saturation. The primary outcome was the prevalence of SSI within the first 7 postoperative days. The secondary outcomes were composites of systemic complications, length of intensive care and hospital stay, and 6-month mortality. Results: We enrolled 740 subjects: 371 in the high FIO2 group and 369 in the low FIO2 group. Data from 717 subjects were available for final analysis. The rate of SSI during the first postoperative week did not differ between high (8.9%) and low (9.4%) FIO2 groups (relative risk [RR]: 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-1.50; P=0.90]). Secondary outcomes, such as atelectasis (7.7% vs 9.8%; RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.48-1.25; P=0.38) and myocardial ischaemia (0.6% [n=2] vs 0% [n=0]; P=0.47) did not differ between groups. Conclusions: An oxygenation strategy using high FIO2 compared with conventional FIO2 did not reduce postoperative SSIs in abdominal surgery. No differences in secondary outcomes or adverse events were found.

  • 11.
    Fors, Diddi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Eiriksson, K.
    Arvidsson, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Rubertsson, Sten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Gas embolism during laparoscopic liver resection in a pig model: frequency and severity2010In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 105, no 3, p. 282-288Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Laparoscopic liver surgery is evolving rapidly. Carbon dioxide embolism is a potential complication. The aim of this work was to study the frequency and severity of gas embolism (GE) during laparoscopic liver lobe resection in a pig model and the resulting cardiovascular and respiratory changes. Methods. Fifteen anaesthetized piglets underwent laparoscopic left liver lobe resection. Haemodynamic and respiratory variables were monitored, including systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, end-tidal CO2, and pulmonary dead space. Online blood gas monitoring and a transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) were used. GE was graded semi-quantitatively as grade 0 (none), grade 1 (minor), or grade 2 (major), depending on the TOE results. Results. In 10 of 15 piglets, GE occurred. In total, 33 separate episodes of GE were recorded. All 13 episodes of grade 2 and three of grade 1 were serious enough to cause mainly respiratory, but also haemodynamic effects. Mostly, grade 1 GE caused only minor respiratory or haemodynamic changes. Most variables were affected during grade 2 GE; the most important were Pa-O2, Pa-CO2, end-tidal CO2, Vd/Vt, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Conclusions. GE occurred frequently during laparoscopic liver resection in this experimental study. Approximately half of the embolisms were serious enough to cause respiratory or haemodynamic disturbances or both. Pending further human studies, a combination of several monitoring techniques, with narrow limits for the alarm settings, will ensure correct interpretation of the complex physiological response to GE and reveal it early enough to alert the anaesthetist and the surgeon to the ongoing problem.

  • 12.
    Fors, Diddi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Eiriksson, K.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Waage, A.
    Arvidsson, D.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Rubertsson, Sten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    High-frequency jet ventilation shortened the duration of gas embolization during laparoscopic liver resection in a porcine model2014In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 113, no 3, p. 484-490Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Positive pressure mechanical ventilation causes rhythmic changes in thoracic pressure and central blood flow. If entrainment occurs, it could be easier for carbon dioxide to enter through a wounded vein during laparoscopic liver lobe resection (LLR). High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is a ventilating method that does not cause pronounced pressure or blood flow changes. This study aimed to investigate whether HFJV could influence the frequency, severity, or duration of gas embolism (GE) during LLR. Methods. Twenty-four anaesthetized piglets underwent lobe resection and were randomly assigned to either normal frequency ventilation (NFV) or HFJV (n=12 per group). During resection, a standardized injury to the left hepatic vein was created to increase the risk of GE. Haemodynamic and respiratory variables were monitored. Online blood gas monitoring and transoesophageal echocardiography were used. GE occurrence and severity were graded as 0 (none), 1 (minor), or 2 (major), depending on the echocardiography results. Results. GE duration was shorter in the HFJV group (P=0.008). However, no differences were found between the two groups in the frequency or severity of embolism. Incidence of Grade 2 embolism was less than that found in previous studies and physiological responses to embolism were variable. Conclusion. HFJV shortened the mean duration of GE during LLR and was a feasible ventilation method during the procedure. Individual physiological responses to GE were unpredictable.

  • 13.
    Fors, Diddi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Eiriksson, Kristinn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Arvidsson, Dag
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Upper Abdominal Surgery.
    Rubertsson, Sten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Elevated PEEP without effect upon gas embolism frequency or severity in experimental laparoscopic liver resection2012In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 109, no 2, p. 272-278Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon dioxide (CO2) embolism is a potential complication in laparoscopic liver surgery. Gas embolism (GE) is thought to occur when central venous pressure (CVP) is lower than the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). This study aimed to investigate whether an increased CVP due to induction of PEEP could influence the frequency and severity of GE during laparoscopic liver resection. Twenty anaesthetized piglets underwent laparoscopic left liver lobe resection and were randomly assigned to either 5 or 15 cm H2O PEEP (n10 per group). During resection, a standardized injury to the left hepatic vein [venous cut (VC)] was created to increase the risk of GE. Haemodynamic and respiratory variables were monitored, and online arterial blood gas monitoring and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) were used. The occurrence and severity of embolism was graded as 0 (none), 1 (minor), or 2 (major), depending on the TOE results. No differences were found between the two groups regarding the frequency or severity of GE, during either the VC (P0.65) or the rest of the surgery (P0.24). GE occurred irrespective of the CVPIAP gradient. Mechanisms other than the CVPIAP gradient seemed during laparoscopic liver surgery to contribute to the formation of CO2 embolism. This is of clinical importance to the anaesthetists.

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  • 14.
    Franzén, Stephanie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Semenas, Egidijus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Taavo, Micael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Mårtensson, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Frithiof, Robert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Renal function during sevoflurane or total intravenous propofol anaesthesia a single-centre parallel randomised controlled study.2022In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 128, no 5, p. 838-848, article id S0007-0912(22)00097-6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The choice of anaesthetic may influence regulation of renal perfusion and function. We investigated renal function in patients anaesthetised with propofol or sevoflurane before surgery and postoperatively.

    METHODS: Patients with ASA physical status 1-2 planned for spinal surgery were randomised to propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia. Blood and urine were collected before anaesthesia, during anaesthesia (before surgery), during postoperative care, and the day after surgery.

    RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients completed the study protocol (average age, 51 yr; average BMI, 28 kg m-2) and 11 were women. Urine output and sodium excretion were lower during sevoflurane anaesthesia (n=14) than during propofol anaesthesia (n=13) (0.3 vs 1.1 ml kg-1 h-1 [P=0.01] and 2.6 vs 6.0 mmol h-1 [P=0.04], respectively). Urinary potassium excretion was lower during anaesthesia than after, without intergroup difference (2.3 vs 5.7 mmol h-1, P<0.001). Sevoflurane anaesthesia increased plasma renin compared with baseline (138 vs 23 mIU L-1, P<0.001) and propofol anaesthesia (138 vs 27 mIU L-1, P=0.008). Plasma arginine-vasopressin did not change significantly during anaesthesia, but was elevated postoperatively compared with baseline irrespective of anaesthetic (21 vs 12 ng L-1, P=0.02). Sevoflurane caused higher postoperative plasma creatinine than propofol (83 vs 66 mmol L-1, P=0.01). Kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin did not change significantly in either group.

    CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane anaesthesia reduced urine output and sodium excretion and increased plasma renin compared with propofol anaesthesia. The impact of this on acute kidney injury and fluid resuscitation during surgery warrants further investigation.

    CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT: 2017-001646-10; Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0333680.

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  • 15.
    Fredén, Filip
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Berglund, Jan Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Reber, Adrian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Högman, Marie-Ann
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Inhalation of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor to a hypoxic or collapsed lung lobe in anaesthetized pigs: effects on pulmonary blood flow distribution1996In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 77, no 3, p. 413-418Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    I.v. administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), not only reduces blood flow in a hypoxic lung region but also causes systemic vasoconstriction and a decrease in cardiac output. In this study, we delivered nebulized L-NAME 0.2-1 mg kg-1 to the left lower lobe of 10 anaesthetized pigs. The left lower lobe was made hypoxic by selective inhalation of 5% oxygen or collapsed by interrupted ventilation, or both. Inhalation of L-NAME reduced fractional blood flow to the left lower lobe from 5.3 (SD 3.1)% to 1.7 (1.4)% (P < 0.05) in lobar hypoxia and from 6.0 (3.3) to 2.7 (2.7)% (P < 0.05) in lobar collapse. These reductions were accompanied by a significant increase in PaO2. There were no significant changes in arterial pressure, cardiac output or heart rate. We have shown that selective inhalation of L-NAME reduced blood flow to a hypoxic or collapsed lung region without systemic effects. The possible role for nitric oxide synthase inhibition in reducing shunt during one-lung ventilation, however, requires further study.

  • 16.
    Frykholm, Peter
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Schindler, E.
    Asklepios Klin Sankt Augustin, Dept Paediat Anaesthesia, St Augustin, NRW, Germany.
    Suempelmann, R.
    Hannover Med Sch, Clin Anaesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Hannover, Germany.
    Walker, R.
    Royal Manchester Childrens Hosp, Manchester, Lancs, England.
    Weiss, M.
    Univ Childrens Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Preoperative fasting in children: review of existing guidelines and recent developments2018In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 120, no 3, p. 469-474Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current guidelines for preoperative fasting recommend intervals of 6, 4, and 2 h (6-4-2) of fasting for solids, breast milk, and clear fluids, respectively. The objective is to minimize the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, but also to prevent unnecessarily long fasting intervals. Pulmonary aspiration is rare and associated with nearly no mortality in paediatric anaesthesia. The incidence may have decreased during the last decades, judging from several audits published recently. However, several reports of very long fasting intervals have also been published, in spite of the implementation of the 6-4-2 fasting regimens. In this review, we examine the physiological basis for various fasting recommendations, the temporal relationship between fluid intake and residual gastric content, and the pathophysiological effects of preoperative fasting, and review recent publications of various attempts to reduce the incidence of prolonged fasting in children. The pros and cons of the current guidelines will be addressed, and possible strategies for a future revision will be suggested.

  • 17.
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Edmark, L
    Perchiazzi, G
    Postoperative lung complications: have multicentre studies been of any help?2015In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 114, no 4, p. 541-543Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Tokics, Leif
    Karolinska Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Reinius, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Rothen, Hans U.
    Univ Bern, Univ Hosp Inselspital, Dept Intens Care Med, Bern, Switzerland.
    Östberg, Erland
    Vasteras Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Vasteras, Sweden.
    Öhrvik, John
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Higher age and obesity limit atelectasis formation during anaesthesia: an analysis of computed tomography data in 243 subjects2020In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 124, no 3, p. 336-344Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: General anaesthesia is increasingly common in elderly and obese patients. Greater age and body mass index (BMI) worsen gas exchange. We assessed whether this is related to increasing atelectasis during general anaesthesia.

    Methods: This primary analysis included pooled data from previously published studies of 243 subjects aged 18-78 yr, with BMI of 18-52 kg m(-2). The subjects had no clinical signs of cardiopulmonary disease, and they underwent computed tomography (CT) awake and during anaesthesia before surgery after preoxygenation with an inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) of >0.8, followed by mechanical ventilation with FIO2 of 0.3 or higher with no PEEP. Atelectasis was assessed by CT.

    Results: Atelectasis area of up to 39 cm(2) in a transverse scan near the diaphragm was seen in 90% of the subjects during anaesthesia. The log of atelectasis area was related to a quadratic function of (age+age(2)) with the most atelectasis at similar to 50 yr (r(2)=0.08; P<0.001). Log atelectasis area was also related to a broken-line function of the BMI with the knee at 30 kg m(-2) (r(2)=0.06; P<0.001). Greater atelectasis was seen in the subjects receiving FIO2 of 1.0 than FIO2 of 0.3-0.5 (12.8 vs 8.1 cm(2); P<0.001). A multiple regression analysis, including a quadratic function of age, a broken-line function of the BMI, and dichotomised FIO2 (0.3-0.5/1.0) adjusting for ventilatory frequency, strengthened the association (r(2)= 0.23; P<0.001). PaO2 decreased with both age and BMI.

    Conclusions: Atelectasis during general anaesthesia increased with age up to 50 yr and decreased beyond that. Atelectasis increased with BMI in normal and overweight patients, but showed no further increase in obese subjects (BMI >= 30 kg m(-2)). Therefore, greater age and obesity appear to limit atelectasis formation during general anaesthesia.

  • 19.
    Kozian, Alf
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Schilling, Thomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Fredén, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Maripuu, Enn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Avdelningen för sjukhusfysik.
    Röcken, Christoph
    Institute of Pathology, Charite University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.
    Strang, Christof
    Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany.
    Hachenberg, Thomas
    Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany.
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    One-lung ventilation induces hyperperfusion and alveolar damage in the ventilated lung: an experimental study2008In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 100, no 4, p. 549-559Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: One-lung ventilation (OLV) increases mechanical stress in the lung and affects ventilation and perfusion (V, Q). There are no data on the effects of OLV on postoperative V/Q matching. Thus, this controlled study evaluates the influence of OLV on V/Q distribution in a pig model using a gamma camera technique [single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)] and relates these findings to lung histopathology after OLV. METHODS: Eleven anaesthetized and ventilated pigs (V(T)=10 ml kg(-1), Fio2=0.40, PEEP=5 cm H2O) were studied. After lung separation, OLV and thoracotomy were performed in seven pigs (OLV group). During OLV and in a two-lung ventilation (TLV), control group (n=4) ventilation settings remained unchanged. SPECT with (81m)Kr (ventilation) and (99m)Tc-labelled macro-aggregated albumin (perfusion) was performed before, during, and 90 min after OLV/TLV. Finally, lung tissue samples were harvested and examined for alveolar damage. RESULTS: OLV affected ventilation and haemodynamic variables, but there were no differences between the OLV group and the control group before and after OLV/TLV. SPECT revealed an increase of perfusion in the dependent lung compared with baseline (49-56%), and a corresponding reduction of perfusion (51-44%) in non-dependent lungs after OLV. No perfusion changes were observed in the control group. This resulted in increased low V/Q regions and a shift of V/Q areas to 0.3-0.5 (10(-0.5)-10(-0.3)) in dependent lungs of OLV pigs and was associated with an increased diffuse alveolar damage score. CONCLUSIONS: OLV in pigs results in a substantial V/Q mismatch, hyperperfusion, and alveolar damage in the dependent lung and may thus contribute to gas exchange impairment after thoracic surgery.

  • 20.
    Kozian, Alf
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Schilling, Thomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Schütze, Hartmut
    Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany.
    Heres, Franziska
    Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany.
    Hachenberg, Thomas
    Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany.
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Lung computed tomography density distribution in a porcine model of one-lung ventilation2009In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 102, no 4, p. 551-560Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: One-lung ventilation (OLV) exposes the dependent lung to increased mechanical stress which may affect the postoperative course. This study evaluates regional pulmonary gas/tissue distribution in a porcine model of OLV. METHODS: Nine anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated (V(T)=10 ml kg(-1), FI(O(2))=0.40, PEEP=5 cm H(2)O) pigs were studied. After lung separation by an endobronchial blocker, lateral thoracotomy and OLV were performed in six pigs. Three animals served as controls. Static end-expiratory and end-inspiratory spiral computed tomography (CT) scans were done before, during, and after OLV and at corresponding times in controls. CT images were analysed by defined regions of interest and summarized voxels were classified by defined lung X-ray density intervals (atelectasis, poorly aerated, normally aerated, and overaerated). RESULTS: Dependent lungs contained poorly aerated regions and atelectasis with a significant tidal recruitment during conventional two-lung ventilation (TLV) before OLV (expiration vs inspiration: atelectasis 29% vs 14%; poorly aerated 66% vs 44%; normally aerated 4% vs 41% of the dependent lung volume, P<0.05). During OLV (V(T)=10 ml kg(-1)), cyclic recruitment was increased. The density spectrum of the ventilated lung changed from consolidation to aeration (expiration vs inspiration: atelectasis 10% vs 2%; poorly aerated 71% vs 18%; normally aerated 19% vs 79%, P<0.05). After OLV, increased aeration remained with less atelectasis and poorly aerated regions. Lung density distribution in the non-dependent lung of OLV pigs was unaltered after the period of complete lung collapse. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclic tidal recruitment during OLV in pigs was associated with a persistent increase of aeration in the dependent lung.

  • 21.
    Larsson, Jan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Holmström, Inger Knutsson
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    How excellent anaesthetists perform in the operating theatre: a qualitative study on non-technical skills2013In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 110, no 1, p. 115-121Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Teaching trainees to become competent professionals who can keep the complex system of anaesthesia safe is important. From a safety point of view, non-technical skills such as smooth cooperation and good communication deserve as much attention as theoretical knowledge and practical skills, which by tradition have dominated training programmes in anaesthesiology. This study aimed to describe the way excellent anaesthetists act in the operating theatre, as seen by experienced anaesthesia nurses.

    Methods The study had a descriptive and qualitative design. Five focus group interviews with three or four experienced Swedish anaesthesia nurses in each group were conducted. Interviews were analysed by using a qualitative method, looking for common themes.

    Results Six themes were found: (A) structured, responsible, and focused way of approaching work tasks; (B) clear and informative, briefing the team about the action plan before induction; (C) humble to the complexity of anaesthesia, admitting own fallibility; (D) patient-centred, having a personal contact with the patient before induction; (D) fluent in practical work without losing overview; and (F) calm and clear in critical situations, being able to change to a strong leading style.

    Conclusions Experienced anaesthesia nurses gave nuanced descriptions of how excellent anaesthetists behave and perform. These aspects of the anaesthetist's work often attract too little attention in specialist training, notwithstanding their importance for safety and fluency at work. Creating role models based on studies like the present one could be one way of increasing safety in anaesthesia.

  • 22.
    Larsson, Jan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Holmström, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Rosenqvist, Urban
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Anaesthetists understand their work in different ways - Reply2004In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 93, no 2, p. 303-304Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Larsson, Jan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Holmström, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Rosenqvist, Urban
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Trainee anaesthetists understand their work in different ways: implications for specialist education2004In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 92, no 3, p. 381-7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Traditionally, programmes for specialist education in anaesthesia and intensive care have been based on lists of attributes such as skills and knowledge. However, modern research in the science of teaching has shown that competence development is linked to changes in the way professionals understand their work. The aim of this study was to define the different ways in which trainee anaesthetists understand their work.

    Methods. Nineteen Swedish trainee anaesthetists were interviewed. The interviews sought the answers to three open-ended questions. (i) When do you feel you have been successful in your work? (ii) What is difficult or what hinders you in your work? (iii) What is the core of your anaesthesia work? Transcripts of the interviews were analysed by a phenomenographic approach, a research method aiming to determine the various ways a group of people understand a phenomenon.

    Results. Six ways of understanding their work were defined: giving anaesthesia according to a standard plan; taking responsibility for the patient’s vital functions; minimizing the patient’s suffering and making them feel safe; giving service to specialist doctors to facilitate their care of patients; organizing and leading the operating theatre and team; and developing one’s own competence, using the experience gained from every new patient for learning.

    Conclusions. Trainee anaesthetists understand their work in different ways. The trainee’s understanding affects both his/her way of performing work tasks and how he/she develops new competences. A major task for teachers of anaesthesia is to create learning situations whereby trainees can focus on new aspects of their professional work and thus develop new ways of understanding it.

  • 24.
    Larsson, Jan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Holmström, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Rosenqvist, Urban
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Burdened by training not by anaesthesia2008In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 100, no 4, p. 560-561Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Larsson, Jan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Rosenqvist, Urban
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Holmström, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Enjoying work or burdened by it? How anaesthetists experience and handle difficulties at work: a qualitative study2007In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 99, no 4, p. 493-499Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The aim of this study was to explore difficulties at work from anaesthetists’ own perspective and to examine how anaesthetists handle and cope with situations that are perceived as difficult and potentially stressful.

    Methods: Two sets of interviews were conducted with 19 specialist anaesthetists in Sweden. The first set of interviews aimed at finding how the anaesthetists experienced difficulties at work. It consisted of in-depth interviews based on one open-ended question. We analysed the interviews with a phenomenological method, looking for themes in anaesthetists’ descriptions of difficulties at work. In the second set, the interviews were semi-structured with open-ended questions, based on themes found in the first interview set. These interviews aimed at exploring how the interviewees described their ways of handling difficulties and how they coped with potentially stressful situations.

    Results: Analysis of the first set of interviews resulted in five themes, describing how the anaesthetists experienced difficulties at work. All interviewees talked about difficulties related to more than one of the themes. The second set of interviews revealed two main categories of ways of handling difficulties. First, problem solving consisted of descriptions of methods for handling difficult situations which aimed at solving problems, and second, coping strategies described ways of appraising potentially stressful situations that minimized stress, despite the problem not being solved.

    Conclusions: The anaesthetists interviewed in this study maintained that they enjoyed work and could see no external obstacles to doing a good job. They had arrived at a reconciliation of their work with its inherent difficulties and problems. Getting access to their coping strategies might help young anaesthetists to come to terms with their work.

  • 26.
    Larsson, Jan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Sanner, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Health Services Research.
    Doing a good job and getting something good out of it: on stress and well-being in anaesthesia2010In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 105, no 1, p. 34-37Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract: The anaesthetist's work, aimed at giving safe anaesthesia to patients, can do both harm and good to the anaesthetist. Research on stress in anaesthesia has traditionally focused on how the negative effects of stress can be avoided and much effort has been put into improving anaesthetists' work environment to reduce the level of stress. In this review, however, we give attention instead to what the individual anaesthetist can do to improve his or her well-being at work. Stress is, and will remain, an inevitable aspect of the anaesthetist's occupation but, as for any professional working in a stressful environment, adaptive coping can make a big difference in outcome. The choice between construing a difficult clinical situation as threat or challenge is important here because of the difference in the resulting stress response. The anaesthetist can reduce the stress effect of a potentially stressful situation by thinking of it in a new way, by redefining it through reappraisal. We describe here some lines of thought that experienced anaesthetists use to buffer the effects of work stress on physical health and mental well-being. By reframing a situation, they can reduce its stress content even if the problem at hand cannot be successfully solved. Trainee anaesthetists, who experience much stress at work and are at risk of burnout, would benefit from learning about these coping strategies.

  • 27.
    Leiter, Robert
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Aliverti, A
    Priori, R
    Staun, Philip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Lo Mauro, Antonella
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Frykholm, Peter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Comparison of superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation with conventional jet ventilation for laryngeal surgery2012In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 108, no 4, p. 690-697Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    New ventilators have simplified the use of supraglottic superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation (SHFJVSG), but it has not been systematically compared with other modes of jet ventilation (JV) in humans. We sought to investigate whether SHFJVSG would provide more effective ventilation compared with single-frequency JV techniques.

    Methods

    A total of 16 patients undergoing minor laryngeal surgery under general anaesthesia were included. In each patient, four different JV techniques were applied in random order for 10-min periods: SHFJVSG, supraglottic normal frequency (NFJVSG), supraglottic high frequency (HFJVSG), and infraglottic high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJVIG).

    Chest wall volume variations were continuously measured with opto-electronic plethysmography (OEP), intratracheal pressure was recorded and blood gases were measured.

    Results

    Chest wall volumes were normalized to NFJVSG end-expiratory level. The increase in end-expiratory chest wall volume (EEVCW) was 239 (196) ml during SHFJVSG (P<0.05 compared with NFJVSG). EEVCW was 148 (145) and 44 (106) ml during HFJVSG and HFJVIG, respectively (P<0.05 compared with SHFJVSG). Tidal volume (VT) during SHFJVSG was 269 (149) ml. VT was 229 (169) ml (P=1.00 compared with SHFJVSG), 145 (50) ml (P<0.05), and 110 (33) ml (P<0.01) during NFJVSG, HFJVSG, and HFJVIG, respectively.

    Intratracheal pressures corresponded well to changes in both EEVCW and VT. All JV modes resulted in adequate oxygenation. However, PACO2was lowest during HFJVSG [4.3 (1.3) kPa; P<0.01 compared with SHFJVSG].

    Conclusion

    SHFJVSG was associated with increased EEVCW and VT compared with the three other investigated JV modes. All four modes provided adequate ventilation and oxygenation, and thus can be used for uncomplicated laryngeal surgery in healthy patients with limited airway obstruction.

  • 28.
    Lichtwarck-Aschoff, Michael
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Kessler, V
    Sjöstrand, U H
    Hedlund, A
    Mols, G
    Rubertsson, Sten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Markström, A M
    Guttmann, J
    Static versus dynamic respiratory mechanics for setting the ventilator.2000In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 85, no 4, p. 577-86Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The lower inflection point (LIP) of the inspiratory limb of a static pressure-volume (PV) loop is assumed to indicate the pressure at which most lung units are recruited. The LIP is determined by a static manoeuvre with a PV-history that is different from the PV-history of the actual ventilation. In nine surfactant-deficient piglets, information to allow setting PEEP and VT was obtained, both from the PV-curve and also during ongoing ventilation from the dynamic compliance relationship. According to LIP, PEEP was set at 20 (95% confidence interval 17-22) cm H2O. Volume-dependent dynamic compliance suggested a PEEP reduction (to 15 (13-18) cm H2O). Pulmonary gas exchange remained satisfactory and this change resulted in reduced mechanical stress on the respiratory system, indirectly indicated by volume-dependent compliance being consistently great during the entire inspiration.

  • 29. McNicol, L
    et al.
    Lipcsey, Miklós
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Bellomo, R
    Parker, F
    Poustie, S
    Liu, G
    Kattula, A
    Pilot alternating treatment design study of the splanchnic metabolic effects of two mean arterial pressure targets during cardiopulmonary bypass2013In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 110, no 5, p. 721-728Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    The arterial pressure target for optimal splanchnic function during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is uncertain. Thus, we aimed to compare the effects of two different arterial pressure targets during CPB on trans-splanchnic oxygenation, acid-base regulation, and splanchnic interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) flux.

    METHODS:

    Sixteen patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB in a university affiliated hospital were subjected to a prospective alternating treatment design interventional study. We measured arterial and hepatic vein blood gases, electrolytes, IL-6, and IL-10 while targeting a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of between 60 and 65 mm Hg for 30 min, a MAP of between 80 and 85 mm Hg for 30 min (using norepinephrine infusion), and finally 60-65 mm Hg MAP target for 30 min.

    RESULTS:

    The MAP targets were achieved in all patients [65 (4), 84 (4), and 64 (3) mm Hg, respectively; P<0.001] with a greater dose of norepinephrine infusion during the higher MAP target (P<0.001). With longer time on CPB, hepatic vein O2 saturation decreased, while magnesium, lactate, glucose, IL-6, and IL-10 increased independent of MAP target. The decrease in hepatic vein saturation was greater as the temperature increased (re-warming). Overall, there was trans-splanchnic oxygen, chloride, lactate, and IL-6 removal during CPB (P<0.001) and carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, glucose, and IL-10 release (P<0.001). Such removal or release was not affected by the MAP target.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Targeting of a higher MAP during CPB by means of norepinephrine infusion did not affect splanchnic oxygenation, splanchnic acid-base regulation, or splanchnic IL-6 or IL-10 fluxes.

    Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN 12611001107910.

  • 30. Meira, M N C
    et al.
    Carvalho, C R R
    Galizia, M S
    Borges, J B
    Kondo, M M
    Zugaib, M
    Vieira, J E
    Atelectasis observed by computerized tomography after Caesarean section2010In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 104, no 6, p. 746-750Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Atelectasis after either vaginal or Caesarean delivery has not been adequately quantified. This study addresses the hypothesis that atelectasis may be worse in women who undergo Caesarean section when compared with vaginal delivery under regional anaesthesia.

    METHODS:

    Twenty healthy non-smoking women submitted to a chest computed tomography (CT) 2 h after delivery in a University Hospital, who had experienced vaginal delivery (n=10) under combined spinal-epidural analgesia or a Caesarean section (n=10) under spinal anaesthesia, were evaluated. The percentage cross-sectional area of atelectasis in dependent lung regions were measured from the CT images obtained at cross-section of the xiphoid process and the top of the diaphragm.

    RESULTS:

    The percentage cross-sectional area of atelectasis was 3.95% in the vaginal delivery group and 14.1% in the Caesarean group (P<0.001, Mann-Whitney rank sum test).

    CONCLUSIONS:

    These results suggested that pulmonary atelectasis is greater after Caesarean section delivery under spinal anaesthesia than after vaginal delivery with combined spinal-epidural analgesia.

  • 31. Nisula, S.
    et al.
    Yang, R.
    Poukkanen, M.
    Vaara, S. T.
    Kaukonen, K. M.
    Tallgren, M.
    Haapio, M.
    Tenhunen, Jyrki
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Korhonen, A. M.
    Pettila, V.
    Predictive value of urine interleukin-18 in the evolution and outcome of acute kidney injury in critically ill adult patients2015In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 114, no 3, p. 460-468Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory protein, which mediates ischaemic tubular injury, and has been suggested to be a sensitive and specific biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI). The predictive value of IL-18 in the diagnosis, evolution, and outcome of AKI in critically ill patients is still unclear. Methods. We measured urine IL-18 from critically ill patients at intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 24 h. We evaluated the association of IL-18 with developing new AKI, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and 90-day mortality. We calculated areas under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs), best cut-off values, and positive likelihood ratios (LR+) for IL-18 concerning these endpoints. Additionally, we compared the predictive value of IL-18 at ICU admission to that of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Results. In this study population of 1439 patients the highest urine IL-18 during the first 24 h in the ICU associated with the development of AKI with an AUC [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 0.586 (0.546-0.627) and with the development of Stage 3 AKI with an AUC (95% CI) of 0.667 (0.591-0.774). IL-18 predicted the initiation of RRT with an AUC (95% CI) of 0.655 (0.572-0.739), and 90-day mortality with an AUC (95% CI) of 0.536 (0.497-0.574). Conclusions. IL-18 had poor-to-moderate ability to predict AKI, RRT, or 90-day mortality in this large cohort of critically ill patients. Thus, it should be used with caution for diagnostic or predictive purposes in the critically ill.

  • 32. Sakr, Y
    et al.
    Payen, D
    Reinhart, K
    Suarez-Sipmann, Fernando
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna laboratory.
    Zavala, E
    Bewley, J
    Marx, G
    Vincent, J-L
    Effects of hydroxyethyl starch administration on renal function in critically ill patients2007In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 98, no 2, p. 216-224Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The influence of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions on renal function is controversial. We investigated the effect of HES administration on renal function in critically ill patients enrolled in a large multicentre observational European study. METHODS: All adult patients admitted to the 198 participating intensive care units (ICUs) during a 15-day period were enrolled. Prospectively collected data included daily fluid administration, urine output, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, serum creatinine levels, and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) during the ICU stay. RESULTS: Of 3147 patients, 1075 (34%) received HES. Patients who received HES were older [mean (SD): 62 (SD 17) vs 60 (18) years, P = 0.022], more likely to be surgical admissions, had a higher incidence of haematological malignancy and heart failure, higher SAPS II [40.0 (17.0) vs 34.7 (16.9), P < 0.001] and SOFA [6.2 (3.7) vs 5.0 (3.9), P < 0.001] scores, and less likely to be receiving RRT (2 vs 4%, P < 0.001) than those who did not receive HES. The renal SOFA score increased significantly over the ICU stay independent of the type of fluid administered. Although more patients who received HES needed RRT than non-HES patients (11 vs 9%, P = 0.006), HES administration was not associated with an increased risk for subsequent RRT in a multivariable analysis [odds ratio (OR): 0.417, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05-3.27, P = 0.406]. Sepsis (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.37-3.02, P < 0.001), cardiovascular failure (OR: 6.88, 95% CI: 4.49-10.56, P < 0.001), haematological cancer (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.28-6.25, P = 0.01), and baseline renal SOFA scores > 1 (P < 0.01 for renal SOFA 2, 3, and 4 with renal SOFA = 0 as a reference) were all associated with a higher need for RRT. CONCLUSIONS: In this observational study, haematological cancer, the presence of sepsis, cardiovascular failure, and baseline renal function as assessed by the SOFA score were independent risk factors for the subsequent need for RRT in the ICU. The administration of HES had no influence on renal function or the need for RRT in the ICU.

  • 33.
    Schilling, Thomas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Kozian, Alf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Kretzschmar, Moritz
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Huth, Christof
    Welte, Tobias
    Bühling, Frank
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Hachenberg, Thomas
    Effects of propofol and desflurane anaesthesia on the alveolar inflammatory response to one-lung ventilation2007In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 99, no 3, p. 368-375Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: One-lung ventilation (OLV) induces a pro-inflammatory response including cytokine release and leucocyte recruitment in the ventilated lung. Whether volatile or i.v. anaesthetics differentially modulate the alveolar inflammatory response to OLV is unclear. METHODS: Thirty patients, ASA II or III, undergoing open thoracic surgery were randomized to receive either propofol 4 mg kg(-1) h(-1) (n = 15) or 1 MAC desflurane in air (n = 15) during thoracic surgery. Analgesia was provided by i.v. infusion of remifentanil (0.25 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) in both groups. The patients were mechanically ventilated according to a standard protocol during two-lung ventilation and OLV. Fibre optic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of the ventilated lung was performed before and after OLV and 2 h postoperatively. Alveolar cells, protein, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin (IL)-8, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM), IL10, and polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase were determined in the BAL fluid. Data were analysed by parametric or non-parametric tests, as indicated. RESULTS: In both groups, an increase in pro-inflammatory markers was found after OLV and 2 h postoperatively; however, the fraction of alveolar granulocytes (median 63.7 vs 31.1%, P < 0.05) was significantly higher in the propofol group compared with the desflurane group. The time courses of alveolar elastase, IL-8, and IL-10 differed between groups, and alveolar TNFalpha (7.4 vs 3.1 pg ml(-1), P < 0.05) and sICAM-1 (52.3 vs 26.3 ng ml(-1), P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the propofol group. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that pro-inflammatory reactions during OLV were influenced by the type of general anaesthesia. Different patterns of alveolar cytokines may be a result of increased granulocyte recruitment during propofol anaesthesia.

  • 34.
    Schumann, S.
    et al.
    Univ Freiburg, Fac Med, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Freiburg, Germany.
    Vimlati, Laszlo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Kawati, Rafael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Guttmann, J.
    Univ Freiburg, Fac Med, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Freiburg, Germany.
    Lichtwarck-Aschoff, Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Cardiogenic oscillations to detect intratidal derecruitment and overdistension in a porcine model of healthy and atelectatic lungs2018In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 121, no 4, p. 928-935Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can result in alveolar derecruitment, and high PEEP or high tidal volume (V-T) in lung overdistension. We investigated cardiogenic oscillations (COS) in the airway pressure signal to investigate whether these oscillations can assess unfavourable intratidal events. COS induce short instantaneous compliance increases within the pressure-volume curve, and consequently in the compliance-volume curve. We hypothesised that increases in COS-induced compliance reflect non-linear intratidal respiratory system mechanics. Methods: In mechanically ventilated anaesthetised pigs with healthy (n = 13) or atelectatic (n = 12) lungs, pressure-volume relationships and the ECG were acquired at a PEEP of 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O. During inspiration, the peak compliance of successive COS (C-COS) was compared with intratidal respiratory system compliance (C-RS) within incremental volume steps up to the full V-T of 12 ml kg(-1). We analysed whether C-COS variation corresponded with systolic arterial pressure variation. Results: C-COS-volume curves showed characteristic intratidal patterns depending on the PEEP level and on atelectasis. Increasing C-RS- or C-COS-volume patterns were associated with intratidal derecruitment with low PEEP, and decreasing patterns above 6 ml kg(-1) and high PEEP showed overdistension. C-COS was not associated with systolic arterial pressure variations. Conclusions: Heartbeat-induced oscillations within the course of the inspiratory pressure-volume curve reflect nonlinear intratidal respiratory system mechanics. The analysis of these cardiogenic oscillations can be used to detect intratidal derecruitment and overdistension and, hence, to guide PEEP and V-T settings that are optimal for respiratory system mechanics.

  • 35.
    Strang, Christof M.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Fredén, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Maripuu, Enn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Avdelningen för sjukhusfysik.
    Hachenberg, T.
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Ventilation-perfusion distributions and gas exchange during carbon dioxide-pneumoperitoneum in a porcine model2010In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 105, no 5, p. 691-697Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: /st> Carbon dioxide (CO(2))-pneumoperitoneum (PP) of 12 mm Hg increases arterial oxygenation, but it also promotes collapse of dependent lung regions. This seeming paradox prompted the present animal study on the effects of PP on ventilation-perfusion distribution (V/Q) and gas exchange. METHODS: /st> Fourteen anaesthetized pigs were studied. In seven pigs, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used for spatial analysis of ventilation and perfusion distributions, and in another seven pigs, multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) was used for detailed analysis of V/Q matching. SPECT/MIGET and central haemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange were recorded during anaesthesia before and 60 min after induction of PP. RESULTS: /st> SPECT during PP showed no or only poorly ventilated regions in the dependent lung compared with the ventilation distribution during anaesthesia before PP. PP was accompanied by redistribution of blood flow away from the non- or poorly ventilated regions. V/Q analysis by MIGET showed decreased shunt from 9 (sd 2) to 7 (2)% after induction of PP (P<0.05). No regions of low V/Q were seen either before or during PP. Almost no regions of high V/Q developed during PP (1% of total ventilation). Pa(o(2)) increased from 33 (1.2) to 35.7 (3.2) kPa (P<0.01) and arterial to end-tidal Pco(2) gradient (Pae'(co(2))) increased from 0.3 (0.1) to 0.6 (0.2) kPa (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: /st> Perfusion was redistributed away from dorsal, collapsed lung regions when PP was established. This resulted in a better V/Q match. A possible mechanism is enhanced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.

  • 36.
    Strang, Christof M.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Hachenberg, Thomas
    Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany.
    Fredén, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Hedenstierna, Göran
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Development of atelectasis and arterial to end-tidal PCO2-difference in a porcine model of pneumoperitoneum2009In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 103, no 2, p. 298-303Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Intraperitoneal insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) may promote collapse of dependent lung regions. The present study was undertaken to study the effects of CO2-pneumoperitoneum (CO2-PP) on atelectasis formation, arterial oxygenation, and arterial to end-tidal PCO2-gradient (Pa-E'(CO2)). METHODS: Fifteen anaesthetized pigs [mean body weight 28 (SD 2) kg] were studied. Spiral computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained for analysis of lung tissue density. In Group 1 (n=5) mechanical ventilation (V(T)=10 ml kg (-1), FI(O2)=0.5) was applied, in Group 2 (n=5) FI(O2) was increased for 30 min to 1.0 and in Group 3 (n=5) negative airway pressure was applied for 20 s in order to enhance development of atelectasis. Cardiopulmonary and CT data were obtained before, 10, and 90 min after induction of CO2-PP at an abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg. RESULTS: Before CO2-PP, in Group 1 non-aerated tissue on CT scans was 1 (1)%, in Group 2 3 (2)% (P<0.05, compared with Group 1), and in Group 3 7 (3)% (P<0.05, compared with Group 1 and Group 2). CO2-PP significantly increased atelectasis in all groups. PaO2/FI(O2) fell and venous admixture ('shunt') increased in proportion to atelectasis during anaesthesia but CO2-PP had a varying effect on PaO2/FI(O2) and shunt. Thus, no correlation was seen between atelectasis and PaO2/FI(O2) or shunt when all data before and during CO2-PP were pooled. Pa-E'(CO2), on the other hand correlated strongly with the amount of atelectasis (r2=0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Development of atelectasis during anaesthesia and PP may be estimated by an increased Pa-E'(CO2).

  • 37.
    Sütterlin, Robert
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Priori, R
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Lomauro, A
    Frykholm, Peter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Aliverti, A
    Frequency dependence of lung volume changes during superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation and high-frequency jet ventilation2014In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 112, no 1, p. 141-149Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation (SHFJV) has proved to be safe and effective in clinical practice. However, it is unclear which frequency range optimizes ventilation and gas exchange. The aim of this study was to systematically compare high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) with HFJV by assessing chest wall volume variations (Delta EEVCW) and gas exchange in relation to variable high frequency. 

    Methods. SHFJV or HFJV were used alternatively to ventilate the lungs of 10 anaesthetized pigs (21-25 kg). The low-frequency component was kept at 16 min(-1) in SHFJV. In both modes, high frequencies ranging from 100 to 1000 min(-1) were applied in random order and ventilation was maintained for 5 min in all modalities. Chest wall volume variations were obtained using opto-electronic plethysmography. Airway pressures and arterial blood gases were measured repeatedly. 

    Results. SHFJV increased Delta EEVCW compared with HFJV; the difference ranged from 43 to 68 ml. Tidal volume (V-T) was always >240 ml during SHFJV whereas during HFJV ranged from 92 ml at theventilation frequency of 100 min(-1) to negligible values at frequencies >300 min(-1). We observed similar patterns for Pa-O2 and Pa-CO2. SHFJV provided generally higher, frequency-independent oxygenation (Pa-O2 at least 32.0 kPa) and CO2 removal (Pa-CO2 similar to 5.5 kPa), whereas HFJV led to hypoxia and hypercarbia at higher rates (Pa-O2 < 10 kPa and Pa-CO2 > 10 kPa at f(HF) > 300 min(-1)). 

    Conclusions. In a porcine model, SHFJV was more effective in increasing end-expiratory volume than single-frequency HFJV, but both modes may provide adequate ventilation in the absence of airway obstruction and respiratory disease, except for HFJV at frequencies >= 300 min(-1).

  • 38. Unzueta, C
    et al.
    Tusman, G
    Suarez-Sipmann, Fernando
    Böhm, S
    Moral, V
    Alveolar recruitment improves ventilation during thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial2012In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 108, no 3, p. 517-524Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    This study was conducted to determine whether an alveolar recruitment strategy (ARS) applied during two-lung ventilation (TLV) just before starting one-lung ventilation (OLV) improves ventilatory efficiency.

    Methods

    Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: (i) control group: ventilation with tidal volume (VT) of 8 or 6 ml kg−1 for TLV and OLV, respectively, and (ii) ARS group: same ventilatory pattern with ARS consisting of 10 consecutive breaths at a plateau pressure of 40 and 20 cm H2O PEEP applied immediately before and after OLV. Volumetric capnography and arterial blood samples were recorded 5 min (baseline) and 20 min into TLV, at 20 and 40 min during OLV, and finally 10 min after re-establishing TLV.

    Results

    Twenty subjects were included in each group. In all subjects, the airway component of dead space remained constant during the study. Compared with baseline, the alveolar dead space ratio (VDalv/VTalv) increased throughout the protocol in the control but decreased in the ARS group. Differences in VDalv/VTalv between groups were significant (P<0.001). Except for baseline, all PaO2 values in kPa (sd) were higher in the ARS than in the control group (P<0.001), respectively [70 (7) and 55 (9); 33 (9) and 24 (10); 33 (8) and 22 (10); 70 (7) and 55 (10)].

    Conclusions

    Recruitment of both lungs before instituting OLV not only decreased alveolar dead space but also improved arterial oxygenation and the efficiency of ventilation.

1 - 38 of 38
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