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  • 1. Abarca-Gómez, L.
    et al.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Social Medicine.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Yngve, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics.
    Ezzati, M
    Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults.2017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 390, no 10113, p. 2627-2642Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults.

    METHODS: We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity).

    FINDINGS: Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m(2) per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m(2) per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m(2) per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m(2) per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m(2) per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese.

    INTERPRETATION: The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults.

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  • 2.
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    et al.
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Jurid & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy..
    Abbas, Kaja M.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Abbasi, Mohammad
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Hamadan, Iran..
    Abbasifard, Mitra
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Unit, Rafsanjan, Iran.;Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Abbastabar, Hedayat
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Adv Diagnost & Intervent Radiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Abd-Allah, Foad
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Abdelalim, Ahmed
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Abdollahi, Mohammad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Pharm, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci TIPS, Tehran, Iran..
    Abdollahpour, Ibrahim
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Neurosci Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran..
    Abedi, Aidin
    Univ Southern Calif, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA..
    Abedi, Parisa
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran.;Harvard Univ, Neuroendocrine, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Abegaz, Kedir Hussein
    Near East Univ, Biostat Dept, Nicosia, Cyprus.;Madda Walabu Univ, Biostat & Hlth Informat, Bale Robe, Ethiopia..
    Abolhassani, Hassan
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Huddinge, Sweden..
    Abosetugn, Akine Eshete
    Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia..
    Aboyans, Victor
    Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Limoges, France.;Univ Limoges, Limoges, France..
    Abrams, Elissa M.
    Univ Manitoba, Sect Allergy & Clin Immunol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.;Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Pediat Dent, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Abrigo, Michael R. M.
    Philippine Inst Dev Studies, Dept Res, Quezon City, Philippines..
    Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Internal Med, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Abualhasan, Ahmed
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
    Univ Sharjah, Dept Clin Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates..
    Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal
    Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Dept Healthcare Policy & Res, Doha, Qatar..
    Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Ain Shams Univ, Dept Med, Cairo, Egypt..
    Acebedo, Alyssa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ackerman, Ilana N.
    Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Adabi, Maryam
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Hamadan, Iran..
    Adair, Tim
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Adamu, Abdu A.
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Adebayo, Oladimeji M.
    Univ Coll Hosp, Coll Med, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
    Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Dept Sociol, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria..
    Adekanmbi, Victor
    Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Cardiff, Wales..
    Adelson, Jaimie D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood
    Univ Coll Hosp, Sch Lab Med & Sci, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Univ Ibadan, Inst Cardiovasc Dis, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.
    Stellenbosch Univ, Ctr Excellence Epidemiol Modelling & Anal, Cape Town, South Africa.;Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Adham, Davoud
    Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Sch Hlth, Ardebil, Iran..
    Advani, Shailesh M.
    NIH, Social Behav Res Branch, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.;Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA..
    Afarideh, Mohsen
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Mayo Clin, Dept Dermatol, Rochester, MN USA..
    Afshari, Mahdi
    Zabol Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Zabol, Iran..
    Afshin, Ashkan
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Agardh, Emilie E.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Agarwal, Gina
    McMaster Univ, Dept Family Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Agasthi, Pradyumna
    Mayo Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Rochester, MN USA..
    Agesa, Kareha M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Aghaali, Mohammad
    Qom Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Qom, Iran..
    Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Urol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Agrawal, Anurag
    CSIR, Inst Genom & Integrat Biol, Delhi, India.;Baylor Coll Med, Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA..
    Ahmad, Tauseef
    Southeast Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Nanjing, Peoples R China..
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Ahmadi, Keivan
    Univ Nottingham, Lincoln Med Sch, Nottingham, England.;Univ Lincoln, Lincoln Med Sch, Lincoln, England..
    Ahmadi, Mehdi
    Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Environm Hlth Engn, Ahwaz, Iran.;Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Environm Technol Res Ctr, Ahwaz, Iran..
    Ahmadieh, Hamid
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, Tehran, Iran.;Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Ahmadpour, Ehsan
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Infect & Trop Dis Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Ahmed, Muktar Beshir
    Jimma Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jimma, Ethiopia.;Univ South Australia, Australian Ctr Precis Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Aji, Budi
    Jenderal Soedirman Univ, Fac Med & Publ Hlth, Purwokerto, Indonesia..
    Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie
    Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
    Univ Ibadan, Inst Adv Med Res & Training, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Newcastle Univ, Inst Neurosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
    Akinyemiju, Tomi
    Duke Univ, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA.;Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Akombi, Blessing
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet
    Intercountry Ctr Oral Hlth ICOH Africa, Dept Publ Hlth, Jos, Nigeria.;Fed Minist Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Garki, Nigeria..
    Alahdab, Fares
    Mayo Clin Fdn Med Educ & Res, Mayo Evidencebased Practice Ctr, Rochester, MN USA..
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Washington Univ, John T Milliken Dept Internal Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.;Dept Vet Affairs, Clin Epidemiol Ctr, St Louis, MO USA..
    Alam, Khurshid
    Murdoch Univ, Murdoch Business Sch, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Alam, Noore
    Queensland Hlth, Prevent Div, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Griffith Univ, Ctr Environm & Populat Hlth, Nathan, Qld, Australia..
    Alam, Samiah
    Dalhousie Univ, Dept Community Hlth & Epidemiol, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Alam, Tahiya
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Alanzi, Turki M.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Hlth Informat Management & Technol Dept, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Albertson, Samuel B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Alema, Niguse Meles
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Pharm, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun
    Arba Minch Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.;Arba Minch Univ, Dept Midwifery, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Alhabib, Khalid F.
    King Saud Univ, Dept Cardiac Sci, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Alhassan, Robert Kaba
    Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana..
    Ali, Muhammad
    Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Ali, Saqib
    Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Econ & Polit Sci, Dept Informat Syst, Muscat, Oman..
    Alicandro, Gianfranco
    Italian Natl Inst Stat, Directorate Social Stat & Populat Census, Rome, Italy..
    Alijanzadeh, Mehran
    Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Qazvin, Iran..
    Alinia, Cyrus
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Care Management & Econ, Orumiyeh, Iran..
    Alipour, Vahid
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Econ Dept, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Alizade, Hesam
    Hormozgan Univ Med Sci, Infect & Trop Dis Res Ctr, Bandar Abbas, Iran..
    Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
    Kuwait Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Safat, Kuwait.;Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Coding, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia..
    Alla, Francois
    Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sch Publ Hlth, Bordeaux, France..
    Allebeck, Peter
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
    King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;McGill Univ, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Almasi, Ali
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Almasi-Hashiani, Amir
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Arak, Iran..
    Almasri, Nihad A.
    Univ Jordan, Physiotherapy Dept, Amman, Jordan..
    Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.
    Jazan Univ, Med Res Ctr, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.;Sanaa Univ, Dept Parasitol, Sanaa, Yemen..
    Almulhim, Abdulaziz M.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Coll Med, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Alonso, Jordi
    Pompeu Fabra Univ, Res Program Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Barcelona, Spain.;Biomed Res Networking Ctr Epidemiol & Publ Hlth C, Dept Expt & Hlth Sci, Madrid, Spain..
    Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.
    King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Community Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia..
    Altirkawi, Khalid A.
    King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Alumran, Arwa Khalid
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Hlth Informat Management & Technol Dept, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
    Univ Cartagena, Hlth Econ Res Grp, Cartagena, Colombia.;Univ Costa, Res Grp Hosp Management & Hlth Policies, Barranquilla, Colombia..
    Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J.
    Univ Costa, Dept Econ Sci, Barranquilla, Colombia.;Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia..
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.;Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Amare, Bekalu
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Amini, Saeed
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Dept, Arak, Iran..
    Amini-Rarani, Mostafa
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Reasearch Ctr, Esfahan, Iran..
    Aminorroaya, Arya
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran Heart Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Amiri, Fatemeh
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Amit, Arianna Maever L.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Manila, Philippines.;Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Amugsi, Dickson A.
    African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Maternal & Child Wellbeing, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera
    Natl Univ Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew Sch Publ Policy, Singapore, Singapore..
    Anbesu, Etsay Woldu
    Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia..
    Ancuceanu, Robert
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Pharm, Bucharest, Romania..
    Anderlini, Deanna
    Univ Queensland, Ctr Sensorimotor Performance, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Anderson, Jason A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Andrei, Catalina Liliana
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Cardiol, Bucharest, Romania..
    Andrei, Tudorel
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania..
    Androudi, Sofia
    Univ Thessaly, Dept Med, Volos, Greece..
    Angus, Colin
    Univ Sheffield, Sch Hlth & Related Res, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England..
    Anjomshoa, Mina
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Ansari, Fereshteh
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Evidence Based Med, Tabriz, Iran.;Agr Res Educ & Extens Org AREEO, Razi Vaccine & Serum Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Ansari, Iman
    Shahed Univ, Med Students Res Comm, Tehran, Iran..
    Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza
    Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Zahedan, Iran..
    Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Res Ctr Publ Hlth, Monza, Italy..
    Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines.;Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Social Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Antony, Catherine M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Antriyandarti, Ernoiz
    Sebelas Maret Univ, Agribusiness Study Program, Surakarta, Indonesia..
    Anvari, Davood
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sari, Iran.;Iranshahr Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol, Iranshahr, Iran..
    Anwer, Razique
    Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Dept Pathol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw
    Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Sociol & Social Work, Kumasi, Ghana.;Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany..
    Arabloo, Jalal
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Arab-Zozani, Morteza
    Birjand Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Birjand, Iran..
    Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.
    Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe
    Wolaita Sodo Univ, Dept Nursing, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia..
    Aremu, Olatunde
    Birmingham City Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Ariani, Filippo
    Local Hlth Unit Tuscany Ctr, Reg Ctr Anal Data Occupat & Workrelated Injuries, Florence, Italy..
    Aripov, Timur
    Tashkent Inst Postgrad Med Educ, Publ Hlth & Healthcare Management, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.;Boston Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA USA..
    Armoon, Bahram
    Saveh Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Saveh, Iran.;Yasuj Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Yasuj, Iran..
    Arnlov, Johan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Stockholm, Sweden.;Dalarna Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden..
    Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan
    Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland.;Univ Basel, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland..
    Aryal, Krishna K.
    Abt Associates Nepal, Monitoring Evaluat & Operat Res Project, Lalitpur, Nepal..
    Arzani, Afsaneh
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Babol, Iran.;Babol Univ Med Sci, Babol, Iran..
    Asaad, Malke
    Univ Texas Houston, Dept Plast Surg, Houston, TX USA..
    Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Epilepsy Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran.;Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA..
    Asgari, Samaneh
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Prevent Metab Disorders Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Asghari, Babak
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Tabriz, Iran.;Zanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Zanjan, Iran..
    Ashbaugh, Charlie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Assmus, Michael
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Atafar, Zahra
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
    Zanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Zanjan, Iran..
    Atnafu, Desta Debalkie
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Hlth Syst & Hlth Econ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi
    Philadelphia Univ, Fac Nursing, Amman, Jordan..
    Atre, Sachin R.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Clin Global Hlth Educ, Baltimore, MD USA.;DY Patil Vidyapeeth, DY Patil Med Coll Hosp & Res Ctr, Pune, Maharashtra, India..
    Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan
    Keimyung Univ, Dept Social Welf, Daegu, South Korea..
    Ausloos, Floriane
    Univ Liege, Dept Gastroenterol, Liege, Belgium..
    Ausloos, Marcel
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania.;Univ Leicester, Sch Business, Leicester, Leics, England..
    Avila-Burgos, Leticia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
    Benin Clin Res Inst IRCB, Epidemiol & Clin Res, Abomey Calavi, Benin.;Fdn Sci Res FORS, Epidemiol & Clin Res, Cotonou, Benin..
    Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
    La Trobe Univ, Judith Lumley Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Ayano, Getinet
    Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Ayanore, Martin Amogre
    Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Planning & Management, Ho, Ghana..
    Aynalem, Getie Lake
    Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Midwifery, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Aynalem, Yared Asmare
    Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Nursing, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia..
    Ayza, Muluken Altaye
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Azari, Samad
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Azarian, Ghasem
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Hamadan, Iran..
    Azene, Zelalem Nigussie
    Univ Gondar, Dept Reprod Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Azhar, Gulrez
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Azzopardi, Peter S.
    Burnet Inst, Global Adolescent Hlth Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Wardliparingga Aboriginal Res Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Darshan, B. B.
    Babaee, Ebrahim
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Badawi, Alaa
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Badiye, Ashish D.
    Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba
    Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Tehran, Iran..
    Bagli, Eleni
    Univ Hosp Ioannina, Dept Ophthalmol, Ioannina, Greece.;Fdn Res Technol, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Ioannina, Greece..
    Bahrami, Mohammad Amin
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Healthcare Management & Educ, Shiraz, Iran..
    Baig, Atif Amin
    Sultan Zainal Abidin Univ, Biochem Unit, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia..
    Bairwa, Mohan
    All India Inst Med Sci, Ctr Community Med, New Delhi, India..
    Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein
    Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Anesthesiol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Bakhtiari, Ahad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran..
    Bakkannavar, Shankar M.
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India..
    Balachandran, Arun
    Univ Groningen, Dept Demog, Groningen, Netherlands.;Inst Social & Econ Change, Populat Res Ctr, Bengaluru, India..
    Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar
    Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Balalla, Shivanthi
    Auckland Univ Technol, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Balassyano, Shelly
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Baldasseroni, Alberto
    Local Hlth Author Florence, Dept Epidemiol, Florence, Italy..
    Ball, Kylie
    Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia..
    Ballew, Shoshana H.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Balzi, Daniela
    USL Tuscany Ctr, Dept Prevent, Florence, Italy..
    Banach, Maciej
    Med Univ Lodz, Dept Hypertens, Lodz, Poland.;Polish Mothers Mem Hosp Res Inst, Lodz, Poland..
    Banerjee, Srikanta K.
    Walden Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA..
    Banik, Palash Chandra
    Bangladesh Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Bannick, Marlena S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bante, Agegnehu Bante
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Nursing, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Bante, Simachew Animen
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Midwifery, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher
    Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Barboza, Miguel A.
    Costa Rican Dept Social Secur, Dept Neurosci, San Jose, Costa Rica.;Univ Costa Rica, Sch Med, San Pedro, Costa Rica..
    Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
    Univ Auckland, Sch Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Barnighausen, Till Winfried
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Barrero, Lope H.
    Pontifical Javeriana Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia..
    Barthelemy, Celine M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Barua, Lingkan
    Bangladesh Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Barzegar, Akbar
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Occupat Hlth Engn, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Basaleem, Huda
    Aden Coll, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Aden, Yemen.;Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Bassat, Quique
    Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain.;Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona, Spain..
    Basu, Sanjay
    Harvard Univ, Ctr Primary Care, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Baune, Bernhard T.
    Univ Munster, Dept Psychiat, Munster, Germany.;Melbourne Med Sch, Dept Psychiat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Bayati, Mohsen
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Hlth Human Resources Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran..
    Baye, Bayisa Abdissa
    Ambo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ambo, Ethiopia..
    Bazmandegan, Gholamreza
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Unit, Rafsanjan, Iran.;Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Internal Med, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Becker, Jacob S.
    Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA..
    Bedi, Neeraj
    Jazan Univ, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.;Gandhi Med Coll Bhopal, Dept Community Med, Bhopal, India..
    Beghi, Ettore
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, Italy..
    Behzadifar, Masoud
    Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Khorramabad, Iran..
    Bejot, Yannick
    Univ Hosp Dijon, Dept Neurol, Dijon, France.;Univ Burgundy, Dijon Stroke Registry UFR Sci Sante, Dijon, France..
    Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye
    Wollega Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Nekemte, Ethiopia..
    Bell, Michelle L.
    Yale Univ, Sch Environm, New Haven, CT USA..
    Bello, Aminu K.
    Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada..
    Bender, Rose G.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England..
    Bennitt, Fiona B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bensenor, Isabela M.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Benziger, Catherine P.
    Essentia Hlth, Heart & Vasc Ctr, Duluth, MN USA..
    Berhe, Kidanemaryam
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Berman, Adam E.
    Augusta Univ, Med Coll Georgia, Dept Med, Augusta, GA USA..
    Bernabe, Eduardo
    Kings Coll London, Fac Dent Oral & Craniofacial Sci, London, England..
    Bernstein, Robert S.
    Emory Univ, Hubert Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Bertolacci, Gregory J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
    United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Internal Med, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.;Charles Univ Prague, Dept Social & Clin Pharm, Prague, Czech Republic..
    Bhageerathy, Reshmi
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Informat Management, Mangalore, India.;Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Mangalore, India..
    Bhala, Neeraj
    Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Inst Appl Hlth Res, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.;Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Inst Translat Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.;Univ Birmingham, Inst Appl Hlth Res, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Bhandari, Dinesh
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Tribhuvan Univ, Publ Hlth Res Lab, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India..
    Bhat, Anusha Ganapati
    Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Springfield, MA USA..
    Bhattacharyya, Krittika
    Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India.;Univ Calcutta, Dept Stat, Kolkata, India..
    Bhattarai, Suraj
    Global Inst Interdisciplinary Studies, Dept Global Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
    Univ Toronto, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Bibi, Sadia
    Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan..
    Biehl, Molly H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Bijani, Ali
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran..
    Bikbov, Boris
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy..
    Bilano, Ver
    Creativ Ceut, Hlth Econ & Outcomes Res, London, England..
    Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat
    Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Univ Dhaka, Dept Clin Pharm & Pharmacol, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Biondi, Antonio
    Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg Specialties, Catania, Italy..
    Birihane, Binyam Minuye
    Ethiopian Publ Hlth Inst, Adis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Debre Tabor Univ, Dept Nursing, Debretabor, Ethiopia..
    Bisanzio, Donal
    Res Triangle Inst Int, Global Hlth Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.;Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Nottingham, England..
    Bisignano, Catherine
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Biswas, Raaj Kishore
    Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety TARS Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Bitew, Helen
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Bjorge, Tone
    Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway.;Canc Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway..
    Bockarie, Moses John
    European & Developing Countries Clin Trials Partn, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Bohlouli, Somayeh
    Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Vet Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Bohluli, Mehdi
    Inst Adv Studies Basic Sci, Dept Comp Sci & Informat Technol, Zanjan, Iran.;Petanux Res GmBH, Dept Res & Innovat, Bonn, Germany..
    Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Bolla, Srinivasa Rao
    Nazarbayev Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Nur Sultan City, Kazakhstan..
    Boloor, Archith
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Internal Med, Mangalore, India..
    Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Borges, Guilherme
    Ramon de la Fuente Muniz Natl Inst Psychiat, Dept Epidemiol & Psychosocial Res, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Borzi, Antonio Maria
    Univ Catania, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Catania, Italy..
    Borzouei, Shiva
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Endocrinol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Bose, Dipan
    World Bank, Transport Global Practice, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA..
    Bosetti, Cristina
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Oncol, Milan, Italy..
    Boufous, Soufiane
    Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety TARS Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Bourne, Rupert
    Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Eye Res Unit, Cambridge, England..
    Brady, Oliver J.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Braithwaite, Dejana
    Georgetown Univ, Div Hematol & Oncol, Washington, DC USA..
    Brauer, Michael
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Brayne, Carol
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England..
    Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.
    Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Ohio State Univ, Psychiat & Behav Hlth Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Breitner, Susanne
    Ludwig Maximilian Univ Munich, Inst Med Informat Proc Biometry & Epidemiol, Munich, Germany.;German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany..
    Brenner, Hermann
    German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Breusov, Alexey V.
    RUDN Univ, Inst Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Briant, Paul Svitil
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Briggs, Andrew M.
    Curtin Univ, Sch Physiotherapy & Exercise Sci, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich
    Bauman Moscow State Tech Univ, Dept Biomed Technol, Moscow, Russia..
    Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Britton, Gabrielle B.
    Inst Sci Res & High Technol Serv, Neurosci Unit, Panama City, Panama.;Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama..
    Brugha, Traolach
    Univ Leicester, Dept Hlth Sci, Leicester, Leics, England..
    Bryazka, Dana
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Buchbinder, Rachelle
    Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Cabrini Inst, Cabrini Hosp, Monash Dept Clin Epidemiol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Bumgarner, Blair R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Burkart, Katrin
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Burnett, Richard Thomas
    Hlth Canada, Populat Studies Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina
    Employee State Insurance Post Grad Inst Med Sci &, Dept Community Med, Bengalore, India..
    Busse, Reinhard
    Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany..
    Butt, Zahid A.
    Univ Waterloo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Syst, Waterloo, ON, Canada.;Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Al Shifa Sch Publ Hlth, Rawalpindi, Pakistan..
    Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
    Fed Polytech Sch Lausanne, Inst Microengn, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Cahill, Leah E.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Dalhousie Univ, Dept Med, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
    Peruvian Univ Cayetano Heredia, Sch Publ Hlth & Adm, Lima, Peru..
    Cai, Tianji
    Univ Macau, Dept Sociol, Macau, Peoples R China..
    Callender, Charlton S. K. H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Camera, Luis Alberto
    Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Dept Internal Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.;Argentine Soc Med, Board Directors, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth & Nutr Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.;Univ Valley Cuernavaca, Sch Med, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Cao, Jackie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Car, Josip
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Nanyang Technol Univ, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Singapore, Singapore..
    Cardenas, Rosario
    Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Hlth Care, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Carreras, Giulia
    Inst Canc Res Prevent & Clin Network, Florence, Italy..
    Carrero, Juan J.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Carvalho, Felix
    Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal..
    Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
    Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia.;Univ Nacl Colombia, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia..
    Castelpietra, Giulio
    Univ Udine, Dept Med, Udine, Italy.;Healthcare Agcy Friuli Occidentale, Dept Mental Hlth, Pordenone, Italy..
    Castle, Chris D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Castro, Emma
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Castro, Franz
    Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama..
    Catala-Lopez, Ferran
    Inst Hlth Carlos III, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain.;Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Causey, Kate
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cederroth, Christopher R.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Univ Nottingham, Natl Inst Hlth Res Nottingham Biomed Res Ctr, Nottingham, England..
    Cercy, Kelly M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cerin, Ester
    Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Hong Kong, Sch Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Chalek, Julian
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Chandan, Joht Singh
    Univ Birmingham, Inst Appl Hlth Res, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Chang, Alex R.
    Geisinger Hlth Syst, Kidney Hlth Res Inst, Danville, PA USA..
    Chang, Angela Y.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Chang, Jung-Chen
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Taipei, Taiwan.;Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Chang, Kai-Lan
    Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.;NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA..
    Charan, Jaykaran
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India..
    Charlson, Fiona J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Chattu, Vijay Kumar
    Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Chaturvedi, Sarika
    DY Patil Univ, Res Dept, Pune, Maharashtra, India..
    Cherbuin, Nicolas
    Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel
    Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Inst Ind Ecol Sci, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan..
    Chin, Ken Lee
    Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Med Sch, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo
    Cayetano Heredia Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Adm & Social Sci, Lima, Peru..
    Cho, Daniel Youngwhan
    Univ Washington, Div Plast Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine
    Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Biomed Informat, Seoul, South Korea..
    Christensen, Hanne
    Univ Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Chu, Dinh-Toi
    Hanoi Natl Univ Educ, Fac Biol, Hanoi, Vietnam..
    Chung, Michael T.
    Wayne State Univ, Dept Otolaryngol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA..
    Chung, Sheng-Chia
    UCL, Dept Hlth Informat, London, England.;Hlth Data Res UK, London, England..
    Cicuttini, Flavia M.
    Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Univ South Australia, Sch Pharm & Med Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Cirillo, Massimo
    Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Naples, Italy..
    Cislaghi, Beniamino
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England..
    Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne
    North Rhine Westphalia NRW Ctr Hlth, Dept Key Quest & Int Cooperat, Bochum, Germany.;Bielefeld Univ, Bielefeld Sch Publ Hlth, Bielefeld, Germany..
    Cohen, Aaron J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA..
    Collins, Emma L.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England..
    Comfort, Haley
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Compton, Kelly
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Conti, Sara
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, Italy..
    Cooper, Owen R.
    Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.;NOAA, Chem Sci Lab, Boulder, CO USA..
    Corso, Barbara
    CNR, Inst Neurosci, Padua, Italy..
    Cortesi, Paolo Angelo
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, Italy..
    Costa, Vera Marisa
    Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal..
    Cousin, Ewerton
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Cowden, Richard G.
    Univ Free State, Dept Psychol, Park West, South Africa..
    Cowie, Benjamin C.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, WHO Collaborating Ctr Viral Hepatitis, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Cromwell, Elizabeth A.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Croneberger, Andrew J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cross, Di H.
    NIH, Off Director, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Cross, Marita
    Univ Sydney, Fac Med & Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Crowe, Christopher Stephen
    Univ Washington, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cruz, Jessica A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Cummins, Steven
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth Environm & Soc, London, England..
    Cunningham, Matthew
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Dahlawi, Saad M. A.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Dai, Haijiang
    Cent South Univ, Dept Cardiol, Changsha, Peoples R China.;York Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Dai, Hancheng
    Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura
    Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Fac Med, Maputo, Mozambique..
    Damiani, Giovanni
    Univ Milan, IRCCS Ist Ortoped Galeazzi, Dermatol Clin, Milan, Italy.;Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    D'Amico, Emanuele
    Univ Catania, Dept GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy..
    Dandona, Lalit
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India..
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India..
    Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Dangel, William James
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Danielsson, Anna-Karin
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Gela, Jiregna Darega
    Ambo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ambo, Ethiopia..
    Dargan, Paul I.
    Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, England.;Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Clin Toxicol, London, England..
    Darwesh, Aso Mohammad
    Univ Human Dev, Dept Informat Technol, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Daryani, Ahmad
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toxoplasmosis Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Das, Jai K.
    Aga Khan Univ, Div Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Das Gupta, Rajat
    Univ South Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.;BRAC Univ, James P Grant Sch Publ Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Das Neves, Jose
    Univ Porto, Inst Res & Innovat Hlth, Porto, Portugal.;Univ Porto, Inst Biomed Engn INEB, Porto, Portugal..
    Dash, Aditya Prasad
    Cent Univ Tami Nadu, Thiruvarur, India..
    Davey, Gail
    Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Infect, Brighton, E Sussex, England.;Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
    Latin Amer Fac Social Sci Mexico, Dept Populat & Dev, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Davis, Adrian C.
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Surg & Canc, London, England.;UCL, Ear Inst, London, England..
    Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania.;Clin Emergency Hosp Sf Pantelimon, Dept Surg, Bucharest, Romania..
    Davletov, Kairat
    Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, Hlth Res Inst, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan..
    De Leo, Diego
    Griffith Univ, Australian Inst Suicide Res & Prevent, Nathan, Qld, Australia..
    De Neve, Jan-Walter
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Dean, Frances E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    DeCleene, Nicole K.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Deen, Amanda
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Degenhardt, Louisa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ New South Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    DeLang, Marissa
    Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA..
    Dellavalle, Robert Paul
    Dept Vet Affairs, Dermatol Serv, St Louis, MO USA.;Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Dermatol, Aurora, CO USA..
    Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam
    Aksum Univ, Sch Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Demsie, Desalegn Getnet
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Pharm, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje
    Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Wachemo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Hossana, Ethiopia..
    Deribe, Kebede
    Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Wellcome Trust Brighton & Sussex Ctr Global Hlth, Brighton, E Sussex, England.;Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Dervenis, Nikolaos
    Royal Liverpool Univ Hosp, St Pauls Eye Unit, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.;Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Ophthalmol, Thessaloniki, Greece..
    Desai, Rupak
    Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Decatur, GA USA..
    Desalew, Assefa
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Dessie, Getenet Ayalew
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Nursing, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Deuba, Keshab
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden.;Save Children, Natl Ctr AIDS & STD Control, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Peradeniya, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka..
    Dhungana, Govinda Prasad
    Far Western Univ, Dept Microbiol, Mahendranagar, Nepal..
    Dianatinasab, Mostafa
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Shiraz, Iran.;Shahroud Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Shahroud, Iran..
    da Silva, Diana Dias
    Univ Porto, Toxicol Lab, Porto, Portugal..
    Diaz, Daniel
    Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.;Autonomous Univ Sinaloa, Fac Vet Med & Zootechn, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico..
    Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Dichgans, Martin
    Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Inst Stroke & Dementia Res, Munich, Germany..
    Didarloo, Alireza
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Orumiyeh, Iran..
    Dingels, Zachary V.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Dippenaar, Ilse N.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Dirac, M. Ashworth
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Swedish Family Med First Hill, Seattle, WA USA..
    Djalalinia, Shirin
    Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Dev Res & Technol Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Do, Hoa Thi
    Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Publ Hlth Nutr, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..
    Dokova, Klara
    Med Univ Varna, Dept Social Med & Hlth Care Org, Varna, Bulgaria..
    Doku, David Teye
    Univ Cape Coast, Dept Populat & Hlth, Cape Coast, Ghana..
    Dolecek, Christiane
    Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England.;Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand..
    Dolgert, Andrew J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Dorostkar, Fariba
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Fac Allied Med, Tehran, Iran..
    Doshi, Chirag P.
    Univ Southern Calif, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA..
    Doshi, Pratik P.
    Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC USA..
    Doshmangir, Leila
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Tabriz, Iran..
    Douiri, Abdel
    Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England..
    Doxey, Matthew C.
    Seattle Indian Hlth Board, Urban Indian Hlth Inst, Seattle, WA USA..
    Doyle, Kerrie E.
    Western Sydney Univ, Sch Med, Sydney, Vic, Australia.;RMIT Univ, Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Driscoll, Tim Robert
    Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Dubljanin, Eleonora
    Univ Belgrade, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Dunachie, Susanna J.
    Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England.;Mahidol Oxford Trop Med Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand..
    Duncan, Bruce B.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Duraes, Andre Rodrigues
    Univ Fed Bahia, Sch Med, Salvador, BA, Brazil.;Escola Bahiana Med & Saude Publ, Dept Internal Med, Salvador, BA, Brazil..
    Eagan, Arielle Wilder
    Harvard Univ, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Tufts Med Ctr, Dept Social Serv, Boston, MA 02111 USA..
    Ebrahimi, Hedyeh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Liver & Pancreaticobilliary Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi
    Florida Int Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Miami, FL 33199 USA..
    Edvardsson, David
    La Trobe Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Umeå Univ, Dept Nursing, Umeå, Sweden..
    Effiong, Andem
    Univ Newcastle, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Newcastle, NSW, Australia..
    Ehrlich, Joshua R.
    Univ Michigan, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.;Univ Michigan, Inst Hlth Care Policy & Innovat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..
    El Nahas, Nevine
    Ain Shams Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    El Sayed, Iman
    Alexandria Univ, Biomed Informat & Med Stat Dept, Alexandria, Egypt..
    Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
    Mansoura Univ, Dept Clin Pathol, Mansoura, Egypt..
    El Tantawi, Maha
    Alexandria Univ, Pediat Dent & Dent Publ Hlth Dept, Alexandria, Egypt..
    Elbarazi, Iffat
    Abu Dhabi Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Khalifa City, U Arab Emirates..
    Elgendy, Islam Y.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Cardiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA..
    Elhabashy, Hala Rashad
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurophysiol, Cairo, Egypt..
    El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I.
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Elsharkawy, Aisha
    Cairo Univ, Endem Med & Hepatogastroentrol Dept, Cairo, Egypt..
    Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.
    Eijkman Inst Mol Biol, Eijkman Oxford Clin Res Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Emamian, Mohammad Hassan
    Shahroud Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Epidemiol Res Ctr, Shahroud, Iran..
    Emmons-Bell, Sophia
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Erskine, Holly E.
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Eshrati, Babak
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Eskandari, Khalil
    Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Chem, Kerman, Iran.;Kerman Univ Med Sci, Pharmaceut Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran..
    Eskandarieh, Sharareh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Esmaeilnejad, Saman
    Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran Med Sci Branch, Kermanshah, Iran.;Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Physiol, Tehran, Iran..
    Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, Iran..
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Esteghamati, Sadaf
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Estep, Kara
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Etemadi, Arash
    NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas
    Hawassa Univ, Unit Med Physiol, Hawassa, Ethiopia..
    Ezekannagha, Oluchi
    Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Fanzo, Jessica
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Adv Int Studies, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Farag, Tamer
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Farahmand, Mohammad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran..
    Faraj, Anwar
    Univ Human Dev, Dept Polit Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Faraon, Emerito Jose A.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines..
    Fareed, Mohammad
    Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Faridnia, Roghiyeh
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Parasitol, Sari, Iran..
    Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa
    Natl Inst Stat, Disseminat Div, Lisbon, Portugal.;Directorate Gen Hlth DGS, Activ Planning & Control Unit, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Farioli, Andrea
    Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy..
    Faris, Pawan Sirwan
    Univ Pavia, Dept Biol & Biotechnol Lazzaro Spallanzani, Pavia, Italy.;Salahaddin Univ Erbil, Dept Biol, Erbil, Iraq..
    Faro, Andre
    Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Psychol, Sao Cristovao, Brazil..
    Faruque, Mithila
    Bangladesh Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Noncommunicable Dis, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Fattahi, Nazir
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Fazaeli, Ali Akbar
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran..
    Fazlzadeh, Mehdi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Tehran, Iran.;Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Ardebil, Iran..
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Feldman, Rachel
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Univ Ottawa, Div Neurol, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Fernandes, Eduarda
    Univ Porto, Associated Lab Green Chem LAQV, Porto, Portugal..
    Ferrara, Giannina
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ferrara, Pietro
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Res Ctr Publ Hlth, Monza, Italy..
    Ferrari, Alize J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Ferreira, Manuela L.
    Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Feyissa, Garumma Tolu
    Jimma Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Behav Sci, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Filip, Irina
    Kaiser Permanente, Dept Psychiat, Fontana, CA USA.;AT Still Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Mesa, AZ USA..
    Fischer, Florian
    Ravensburg Weingarten Univ Appl Sci, Inst Gerontol Hlth Serv & Nursing Res, Weingarten, Germany..
    Fisher, James L.
    Ohio State Univ, James Canc Hosp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Fitzgerald, Ryan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Flohr, Carsten
    Kings Coll London, Unit Populat Based Dermatol Res, London, England..
    Flor, Luisa Sorio
    Sergio Arouca Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.;Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
    Foigt, Nataliya A.
    Natl Acad Med Sci Ukraine, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, Ukraine..
    Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
    Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Child Dent Hlth, Ife, Nigeria..
    Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich
    Timiryazev Inst Plant Physiol, Dept Cell Biol & Biotechnol, Moscow, Russia..
    Force, Lisa M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Global Pediat Med, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA..
    Fornari, Carla
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Sch Med & Surg, Monza, Italy..
    Foroutan, Masoud
    Abadan Sch Med Sci, Abadan Fac Med Sci, Abadan, Iran..
    Fox, Jack T.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Francis, Joel Msafiri
    Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Family Med & Primary Care, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Frank, Tahvi D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Franklin, Richard Charles
    James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Douglas, Qld, Australia..
    Freitas, Marisa
    Univ Porto, Associated Lab Green Chem LAQV, Porto, Portugal..
    Fu, Weijia
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fukumoto, Takeshi
    Kobe Univ, Dept Dermatol, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan..
    Fukutaki, Kai
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fuller, John E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Fullman, Nancy
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Furtado, Joao M.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Div Ophthalmol, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Gad, Mohamed M.
    Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.;Cleveland Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
    Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India..
    Gakidou, Emmanuela
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Galles, Natalie C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gallus, Silvano
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy..
    Gamkrelidze, Amiran
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia..
    Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
    Manh Hlth Res Ctr CISM, Dept TB, Manhica, Mozambique.;Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Viral & Bacterial Infect Res Program, Barcelona, Spain..
    Gardner, William M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle
    Madda Walabu Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Bale Robe, Ethiopia..
    Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen
    Haramaya Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork
    Addis Ababa Univ, Dept Nursing & Midwifery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Nursing, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Aksum Univ, Dept Nursing, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Gebremeskel, Leake G.
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Aksum Univ, Sch Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku
    Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Pharm, Gondar, Ethiopia.;Newcastle Univ, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
    Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Geremew, Abraham
    Haramaya Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Hayoon, Anna Gershberg
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gesesew, Hailay Abrha
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Med & Publ Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Gething, Peter W.
    Curtin Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia.;Telethon Kids Inst, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Gezae, Kebede Embaye
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Biostat, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Ghadimi, Maryam
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Ghadiri, Keyghobad
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Infect Dis Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh
    Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Parasitol & Entomol, Tehran, Iran..
    Ghafourifard, Mansour
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Surg Nursing, Tabriz, Iran..
    Ghajar, Alireza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Ghamari, Farhad
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Occupat Hlth, Arak, Iran..
    Ghashghaee, Ahmad
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Tehran, Iran..
    Ghiasvand, Hesam
    Univ Exeter, Inst Hlth Res, Exeter, Devon, England..
    Ghith, Nermin
    Tech Univ Denmark, Res Grp Genom Epidemiol, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Gholamian, Asadollah
    Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Biol, Kermanshah, Iran.;Islamic Azad Univ, Young Researchers & Elite Club, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Ghosh, Rakesh
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Giampaoli, Simona
    Italian Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Cardiovasc Endocrine Metab Dis & Aging, Rome, Italy..
    Gilani, Syed Amir
    Univ Lahore, Fac Allied Hlth Sci, Lahore, Pakistan.;Afro Asian Inst, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Gill, Paramjit Singh
    Univ Warwick, Sch Med, Coventry, W Midlands, England..
    Gill, Tiffany K.
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Gillum, Richard F.
    Howard Univ, Dept Community & Family Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA.;Howard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA..
    Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed
    Minist Hlth, Family Med Res Ctr, Hail, Saudi Arabia..
    Ginindza, Themba G.
    Univ KwaZulu Natal, Discipline Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa..
    Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Giussani, Giorgia
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Lab Neurol Disorders, Milan, Italy..
    Glagn, Mustefa
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Gnedovskaya, Elena V.
    Res Ctr Neurol, Dept Neurol 3, Moscow, Russia..
    Godinho, Myron Anthony
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Goharinezhad, Salime
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Golechha, Mahaveer
    Indian Inst Publ Hlth Gandhinagar, Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India..
    Goli, Srinivas
    Jawahar Lal Nehru Univ, Ctr Studies Reg Dev CSRD, New Delhi, India.;Univ Western Australia, Publ Policy Inst, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Gomez, Ricardo Santiago
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Oral Surg & Pathol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Gona, Philimon N.
    Univ Massachusetts Boston, Dept Exercise & Hlth Sci, Boston, MA USA..
    Gopalani, Sameer Vali
    Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Hudson Coll Publ Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA.;Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia..
    Goren, Emily
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gorini, Giuseppe
    Inst Canc Res Prevent & Clin Network, Oncol Network Prevent & Res Inst, Florence, Italy..
    Gorman, Taren M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gottlich, Harrison Chase
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Goudarzi, Houman
    Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Environm & Hlth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.;Hokkaido Univ, Dept Resp Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan..
    Goudarzian, Amir Hossein
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Fac Nursing & Midwifery, Sari, Iran..
    Goulart, Alessandra C.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil.;Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Grada, Ayman
    Boston Univ, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Greaves, Felix
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Publ Hlth England, Hlth Improvement Directorate, London, England..
    Grivna, Michal
    United Arab Emirates Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.;Charles Univ Prague, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Prague, Czech Republic..
    Grosso, Giuseppe
    Univ Catania, Dept Biomed & Biotechnol Sci, Catania, Italy..
    Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
    Univ Sulaimani, Dept Family & Community Med, Sulaimani, Iraq..
    Gudi, Nachiket
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Hlth Policy, Mangalore, India..
    Gugnani, Harish Chander
    St James Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, The Valley, Anguilla.;St James Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, The Valley, Anguilla..
    Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena
    Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Sch Dent, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil..
    Guimaraes, Rafael Alves
    Univ Fed Goias, Inst Trop Pathol & Publ Hlth IPTSP, Goiania, Go, Brazil..
    Guled, Rashid Abdi
    Jigjiga Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Gultie, Teklemariam
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Midwifery, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Guo, Gaorui
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Guo, Yuming
    Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Binzhou Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Yantai, Peoples R China. Mahatma Gandhi Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Sevagram, India..
    Gupta, Rahul
    Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.;March Dimes, Med Resources, Arlington, VA USA..
    Gupta, Rajeev
    Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci, Dept Med, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.;West Virginia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Policy Management & Leadership, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA..
    Sharan, Subodh
    Gupta, Tarun
    Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Haagsma, Juanita A.
    Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Hachinski, Vladimir
    Univ Western Ontario, Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, Canada.;Lawson Hlth Res Inst, London, ON, Canada..
    Haddock, Beatrix
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Med, Tehran, Iran.;Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Hafiz, Abdul
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Epidemiol Programme, London, England.;Umm AL Qura Univ, Coll Med, Mecca, Saudi Arabia..
    Hagins, Hailey
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Haile, Lydia M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher
    Aksum Univ, Dept Nursing, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Obes Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tehran, Iran.;Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Haj-Mirzaian, Arya
    Hall, Brian J.
    Univ Macau, Dept Psychol, Macau, Peoples R China..
    Halvaei, Iman
    Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Anat Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Hamadeh, Randah R.
    Arabian Gulf Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Manama, Bahrain..
    Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib
    Univ Human Dev, Coll Law & Polit Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Hameed, Sajid
    Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Hamidi, Samer
    Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Sch Hlth & Environm Studies, Dubai, U Arab Emirates..
    Hamilton, Erin B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hammer, Melanie S.
    Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.;Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Han, Chieh
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Han, Hannah
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes
    Wachemo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Hossana, Ethiopia..
    Hanif, Asif
    Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Hankey, Graeme J.
    Univ Western Australia, Sch Med, Perth, WA, Australia.;Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Dept Neurol, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Haririan, Hamidreza
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Tabriz, Iran..
    Haro, Josep Maria
    Univ Barcelona, Res Unit, Barcelona, Spain.;Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Barcelona, Spain..
    Harvey, James D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hasaballah, Ahmed I.
    Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Hasan, Md Mehedi
    Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Children & Families Life Cours, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Univ Queensland, Social Sci Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Hasanpoor, Edris
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Healthcare Management, Maragheh, Iran..
    Hasanzadeh, Amir
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Tehran, Iran.;Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Maragheh, Iran..
    Hashemian, Maryam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Utica Coll, Dept Biol, Utica, NY 13502 USA..
    Hashi, Abdiwahab
    Jigjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Hassan, Amr
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Hassan, Shoaib
    Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth CIH, Bergen, Norway.;Univ Bergen, Bergen Ctr Eth & Prior Setting BCEPS, Bergen, Norway..
    Hassanipour, Soheil
    Guilan Univ Med Sci, Caspian Digest Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran.;Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran..
    Hassankhani, Hadi
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran..
    Havmoeller, Rasmus J.
    Skaane Cty Council, Skaane Univ Hosp, Malmö, Sweden..
    Hay, Roderick J.
    Kings Coll London, St Johns Inst Dermatol, London, England.;Int Fdn Dermatol, London, England..
    Hay, Simon I.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hayat, Khezar
    Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan.;Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Pharm Adm & Clin Pharm, Xian, Peoples R China..
    Heibati, Behzad
    Univ Oulu, Ctr Environm & Resp Hlth Res, Oulu, Finland..
    Heidari, Behnam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Heidari, Golnaz
    Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran, Iran..
    Hendrie, Delia
    Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Henny, Kiana
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Henok, Andualem
    Mizan Tepi Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia..
    Henrikson, Hannah J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Henry, Nathaniel J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Herbert, Molly E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Herteliu, Claudiu
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania.;London South Bank Univ, Sch Business, London, England..
    Heydarpour, Fatemeh
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Med Biol Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Hird, Thomas R.
    Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath, Avon, England..
    Ho, Hung Chak
    Univ Hong Kong, Dept Urban Planning & Design, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Hoek, Hans W.
    Univ Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands.;Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA..
    Hole, Michael K.
    Univ Texas Austin, Dept Pediat, Austin, TX 78712 USA..
    Holla, Ramesh
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Kasturba Med Coll, Mangalore, India..
    Hollingsworth, Bruce
    Univ Lancaster, Dept Hlth Econ, Lancaster, Lancs, England..
    Hoogar, Praveen
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Ctr Bio Cultural Studies CBiCS, Mangalore, India..
    Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury
    Operat Smile, Metr & Evaluat, Virginia Beach, VA USA..
    Horita, Nobuyuki
    NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.;Yokohama City Univ, Dept Pulmonol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan..
    Hosgood, H. Dean
    Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA..
    Hossain, Naznin
    Bangladesh Ind Gases Ltd, Dept Pharmacol, Tangail, Bangladesh..
    Hosseini, Mostafa
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Pediat Chron Kidney Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
    Univ Human Dev, Dept Comp Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Hostiuc, Mihaela
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Internal Med, Bucharest, Romania..
    Hostiuc, Sorin
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Legal Med & Bioeth, Bucharest, Romania.;Natl Inst Legal Med Mina Minovici, Clin Legal Med Dept, Bucharest, Romania..
    Househ, Mowafa
    Hamad Bin Khalifa Univ, Div Informat & Comp Technol, Doha, Qatar..
    Hoy, Damian G.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Hsairi, Mohamed
    Univ Tunis El Manar, Fac Med Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Hsiao, Thomas
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong
    China Med Univ, Dept Hlth Serv Adm, Taichung, Taiwan..
    Hu, Guoqing
    Cent South Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Peoples R China..
    Hu, Kejia
    Zhejiang Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Hangzhou, Peoples R China..
    Huda, Tanvir M.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Hugo, Fernando N.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Prevent & Social Dent, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Humayun, Ayesha
    Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Hussain, Rabia
    Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, George Town, Malaysia..
    Huynh, Chantal K.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hwang, Bing-Fang
    Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England.;China Med Univ, Dept Occupat Safety & Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan..
    Iannucci, Vincent C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Iavicoli, Ivo
    Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Naples, Italy..
    Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu
    African Field Epidemiol Network, Nigerian Field Epidemiol & Lab Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria.;Minist Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Dis Control, Umuahia, Nigeria.;Duke Kunshan Univ, Global Hlth Res Ctr, Kunshan, Peoples R China..
    Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
    Univ Ibadan, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Ikeda, Nayu
    Natl Inst Biomed Innovat Hlth & Nutr, Int Ctr Nutr & Informat, Tokyo, Japan..
    Ikuta, Kevin S.
    Univ Washington, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
    Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Univ Ibadan, Dept Community Med, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Ilic, Irena M.
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Ilic, Milena D.
    Univ Kragujevac, Dept Epidemiol, Kragujevac, Serbia..
    Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan
    Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Khorramabad, Iran..
    Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
    Bangalore Baptist Hosp, Div Community Hlth & Family Med, Bangalore, Karnataka, India..
    Ippolito, Helen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Iqbal, Usman
    Taipei Med Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Islam, M. Mofizul
    Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Biomed Informat, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Islam, MdMohaimenul
    La Trobe Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
    Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Islami, Farhad
    Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA..
    Iso, Hiroyasu
    Osaka Univ, Dept Social Med, Suita, Osaka, Japan..
    Ivers, Rebecca Q.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Iwu, Chidozie C. D.
    Univ Ft Hare, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Alice, South Africa..
    Iwu, Chinwe Juliana
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Global Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Ctr Hlth Evaluat & Outcome Sci, Knowledge Translat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Jaafari, Jalil
    Guilan Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Rasht, Iran..
    Jacobsen, Kathryn H.
    George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA..
    Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Tabriz, Iran..
    Jafari, Hussain
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Jafarinia, Morteza
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Esfahan, Iran..
    Jahagirdar, Deepa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Jahani, Mohammad Ali
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran..
    Jahanmehr, Nader
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Safety Promot & Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Management & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran..
    Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, NA Semashko Dept Publ Hlth & Healthcare, Moscow, Russia.;Univ Kragujevac, Dept Global Hlth Econ & Policy, Kragujevac, Serbia..
    Jalali, Amir
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Hlth Inst, Kermanshah, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Subst Abuse Prevent Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Jalilian, Farzad
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    James, Spencer L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Janjani, Hosna
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Tehran, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar
    Javaheri, Tahereh
    Boston Univ, Hlth Informat Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Javidnia, Javad
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Med Mycol, Sari, Iran..
    Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra
    Univ Colombo, Postgrad Inst Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka.;Inst Violence & Injury Prevent, Fac Grad Studies, Colombo, Sri Lanka..
    Jeemon, Panniyammakal
    Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Achutha Menon Ctr Hlth Sci Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, India..
    Jenabi, Ensiyeh
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Autism Spectrum Disorders Res Ctr, Hamadan, Iran..
    Jha, Ravi Prakash
    Baba Saheb Ambedkar Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Community Med, Delhi, India.;Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Community Med, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Jha, Vivekanand
    Univ New South Wales, George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Mangalore, India..
    Ji, John S.
    Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC USA.;Duke Kunshan Univ, Environm Res Ctr, Kunshan, Peoples R China..
    Jia, Peng
    Univ Twente, Dept Earth Observat Sci, Enschede, Netherlands..
    Johansson, Lars
    John, Oommen
    Univ New South Wales, Dept Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Renal & Cardiovasc Div, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    John-Akinola, Yetunde O.
    Univ Ibadan, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Johnson, Catherine Owens
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Johnson, Sarah Charlotte
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany.;Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Joo, Tamas
    Semmelweis Univ, Hlth Serv Management Training Ctr, Budapest, Hungary..
    Joshi, Ankur
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Bhopal, India..
    Joukar, Farahnaz
    Guilan Univ Med Sci, Caspian Digest Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran.;Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran..
    Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
    Univ Opole, Dept Family Med & Publ Hlth, Opole, Poland..
    Jurisson, Mikk
    Univ Tartu, Inst Family Med & Publ Hlth, Tartu, Estonia..
    Kabir, Ali
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Minimally Invas Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Kabir, Zubair
    Univ Coll Cork, Sch Publ Hlth, Cork, Ireland..
    Kalani, Hamed
    Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Golestan Univ Med Sci, Infect Dis Res Ctr, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran..
    Kalani, Rizwan
    Kalankesh, Leila R.
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Kalhor, Rohollah
    Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Dept, Qazvin, Iran.;Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Inst Prevent Noncommunicable Dis, Qazvin, Iran..
    Kamath, Aruna M.
    Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kamiab, Zahra
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Unit, Rafsanjan, Iran.;Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Family Med, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Kanchan, Tanuj
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India..
    Kapoor, Neeti
    Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Matin, Behzad Karami
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Karanikolos, Marina
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Hlth Serv Res & Policy, London, England.;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, European Observ Hlth Syst & Policies, London, England..
    Karch, Andre
    Univ Munster, Inst Epidemiol & Social Med, Munster, Germany..
    Karim, Mohd Anisul
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England.;Ctr Therapeut Target Validat, Cambridge, England..
    Karimi, Salah Eddin
    Karimi, Seyed Asaad
    Karimi, Seyed M.
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran.;Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Neurosci, Hamadan, Iran.;Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Physiol, Hamadan, Iran.;Univ Louisville, Dept Hlth Management & Syst Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.;Louisville Metro Dept Publ Hlth & Wellness, Ctr Hlth Equ, Louisville, KY USA..
    Kasa, Ayele Semachew
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Adult Hlth Nursing, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Kassa, Getachew Mullu
    Debre Markos Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Kassebaum, Nicholas J.
    Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
    Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland..
    Kawakami, Norito
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Mental Hlth, Tokyo, Japan..
    Kayode, Gbenga A.
    Inst Human Virol Nigeria, Int Res Ctr Excellence, Abuja, Nigeria.;Univ Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Karyani, Ali Kazemi
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Keddie, Suzanne H.
    Univ Oxford, Big Data Inst, Oxford, England..
    Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
    Univ Nairobi, Open Distance & eLearning Campus, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Keller, Cathleen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kemmer, Laura
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kendrick, Parkes J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kereselidze, Maia
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia..
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Irbid, Jordan..
    Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif
    Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ahwaz, Iran..
    Khalid, Nauman
    Univ Management & Technol, Sch Food & Agr Sci, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Khammarnia, Mohammad
    Zahedan Univ Med Sci, Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Zahedan, Iran..
    Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
    Hlth Serv Acad, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Khan, Gulfaraz
    United Arab Emirates Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates..
    Khan, Maseer
    Jazan Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Jazan, Saudi Arabia..
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea.;Seoul Natl Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea..
    Khatab, Khaled
    Sheffield Hallam Univ, Fac Hlth & Wellbeing, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.;Ohio Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Zanesville, OH USA..
    Khater, Amir M.
    Cairo Univ, Natl Hepatol & Trop Med Res Inst, Cairo, Egypt..
    Khater, Mona M.
    Cairo Univ, Dept Med Parasitol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli
    Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Global Evidence Synth Initiat, Wardha, India..
    Khayamzadeh, Maryam
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran.;Iranian Acad Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Khazaei, Salman
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Khazaie, Habibolah
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Tabriz, Iran.;Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, Iran..
    Khoja, Abdullah T.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.;Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Ball State Univ, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA..
    Khundkar, Roba
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Surg Sci, Oxford, England..
    Kianipour, Neda
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Kieling, Christian
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Psychiat, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.;Clin Hosp, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Kim, Cho-Il
    Korea Hlth Ind Dev Inst, Cheongju, South Korea..
    Kim, Daniel
    Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kim, Young-Eun
    Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Kim, Yun Jin
    Xiamen Univ Malaysia, Sch Tradit Chinese Med, Sepang, Malaysia..
    Kimokoti, Ruth W.
    Simmons Univ, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA USA..
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Univ Canberra, Fac Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Qatar Univ, Coll Med, Doha, Qatar..
    Kisa, Adnan
    Kristiania Univ Coll, Sch Hlth Sci, Oslo, Norway.;Tulane Univ, Global Community Hlth & Behav Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA..
    Kisa, Sezer
    Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway..
    Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna
    Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Econ & Social Secur, Krakow, Poland..
    Kissoon, Niranjan
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Kivimaki, Mika
    UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Kneib, Cameron J.
    Univ Washington, Div Plast Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Knibbs, Luke D.
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Knight, Megan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Bergen, Norway..
    Kocarnik, Jonathan M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1124 Columbia St, Seattle, WA 98104 USA..
    Kochhar, Sonali
    Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India..
    Koh, David S. Q.
    Natl Univ Singapore, Saw Swee Hock Sch Publ Hlth, Singapore, Singapore.;Inst Hlth Sci, Gadong, Brunei..
    Kohler, Stefan
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Kolola, Tufa
    Ambo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ambo, Ethiopia..
    Komaki, Hamidreza
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Neurophysiol Res Ctr, Hamadan, Iran.;Inst Res Fundamental Sci, Brain Engn Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Kopec, Jacek A.
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Arthrit Res Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada..
    Korotkova, Anna V.
    Minist Hlth FRIHOI, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia..
    Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Kotlo, Anirudh
    Vancouver Virol Ctr, Dept Global Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Koul, Parvaiz A.
    Sheri Kashmir Inst Med Sci, Dept Internal & Pulm Med, Srinagar, India..
    Koyanagi, Ai
    Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.;Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network CIB, San Juan Dios Sanitary Pk, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain..
    Kraemer, Moritz U. G.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England..
    Kravchenko, Michael A.
    Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia..
    Krishan, Kewal
    Panjab Univ, Dept Anthropol, Chandigarh, India. Govt Med Coll Thrissur, Dept Psychiat, Trichur, India. Kerala Univ Hlth Scinces, Trichur, India..
    Krohn, Kris J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Kromhout, Hans
    Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci IRAS, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Shaji, K. S.
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Univ Montreal, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Bicer, Burcu Kucuk
    Gazi Univ, Dept Med Educ & Informat, Ankara, Turkey..
    Kugbey, Nuworza
    Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Ho, Ghana..
    Kulkarni, Vaman
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India..
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Kumar, Manasi
    UCL, Div Psychol & Language Sci, London, England.;Univ Nairobi, Dept Psychiat, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Kumar, Nithin
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India..
    Kumar, Pushpendra
    Kumar, Vivek
    Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kumaresh, Girikumar
    Indian Inst Technol, Mech & Ind Engn, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Kurmi, Om P.
    McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;Univ Birmingham, Inst Occupat & Environm Med, Birmingham, W Midlands, England..
    Kusuma, Dian
    Imperial Coll London, Imperial Coll Business Sch, London, England.;Univ Indonesia, Fac Publ Hlth, Depok, Indonesia..
    Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    La Vecchia, Carlo
    Univ Milan, Dept Clin Sci & Community Hlth, Milan, Italy..
    Lacey, Ben
    Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India..
    Lalloo, Ratilal
    Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Lallukka, Tea
    Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Lam, Jennifer O.
    Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Fontana, CA USA..
    Lami, Faris Hasan
    Univ Baghdad, Dept Community & Family Med, Baghdad, Iraq..
    Lan, Qing
    NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Landires, Ivan
    Inst Med Sci, Unit Genet & Publ Hlth, Las Tablas, Panama.;Minist Hlth, Herrera, Panama..
    Lang, Justin J.
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Surveillance & Appl Res, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Langan, Sinead M.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London, England.;Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, St Johns Inst Dermatol, London, England..
    Lansingh, Van Charles
    HelpMeSee, New York, NY USA.;Mexican Inst Ophthalmol, Queretaro, Mexico..
    Lansky, Sonia
    Municipal Hlth Dept Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte City Hall, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Larson, Heidi Jane
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Larson, Samantha Leigh
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem & Pharmacol, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Lasrado, Savita
    Father Muller Med Coll, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, Mangalore, India..
    Lassi, Zohra S.
    Univ Adelaide, Robinson Res Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lauriola, Paolo
    CNR, Inst Clin Physiol, Padua, Italy..
    Lavados, Pablo M.
    German Clin Santiago, Dept Neurol & Psychiat, Santiago, Chile.;Univ Dev, Fac Med, Santiago, Chile..
    Lazarus, Jeffrey V.
    Leal, Lisiane F.
    McGill Univ, Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Jewish Gen Hosp, Ctr Clin Epidemiol, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Leasher, Janet L.
    Nova Southeastern Univ, Coll Optometry, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA..
    Ledesma, Jorge R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lee, Paul H.
    Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Lee, Shaun Wen Huey
    Monash Univ, Sch Pharm, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Taylors Univ Lakeside Campus, Sch Pharm, Subang Jaya, Malaysia..
    Leever, Andrew T.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    LeGrand, Kate E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Leigh, James
    Univ Sydney, Asbestos Dis Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Leonardi, Matilde
    Carlo Besta Neurol Inst IRCCS, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Milan, Italy..
    Lescinsky, Haley
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Leung, Janni
    Univ Queensland, Ctr Youth Subst Abuse Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Levi, Miriam
    USL Tuscany Ctr, Dept Prevent, Florence, Italy..
    Lewington, Sarah
    Univ Oxford, Med Res Council Populat Hlth Res Unit, Oxford, England.;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England..
    Li, Bingyu
    Shenzhen Univ, Dept Sociol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China..
    Li, Shanshan
    Monash Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Lim, Lee-Ling
    Univ Malaya, Dept Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Med & Therapeut, Shatin, Peoples R China..
    Lin, Christine
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lin, Ro-Ting
    China Med Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan.;Asbestos Dis Res Inst, Concord, NSW, Australia..
    Linehan, Christine
    Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Ctr Disabil Studies, Dublin, Ireland..
    Linn, Shai
    Univ Haifa, Sch Publ Hlth, Haifa, Israel..
    Listl, Stefan
    Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Dentistry Qual & Safety Oral Hlth Care, Nijmegen, Netherlands.;Heidelberg Univ Hosp, Dept Translat Hlth Econ, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Liu, Hung-Chun
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Liu, Shiwei
    Brown Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Providence, RI 02912 USA..
    Liu, Simin
    Liu, Xuefeng
    Univ Michigan, Dept Syst Populat & Leadership, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..
    Liu, Yang
    Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Liu, Zichen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lo, Justin
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lodha, Rakesh
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Paediat, New Delhi, India..
    Logroscino, Giancarlo
    Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dept Basic Med Sci Neurosci & Sense Organs, Bari, Italy.;Fdn Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hosp, Dept Clin Res Neurol, Tricase, Italy..
    Looker, Katharine J.
    Univ Bristol, Populat Hlth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England..
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Lopez, Jaifred Christian F.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Nutr, Manila, Philippines.;Alliance Improving Hlth Outcomes Inc, Quezon City, Philippines..
    Lopukhov, Platon D.
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Lorkowski, Stefan
    Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Nutr Sci, Jena, Germany.;Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth nutriCA, Jena, Germany..
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Lozano, Rafael
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lu, Alton
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Lucas, Tim C. D.
    Univ Oxford, Big Data Inst, Oxford, England..
    Lugo, Alessandra
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Milan, Italy..
    Lunevicius, Raimundas
    Liverpool Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Gen Surg, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.;Univ Liverpool, Dept Surg, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Lyons, Ronan A.
    Swansea Univ, Sch Med, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    Ma, Jianing
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Machado, Daiane Borges
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Global Mental Hlth CGMH, London, England.;Oswald Cruz Fdn FIOCRUZ, Ctr Integrat Data & Hlth Knowledge, Salvador, BA, Brazil..
    MacLachlan, Jennifer H.
    Peter Doherty Inst Infect & Immun, Epidemiol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Madadin, Mohammed
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Pathol, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Maddison, Emilie R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Maddison, Ralph
    Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia..
    Madotto, Fabiana
    IRCCS MultiMed, Value Based Healthcare, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy..
    Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy
    Mansoura Fac Med, Dept Radiol, Mansoura, Egypt..
    Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy
    Minist Hlth Populat, Dept Ophthalmol, Aswan, Egypt..
    Mahasha, Phetole Walter
    South African Med Res Council, Grants Innovat & Product Dev Unit, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi
    Saveh Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Saveh, Iran.;Michigan State Univ, Acad Med Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Mahmoudi, Morteza
    Michigan State Univ, Radiol & Precis Hlth Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA..
    Mai, Hue Thi
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Majeed, Azeem
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Malagon-Rojas, Jeadran N.
    Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Res, Bogota, Colombia.;El Bosque Univ, Fac Med, Bogota, Colombia..
    Maled, Venkatesh
    Rajiv Gandhi Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Forens Med, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.;Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Univ, Dept Forens Med, Dharwad, Karnataka, India..
    Maleki, Afshin
    Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Environm Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Iran..
    Maleki, Shokofeh
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran..
    Malta, Deborah Carvalho
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Mamun, Abdullah A.
    Univ Queensland, Social Sci Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Manafi, Amir
    Univ Virginia, Dept Surg, Charlottesville, VA USA..
    Manafi, Navid
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Ophthalmol, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Manitoba, Dept Ophthalmol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada..
    Manda, Ana Laura
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania.;Emergency Univ Hosp Bucharest, Dept Gen Surg 1, Bucharest, Romania..
    Manguerra, Helena
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz
    Guilan Univ Med Sci, Caspian Digest Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran.;Guilan Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran..
    Mansouri, Borhan
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Subst Abuse Prevent Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran..
    Herrera, Ana M. Mantilla
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Psychiat Epidemiol & Burden Dis Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Mapoma, Chabila Christopher
    Univ Zambia, Dept Populat Studies, Lusaka, Zambia..
    Maravilla, Joemer C.
    Univ Queensland, Social Sci Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Marks, Ashley
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Martin, Randall V.
    Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.;Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO USA..
    Martini, Santi
    Airlangga Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Surabaya, Indonesia.;Indonesian Publ Hlth Assoc, Surabaya, Indonesia..
    Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio
    Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, Brazil..
    Martopullo, Ira
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Masaka, Anthony
    Botho Univ Botswana, Fac Hlth & Educ, Gaborone, Botswana..
    Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Midwifery, Hamadan, Iran..
    Massano, Joao
    Univ Porto, Dept Clin Neurosci & Mental Hlth, Porto, Portugal.;Univ Hosp Ctr Sao Joao, Dept Neurol, Porto, Portugal..
    Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard
    Univ Washington, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mathur, Manu Raj
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Hlth Policy Res, Gurugram, India.;Univ Liverpool, Inst Populat Hlth Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Matsushita, Kunihiro
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Maulik, Pallab K.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Div Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    May, Erin A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mazidi, Mohsen
    Kings Coll London, Dept Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London, England..
    McAlinden, Colm
    Singleton Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    McGrath, John J.
    Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Mckee, Martin
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Hlth Serv Res & Policy, London, England..
    Medina-Solis, Carlo Eduardo
    Autonomous Univ Hidalgo State, Acad Area Dent, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico..
    Meharie, Birhanu Geta
    Wollo Univ, Dept Pharm, Dessie, Ethiopia..
    Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
    Janakpuri Super Specialty Hosp Soc, Dept Neurol, New Delhi, India.;Govind Ballabh Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Neurol, New Delhi, India..
    Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran Heart Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mehri, Fereshteh
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Nutr Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mehrotra, Ravi
    Indian Council Med Res, India Canc Res Consortium, New Delhi, India..
    Mehta, Kala M.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA USA..
    Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Publ Hlth & Mortal Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Mekonnen, Teferi
    Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway..
    Melese, Addisu
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Med Lab Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Memiah, Peter T. N.
    Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA..
    Memish, Ziad A.
    Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;Minist Hlth, Res & Innovat Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Mendoza, Walter
    United Nations Populat Fund UNFPA, Peru Country Off, Lima, Peru..
    Menezes, Ritesh G.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Forens Med Div, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth & Populat Studies, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Mengesha, Meresa Berwo
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Midwifery, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Mensah, George A.
    Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Cape Town, South Africa.;NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Mereke, Alibek
    Asfendiyarov Kazakh Natl Med Univ, Dept Cardiovasc Surg, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan..
    Mereta, Seid Tiku
    Jimma Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci & Technol, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Meretoja, Atte
    Univ Melbourne, Sch Hlth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Neurol Unit, Helsinki, Finland..
    Meretoja, Tuomo J.
    Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland..
    Mestrovic, Tomislav
    Zora Profoz Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia.;Univ North, Univ Ctr Varazdin, Varazhdin, Croatia..
    Miazgowski, Bartosz
    Pomeranian Med Univ, Ctr Innovat Med Educ, Szczecin, Poland.;Pomeranian Med Univ, Szczecin, Poland..
    Miazgowski, Tomasz
    Pomeranian Med Univ, Dept Propedeut Internal Dis & Arterial Hypertens, Szczecin, Poland..
    Michalek, Irmina Maria
    Vaud Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Women Mother Child, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Miller, Ted R.
    Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia.;Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA..
    Mills, Edward J.
    McMaster Univ, Dept Hlth Res Methods Evidence & Impact, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Milne, George J.
    Univ Western Australia, Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Mini, G. K.
    Ananthapuri Hosp & Res Inst, Global Inst Publ Hlth, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.;Womens Inst Social & Hlth Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.;Sabzevar Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Sabzevar, Iran..
    Miri, Mohammad
    Sabzevar Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Sabzevar, Iran..
    Mirica, Andreea
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania..
    Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
    Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Internal Med Programme, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.;Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Dept Atherosclerosis & Coronary Heart Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan..
    Mirzaei, Hamed
    Kashan Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Biochem & Nutr Metab Dis, Kashan, Iran..
    Mirzaei, Maryam
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Rehabil & Sports Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Mirzaei, Roya
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Water Qual Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Comprehens Res Lab, Tehran, Iran..
    Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mitchell, Philip B.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Mithra, Prasanna
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India..
    Moazen, Babak
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany.;Frankfurt Univ Appl Sci, Inst Addict Res ISFF, Frankfurt, Germany..
    Moghadaszadeh, Masoud
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran.;Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Mol Med Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Mohajer, Bahram
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mohamad, Osama
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA USA..
    Mohamadi, Efat
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hlth Equ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mohammad, Dara K.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Stockholm, Sweden.;Salahaddin Univ Erbil, Dept Forestry, Erbil, Iraq..
    Mohammad, Yousef
    King Saud Univ, Dept Internal Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat, Hamadan, Iran..
    Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl
    Qom Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Qom, Iran.;Qom Univ Med Sci, Neurosci Res Ctr, Qom, Iran..
    Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
    Shahrekord Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Shahrekord, Iran..
    Mohammadifard, Noushin
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Inst, Esfahan, Iran..
    Mohammadpourhodki, Reza
    Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Kashmar Ctr Higher Hlth Educ, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran..
    Mohammed, Ammas Siraj
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Pharm, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Mohammed, Hussen
    Dire Dawa Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia..
    Mohammed, Jemal Abdu
    Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia..
    Mohammed, Shafiu
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany.;Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria..
    Mohebi, Farnam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Natl Inst Hlth Res NIHR, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Bandpei, Mohammad A. Mohseni
    Univ Social Welf & Rehabil Sci, Pediat Neurorehabilitat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mokari, Amin
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Nutr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Kings Coll London, Fac Life Sci & Med, London, England..
    Momen, Natalie C.
    Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Monasta, Lorenzo
    Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy..
    Mondello, Stefania
    Messina Univ, Dept Biomed & Dent Sci & Morphofunct Imaging, Messina, Italy..
    Mooney, Meghan D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Moosazadeh, Mahmood
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Moradi, Ghobad
    Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sanandaj, Iran.;Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Iran..
    Moradi, Masoud
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Moradi-Joo, Mohammad
    Iran Hlth Insurance Org, Natl Ctr Hlth Insurance Res, Tehran, Iran..
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Arak, Iran..
    Moraga, Paula
    Univ Bath, Dept Math Sci, Bath, Avon, England..
    Morales, Linda
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Poplulat Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Morawska, Lidia
    Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Velasquez, Ilais Moreno
    Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama..
    Morgado-da-Costa, Joana
    Univ Porto, Hosp Ctr Porto, Porto, Portugal..
    Morrison, Shane Douglas
    Univ Washington, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mosapour, Abbas
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, Babol, Iran.;Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Clin Biochem, Tehran, Iran..
    Mosser, Jonathan F.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mouodi, Simin
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran..
    Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran..
    Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi
    Univ Campinas Unicamp, Dept Food Sci, Campinas, Brazil..
    Mueller, Ulrich Otto
    Ctr Populat & Hlth, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Mukhopadhyay, Satinath
    Seth Sukhlal Karnani Mem Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kolkata, India..
    Mullany, Erin C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mumford, John Everett
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Munro, Sandra B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Muriithi, Moses K.
    Univ Nairobi, Sch Econ, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Musa, Kamarul Imran
    Sci Univ Malaysia, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia..
    Mustafa, Ghulam
    Childrens Hosp & Inst Child Hlth, Dept Pediat Med, Multan, Pakistan.;Inst Mother & Child Care, Dept Pediat & Pediat Pulmonol, Multan, Pakistan..
    Muthupandian, Saravanan
    Mekelle Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Nabavizadeh, Behnam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Urol, Tehran, Iran..
    Nabhan, Ashraf F.
    Ain Shams Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Cairo, Egypt.;Egyptian Ctr Evidence Based Med, Knowledge Translat & Utilizat Unit, Mansoura, Egypt..
    Naderi, Mehdi
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Clin Res Dev Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
    Initiat Financing Hlth & Human Dev, Res & Analyt Dept, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.;Bioinsilico Technol, Dept Res & Analyt, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany..
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Naghshtabrizi, Behshad
    Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Dept Cardiol, Hamadan, Iran..
    Naik, Gurudatta
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA..
    Naimzada, Mukhammad David
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.;Kursk State Med Univ, Expt Surg & Oncol Lab, Kursk, Russia..
    Nair, Sanjeev
    Govt Med Coll Trivandrum, Dept Pulm Med, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.;Hlth Act People, Trivandrum, Kerala, India..
    Najafi, Farid
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Epidemiol & Biostat Dept, Kermanshah, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Naldi, Luigi
    San Bortolo Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Vicenza, Italy.;Italian Grp Epidemiol Res Dermatol GISED Study Ct, Study Ctr, Bergamo, Italy..
    Nandakumar, Vishnu
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Nandi, Anita K.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England..
    Nangia, Vinay
    Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Nansseu, Jobert Richie
    Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Control Dis Epidem & Pandem, Yaounde, Cameroon.;Univ Yaounde I, Dept Publ Hlth, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Naserbakht, Morteza
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Mental Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Nayak, Vinod C.
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India..
    Nazari, Javad
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Arak, Iran..
    Ndejjo, Rawlance
    Makerere Univ, Dis Control & Environm Hlth, Kampala, Uganda..
    Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith
    South African Med Res Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Negoi, Ionut
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania.;Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania..
    Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Anat & Embryol, Bucharest, Romania.;Cardio Aid, Bucharest, Romania..
    Netsere, Henok Biresaw
    Univ Gondar, Sch Nursing, Gondar, Ethiopia.;Bahir Dar Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Surg Nursing, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Neupane, Subas
    Univ Tampere, Dept Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland..
    Ngari, Kiirithio N.
    Synotech Consultants, Res & Stat Unit, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Nguefack-Tsague, Georges
    Univ Yaounde I, Dept Publ Hlth, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Ngunjiri, Josephine W.
    Univ Embu, Dept Biol Sci, Embu, Kenya..
    Nguyen, Cuong Tat
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Nguyen, Diep Ngoc
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam.;Duy Tan Univ, Fac Pharm, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Nguyen, Jason
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Nguyen, Michele
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Oxford, Malaria Atlas Project, Oxford, England..
    Nguyen, Ming
    Nguyen, Trang Huyen
    Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..
    Nichols, Emma
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Nigatu, Dabere
    Nigatu, Yeshambel T.
    Bahir Dar Univ, Dept Reprod Hlth & Populat Studies, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.;Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Inst Mental Hlth Policy Res, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Inst Clin Evaluat Sci, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Nikbakhsh, Rajan
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Obes Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Nikpoor, Amin Reza
    Hormozgan Univ Med Sci, Bandar Abbas, Iran..
    Nixon, Molly R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Nnaji, Chukwudi A.
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Nomura, Shuhei
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Global Hlth Policy, Tokyo, Japan.;Keio Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Tokyo, Japan..
    Norheim, Ole F.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway..
    Norrving, Bo
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmö, Sweden..
    Noubiap, Jean Jacques
    Univ Adelaide, Ctr Heart Rhythm Disorders, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Motlagh, Soraya Nouraei
    Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Khorramabad, Iran..
    Nowak, Christoph
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nsoesie, Elaine Okanyene
    Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Nunez-Samudio, Virginia
    Inst Med Sci, Unit Microbiol & Publ Hlth, Las Tablas, Panama.;Minist Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Herrera, Panama..
    Oancea, Bogdan
    Univ Bucharest, Adm & Econ Sci Dept, Bucharest, Romania..
    Odell, Christopher M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
    Western Sydney Univ, Translat Hlth Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Oghenetega, Onome Bright
    Univ Ibadan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Oh, In-Hwan
    Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera
    Minist Hlth, Dis Surveillance & Epidem Response, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Oladnabi, Morteza
    Golestan Univ Med Sci, Gorgan Congenital Malformat Res Ctr, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran..
    Olagunju, Andrew T.
    McMaster Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;Univ Lagos, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
    Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
    Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike
    Univ Ibadan, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Bali, Ahmed Omar
    Univ Human Dev, Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq..
    Omer, Muktar Omer
    Jigjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Ong, Kanyin L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Ong, Sokking
    Pantai Jerudong Specialist Ctr, Early Detect & Canc Prevent Serv, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.;Pantai Jerudong Specialist Ctr, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.;Minist Hlth, Noncommunicable Dis Prevent Unit, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei..
    Onwujekwe, Obinna E.
    Univ Nigeria Nsukka, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Enugu, Nigeria..
    Oren, Eyal
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA..
    Orji, Aislyn U.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Orpana, Heather M.
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Subst Related Harms Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Univ Ottawa, Sch Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.
    Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Hlth Syst Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Ortiz, Alberto
    Autonomous Univ Madrid, Dept Med, Madrid, Spain.;Fdn Jimenez Diaz Univ Hosp, Inst Hlth Res, Dept Hypertens & Nephrol, Madrid, Spain..
    Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo
    Univ Benin, Dept Environm Management & Toxicol, Benin, Nigeria..
    Osei, Frank B.
    Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands.;Univ Energy & Nat Resources, Dept Math & Stat, Sunyani, Ghana..
    Ostojic, Sergej M.
    Univ Novi Sad, Biomed Sci, Novi Sad, Serbia..
    Ostroff, Samuel M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Oiu, Adrian O.
    Otstavnov, Nikita
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia..
    Otstavnov, Stanislav S.
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.;Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Project Management, Moscow, Russia. Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Acad Hlth Educ &, Dept Resp Med, Mysore, Karnataka, India..
    Overland, Simon
    Univ Bergen, Dept Psychosocial Sci, Bergen, Norway.;Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Mental & Phys Hlth, Bergen, Norway..
    Owolabi, Mayowa O.
    Univ Coll Hosp, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Univ Ibadan, Dept Med, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Section, Mahesh P. A.
    Padubidri, Jagadish Rao
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med, Mangalore, India..
    Pakhale, Smita
    Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Pakhare, Abhijit P.
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med & Family Med, Bhopal, India..
    Pakshir, Keyvan
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol & Mycol, Shiraz, Iran..
    Palladino, Raffaele
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Publ Hlth, Naples, Italy..
    Pana, Adrian
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania.;Ctr Hlth Outcomes & Evaluat, Dept Hlth Metr, Bucharest, Romania..
    Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
    Heidelberg Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Pandey, Anamika
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Dept Res, Gurugram, India..
    Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha
    Minist Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Park, Eun-Kee
    Kosin Univ, Dept Med Humanities & Social Med, Busan, South Korea..
    Park, James
    Harvard Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Parmar, Priya G. Kumari
    Auckland Univ Technol, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Auckland, New Zealand.;Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Parry, Charles D. H.
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Alcohol Tobacco & Other Drug Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Pasovic, Maja
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pasupula, Deepak Kumar
    Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA..
    Patel, Jenil R.
    Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA..
    Patel, Sangram Kishor
    Populat Council, Dept Poverty Gender & Youth, New Delhi, India..
    Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J.
    Univ Sinu, Sch Med, Cartagena, Colombia..
    Pathak, Ashish
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth Hlth Syst & Policy HSP Med, Stockholm, Sweden.;RD Gardi Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India..
    Pathak, Mona
    Kalinga Inst Med Sci, Dept Res & Dev, Bhubaneswar, India..
    Patten, Scott B.
    Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada..
    Patton, George C.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Populat Hlth Theme, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Paudel, Deepak
    Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany.;Save Children, Hlth Nutr & HIV AIDS Program, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Paudel, Sagun
    Publ Hlth Youth Soc Nepal, Pokhara, Nepal.;Publ Hlth Update, Pokhara, Nepal..
    Paulson, Katherine R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Physiol, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Physiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Pease, Spencer A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Peden, Amy E.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Douglas, Qld, Australia..
    Pennini, Alyssa
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino
    Ateneo Manila Univ, Ctr Res & Innovat, Pasig, Philippines..
    Peprah, Emmanuel K.
    NYU, Sch Global Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA..
    Pereira, Alexandre
    Harvard Univ, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Univ Sao Paulo, Lab Genet & Mol Cardiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Pereira, David M.
    Univ Porto, Associated Lab Green Chem LAQV, Porto, Portugal..
    Pereira, Jeevan
    Yenepoya Med Coll, Dept Orthoped, Mangalore, India..
    Perico, Norberto
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy..
    Pescarini, Julia Moreira
    Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Integrat Data & Hlth Knowledge, Salvador, BA, Brazil..
    Pesudovs, Konrad
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Pham, Hai Quang
    Duy Tan Univ, Inst Global Hlth Innovat, Da Nang, Vietnam..
    Phillips, Michael R.
    Columbia Univ, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA.;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai Mental Hlth Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Piccinelli, Cristiano
    City Hlth & Sci Univ Hosp Turin, SSD Epidemiol Screening, Turin, Italy..
    Pierce, Maxwell
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pigott, David M.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pilgrim, Thomas
    Univ Bern, Dept Cardiol, Bern, Switzerland..
    Pilz, Tessa M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pinheiro, Marina
    Univ Porto, Dept Chem, Porto, Portugal..
    Piradov, Michael A.
    Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia..
    Pirsaheb, Meghdad
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Pishgar, Farhad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Urooncol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer
    Aarhus Univ, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Plass, Dietrich
    German Environm Agcy, Dept Environm Hyg, Dessau Rosslau, Germany..
    Pletcher, Martin
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Pokhrel, Khem Narayan
    Integrated Dev Fdn Nepal, HIV & Mental Hlth Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Polibin, Roman V.
    IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Evidence Based Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Polinder, Suzanne
    Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Polkinghorne, Kevan R.
    Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Pond, Constance Dimity
    Univ Newcastle, Discipline Gen Practice, Newcastle, NSW, Australia..
    Postma, Maarten J.
    Univ Groningen, Sch Business & Econ, Groningen, Netherlands.;Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Pottoo, Faheem Hyder
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Dammam, Saudi Arabia..
    Pourjafar, Hadi
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Dietary Supplements & Probiot Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran.;Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Maragheh, Iran..
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Emergency Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Pourshams, Akram
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Poznanska, Anna
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth Monitoring & Anal, Warsaw, Poland..
    Prada, Sergio I.
    ICESI Univ, Clin Res Ctr, Valle Lili Fdn, Cali, Colombia.;ICESI Univ, Ctr Studies Social Protect & Hlth Econ, Cali, Colombia..
    Prakash, Sanjay
    Smt BKS Med Inst & Res Ctr, Dept Neurol, Vadodara, India..
    Prakash, V.
    Charotar Univ Sci & Technol, Rita Patel Inst Physiotherapy, Anand, Gujarat, India..
    Prasad, Narayan
    Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Nephrol, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Preotescu, Liliana
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Infect Dis, Bucharest, Romania.;Natl Inst Infect Dis, Bucharest, Romania..
    Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga
    Muhammadiyah Univ Surakarta, Dept Hlth Sci, Sukoharjo, Indonesia..
    Pupillo, Elisabetta
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Dept Neurosci, Milan, Italy..
    Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin
    Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India..
    Rabiee, Mohammad
    Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Biomed Engn, Tehran, Iran..
    Rabiee, Navid
    Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Tehran, Iran..
    Radfar, Amir
    Univ Cent Florida, Coll Med, Orlando, FL 32816 USA..
    Rafiee, Ata
    Univ Alberta, Dept Med, Edmonton, AB, Canada..
    Rafiei, Alireza
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Sari, Iran.;Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Mol & Cell Biol Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Raggi, Alberto
    Carlo Besta Neurol Inst IRCCS, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Milan, Italy..
    Rahim, Fakher
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Metabol & Genom Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Res Ctr, Ahwaz, Iran..
    Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Iranian Natl Ctr Addict Studies INCAS, Tehran, Iran..
    Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
    La Trobe Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Maharishi Markandeshwar Inst Med Sci & Res, Dept Community Med, Ambala, India..
    Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
    Federat Univ Australia, Sch Nursing & Healthcare Profess, Berwick, Vic, Australia..
    Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali
    Birjand Univ Med Sci, Fac Med, Birjand, Iran..
    Rajati, Fatemeh
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Rakovac, Ivo
    World Hlth Org WHO, European Off Prevent & Control Noncommunicable Di, Geneva, Switzerland..
    Ram, Pradhum
    Emory Univ, Div Cardiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Ramezanzadeh, Kiana
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Pharm, Tehran, Iran..
    Rana, Saleem Muhammad
    Univ Lahore, Univ Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan.;Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
    Policy Res Inst, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal.;Global Ctr Res & Dev, Hlth & Publ Policy Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal..
    Ranta, Annemarei
    Univ Otago, Dept Med, Wellington, New Zealand.;Capital & Coast Dist Hlth Board, Dept Neurol, Wellington, New Zealand..
    Rao, Puja C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Rao, Sowmya J.
    Srinivas Inst Dent Sci, Dept Oral Pathol, Mangalore, India..
    Rasella, Davide
    Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Collect Hlth, Salvador, BA, Brazil..
    Rashedi, Vahid
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Tehran Inst Psychiat, Tehran, Iran..
    Rastogi, Prateek
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India..
    Rath, Goura Kishor
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Delhi, India.;All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Radiat Oncol, New Delhi, India..
    Rathi, Priya
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Kasturba Med Coll, Mangalore, India..
    Rawaf, David Laith
    Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England.;Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England..
    Rawaf, Salman
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.;Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth England, London, England.;Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth England, London, England..
    Rawal, Lal
    CQ Univ, Sch Hlth Med & Appl Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Rawassizadeh, Reza
    Boston Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Rawat, Ramu
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Math Demog & Stat, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Razo, Christian
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Boston, Sofia
    Regassa, Lemma Demissie
    Haramaya Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Reiner, Robert C., Jr.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Reinig, Nickolas
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Reitsma, Marissa Bettay
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Remuzzi, Giuseppe
    Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy..
    Renjith, Vishnu
    Royal Coll Surg Ireland Bahrain, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Muharraq Governorate, Bahrain..
    Renzaho, Andre M. N.
    Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Sydney, Vic, Australia.;Western Sydney Univ, Translat Hlth Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Resnikoff, Serge
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vis Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Brien Holden Vis Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Rezaei, Negar
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Res Ctr Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Sci Educ & Res Network USERN, Network Immun Infect Malignancy & Autoimmun NIIMA, Tehran, Iran..
    Rezaei, Nima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Pediat Infect Dis Res Ctr, Sari, Iran..
    Rezapour, Aziz
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne
    Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
    Birjand Univ Med Sci, Cardiovasc Dis Res Ctr, Birjand, Iran..
    Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Ctr Telehlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.;Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Internal Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Ribeiro, Daniel Cury
    Univ Otago, Sch Physiotherapy, Wellington, New Zealand..
    Ribeiro, Daniela
    Univ Porto, Dept Chem Sci, Porto, Portugal..
    Rickard, Jennifer
    Univ Minnesota, Dept Surg, Box 242 UMHC, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Teaching Hosp Kigali, Dept Surg, Kigali, Rwanda..
    Rivera, Juan A.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth & Nutr Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Robalik, Toshana
    Roberts, Nicholas L. S.
    Roberts, Shaun
    Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Robinson, Stephen R.
    RMIT Univ, Dept Psychol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Roever, Leonardo
    Univ Fed Uberlandia, Dept Clin Res, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil..
    Rolfe, Sam
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Romoli, Michele
    Univ Perugia, Dept Neurosci, Perugia, Italy.;Rimini Infermi Hosp AUSL Romagna, Dept Neurol, Rimini, Italy..
    Ronfani, Luca
    Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy..
    Room, Robin
    La Trobe Univ, Ctr Alcohol Policy Res CAPR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Stockholm Univ, Ctr Social Res Alcohol & Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Roshandel, Gholamreza
    Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol GRCGH, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran..
    Rostamian, Morteza
    Gonabad Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Gonabad, Iran..
    Roth, Gregory A.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Div Cardiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Rothenbacher, Dietrich
    Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany..
    Rubagotti, Enrico
    Agrosavia, Palmira, Colombia..
    Rumisha, Susan Fred
    Univ Oxford, Malaria Atlas Project, Oxford, England.;Natl Inst Med Res, Dept Hlth Stat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania..
    Rwegerera, Godfrey M.
    Univ Botswana, Dept Internal Med, Gaborone, Botswana..
    Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad
    Mayo Clin, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Rochester, MN USA..
    Sabour, Siamak
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Tehran, Iran..
    Sachdev, Perminder S.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Psychiat, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Prince Wales Hosp, Neuropsychiat Inst, Randwick, NSW, Australia..
    Saddik, Basema
    Univ Sharjah, Dept Family & Community Med, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates..
    Sadeghi, Ehsan
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Sadeghi, Masoumeh
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Cardiac Rehabil Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran..
    Saeedi, Reza
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Safety & Environm HSE, Tehran, Iran..
    Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Saeidi, Shahram
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Safari, Yahya
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Safi, Sare
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Epidemiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Safiri, Saeid
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Aging Res Inst, Tabriz, Iran.;Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Tabriz, Iran..
    Sagar, Rajesh
    All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Psychiat, New Delhi, India..
    Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Neurogen Inflammat Res Ctr, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran.;Food & Drug Adm Islamic Republ Iran, Halal Res Ctr IRI, Tehran, Iran..
    Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Sajadi, S. Mohammad
    Soran Univ, Dept Phytochem, Soran, Iraq.;Cihan Univ Erbil, Dept Nutr, Kurdistan Region, Iraq..
    Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Anat Sci, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Salam, Nasir
    Cent Univ Punjab, Dept Microbiol, Bathinda, India..
    Salama, Joseph S.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Hlth Hub, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Salamati, Payman
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Zahabi, Saleh Salehi
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Kermanshah, Iran.;Taleghani Hosp, Res Dept, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Salem, Hosni
    Cairo Univ, Dept Urol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Salem, Marwa R.
    Cairo Univ, Publ Hlth & Community Med Dept, Cairo, Egypt..
    Salimi, Yahya
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Kermanshah, Iran.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Salimzadeh, Hamideh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Salman, Omar Mukhtar
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Global Hlth & Dev, London, England.;Amer Univ Beirut, Global Hlth Inst, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Stanford Univ, Ctr Primary Care & Outcomes Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Salz, Inbal
    Minist Hlth, Hlth & Disabil Intelligence Grp, Wellington, New Zealand..
    Samad, Zainab
    Duke Univ, Dept Med, Durham, NC USA..
    Kafil, Hossein Samadi
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Drug Appl Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Sambala, Evanson Zondani
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Samy, Abdallah M.
    Ain Shams Univ, Dept Entomol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Sanabria, Juan
    Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Nutr & Prevent Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.;Marshall Univ, Dept Surg, Huntington, WV USA..
    Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Santomauro, Damian Francesco
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, West Moreton Hosp Hlth Serv, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Santos, Itamar S.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Clin & Epidemiol Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil.;Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Internal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Santos, Joao Vasco
    Univ Porto, Ctr Hlth Technol & Serv Res, Porto, Portugal.;Northern Reg Hlth Adm, ACES Grande Porto VIII Espinho Gaia, Publ Hlth Unit, Vila Nova De Gaia, Portugal..
    Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia.;Univ Belgrade, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
    PSG Inst Med Sci & Res, Dept Community Med, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.;PSG FAIMER South Asia Reg Inst, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo
    Univ Appl & Environm Sci, Fac Med, Bogota, Colombia.;Carlos III Hlth Inst, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Madrid, Spain..
    Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Inst, Esfahan, Iran.;Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Sartorius, Benn
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Fac Infect & Trop Dis, London, England.;Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sarveazad, Arash
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Colorectal Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Sathian, Brijesh
    Hamad Med Corp, Dept Geriatr & Long Term Care, Doha, Qatar.;Bournemouth Univ, Fac Hlth & Social Sci, Bournemouth, Dorset, England..
    Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu
    McMaster Univ, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Sattin, Davide
    Carlo Besta Neurol Inst IRCCS, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Milan, Italy..
    Savic, Miloje
    GSK Biol, Wavre, Belgium..
    Sawyer, Susan M.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Adolescent Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Saxena, Deepak
    Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Wardha, India.;Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Gandhinagar, India..
    Saxena, Sonia
    Imperial Coll London, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Saylan, Mete
    Bayer, Market Access, Istanbul, Turkey..
    Sbarra, Alyssa N.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Schaeffer, Lauren E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Schiavolin, Silvia
    Carlo Besta Neurol Inst IRCCS, Neurol Publ Hlth & Disabil Unit, Milan, Italy..
    Schlaich, Markus P.
    Univ Western Australia, Dobney Hypertens Ctr, Perth, WA, Australia.;Baker Heart & Diabet Inst, Hypertens & Kidney Dis Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Schmidt, Maria Ines
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth
    Univ New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;North West Univ, Unit Hypertens & Cardiovasc Dis, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwebel, David C.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Psychol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA..
    Schwendicke, Falk
    Charite Univ Med Ctr Berlin, Oral Diag Digital Hlth & Hlth Serv Res, Berlin, Germany..
    Seedat, Soraya
    Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Sekerija, Mario
    Univ Zagreb, Dept Med Stat Epidemiol & Med Informat, Zagreb, Croatia.;Croatian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Chron Noncommunicable Di, Zagreb, Croatia..
    Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta
    Jigjiga Univ, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Senthilkumaran, Subramanian
    Manian Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Erode, India..
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran..
    Serdar, Berrin
    Univ Colorado Denver, Sch Publ Hlth, Aurora, CO USA.;Environm Hlth Associates LLC, Englewood, CO USA..
    Serre, Marc L.
    Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA..
    Servan-Mori, Edson
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Sha, Feng
    Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol, Ctr Biomed Informat Technol, Shenzhen, Peoples R China..
    Shabani, Mahsima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Cardiol, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Shackelford, Katya Anne
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Shadid, Jamileh
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Shafaat, Omid
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Shahabi, Saeed
    Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Ctr Hlth Policy Res, Shiraz, Iran..
    Shahbaz, Mohammad
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Tehran, Iran..
    Shaheen, Amira A.
    An Najah Natl Univ, Publ Hlth Div, Nablus, Palestine..
    Shaikh, Masood Ali
    Shalash, Ali S.
    Ain Shams Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Karaj, Iran..
    Shamsi, MohammadBagher
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Rehabil & Sports Med, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Shamsizadeh, Morteza
    Univ Borås, Fac Caring Sci Work Life & Social Welf, Borås, Sweden..
    Shannawaz, Mohammed
    BLDE Univ, Dept Community Med, Vijayapur, India..
    Sharafi, Kiomars
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Sharafi, Zeinab
    Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Razi Herbal Med Res Ctr, Khorramabad, Iran..
    Sharara, Fablina
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sharifi, Hamid
    Kerman Univ Med Sci, HIV STI Surveillance Res Ctr & WHO Collaborating, Kerman, Iran..
    Sharma, Rajesh
    Delhi Technol Univ, Univ Sch Management & Entrepreneurship, Delhi, India..
    Shaw, David H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sheena, Brittney S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sheikh, Aziz
    Harvard Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Univ Edinburgh, Med Informat Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland..
    Sheikhtaheri, Abbas
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Informat Management, Tehran, Iran..
    Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India..
    Shetty, Ranjitha S.
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India.;Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Forens Med & Toxicol, Mangalore, India..
    Shibuya, Kenji
    Kings Coll London, Inst Populat Hlth, London, England..
    Shield, Kevin David
    Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Inst Mental Hlth Policy Res, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw
    Debre Berhan Univ, Dept Nursing, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia..
    Shigematsu, Mika
    Natl Inst Infect Dis, Bucharest, Romania..
    Il Shin, Jae
    Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Shin, Min-Jeong
    Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea..
    Shiri, Rahman
    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Shirkoohi, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Biol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Shivakumar, K. M.
    Krishna Inst Med Sci, Fac Dent Sci, Karad, India..
    Shrime, Mark G.
    Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Shuval, Kerem
    Univ Haifa, Sch Publ Hlth, Haifa, Israel..
    Siabani, Soraya
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Hlth Promot, Kermanshah, Iran.;Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Sierpinski, Radoslaw
    Med Res Agcy, Warsaw, Poland.;Cardinal Wyszynski Univ, Sch Med, Warsaw, Poland..
    Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
    Columbia Univ, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, New York, NY USA.;Reykjavik Univ, Dept Psychol, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig
    Reykjavik Univ, Dept Psychol, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Silva, Diego Augusto Santos
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Educ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Silva, Joao Pedro
    Univ Porto, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Porto, Portugal..
    Simonetti, Biagio
    Univ Sannio, Dept Law Econ Management & Quantitat Methods, Benevento, Italy.;WSB Univ, Gdansk, Poland..
    Simpson, Kyle E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Singh, Ambrish
    Univ Tasmania, Menzies Inst Med Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia.;Eli Lilly & Co, Global Patient Outcome & Real World Evidence, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA..
    Singh, Jasvinder A.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA.;US Dept Vet Affairs VA, Med Serv, Birmingham, AL USA..
    Singh, Pushpendra
    Indian Inst Technol, Dept Humanities & Social Sci, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Sinha, Dhirendra Narain
    Sch Prevent Oncol, Dept Epidemiol, Patna, Bihar, India.;Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Skiadaresi, Eirini
    Hywel Dda Univ Hlth Board, Dept Ophthalmol, Llanelli, Wales..
    Skou, Soren T.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Sports Sci & Clin Biomech, Odense, Denmark.;Naestved Slagelse Ringsted Hosp, Dept Physiotherapy & Occupat Therapy, Slagelse, Denmark..
    Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich
    Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Dept 16, Moscow, Russia..
    Sliwa, Karen
    Univ Cape Town, Hatter Inst Dept Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Smith, Amanda
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Smith, Emma U. R.
    Univ Sydney, Inst Bone & Joint Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Pain Management Res Inst PMRI, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Sobngwi, Eugene
    Univ Yaounde I, Dept Internal Med & Specialties, Yaounde, Cameroon.;Yaounde Cent Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Diabet, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Soheili, Amin
    Semnan Univ Med Sci, Nursing Care Res Ctr, Semnan, Iran..
    Sokhan, Anton
    Kharkiv Natl Med Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Kharkiv, Ukraine..
    Soltani, Shahin
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Somefun, Oluwaseyi Dolapo
    Univ Witwatersrand, Demog & Populat Studies Dept, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Soofi, Moslem
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Sorensen, Reed J. D.
    Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Soriano, Joan B.
    Autonomous Univ Madrid, Princess Univ Hosp, Madrid, Spain.;Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Resp CIBERES, Madrid, Spain..
    Sorrie, Muluken Bekele
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Soshnikov, Sergey
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.;Minist Hlth FRIHOI, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Res Dev Dept, Moscow, Russia..
    Soyiri, Ireneous N.
    Univ Hull, Hull York Med Sch, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England..
    Spencer, Cory N.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Spotin, Adel
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Dept Parasitol & Mycol, Tabriz, Iran..
    Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.
    Int Med Univ, Div Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Srinivasan, Vinay
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA..
    Sripada, Kam
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Global Hlth Inequal Res CHAIN, Trondheim, Norway..
    Stanaway, Jeffrey D.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Stark, Benjamin A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Steel, Nicholas
    Publ Hlth England, London, England.;Univ East Anglia, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, Norwich, Norfolk, England..
    Stefan, Simona Catalina
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Management, Bucharest, Romania..
    Stein, Caroline
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Stein, Dan J.
    South African Med Res Council, Risk & Resilience Mental Disorders Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Steiner, Caitlyn
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Steiner, Timothy J.
    Imperial Coll London, Div Brain Sci, London, England.;Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neuromed & Movement Sci, Trondheim, Norway..
    Steuben, Krista M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Stockfelt, Leo
    Univ Gothenburg, Occupat & Environm Med Dept, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Stokes, Mark A.
    Deakin Univ, Dept Psychol, Burwood, Vic, Australia..
    Stovner, Lars Jacob
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neuromed & Movement Sci, Trondheim, Norway.;St Olavs Hosp, Dept Neurol & Clin Neurophysiol, Trondheim, Norway..
    Straif, Kurt
    Boston Coll, Schiller Inst, Boston, MA USA..
    Stranges, Saverio
    Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON, Canada.;Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg..
    Stubbs, Jacob L.
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Psychiat, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Suchdev, Parminder S.
    Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Sudaryanto, Agus
    Muhammadiyah Univ Surakarta, Dept Nursing, Sukoharjo, Indonesia..
    Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale
    Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dept Community Med, Zaria, Nigeria..
    Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Agr & Food Syst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi
    Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Epidemiol, New Delhi, India.;Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Dept Stat, Tirunelveli, India..
    Sulo, Gerhard
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Bergen, Norway..
    Sultan, Iyad
    King Hussein Canc Ctr, Serv Pediat, Amman, Jordan.;Univ Jordan, Dept Pediat, Amman, Jordan..
    Swope, Carolyn B.
    Delos Living, Delos Labs, New York, NY USA..
    Sykes, Bryan L.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc, Irvine, CA USA..
    Sylte, Dillon O.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Szocska, Miklos
    Semmelweis Univ, Fac Hlth & Publ Adm, Budapest, Hungary..
    Szumowski, Lukasz
    Inst Cardiol Poland, Minister Hlth, Warsaw, Poland..
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Carlos III Hlth Inst, Barcelona, Spain.;Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain..
    Tabb, Karen M.
    Univ Illinois, Sch Social Work, Urbana, IL 61801 USA..
    Tabuchi, Takahiro
    Osaka Int Canc Inst, Canc Control Ctr, Osaka, Japan..
    Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar
    Griffith Univ, Sch Dent & Oral Hlth, Nathan, Qld, Australia..
    Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu
    Arbaminch Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm, Arbaminch, Ethiopia..
    Tadesse, Degena Bahrey
    Aksum Univ, Dept Nursing, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Taherkhani, Amir
    Hamadan Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Mol Med, Hamadan, Iran..
    Tahir, Zarfishan
    Inst Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Tajdini, Masih
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran Heart Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Takahashi, Ken
    Asbestos Dis Res Inst, Concord, NSW, Australia..
    Takala, Jukka S.
    Univ Tampere, Dept Hlth Sci, Tampere, Finland.;Monteporzio Catone, Int Comion Occupat Hlth, Rome, Italy..
    Tamiru, Animut Tagele
    Univ Gondar, Dept Midwifery, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Tang, Muming
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Tanser, Frank C.
    Africa Hlth Res Inst, Berea, South Africa..
    Tareque, Md Ismail
    Univ Rajshahi, Dept Populat Sci & Human Resource Dev, Rajshahi, Bangladesh..
    Tarigan, Ingan Ukur
    Natl Inst Hlth Res Dev, Res & Dev Ctr Humanities & Hlth Management, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Taveira, Nuno
    Univ Inst Egas Moniz, Monte De Caparica, Portugal.;Univ Lisbon, Res Inst Med, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Taylor, Heather Jean
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Teagle, Whitney L.
    NIH, NEI, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Teame, Hirut
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Tediosi, Fabrizio
    Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland..
    Tefera, Yonas Getaye
    Univ Gondar, Dept Clin Pharm, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Community & Family Med, Tehran, Iran.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Tela, Freweini Gebrearegay
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Temsah, Mohamad-Hani
    King Saud Univ, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Terrason, Sonyah
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn
    Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse
    Univ Gondar, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Thakur, Bhaskar
    Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Vet Epidemiol Res & Informat Ctr MA, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Texas Tech Univ, Div Biostat & Epidemiol, El Paso, TX USA..
    Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman
    Cent Univ Kerala, Dept Publ Hlth & Community Med, Kasaragod, India..
    Thapar, Rekha
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Dept Community Med, Mangalore, India..
    Thomas, Nihal
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Dept Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Vellore, India..
    Thomson, Azalea M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Thrift, Amanda G.
    Monash Univ, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Thurston, George D.
    NYU, Dept Environm Med, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA..
    Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna
    Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.;Russian Acad Sci, Timiryazev Inst Plant Physiol, Moscow, Russia..
    Tlou, Boikhutso
    Univ KwaZulu Natal, Discipline Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa..
    Tohidinik, Hamid Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran.;Kerman Univ Med Sci, HIV STI Surveillance Res Ctr & WHO Collaborating, Kerman, Iran..
    Tonelli, Marcello
    Univ Calgary, Dept Med, Calgary, AB, Canada..
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Krakow, Poland.;Agcy Hlth Technol Assessment & Tariff Syst, Warsaw, Poland..
    Topouzis, Fotis
    Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Ophthalmol 1, Thessaloniki, Greece..
    Torre, Anna E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Touvier, Mathilde
    Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res INSERM, Nutrit Epidemiol Res Team EREN, Paris, France.;Sorbonne Paris Nord Univ, Hlth Med & Human Biol, Bobigny, France..
    Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol & Legal Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil.;Modestum LTD, London, England..
    Traini, Eugenio
    Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci IRAS, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Tran, Bach Xuan
    Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Hlth Econ, Hanoi, Vietnam..
    Travillian, Ravensara
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Trias-Llimos, Sergi
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Troeger, Christopher E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Truelsen, Thomas Clement
    Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Tsai, Alexander C.
    Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA.;Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Mbarara, Uganda..
    Tsatsakis, Aristidis
    Univ Crete, Dept Med, Iraklion, Greece..
    Car, Lorainne Tudor
    Nanyang Technol Univ, Lee Kong Chian Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore..
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Barcelona, Spain.;St John God Hlth Pk, San Juan Dios Sanitary Pk, St Boi De Llobregat, Spain..
    Uddin, Riaz
    Univ Queensland, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Deakin Univ, Inst Phys Act & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia..
    Ullah, Irfan
    Iqra Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Peshawar, Pakistan.;Mufti Mehmood Mem Teaching Hosp, TB Culture Lab, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan..
    Ullah, Saif
    Univ Agr Faisalabad, Inst Soil & Environm Sci, Faisalabad, Pakistan..
    Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David
    Alex Ekwueme Fed Univ Teaching Hosp Abakaliki, Dept Community Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria..
    Undurraga, Eduardo A.
    Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Govt, Santiago, Chile.;Brandeis Univ, Schneider Inst Hlth Policy, Waltham, MA USA..
    Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran
    Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Kasturba Med Coll, Mangalore, India..
    Upadhyay, Era
    Amity Univ Rajasthan, Amity Inst Biotechnol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India..
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Univ Warwick, Div Hlth Sci, Coventry, W Midlands, England..
    Vacante, Marco
    Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg Specialties, Catania, Italy..
    Vaicekonyte, Regina
    Delos Living, Delos Labs, New York, NY USA..
    Vakilian, Alireza
    Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Neurol, Rafsanjan, Iran.;Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Rafsanjan, Iran..
    Valdez, Pascual R.
    Argentine Soc Med, Board Directos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.;Velez Sarsfield Hosp, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Valli, Alessandro
    Univ Catania, Dept Gen Surg & Med Surg Specialties, Catania, Italy..
    Van Donkelaar, Aaron
    Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.;Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Vardavas, Constantine
    Univ Crete, Toxicol Lab, Iraklion, Greece..
    Varughese, Santosh
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp CMC, Dept Nephrol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
    UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland..
    Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales
    Univ Brasilia, Dept Stat, Brasilia, DF, Brazil..
    Vasseghian, Yasser
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Veisani, Yousef
    Ilam Univ Med Sci, Psychosocial Injuries Res Ctr, Ilam, Iran..
    Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
    Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Singapore, Singapore.;Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore..
    Vidale, Simone
    Infermi Hosp, Dept Neurol, Rimini, Italy.;St Anna Hosp, Dept Neurol, Como, Italy.;St Anna Hosp, Stroke Unit, Como, Italy..
    Violante, Francesco S.
    Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Bologna, Italy.;St Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Occupat Hlth Unit, Bologna, Italy..
    Vlassov, Vasily
    Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Dept Hlth Care Adm & Econ, Moscow, Russia..
    Vollset, Stein Emil
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Vongpradith, Avina
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Vos, Theo
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Vu, Giang Thu
    Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, Ctr Excellence Behav Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..
    Vujcic, Isidora S.
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Inst Epidemiol, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Vukovic, Ana
    Univ Belgrade, Dept Pediat & Prevent Dent, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Vukovic, Rade
    Univ Belgrade, Sch Med, Belgrade, Serbia.;Mother & Child Healthcare Inst Serbia Dr Vukan Cu, Dept Pediat Endocrinol, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Hawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel W.
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Waheed, Yasir
    Fdn Univ Islamabad, Fdn Univ Med Coll, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Wallin, Mitchell Taylor
    Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.;George Washington Univ, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC USA..
    Walters, Magdalene K.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wamai, Richard G.
    Univ Nairobi, Sch Publ Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya.;Northeastern Univ, Cultures Soc & Global Studies & Integrated Initia, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Wang, Fang
    Wuhan Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Haidong
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Social Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Hongbo
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wang, Jiayu
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wang, Yafeng
    Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil.;Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Yanzhong
    Wang, Yuan-Pang
    Ward, Joseph L.
    UCL, Great Ormond St Inst Child Hlth, London, England..
    Watson, Alexandrea
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Watson, Stefanie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wei, Jingkai
    George Washington Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Washington, DC USA..
    Wei, Melissa Y. Wei
    Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA..
    Weintraub, Robert G.
    Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Crit Care & Neurosci Dept, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Weiss, Daniel J.
    Univ Oxford, Malaria Atlas Project, Oxford, England..
    Weiss, Jordan
    Univ Penn, Leonard Davis Inst Hlth Econ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.;Univ Penn, Ctr Populat Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Welay, Fissaha Tekulu
    Adigrat Univ, Dept Midwifery, Adigrat, Ethiopia..
    Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay
    Aksum Univ, Dept Nursing, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Demog Change & Aging Res Area, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    West, J. Jason
    Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA..
    Westerman, Ronny
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up German Natl Cohor, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Whisnant, Joanna L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Whiteford, Harvey A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Wiangkham, Taweewat
    Naresuan Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Phitsanulok, Thailand..
    Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana
    Rajarata Univ Sri Lanka, Dept Community Med, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka..
    Wiens, Kirsten E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wijeratne, Tissa
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Neurol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Rajarata, Dept Med, Saliyapura Anuradhapuray, Sri Lanka..
    Wilner, Lauren B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wilson, Shadrach
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wiysonge, Charles Shey
    South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Wojtyniak, Bogdan
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth Monitoring & Anal, Warsaw, Poland..
    Woldu, Gebremariam
    Aksum Univ, Sch Pharm, Aksum, Ethiopia..
    Wolfe, Charles D. A.
    Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England.;Guys & St Thomas Hosp, NIHR Biomed Res Ctr, London, England.;Kings Coll London, London, England..
    Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu
    Samara Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Samara, Ethiopia..
    Wondmieneh, Adam Belay
    Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Wollo Univ, Dept Nursing, Dessie, Ethiopia..
    Wool, Eve E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wozniak, Sarah S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wu, Ai-Min
    Wenzhou Med Univ, Dept Orthopaed, Wenzhou, Peoples R China..
    Wu, Chenkai
    Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Wu, Junjie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Hanson, Sarah Wulf
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Wunrow, Han Yong
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Xie, Yang
    Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Big Data Based Precis Med, Dept Behav & Operat Management, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Gelin
    Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Nanjing, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Rixing
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Yadgir, Simon
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh
    Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Yamada, Tomohide
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Diabet & Metab Dis, Tokyo, Japan..
    Yamagishi, Kazumasa
    Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Suita, Osaka, Japan.;Univ Tsukuba, Res & Dev Ctr Hlth Serv, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan..
    Yaminfirooz, Mousa
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Gen Educ Dept, Babol, Iran.;Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Babol, Iran..
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Duke Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Durham, NC USA..
    Yaya, Sanni
    Univ Oxford, George Inst Global Hlth, Oxford, England.;Univ Ottawa, Sch Int Dev & Global Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid
    Kerman Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Management Policy & Econ, Kerman, Iran.;Kerman Univ Med Sci, Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran..
    Yearwood, Jamal A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Yeheyis, Tomas Y.
    Hawassa Univ, Sch Nursing, Hawassa, Ethiopia..
    Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew
    Arba Minch Univ, Dept Nursing, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo
    Univ Jos, Dept Pediat, Jos, Nigeria.;Jos Univ Teaching Hosp, Dept Pediat, Jos, Nigeria..
    Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu
    Wollega Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Nekemte, Ethiopia..
    Yip, Paul
    Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;Univ Hong Kong, Dept Social Work & Social Adm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmaol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.;Juntendo Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan..
    Yoon, Seok-Jun
    Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Lebni, Javad Yoosefi
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Promot, Tehran, Iran..
    York, Hunter W.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Younis, Mustafa Z.
    Jackson State Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Jackson, MS USA.;Tsinghua Univ, Sch Med, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Younker, Theodore Patrick
    Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Immunol, Pittsburgh, PA USA..
    Yousefi, Bahman
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Mol Med Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran..
    Yousefi, Zabihollah
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Dept Environm Hlth, Sari, Iran..
    Yousefifard, Mahmoud
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Physiol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Injury Prevent & Safety Promot Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf
    Jigjiga Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Jijiga, Ethiopia..
    Yu, Chuanhua
    Wuhan Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Univ, Global Hlth Inst, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Yu, Yong
    Hubei Univ Med, Sch Publ Hlth & Management, Shiyan, Peoples R China..
    Yuan, Chun-Wei
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Yuce, Deniz
    Hacettepe Univ, Inst Canc, Ankara, Turkey..
    Yusefzadeh, Hasan
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Care Management & Econ, Orumiyeh, Iran..
    Zadey, Siddhesh
    Duke Univ, Duke Global Hlth Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Moghadam, Telma Zahirian
    Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ardebil, Iran..
    Zaidi, Syed Saoud
    Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Zaki, Leila
    Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Parasitol & Entomol, Tehran, Iran..
    Zakzuk, Josefina
    Univ Cartagena, Immunol Res Inst, Cartagena, Colombia..
    Bin Zaman, Sojib
    Monash Univ, Monash Hlth, Sch Clin Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Zamani, Mohammad
    Arak Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Arak, Iran.;Babol Univ Med Sci, Student Res Comm, Babol, Iran..
    Zamanian, Maryam
    Zandian, Hamed
    Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Ardebil, Iran.;Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Ardebil, Iran..
    Zangeneh, Alireza
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Social Dev & Hlth Promot Res Ctr, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Zarafshan, Hadi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Psychiat & Psychol Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
    Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Lab Genet & Genom, Moscow, Russia.;Russian Med Acad Continuous Profess Educ, Addictol Dept, Moscow, Russia..
    Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Zhang, Jianrong
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Gen Practice, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Victorian Comprehens Canc Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Zhang, Yunquan
    Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol, Hubei Prov Key Lab Occupat Hazard Identificat & C, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
    Wuhan Univ, Sch Med, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Zhao, Jeff T.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Zhao, Xiu-Ju George
    Wuhan Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China..
    Zhao, Yingxi
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England..
    Zheleva, Bistra
    Childrens HeartLink, Global Strategy & Advocacy Unit, Minneapolis, MN USA..
    Zheng, Peng
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Zhou, Maigeng
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Zhu, Cong
    Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA..
    Ziapour, Arash
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Dept Hlth Educ & Hlth Promot, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Zimsen, Stephanie R. M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Zlavog, Bianca S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Zodpey, Sanjay
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurugram, India..
    Lim, Stephen S.
    Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.;Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 20192020In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 396, no 10258, p. 1204-1222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990-2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0-9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10-24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10-24 years were also in the top ten in the 25-49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50-74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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  • 3.
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    et al.
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Jurid & Econ Studies, Rome, Italy.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Metr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 20192020In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 396, no 10258, p. 1135-1159Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.

  • 4. Appelros, Peter
    et al.
    Terént, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Thrombolysis in acute stroke2015In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 385, no 9976, p. 1394-1394Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 5. Baigent, C
    et al.
    Blackwell, L
    Emberson, J
    Holland, LE
    Reith, C
    Bhala, N
    Peto, R
    Barnes , EH
    Keech, A
    Simes, J
    Collins, R
    Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomized trials2010In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 376, no 9753, p. 1670-1681Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Lowering of LDL cholesterol with standard statin regimens reduces the risk of occlusive vascular events in a wide range of individuals. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol with statin therapy.

    Methods

    We undertook meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials involving at least 1000 participants and at least 2 years' treatment duration of more versus less intensive statin regimens (five trials; 39 612 individuals; median follow-up 5·1 years) and of statin versus control (21 trials; 129 526 individuals; median follow-up 4·8 years). For each type of trial, we calculated not only the average risk reduction, but also the average risk reduction per 1·0 mmol/L LDL cholesterol reduction at 1 year after randomisation.

    Findings

    In the trials of more versus less intensive statin therapy, the weighted mean further reduction in LDL cholesterol at 1 year was 0·51 mmol/L. Compared with less intensive regimens, more intensive regimens produced a highly significant 15% (95% CI 11–18; p<0·0001) further reduction in major vascular events, consisting of separately significant reductions in coronary death or non-fatal myocardial infarction of 13% (95% CI 7–19; p<0·0001), in coronary revascularisation of 19% (95% CI 15–24; p<0·0001), and in ischaemic stroke of 16% (95% CI 5–26; p=0·005). Per 1·0 mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol, these further reductions in risk were similar to the proportional reductions in the trials of statin versus control. When both types of trial were combined, similar proportional reductions in major vascular events per 1·0 mmol/L LDL cholesterol reduction were found in all types of patient studied (rate ratio [RR] 0·78, 95% CI 0·76–0·80; p<0·0001), including those with LDL cholesterol lower than 2 mmol/L on the less intensive or control regimen. Across all 26 trials, all-cause mortality was reduced by 10% per 1·0 mmol/L LDL reduction (RR 0·90, 95% CI 0·87–0·93; p<0·0001), largely reflecting significant reductions in deaths due to coronary heart disease (RR 0·80, 99% CI 0·74–0·87; p<0·0001) and other cardiac causes (RR 0·89, 99% CI 0·81–0·98; p=0·002), with no significant effect on deaths due to stroke (RR 0·96, 95% CI 0·84–1·09; p=0·5) or other vascular causes (RR 0·98, 99% CI 0·81–1·18; p=0·8). No significant effects were observed on deaths due to cancer or other non-vascular causes (RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·92–1·03; p=0·3) or on cancer incidence (RR 1·00, 95% CI 0·96–1·04; p=0·9), even at low LDL cholesterol concentrations.

    Interpretation

    Further reductions in LDL cholesterol safely produce definite further reductions in the incidence of heart attack, of revascularisation, and of ischaemic stroke, with each 1·0 mmol/L reduction reducing the annual rate of these major vascular events by just over a fifth. There was no evidence of any threshold within the cholesterol range studied, suggesting that reduction of LDL cholesterol by 2–3 mmol/L would reduce risk by about 40–50%.

    Funding

    UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, European Community Biomed Programme, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and National Heart Foundation.

  • 6. Baigent, Colin
    et al.
    Landray, Martin J.
    Reith, Christina
    Emberson, Jonathan
    Wheeler, David C.
    Tomson, Charles
    Wanner, Christoph
    Krane, Vera
    Cass, Alan
    Craig, Jonathan
    Neal, Bruce
    Jiang, Lixin
    Hooi, Lai Seong
    Levin, Adeera
    Agodoa, Lawrence
    Gaziano, Mike
    Kasiske, Bertram
    Walker, Robert
    Massy, Ziad A.
    Feldt-Rasmussen, Bo
    Krairittichai, Udom
    Ophascharoensuk, Vuddidhej
    Fellström, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Holdaas, Hallvard
    Tesar, Vladimir
    Wiecek, Andrzej
    Grobbee, Diederick
    de Zeeuw, Dick
    Gronhagen-Riska, Carola
    Dasgupta, Tanaji
    Lewis, David
    Herrington, William
    Mafham, Marion
    Majoni, William
    Wallendszus, Karl
    Grimm, Richard
    Pedersen, Terje
    Tobert, Jonathan
    Armitage, Jane
    Baxter, Alex
    Bray, Christopher
    Chen, Yiping
    Chen, Zhengming
    Hill, Michael
    Knott, Carol
    Parish, Sarah
    Simpson, David
    Sleight, Peter
    Young, Alan
    Collins, Rory
    The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial2011In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 377, no 9784, p. 2181-2192Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Lowering LDL cholesterol with statin regimens reduces the risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and the need for coronary revascularisation in people without kidney disease, but its effects in people with moderate-to-severe kidney disease are uncertain. The SHARP trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the combination of simvastatin plus ezetimibe in such patients. Methods This randomised double-blind trial included 9270 patients with chronic kidney disease (3023 on dialysis and 6247 not) with no known history of myocardial infarction or coronary revascularisation. Patients were randomly assigned to simvastatin 20 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg daily versus matching placebo. The key prespecified outcome was first major atherosclerotic event (non-fatal myocardial infarction or coronary death, non-haemorrhagic stroke, or any arterial revascularisation procedure). All analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00125593, and I SRCTN54137607. Findings 4650 patients were assigned to receive simvastatin plus ezetimibe and 4620 to placebo. Allocation to simvastatin plus ezetimibe yielded an average LDL cholesterol difference of 0.85 mmol/L (SE 0.02; with about two-thirds compliance) during a median follow-up of 4.9 years and produced a 17% proportional reduction in major atherosclerotic events (526 [11.3%] simvastatin plus ezetimibe vs 619 [13.4%] placebo; rate ratio [RR] 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.94; log-rank p=0.0021). Non-significantly fewer patients allocated to simvastatin plus ezetimibe had a non-fatal myocardial infarction or died from coronary heart disease (213 [4.6%] vs 230 [5.0%]; RR 0.92,95% CI 0.76-1.11; p=0.37) and there were significant reductions in non-haemorrhagic stroke (131 [2.8%] vs 174 [3.8%]; RR 0.75,95% CI 0.60-0.94; p=0.01) and arterial revascularisation procedures (284 [6.1%] vs 352 [7.6%]; RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.93; p=0.0036). After weighting for subgroup-specific reductions in LDL cholesterol, there was no good evidence that the proportional effects on major atherosclerotic events differed from the summary rate ratio in any subgroup examined, and, in particular, they were similar in patients on dialysis and those who were not. The excess risk of myopathy was only two per 10 000 patients per year of treatment with this combination (9 [0.2%] vs 5 [0.1%]). There was no evidence of excess risks of hepatitis (21 [0.5%] vs 18 [0.4%]), gallstones (106 [2.3%] vs 106 [2.3%]), or cancer (438 [9.4%] vs 439 [9.5%], p=0.89) and there was no significant excess of death from any non-vascular cause (668 [14.4%] vs 612 [13.2%], p=0.13). Interpretation Reduction of LDL cholesterol with simvastatin 20 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg daily safely reduced the incidence of major atherosclerotic events in a wide range of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.

  • 7.
    Baker, Tim
    et al.
    Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, POB 65001, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.;Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Perioperat Med & Intens Care, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Schell, Carl Otto
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning i Sörmland (CKFD). Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Petersen, Dan Brun
    Minist Hlth, Community Dev Gender Elderly & Children, Dodoma, Tanzania.;Zealand Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Koge, Denmark..
    Sawe, Hendry
    Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, POB 65001, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania..
    Khalid, Karima
    Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, POB 65001, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.;Muhimbili Orthopaed Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania..
    Mndolo, Samson
    Queen Elizabeth Cent Hosp, Blantyre, Malawi..
    Rylance, Jamie
    Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust, Blantyre, Malawi..
    McAuley, Daniel F.
    Queens Univ Belfast, Wellcome Wolfson Inst Expt Med, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland..
    Roy, Nobhojit
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Global Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden.;BARC Hosp, Govt India, WHO Collaborating Ctr Res Surg Care Delivery LMIC, Surg Unit, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India..
    Marshall, John
    Univ Toronto, Dept Surg, Interdept Div Crit Care Med, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Int Forum Acute Care Trialists, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Wallis, Lee
    Univ Cape Town, Div Emergency Med, Rondebosch, South Africa..
    Molyneux, Elizabeth
    Queen Elizabeth Cent Hosp, Blantyre, Malawi.;Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Blantyre, Malawi..
    Essential care of critical illness must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 pandemic2020In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 395, no 10232, p. 1253-1254Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 8. Barber, RM
    et al.
    Fullman, N
    Sorensen, RJD
    Bollyky, T
    McKee, M
    Nolte, E
    Abajobir, AA
    Abate, KH
    Abbafati, C
    Abbas, KM
    Abd-Allah, F
    Abdulle, AM
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Younis, MZ
    Yu, C
    Zaidi, Z
    El Sayed Zaki, M
    Zambrana-Torrelio, C
    Zapata, T
    Zenebe, ZM
    Zodpey, S
    Zoeckler, L
    Zuhlke, LJ
    Murray, CJL
    Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.2017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 390, no 10091, p. 231-266Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015.

    METHODS: We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r=0·88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r=0·83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r=0·77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total fertility rates. This frontier allowed us to better quantify the maximum levels of personal health-care access and quality achieved across the development spectrum, and pinpoint geographies where gaps between observed and potential levels have narrowed or widened over time.

    FINDINGS: Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0-42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2-55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015.

    INTERPRETATION: This novel extension of the GBD Study shows the untapped potential for personal health-care access and quality improvement across the development spectrum. Amid substantive advances in personal health care at the national level, heterogeneous patterns for individual causes in given countries or territories suggest that few places have consistently achieved optimal health-care access and quality across health-system functions and therapeutic areas. This is especially evident in middle-SDI countries, many of which have recently undergone or are currently experiencing epidemiological transitions. The HAQ Index, if paired with other measures of health-system characteristics such as intervention coverage, could provide a robust avenue for tracking progress on universal health coverage and identifying local priorities for strengthening personal health-care quality and access throughout the world.

    FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

  • 9. Beral, V
    et al.
    Doll, R
    Hermon, C
    Peto, R
    Reeves, G
    Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls2008In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 371, no 9609, p. 303-14Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Oral contraceptives were introduced almost 50 years ago, and over 100 million women currently use them. Oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but the eventual public-health effects of this reduction will depend on how long the protection lasts after use ceases. We aimed to assess these effects.

    METHODS: Individual data for 23,257 women with ovarian cancer (cases) and 87,303 without ovarian cancer (controls) from 45 epidemiological studies in 21 countries were checked and analysed centrally. The relative risk of ovarian cancer in relation to oral contraceptive use was estimated, stratifying by study, age, parity, and hysterectomy.

    FINDINGS: Overall 7308 (31%) cases and 32,717 (37%) controls had ever used oral contraceptives, for average durations among users of 4.4 and 5.0 years, respectively. The median year of cancer diagnosis was 1993, when cases were aged an average of 56 years. The longer that women had used oral contraceptives, the greater the reduction in ovarian cancer risk (p<0.0001). This reduction in risk persisted for more than 30 years after oral contraceptive use had ceased but became somewhat attenuated over time-the proportional risk reductions per 5 years of use were 29% (95% CI 23-34%) for use that had ceased less than 10 years previously, 19% (14-24%) for use that had ceased 10-19 years previously, and 15% (9-21%) for use that had ceased 20-29 years previously. Use during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s was associated with similar proportional risk reductions, although typical oestrogen doses in the 1960s were more than double those in the 1980s. The incidence of mucinous tumours (12% of the total) seemed little affected by oral contraceptives, but otherwise the proportional risk reduction did not vary much between different histological types. In high-income countries, 10 years use of oral contraceptives was estimated to reduce ovarian cancer incidence before age 75 from 1.2 to 0.8 per 100 users and mortality from 0.7 to 0.5 per 100; for every 5000 woman-years of use, about two ovarian cancers and one death from the disease before age 75 are prevented.

    INTERPRETATION: Use of oral contraceptives confers long-term protection against ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that oral contraceptives have already prevented some 200,000 ovarian cancers and 100,000 deaths from the disease, and that over the next few decades the number of cancers prevented will rise to at least 30,000 per year.

  • 10. Berney, Thierry
    et al.
    Benhamou, Pierre
    Brendel, Mathias
    Korsgren, Olle
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy.
    Pipeleers, Daniel
    Pattou, Francois
    Secci, Antonio
    Beta-cell transplantation for diabetes therapy.2008In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 372, no 9632, p. 28-9; author reply 29Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Bhatt, Deepak L.
    et al.
    Brigham & Womens Hosp, Heart & Vasc Ctr, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA;Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Steg, Philippe Gabriel
    Univ Paris, Hop Bichat, AP HP,INSERM,U1148, French Alliance Cardiovasc Trials,Dept Hosp Univ, Paris, France;Royal Brompton Hosp, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England.
    Mehta, Shamir R.
    Hamilton Hlth Sci, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada;McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
    Leiter, Lawrence A.
    Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Simon, Tabassome
    Sorbonne Univ, Hop St Antoine, AP HP, Dept Clin Pharmacol,Clin Res Platform URCEST CRB, Paris, France.
    Fox, Kim
    Royal Brompton Hosp, Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England.
    Held, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Andersson, Marielle
    AstraZeneca BioPharmaceut Res & Dev, Late Stage Dev, Cardiovasc Renal & Metab, Molndal, Sweden.
    Himmelmann, Anders
    AstraZeneca BioPharmaceut Res & Dev, Late Stage Dev, Cardiovasc Renal & Metab, Molndal, Sweden.
    Ridderstrale, Wilhelm
    AstraZeneca BioPharmaceut Res & Dev, Late Stage Dev, Cardiovasc Renal & Metab, Molndal, Sweden.
    Chen, Jersey
    AstraZeneca BioPharmaceut Res & Dev, Late Stage Dev, Cardiovasc Renal & Metab, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
    Song, Yang
    Baim Inst Clin Res, Boston, MA USA.
    Diaz, Rafael
    Estudios Clin Latino Amer, Dept Med, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
    Goto, Shinya
    Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Cardiol, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
    James, Stefan K
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Ray, Kausik K.
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, Imperial Ctr Cardiovasc Dis Prevent, London, England.
    Parkhomenko, Alexander N.
    Inst Cardiol, Emergency Cardiol Dept, Kiev, Ukraine.
    Kosiborod, Mikhail N.
    Univ Missouri Kansas City, St Lukes Mid Amer Heart Inst, Kansas City, MO USA;Univ New South Wales, George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    McGuire, Darren K.
    Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
    Harrington, Robert A.
    Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
    Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI): a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial2019In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 394, no 10204, p. 1169-1180Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor.

    Methods

    The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria:a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population).

    Findings

    Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3.3 years (IQR 2.8-3.8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7.3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8.6%] of 5596; HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.74-0.97], p=0.013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0.76, p(interaction)=0.16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3.1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3.3%) with placebo; HR 0.96 [95% CI 0.78-1.18], p=0.68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5.1%] vs 323 [5.8%]; 0.88 [0.75-1.03], p=0.11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2.0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1.1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2.03 [95% CI 1.48-2.76], p<0.0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0.1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0.1%) of 5564 with placebo (1.13 [0.36-3.50], p=0.83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0.6%) and 31 (0.6%) patients (1.21 [0.74-1.97], p=0.45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit:519/5558 (9.3%) versus 617/5596 (11.0%), HR=0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.95, p=0.005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p(interaction)=0.012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI.

    Interpretation

    In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk.

  • 12. Bikbov, B
    et al.
    Purcell, CA
    Levey, AS
    Smith, M
    Abdoli, A
    Abebe, M
    Adebayo, OM
    Afarideh, M
    Agarwal, SK
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Yamada, T
    Yeshaw, Y
    Yonemoto, N
    Yusefzadeh, H
    Zaidi, Z
    Zaki, L
    Zaman, SB
    Zamora, N
    Zarghi, A
    Zewdie, KA
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Coresh, J
    Perico, N
    Remui, G
    Murray, CJL
    Vos, T
    Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.2020In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 395, no 10225, p. 709-733, article id S0140-6736(20)30045-3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout.

    METHODS: The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and included incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function.

    FINDINGS: Globally, in 2017, 1·2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·2 to 1·3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41·5% (95% UI 35·2 to 46·5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2·8%, -1·5 to 6·3). In 2017, 697·5 million (95% UI 649·2 to 752·0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9·1% (8·5 to 9·8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29·3% (95% UI 26·4 to 32·6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1·2%, -1·1 to 3·5). CKD resulted in 35·8 million (95% UI 33·7 to 38·0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1·4 million (95% UI 1·2 to 1·6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25·3 million (22·2 to 28·9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function.

    INTERPRETATION: Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI.

    FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

  • 13.
    Björck, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery.
    The role of international bench-marking to improve outcome in treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.2014In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. march 15, no 383, p. 933-934Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Björck, Martin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery.
    Mani, Kevin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery.
    Improving outcomes for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm2014In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 383, no 9921, p. 933-934Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 15. Boggia, José
    et al.
    Li, Yan
    Thijs, Lutgarde
    Hansen, Tine W
    Kikuya, Masahiro
    Björklund-Bodegård, Kristina
    Richart, Tom
    Ohkubo, Takayoshi
    Kuznetsova, Tatiana
    Torp-Pedersen, Christian
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Ibsen, Hans
    Imai, Yutaka
    Wang, Jiguang
    Sandoya, Edgardo
    O'Brien, Eoin
    Staessen, Jan A
    Prognostic accuracy of day versus night ambulatory blood pressure: a cohort study2007In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 370, no 9594, p. 1219-1229Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Few studies have formally compared the predictive value of the blood pressure at night over and beyond the daytime value. We investigated the prognostic significance of the ambulatory blood pressure during night and day and of the night-to-day blood pressure ratio. Methods We did 24-h blood pressure monitoring in 7458 people (mean age 56.8 years [SD 13.9]) enrolled in prospective population studies in Denmark, Belgium, Japan, Sweden, Uruguay, and China. We calculated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for daytime and night-time blood pressure and the systolic night-to-day ratio, while adjusting for cohort and cardiovascular risk factors. Findings Median follow-up was 9.6 years (5th to 95th percentile 2.5-13.7). Adjusted for daytime blood pressure, night-time blood pressure predicted total (n=983; p<0.0001), cardiovascular (n=387; p<0.01), and non-cardiovascular (n=560; p<0.001) mortality. Conversely, adjusted for night-time blood pressure, daytime blood pressure predicted only non-cardiovascular mortality (p<0.05), with lower blood pressure levels being associated with increased risk. Both daytime and night-time blood pressure consistently predicted all cardiovascular events (n=943; p<0.05) and stroke (n=420; p<0.01). Adjusted for night-time blood pressure, daytime blood pressure lost prognostic significance only for cardiac events (n=525; p >= 0.07). Adjusted for the 24-h blood pressure, night-to-day ratio predicted mortality, but not fatal combined with non-fatal events. Antohypertensive drug treatment removed the significant association between cardiovascular events and the daytime blood pressure. Participants with systolic night-to-day ratio value of 1 or more were older, at higher risk of death, and died at an older age than those whose night-to-day ratio was normal (>= 0.80 to <0.90). Interpretation In contrast to commonly held views, daytime blood pressure adjusted for night-time blood pressure predicts fatal combined with non-fatal cardiovascular events, except in treated patients, in whom antihypertensive drugs might reduce blood pressure during the day, but not at night. The increased mortality in patients with higher night-time than daytime blood pressure probably indicates reverse causality. Our findings support recording the ambulatory blood pressure during the whole day.

  • 16.
    Bruhn, Jan G.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy.
    De Smet, Peter A. G. M.
    El-Seedi, Hesham R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Pharmacognosy.
    Beck, Olof
    Mescaline use for 5700 years2002In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 359, no 9320, p. 1866-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Archaeological investigations in northeast Mexico and Trans-Pecos, Texas have shown that the use of psychotropic drugs in this region goes back to around 8500 BC. The aboriginal inhabitants of this region used the mescal bean, Sophora secundiflora, and buttons from the peyote cactus, Lophophora williamsii1.

    From an archaeological site in Coahuila, Mexico, several peyote buttons were retrieved and radiocarbon-dated to AD 810–1070. Alkaloid analysis revealed the presence of mescaline and four related tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids2. We have, however, analysed two much older samples of peyote buttons. These samples are thought to have been found in Shumla Cave number five on the Rio Grande, TX, USA, and are in the collection of the Witte Museum in San Antonio3. Radiocarbon dating showed a mean age of 5700 years.

    Standard alkaloid extraction procedures done on the samples gave residues that were analysed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We were able to identify mescaline in both samples, based on identical retention times and Rf values, and similar mass-to-charge ratios and fragmentation pattern. The detection of mescaline in two different samples, both analysed by two methods based on different principles, is reliable evidence for the presence of this psychotropic drug.

    Freshly prepared peyote buttons can contain up to 8% of total alkaloids. The previously studied 1000-year-old sample had a lower content, around 2·25%. In our analysis, alkaloid content had fallen to 2%, and mescaline was the only peyote alkaloid we could identify. There was no trace of any of the other tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids typical for peyote.

    Earlier, nicotine and caffeine had been identified in plant remains from a medicine man's tomb in Bolivia, aged 1600 years4. Morphine has been found in a 3500 year old ceramic container from Cyprus5.

    From a scientific perspective, the studied peyote material seems to be the oldest plant drug that yielded a major bioactive compound on chemical analysis. From a cultural point of view, our identification of mescaline strengthens the evidence that Native Americans already recognised and valued the psychotropic properties of peyote as long as 5700 years ago.

  • 17.
    Brunner, Fabian J.
    et al.
    Univ Heart & Vasc Ctr Hamburg, Dept Cardiol, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
    Waldeyer, Christoph
    Univ Heart & Vasc Ctr Hamburg, Dept Cardiol, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
    Ojeda, Francisco
    Univ Heart & Vasc Ctr Hamburg, Dept Cardiol, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
    Salomaa, Veikko
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Helsinki, Finland.
    Kee, Frank
    Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Publ Hlth, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland.
    Sans, Susana
    Catalan Dept Hlth, Barcelona, Spain.
    Thorand, Barbara
    German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany.
    Giampaoli, Simona
    Natl Inst Hlth ISS, Dept Cardiovasc Endocrine Metab Dis & Ageing, Rome, Italy.
    Brambilla, Paolo
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Med & Surg, Milan, Italy.
    Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh
    Univ Dundee, Cardiovasc Epidemiol Unit, Inst Cardiovasc Res, Dundee, Scotland.
    Moitry, Marie
    Univ Hosp Strasbourg, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Strasbourg, France.
    Iacoviello, Licia
    IRCCS Neuromed, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Pozzilli, Italy;Univ Insubria, Dept Med & Surg, Res Ctr Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Varese, Italy.
    Veronesi, Giovanni
    Univ Insubria, Dept Med & Surg, Res Ctr Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Varese, Italy.
    Grassi, Guido
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Med Clin, Dept Med & Surg, Milan, Italy.
    Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
    Univ Tromso, Univ Tromso Arctic, Dept Clin Med, Tromso, Norway;Univ Hosp North Norway, Dept Neurol & Neurophysiol, Tromso, Norway.
    Soderberg, Stefan
    Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Umea, Sweden;Umea Univ, Ctr Heart, Umea, Sweden.
    Linneberg, Allan
    Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hosp, Ctr Clin Res & Prevent, Copenhagen, Denmark;Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Clin Med, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Brenner, Hermann
    German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol & Aging Res, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Amouyel, Philippe
    Univ Lille, Risk Factors & Mol Determinants Aging Dis, Lille, France;INSERM, Lille, France;CHU Lille, Lille, France;Inst Pasteur, Lille, France.
    Ferrieres, Jean
    Toulouse Univ, Sch Med, Toulouse, France.
    Tamosiunas, Abdonas
    Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Inst Cardiol, Kaunas, Lithuania.
    Nikitin, Yuriy P.
    Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Cytol & Genet, Res Inst Internal & Prevent Med,Branch Fed Res Ct, Novosibirsk, Russia.
    Drygas, Wojciech
    Natl Inst Cardiol, Dept Epidemiol Cardiovasc Dis Prevent & Hlth Prom, Warsaw, Poland.
    Melander, Olle
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden.
    Joeckel, Karl-Heinz
    Univ Hosp Essen, Inst Med Informat Biometry & Epidemiol, Essen, Germany.
    Leistner, David M.
    Charite Berlin Univ Med, Dept Cardiol, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany;German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Shaw, Jonathan E.
    Baker Heart & Diabet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.
    Harokopio Univ, Sch Hlth Sci & Educ, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Athens, Greece.
    Simons, Leon A.
    Univ New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;St Vincents Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Kavousi, Maryam
    Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Vasan, Ramachandran S.
    Boston Univ, Framingham, MA USA;NHLBI, Framingham Study, Framingham, MA USA.
    Dullaart, Robin P. F.
    Univ Groningen, Dept Endocrinol, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
    Wannamethee, S. Goya
    UCL, Dept Primary Care & Populat Hlth, London, England.
    Risérus, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Shea, Steven
    Columbia Univ, Dept Med, New York, NY USA;Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA.
    de Lemos, James A.
    Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr Dallas, Div Cardiol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
    Omland, Torbjorn
    Akershus Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Div Med, Lorenskog, Norway;Univ Oslo, Inst Clin Med, Ctr Heart Failure Res, Oslo, Norway.
    Kuulasmaa, Kari
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Helsinki, Finland.
    Landmesser, Ulf
    Charite Berlin Univ Med, Dept Cardiol, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany;German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany;Berlin Inst Hlth, Berlin, Germany.
    Blankenberg, Stefan
    Univ Heart & Vasc Ctr Hamburg, Dept Cardiol, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany;German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Partner Site Hamburg Kiel Lubeck, Hamburg, Germany.
    Zeller, T.
    Lackner, K.
    Wild, P.
    Peters, A.
    Meisinger, C.
    Voelzke, H.
    Doerr, M.
    Nauck, M.
    Schoettker, B.
    Lorenz, T.
    Makarova, N.
    Schmidt, B.
    Klotsche, J.
    Koenig, W.
    Kontto, J.
    Mannisto, S.
    Jaaskelainen, T.
    Niiranen, T.
    Jousilahti, P.
    Metspalu, A.
    Alver, M.
    Donfrancesco, C.
    Signorini, S. G.
    Gianfagna, F.
    Costanzo, S.
    Woodward, M.
    Dobson, A.
    Giles, G.
    Hodge, A.
    Magliano, D. J.
    Wilsgaard, T.
    Lyngbakken, M. N.
    Hveem, K.
    Eliasson, M.
    Engstrom, G.
    Ingelsson, M.
    Jorgensen, T.
    Twerenbold, R.
    Dallongeville, J.
    Malyutina, S.
    Pajak, A.
    Bobak, M.
    Whincup, P.
    Pitsavos, C.
    Benjamin, E. J.
    Bakker, S. J. L.
    Ikram, M. K.
    Application of non-HDL cholesterol for population-based cardiovascular risk stratification: results from the Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium2019In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 394, no 10215, p. 2173-2183Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background The relevance of blood lipid concentrations to long-term incidence of cardiovascular disease and the relevance of lipid-lowering therapy for cardiovascular disease outcomes is unclear. We investigated the cardiovascular disease risk associated with the full spectrum of bloodstream non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. We also created an easy-to-use tool to estimate the long-term probabilities for a cardiovascular disease event associated with non-HDL cholesterol and modelled its risk reduction by lipid-lowering treatment. Methods In this risk-evaluation and risk-modelling study, we used Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium data from 19 countries across Europe, Australia, and North America. Individuals without prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline and with robust available data on cardiovascular disease outcomes were included. The primary composite endpoint of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was defined as the occurrence of the coronary heart disease event or ischaemic stroke. Sex-specific multivariable analyses were computed using non-HDL cholesterol categories according to the European guideline thresholds, adjusted for age, sex, cohort, and classical modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In a derivation and validation design, we created a tool to estimate the probabilities of a cardiovascular disease event by the age of 75 years, dependent on age, sex, and risk factors, and the associated modelled risk reduction, assuming a 50% reduction of non-HDL cholesterol. Findings Of the 524 444 individuals in the 44 cohorts in the Consortium database, we identified 398 846 individuals belonging to 38 cohorts (184 055 [48.7%] women; median age 51.0 years [IQR 40.7-59.7]). 199 415 individuals were included in the derivation cohort (91 786 [48.4%] women) and 199 431 (92 269 [49.1%] women) in the validation cohort. During a maximum follow-up of 43.6 years (median 13.5 years, IQR 7.0-20.1), 54 542 cardiovascular endpoints occurred. Incidence curve analyses showed progressively higher 30-year cardiovascular disease eventrates for increasing non-HDL cholesterol categories (from 7.7% for non-HDL cholesterol <2.6 mmol/L to 33.7% for >= 5.7 mmol/L in women and from 12.8% to 43.6% in men; p<0.0001). Multivariable adjusted Cox models with non-HDL cholesterol lower than 2.6 mmol/L as reference showed an increase in the association between non-HDL cholesterol concentration and cardiovascular disease for both sexes (from hazard ratio 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.3 for nonHDL cholesterol 2.6 to <3.7 mmol/L to 1.9, 1.6-2.2 for >= 5.7 mmol/L in women and from 1.1, 1.0-1.3 to 2.3, 2.0-2.5 in men). The derived tool allowed the estimation of cardiovascular disease event probabilities specific for non-HDL cholesterol with high comparability between the derivation and validation cohorts as reflected by smooth calibration curves analyses and a root mean square error lower than 1% for the estimated probabilities of cardiovascular disease. A 50% reduction of non-HDL cholesterol concentrations was associated with reduced risk of a cardiovascular disease event by the age of 75 years, and this risk reduction was greater the earlier cholesterol concentrations were reduced. Interpretation Non-HDL cholesterol concentrations in blood are strongly associated with long-term risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We provide a simple tool for individual long-term risk assessment and the potential benefit of early lipid-lowering intervention. These data could be useful for physician-patient communication about primary prevention strategies.

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  • 18. Cannon, Christopher P.
    et al.
    Harrington, Robert A.
    James, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Ardissino, Diego
    Becker, Richard C.
    Emanuelsson, Håkan
    Husted, Steen
    Katus, Hugo
    Keltai, Matyas
    Khurmi, Nardev S.
    Kontny, Frederic
    Lewis, Basil S.
    Steg, Philippe Gabriel
    Storey, Robert F.
    Wojdyla, Daniel
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Comparison of ticagrelor with clopidogrel in patients with a planned invasive strategy for acute coronary syndromes (PLATO): a randomised double-blind study2010In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 375, no 9711, p. 283-293Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Variation in and irreversibility of platelet inhibition with clopidogrel has led to controversy about its optimum dose and timing of administration in patients with acute coronary syndromes. We compared ticagrelor, a more potent reversible P2Y12 inhibitor with clopidogrel in such patients. METHODS: At randomisation, an invasive strategy was planned for 13 408 (72.0%) of 18 624 patients hospitalised for acute coronary syndromes (with or without ST elevation). In a double-blind, double-dummy study, patients were randomly assigned in a one-to-one ratio to ticagrelor and placebo (180 mg loading dose followed by 90 mg twice a day), or to clopidogrel and placebo (300-600 mg loading dose or continuation with maintenance dose followed by 75 mg per day) for 6-12 months. All patients were given aspirin. The primary composite endpoint was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00391872. FINDINGS: 6732 patients were assigned to ticagrelor and 6676 to clopidogrel. The primary composite endpoint occurred in fewer patients in the ticagrelor group than in the clopidogrel group (569 [event rate at 360 days 9.0%] vs 668 [10.7%], hazard ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.94; p=0.0025). There was no difference between clopidogrel and ticagrelor groups in the rates of total major bleeding (691 [11.6%] vs 689 [11.5%], 0.99 [0.89-1.10]; p=0.8803) or severe bleeding, as defined according to the Global Use of Strategies To Open occluded coronary arteries, (198 [3.2%] vs 185 [2.9%], 0.91 [0.74-1.12]; p=0.3785). INTERPRETATION: Ticagrelor seems to be a better option than clopidogrel for patients with acute coronary syndromes for whom an early invasive strategy is planned.

  • 19. Chung, Sheng-Chia
    et al.
    Gedeborg, Rolf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Nicholas, Owen
    James, Stefan K.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Jeppsson, Anders
    Wolfe, Charles
    Heuschmann, Peter
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Deanfield, John
    Timmis, Adam
    Jernberg, Tomas
    Hemingway, Harry
    Acute myocardial infarction: a comparison of short-term survival in national outcome registries in Sweden and the UK2014In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 383, no 9925, p. 1305-1312Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background International research for acute myocardial infarction lacks comparisons of whole health systems. We assessed time trends for care and outcomes in Sweden and the UK. Methods We used data from national registries on consecutive patients registered between 2004 and 2010 in all hospitals providing care for acute coronary syndrome in Sweden and the UK. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality 30 days after admission. We compared effectiveness of treatment by indirect casemix standardisation. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01359033. Findings We assessed data for 119 786 patients in Sweden and 391 077 in the UK. 30-day mortality was 7.6% (95% CI 7.4-7.7) in Sweden and 10.5% (10.4-10.6) in the UK. Mortality was higher in the UK in clinically relevant subgroups defined by troponin concentration, ST-segment elevation, age, sex, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus status, and smoking status. In Sweden, compared with the UK, there was earlier and more extensive uptake of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (59% vs 22%) and more frequent use of beta blockers at discharge (89% vs 78%). After casemix standardisation the 30-day mortality ratio for UK versus Sweden was 1.37 (95% CI 1.30-1.45), which corresponds to 11 263 (95% CI 9620-12 827) excess deaths, but did decline over time (from 1.47, 95% CI 1.38-1.58 in 2004 to 1.20, 1.12-1.29 in 2010; p=0.01). Interpretation We found clinically important differences between countries in acute myocardial infarction care and outcomes. International comparisons research might help to improve health systems and prevent deaths.

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  • 20.
    Claesson-Welsh, Lena
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology. Royal Swedish Acad Sci, POB 50005, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hansson, Goran K.
    Royal Swedish Acad Sci, POB 50005, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Tracheobronchial transplantation: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' concerns2016In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 387, no 10022, p. 942-942Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21. Coleman, M P
    et al.
    Forman, D
    Bryant, H
    Butler, J
    Rachet, B
    Maringe, C
    Nur, U
    Tracey, E
    Coory, M
    Hatcher, J
    McGahan, C E
    Turner, D
    Marrett, L
    Gjerstorff, M L
    Johannesen, T B
    Adolfsson, J
    Lambe, M
    Lawrence, G
    Meechan, D
    Morris, E J
    Middleton, R
    Steward, J
    Richards, M A
    Cancer survival in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the UK, 1995-2007 (the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership): an analysis of population-based cancer registry data2011In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 377, no 9760, p. 127-138Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Cancer survival is a key measure of the effectiveness of health-care systems. Persistent regional and international differences in survival represent many avoidable deaths. Differences in survival have prompted or guided cancer control strategies. This is the first study in a programme to investigate international survival disparities, with the aim of informing health policy to raise standards and reduce inequalities in survival.

    METHODS: Data from population-based cancer registries in 12 jurisdictions in six countries were provided for 2·4 million adults diagnosed with primary colorectal, lung, breast (women), or ovarian cancer during 1995-2007, with follow-up to Dec 31, 2007. Data quality control and analyses were done centrally with a common protocol, overseen by external experts. We estimated 1-year and 5-year relative survival, constructing 252 complete life tables to control for background mortality by age, sex, and calendar year. We report age-specific and age-standardised relative survival at 1 and 5 years, and 5-year survival conditional on survival to the first anniversary of diagnosis. We also examined incidence and mortality trends during 1985-2005.

    FINDINGS: Relative survival improved during 1995-2007 for all four cancers in all jurisdictions. Survival was persistently higher in Australia, Canada, and Sweden, intermediate in Norway, and lower in Denmark, England, Northern Ireland, and Wales, particularly in the first year after diagnosis and for patients aged 65 years and older. International differences narrowed at all ages for breast cancer, from about 9% to 5% at 1 year and from about 14% to 8% at 5 years, but less or not at all for the other cancers. For colorectal cancer, the international range narrowed only for patients aged 65 years and older, by 2-6% at 1 year and by 2-3% at 5 years.

    INTERPRETATION: Up-to-date survival trends show increases but persistent differences between countries. Trends in cancer incidence and mortality are broadly consistent with these trends in survival. Data quality and changes in classification are not likely explanations. The patterns are consistent with later diagnosis or differences in treatment, particularly in Denmark and the UK, and in patients aged 65 years and older.

    FUNDING: Department of Health, England; and Cancer Research UK.

  • 22.
    Coll-Seck, Awa
    et al.
    Ministry of State, Dakar, Senegal..
    Clark, Helen
    The Helen Clark Foundation, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Bahl, Rajiv
    Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland..
    Peterson, Stefan
    United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY, USA.
    Costello, Anthony
    University College London, London, United Kingdom.
    Lucas, Tamara
    The Lancet, London, UK..
    Framing an agenda for children thriving in the SDG era: a WHO-UNICEF-Lancet Commission on Child Health and Wellbeing.2019In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 393, no 10167, p. 109-112Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23. Corbacioglu, Selim
    et al.
    Cesaro, Simone
    Faraci, Maura
    Valteau-Couanet, Dominique
    Gruhn, Bernd
    Rovelli, Attilio
    Boelens, Jaap J.
    Hewitt, Annette
    Schrum, Johanna
    Schulz, Ansgar S.
    Mueller, Ingo
    Stein, Jerry
    Wynn, Robert
    Greil, Johann
    Sykora, Karl-Walter
    Matthes-Martin, Susanne
    Fuehrer, Monika
    O'Meara, Anne
    Toporski, Jacek
    Sedlacek, Petr
    Schlegel, Paul G.
    Ehlert, Karoline
    Fasth, Anders
    Winiarski, Jacek
    Arvidson, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatrics.
    Mauz-Koerholz, Christine
    Ozsahin, Hulya
    Schrauder, Andre
    Bader, Peter
    Massaro, Joseph
    D'Agostino, Ralph
    Hoyle, Margaret
    Iacobelli, Massimo
    Debatin, Klaus-Michael
    Peters, Christina
    Dini, Giorgio
    Defibrotide for prophylaxis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in paediatric haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation: an open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial2012In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 379, no 9823, p. 1301-1309Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Hepatic veno-occlusive disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). We aimed to assess whether defibrotide can reduce the incidence of veno-occlusive disease in this setting. Methods In our phase 3 open-label, randomised controlled trial, we enrolled patients at 28 European university hospitals or academic medical centres. Eligible patients were younger than 18 years, had undergone myeloablative conditioning before allogeneic or autologous HSCT, and had one or more risk factor for veno-occlusive disease based on modified Seattle criteria. We centrally assigned eligible participants on the basis of a computer-generated randomisation sequence (1: 1), stratified by centre and presence of osteopetrosis, to receive intravenous defibrotide prophylaxis (treatment group) or not (control group). The primary endpoint was incidence of veno-occlusive disease by 30 days after HSCT, adjudicated by a masked, independent review committee, in eligible patients who consented to randomisation (intention-to-treat population), and was assessed with a competing risk approach. Patients in either group who developed veno-occlusive disease received defibrotide for treatment. We assessed adverse events to 180 days after HSCT in all patients who received allocated prophylaxis. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00272948. Findings Between Jan 25, 2006, and Jan 29, 2009, we enrolled 356 eligible patients to the intention-to-treat population. 22 (12%) of 180 patients randomly allocated to the defibrotide group had veno-occlusive disease by 30 days after HSCT compared with 35 (20%) of 176 controls (risk difference -7.7%, 95% CI -15.3 to -0.1; Z test for competing risk analysis p=0.0488; log-rank test p=0.0507). 154 (87%) of 177 patients in the defibrotide group had adverse events by day 180 compared with 155 (88%) of 176 controls. Interpretation Defibrotide prophylaxis seems to reduce incidence of veno-occlusive disease and is well tolerated. Thus, such prophylaxis could present a useful clinical option for this serious complication of HSCT.

  • 24.
    Costa, Francesco
    et al.
    Univ Hosp Bern, Swiss Cardiovasc Ctr Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.;Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Messina, Policlin G Martino, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Messina, Italy..
    van Klaveren, David
    Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands.;Tufts Med Ctr, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Boston, MA USA..
    James, Stefan K
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Heg, Dik
    Univ Bern, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Bern, Switzerland..
    Raber, Lorenz
    Univ Hosp Bern, Swiss Cardiovasc Ctr Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland..
    Feres, Fausto
    Ist Dante Pazzanese Cardiol, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Pilgrim, Thomas
    Univ Hosp Bern, Swiss Cardiovasc Ctr Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland..
    Hong, Myeong-Ki
    Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Severance Cardiovasc Hosp, Seoul, South Korea.;Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Severance Biomed Sci Inst, Seoul, South Korea..
    Kim, Hyo-Soo
    Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Colombo, Antonio
    EMO GVM Ctr Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy.;Ist Sci San Raffaele, Intervent Cardiol Dept, Milan, Italy..
    Steg, Philippe Gabriel
    Hop Xavier Bichat, AP HP, Dept Cardiol, Paris, France..
    Zanchin, Thomas
    Univ Hosp Bern, Swiss Cardiovasc Ctr Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland..
    Palmerini, Tullio
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Cardiotoracovasc, Bologna, Italy..
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Bhatt, Deepak L.
    Brigham & Womens Hosp, Heart & Vasc Ctr, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA..
    Stone, Gregg W.
    Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA.;Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA..
    Windecker, Stephan
    Univ Hosp Bern, Swiss Cardiovasc Ctr Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland..
    Steyerberg, Ewout W.
    Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Valgimigli, Marco
    Univ Hosp Bern, Swiss Cardiovasc Ctr Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.;Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Derivation and validation of the predicting bleeding complications in patients undergoing stent implantation and subsequent dual antiplatelet therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score: a pooled analysis of individual-patient datasets from clinical trials2017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 389, no 10073, p. 1025-1034Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin plus a P2Y(12) inhibitor prevents ischaemic events after coronary stenting, but increases bleeding. Guidelines support weighting bleeding risk before the selection of treatment duration, but no standardised tool exists for this purpose.

    Methods: A total of 14 963 patients treated with DAPT after coronary stenting-largely consisting of aspirin and clopidogrel and without indication to oral anticoagulation-were pooled at a single-patient level from eight multicentre randomised clinical trials with independent adjudication of events. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we identified predictors of out-of-hospital Thrombosis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major or minor bleeding stratified by trial, and developed a numerical bleeding risk score. The predictive performance of the novel score was assessed in the derivation cohort and validated in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial (n=8595) and BernPCI registry (n=6172). The novel score was assessed within patients randomised to different DAPT durations (n=10 081) to identify the effect on bleeding and ischaemia of a long (12-24 months) or short (3-6 months) treatment in relation to baseline bleeding risk.

    Findings: The PRECISE-DAPT score (age, creatinine clearance, haemoglobin, white-blood-cell count, and previous spontaneous bleeding) showed a c-index for out-of-hospital TIMI major or minor bleeding of 0.73 (95% CI 0.61-0.85) in the derivation cohort, and 0.70 (0.65-0.74) in the PLATO trial validation cohort and 0.66 (0.61-0.71) in the BernPCI registry validation cohort. A longer DAPT duration significantly increased bleeding in patients at high risk (score >= 25), but not in those with lower risk profiles (p(interaction)=0.007), and exerted a significant ischaemic benefit only in this latter group.

    Interpretation: The PRECISE-DAPT score is a simple five-item risk score, which provides a standardised tool for the prediction of out-of-hospital bleeding during DAPT. In the context of a comprehensive clinical evaluation process, this tool can support clinical decision making for treatment duration.

  • 25. Davies, C
    et al.
    Godwin, J
    Gray, R
    Clarke, M
    Cutter, D
    Darby, S
    McGale, P
    Pan, H C
    Taylor, C
    Wang, Y C
    Dowsett, M
    Ingle, J
    Peto, R
    Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials2011In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 378, no 9793, p. 771-784Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: As trials of 5 years of tamoxifen in early breast cancer mature, the relevance of hormone receptor measurements (and other patient characteristics) to long-term outcome can be assessed increasingly reliably. We report updated meta-analyses of the trials of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen.

    METHODS: We undertook a collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data from 20 trials (n=21,457) in early breast cancer of about 5 years of tamoxifen versus no adjuvant tamoxifen, with about 80% compliance. Recurrence and death rate ratios (RRs) were from log-rank analyses by allocated treatment.

    FINDINGS: In oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease (n=10,645), allocation to about 5 years of tamoxifen substantially reduced recurrence rates throughout the first 10 years (RR 0·53 [SE 0·03] during years 0-4 and RR 0·68 [0·06] during years 5-9 [both 2p<0·00001]; but RR 0·97 [0·10] during years 10-14, suggesting no further gain or loss after year 10). Even in marginally ER-positive disease (10-19 fmol/mg cytosol protein) the recurrence reduction was substantial (RR 0·67 [0·08]). In ER-positive disease, the RR was approximately independent of progesterone receptor status (or level), age, nodal status, or use of chemotherapy. Breast cancer mortality was reduced by about a third throughout the first 15 years (RR 0·71 [0·05] during years 0-4, 0·66 [0·05] during years 5-9, and 0·68 [0·08] during years 10-14; p<0·0001 for extra mortality reduction during each separate time period). Overall non-breast-cancer mortality was little affected, despite small absolute increases in thromboembolic and uterine cancer mortality (both only in women older than 55 years), so all-cause mortality was substantially reduced. In ER-negative disease, tamoxifen had little or no effect on breast cancer recurrence or mortality.

    INTERPRETATION: 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen safely reduces 15-year risks of breast cancer recurrence and death. ER status was the only recorded factor importantly predictive of the proportional reductions. Hence, the absolute risk reductions produced by tamoxifen depend on the absolute breast cancer risks (after any chemotherapy) without tamoxifen.

    FUNDING: Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation, and Medical Research Council.

  • 26.
    Dennis, Martin
    et al.
    Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Forbes, John
    Univ Limerick, Hlth Res Inst, Limerick, Ireland.
    Graham, Catriona
    Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh Clin Res Facil, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Hackett, Maree
    Univ New South Wales, George Inst Global Hlth, Kensington, NSW, Australia;Univ Cent Lancashire, Fac Hlth & Wellbeing, Preston, Lancs, England.
    Hankey, Graeme J.
    Univ Western Australia, Med Sch, Perth, WA, Australia.
    House, Allan
    Univ Leeds, Inst Hlth Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
    Lewis, Stephanie
    Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh Clin Trials Unit, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Lundström, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Neurology. Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Solna, Sweden.
    Sandercock, Peter
    Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Mead, Gillian
    Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Anderson, Rosemary
    Buchanan, David
    Deary, Ann
    Drever, Jonathan
    Fraser, Ruth
    Innes, Karen
    McGill, Connor
    McGrath, Aileen
    Perry, David
    Walker, Pauli
    Williams, Carol
    Chun, Yvonne
    Dinsmore, Lynn
    Maschauer, Emma
    Fraser, Greig
    Lawrence, Katherine
    Shaw, Alison
    Barugh, Amanda
    Mikhail, Shadia
    Blair, Gordon
    Hoeritzauer, Ingrid
    Scott, Maggie
    Lewis, Steff
    Williamson, Judith
    Murray, Veronica
    French, Ray
    Stott, David
    Burgess, David
    Emberson, Jonathan
    Ellis, Graham
    Tyrrell, Pippa
    Brady, Marian
    MacLeod, Malcolm
    Milligan, Hazel
    Sullivan, Frank
    van Wijck, Frederike
    Watkins, Caroline
    Anderson, Craig
    Morales, D.
    Langhorne, Peter
    Reid, Fiona
    Rodgers, Helen
    Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial2019In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 393, no 10168, p. 265-274Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Results of small trials indicate that fluoxetine might improve functional outcomes after stroke. The FOCUS trial aimed to provide a precise estimate of these effects.

    Methods FOCUS was a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial done at 103 hospitals in the UK. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older, had a clinical stroke diagnosis, were enrolled and randomly assigned between 2 days and 15 days after onset, and had focal neurological deficits. Patients were randomly allocated fluoxetine 20 mg or matching placebo orally once daily for 6 months via a web-based system by use of a minimisation algorithm. The primary outcome was functional status, measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), at 6 months. Patients, carers, health-care staff, and the trial team were masked to treatment allocation. Functional status was assessed at 6 months and 12 months after randomisation. Patients were analysed according to their treatment allocation. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN83290762.

    Findings Between Sept 10,2012, and March 31,2017,3127 patients were recruited. 1564 patients were allocated fluoxetine and 1563 allocated placebo. mRS data at 6 months were available for 1553 (99.3%) patients in each treatment group. The distribution across mRS categories at 6 months was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (common odds ratio adjusted for minimisation variables 0.951 [95% CI 0.839-1.079]; p=0.439). Patients allocated fluoxetine were less likely than those allocated placebo to develop new depression by 6 months (210 [13.43%] patients vs 269 [17.21%]; difference 3.78% [95% CI 1.26-6.30]; p=0.0033), but they had more bone fractures (45 [2.88%] vs 23 [1.47%]; difference 1.41% [95% CI 0.38-2.43]; p=0.0070). There were no significant differences in any other event at 6 or 12 months.

    Interpretation Fluoxetine 20 mg given daily for 6 months after acute stroke does not seem to improve functional outcomes. Although the treatment reduced the occurrence of depression, it increased the frequency of bone fractures. These results do not support the routine use of fluoxetine either for the prevention of post-stroke depression or to promote recovery of function.

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  • 27.
    Di Cesare, Mariachiara
    et al.
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England.;Middlesex Univ, London N17 8HR, England..
    Bentham, James
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Stevens, Gretchen A.
    WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Zhou, Bin
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Danaei, Goodarz
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Lu, Yuan
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Bixby, Honor
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Cowan, Melanie J.
    WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Riley, Leanne M.
    WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Hajifathalian, Kaveh
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Fortunato, Lea
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Taddei, Cristina
    Univ Florence, Florence, Italy..
    Bennett, James E.
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Ikeda, Nayu
    Natl Inst Hlth & Nutr, Tokyo 162, Japan..
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea..
    Kyobutungi, Catherine
    African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Laxmaiah, Avula
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Li, Yanping
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Lin, Hsien-Ho
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan..
    Miranda, J. Jaime
    Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru..
    Mostafa, Aya
    Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt..
    Turley, Maria L.
    Minist Hlth, Wellington, New Zealand..
    Paciorek, Christopher J.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Gunter, Marc
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Ezzati, Majid
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Abdeen, Ziad A.
    Al Quds Univ, Jerusalem, Israel..
    Hamid, Zargar Abdul
    Ctr Diabet & Endocrine Care, Bengaluru, India..
    Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.
    Birzeit Univ, Bir Zayt, Israel..
    Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin
    Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Rio Grande, Mexico..
    Adams, Robert
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Aekplakorn, Wichai
    Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand..
    Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.
    Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Rio Grande, Mexico..
    Ahmadvand, Alireza
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Ahrens, Wolfgang
    Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Leibniz, Germany..
    Ali, Mohamed M.
    World Hlth Org Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Giza, Egypt..
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Luxembourg, Luxembourg..
    Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain..
    Aly, Eman
    World Hlth Org Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Giza, Egypt..
    Amouyel, Philippe
    Lille Univ & Hosp, Lille, France..
    Amuzu, Antoinette
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Andersen, Lars Bo
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Anderssen, Sigmund A.
    Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, Norway..
    Andrade, Dolores S.
    Univ Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador..
    Anjana, Ranjit Mohan
    Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Ariansen, Inger
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
    Aris, Tahir
    Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Arlappa, Nimmathota
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Arveiler, Dominique
    Strasbourg Univ & Hosp, Strasbourg, France..
    Assah, Felix K.
    Univ Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Avdicova, Maria
    Reg Author Publ Hlth, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia..
    Azizi, Fereidoun
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Babu, Bontha V.
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Balakrishna, Nagalla
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Bandosz, Piotr
    Med Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland..
    Banegas, Jose R.
    Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain..
    Barbagallo, Carlo M.
    Univ Palermo, I-90133 Palermo, Italy..
    Barcelo, Alberto
    Pan Amer Hlth Org, El Paso, TX USA..
    Barkat, Amina
    Univ Mohammed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco..
    Barros, Mauro V.
    Univ Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil..
    Bata, Iqbal
    Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada..
    Batieha, Anwar M.
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Amman, Jordan..
    Batista, Rosangela L.
    Univ Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, Brazil..
    Baur, Louise A.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia..
    Beaglehole, Robert
    Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand..
    Ben Romdhane, Habiba
    Univ Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Benet, Mikhail
    Univ Med Sci, Havana, Cuba..
    Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
    Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru..
    Bernotiene, Gailute
    Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania..
    Bettiol, Heloisa
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor
    BJ Med Coll, New Delhi, India..
    Bharadwaj, Sumit
    Chirayu Med Coll, Bhopal, India..
    Bhargava, Santosh K.
    Sunder Lal Jain Hosp, New Delhi, India..
    Bhatti, Zaid
    Aga Khan Univ, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
    Aga Khan Univ, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Bi, HongSheng
    Shandong Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Jinan, Peoples R China..
    Bi, Yufang
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China..
    Bjerregaard, Peter
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Bjertness, Espen
    Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway..
    Bjertness, Marius B.
    Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway..
    Bjorkelund, Cecilia
    Gothenburg Univ, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Blake, Margaret
    NatCen Social Res, London, England..
    Blokstra, Anneke
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bo, Simona
    Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy..
    Bobak, Martin
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Boddy, Lynne M.
    Liverpool John Moores Univ, Liverpool L3 5UX, Merseyside, England..
    Boehm, Bernhard O.
    Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore 639798, Singapore..
    Boeing, Heiner
    German Inst Human Nutr, Berlin, Germany..
    Boissonnet, Carlos P.
    CEMIC, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Bongard, Vanina
    Toulouse Univ, Sch Med, Toulouse, France..
    Bovet, Pascal
    Minist Hlth, Victoria, Seychelles.;Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Braeckman, Lutgart
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Bragt, Marjolijn C. E.
    FrieslandCampina, Singapore, Singapore..
    Brajkovich, Imperia
    Cent Univ Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela..
    Branca, Francesco
    WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland..
    Breckenkamp, Juergen
    Univ Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany..
    Brenner, Hermann
    German Canc Res Ctr, Berlin, Germany..
    Brewster, Lizzy M.
    Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Brian, Garry R.
    Fred Hollows Fdn New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Bruno, Graziella
    Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy..
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as)
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Bugge, Anna
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Burns, Con
    Cork Inst Technol, Cork, Ireland..
    Cabrera de Leon, Antonio
    Univ La Laguna, E-38207 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain..
    Cacciottolo, Joseph
    Univ Malta, Msida, Malta..
    Cama, Tilema
    Minist Hlth, Nukualofa, Tonga..
    Cameron, Christine
    Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Camolas, Jose
    Hosp Santa Maria, CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Can, Gunay
    Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey..
    Candido, Ana Paula C.
    Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil..
    Capuano, Vincenzo
    Cardiol Mercato S Severino, Mercato San Severino, Italy..
    Cardoso, Viviane C.
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Carvalho, Maria J.
    Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Casanueva, Felipe F.
    Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain..
    Casas, Juan-Pablo
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Caserta, Carmelo A.
    Assoc Calabrese Epatol, Rome, Italy..
    Castetbon, Katia
    French Inst Hlth Surveillance, Lyon, France..
    Chamukuttan, Snehalatha
    India Diabet Res Fdn, New Delhi, India..
    Chan, Angelique W.
    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Chan, Queenie
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Chaturvedi, Himanshu K.
    Natl Inst Med Stat, New Delhi, India..
    Chaturvedi, Nishi
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Chen, Chien-Jen
    Acad Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Chen, Fangfang
    Capital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Chen, Huashuai
    Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA..
    Chen, Shuohua
    Kailuan Gen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Chen, Zhengming
    Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England..
    Cheng, Ching-Yu
    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Chetrit, Angela
    Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Tel Aviv, Israel..
    Chiolero, Arnaud
    Univ Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Chiou, Shu-Ti
    Minist Hlth & Welf, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Chirita-Emandi, Adela
    Victor Babes Univ Med & Pharm, Cluj Napoca, Romania..
    Cho, Yumi
    Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seoul, South Korea..
    Christensen, Kaare
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Chudek, Jerzy
    Med Univ Silesia, Katowice, Poland..
    Cifkova, Renata
    Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic..
    Claessens, Frank
    Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium..
    Clays, Els
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Concin, Hans
    Agcy Prevent & Social Med, Vienna, Austria..
    Cooper, Cyrus
    Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England..
    Cooper, Rachel
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Coppinger, Tara C.
    Cork Inst Technol, Cork, Ireland..
    Costanzo, Simona
    IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Rome, Italy..
    Cottel, Dominique
    Inst Pasteur, Lille, France..
    Cowell, Chris
    Westmead Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Craig, Cora L.
    Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Crujeiras, Ana B.
    CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain..
    D'Arrigo, Graziella
    CNR, Rome, Italy..
    d'Orsi, Eleonora
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Dallongeville, Jean
    Inst Pasteur, Lille, France..
    Damasceno, Albertino
    Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Maputo, Mozambique..
    Damsgaard, Camilla T.
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Dankner, Rachel
    Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Tel Aviv, Israel..
    Dauchet, Luc
    Lille Univ Hosp, Lille, France..
    De Backer, Guy
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    De Bacquer, Dirk
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    de Gaetano, Giovanni
    IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Rome, Italy..
    De Henauw, Stefaan
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    De Smedt, Delphine
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Deepa, Mohan
    Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Deev, Alexander D.
    Natl Res Ctr Prevent Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Dehghan, Abbas
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Delisle, Helene
    Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada..
    Delpeuch, Francis
    Inst Rech Dev, Lyon, France..
    Dhana, Klodian
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F.
    IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Rome, Italy..
    Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares
    Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil..
    Diaz, Alejandro
    Natl Council Sci & Tech Res, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Djalalinia, Shirin
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Do, Ha T. P.
    Natl Inst Nutr, Hanoi, Vietnam..
    Dobson, Annette J.
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia..
    Donfrancesco, Chiara
    Ist Super Sanita, Rome, Italy..
    Doering, Angela
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Doua, Kouamelan
    Minist Sante & Lutte Sida, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire..
    Drygas, Wojciech
    Cardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Warsaw, Poland..
    Egbagbe, Eruke E.
    Univ Benin, Coll Med Sci, Benin, Nigeria..
    Eggertsen, Robert
    Gothenburg Univ, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Ekelund, Ulf
    Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, Norway..
    El Ati, Jalila
    Natl Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Elliott, Paul
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Engle-Stone, Reina
    Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA..
    Erasmus, Rajiv T.
    Univ Stellenbosch, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa..
    Erem, Cihangir
    Karadeniz Tech Univ, Trabzon, Turkey..
    Eriksen, Louise
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge
    Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Rio Grande, Mexico..
    Evans, Alun
    Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland..
    Faeh, David
    Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Fall, Caroline H.
    Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Felix-Redondo, Francisco J.
    Ferguson, Trevor S.
    Univ W Indies, Kingston, Jamaica..
    Fernandez-Berges, Daniel
    Ferrante, Daniel
    Minist Hlth, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Ferrari, Marika
    Council Agr Res & Econ, Rome, Italy..
    Ferreccio, Catterina
    Ferrieres, Jean
    Toulouse Univ, Sch Med, Toulouse, France..
    Finn, Joseph D.
    Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England..
    Fischer, Krista
    Univ Tartu, Tartu, Estonia..
    Monterubio Flores, Eric
    Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Foeger, Bernhard
    Agcy Prevent & Social Med, Vienna, Austria..
    Foo, Leng Huat
    Univ Sains Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia..
    Forslund, Ann-Sofie
    Univ Lulea, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden..
    Fortmann, Stephen P.
    Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Fouad, Heba M.
    Francis, Damian K.
    Franco, Maria do Carmo
    Franco, Oscar H.
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Frontera, Guillermo
    Fuchs, Flavio D.
    Fuchs, Sandra C.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Fujita, Yuki
    Kinki Univ, Fac Med, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577, Japan..
    Furusawa, Takuro
    Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068501, Japan..
    Gaciong, Zbigniew
    Med Univ Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland..
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    Victor Babes Univ Med & Pharm, Cluj Napoca, Romania..
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    Garnett, Sarah P.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia..
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    Univ Hosp Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland..
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    Gates, Louise
    Geleijnse, Johanna M.
    Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Ghasemian, Anoosheh
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Giampaoli, Simona
    Ist Super Sanita, Rome, Italy..
    Gianfagna, Francesco
    Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy..
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    Lille Univ Hosp, Lille, France..
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    Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Goldsmith, Rebecca A.
    Gonzalez Gross, Marcela
    Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain..
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    Andes Clin Cardiometab Studies, Caracas, Venezuela..
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    Natl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & Microbiol, Havana, Cuba..
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    Univ Lille 2, F-59800 Lille, France..
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    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
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    Inst Clin & Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic..
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    Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Warsaw, Poland..
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    Alexander Technol Educ Inst, Athens, Greece..
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    Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada..
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    Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland..
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    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Gruden, Grabriella
    Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy..
    Grujic, Vera
    Inst Publ Hlth Vojvodina, Belgrade, Serbia..
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    Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis, Beijing, Peoples R China..
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    Singapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore..
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    Iceland Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, Iceland..
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    Univ Icesi, Cali, Colombia..
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    Univ Hosp Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland..
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    Gulliford, Martin C.
    Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England..
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    Guo, Xiu H.
    Capital Med Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China..
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    Capital Med Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Gupta, Prakash C.
    Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, New Delhi, India..
    Gureje, Oye
    Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria..
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    Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Warsaw, Poland..
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    Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
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    Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland..
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    Danish Canc Soc Res Ctr, Lyngby, Denmark..
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    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
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    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
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    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.;Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA..
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    Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
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    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico..
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    Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
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    Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Ho, Suzanne C.
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
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    Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia..
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    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
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    Horta, Bernardo L.
    Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil..
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    Univ Oran 1, Oran, Algeria..
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    Htet, Aung Soe
    Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway..
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    Minist Hlth, Naypyidaw, Myanmar..
    Hu, Yonghua
    Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China..
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    Birzeit Univ, Bir Zayt, Israel..
    Huu, Chinh Nguyen
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France..
    Hwalla, Nahla
    Amer Univ Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Iacoviello, Licia
    IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Rome, Italy..
    Iannone, Anna G.
    Cardiol Mercato S Severino, Mercato San Severino, Italy..
    Ibrahim, M. Mohsen
    Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt..
    Ikram, M. Arfan
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Irazola, Vilma E.
    Islam, Muhammad
    Aga Khan Univ, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Iwasaki, Masanori
    Niigata Univ, Niigata 95021, Japan..
    Jackson, Rod T.
    Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand..
    Jacobs, Jeremy M.
    Hadassah Univ, Med Ctr, Tel Aviv, Israel..
    Jafar, Tazeen
    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Jamil, Kazi M.
    Kuwait Inst Scientifi c Res, Kuwait, Kuwait..
    Jamrozik, Konrad
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Jasienska, Grazyna
    Jiang, Chao Qiang
    Guangzhou 12th Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China..
    Joffres, Michel
    Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada..
    Johansson, Mattias
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jorgensen, Torben
    Joshi, Pradeep
    World Hlth Org Country Off, New Delhi, India..
    Juolevi, Anne
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Espoo, Finland..
    Jurak, Gregor
    Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia..
    Juresa, Vesna
    Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia..
    Kaaks, Rudolf
    German Canc Res Ctr, Berlin, Germany..
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    Univ Crete, Iraklion, Greece..
    Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra
    Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Tel Aviv, Israel..
    Kapantais, Efthymios
    Hellen Med Assoc Obes, Iraklion, Greece..
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    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Katz, Joanne
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Kaur, Prabhdeep
    Natl Inst Epidemiol, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Kavousi, Maryam
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Keil, Ulrich
    Univ Munster, Munster, Germany..
    Boker, Lital Keinan
    Univ Haifa, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel..
    Kelishadi, Roya
    Kemper, Han H. C. G.
    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Kengne, Andre P.
    South African Med Res Council, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kersting, Mathilde
    Res Inst Child Nutr FKE, Munich, Germany..
    Key, Timothy
    Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England..
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Amman, Jordan..
    Khalili, Davood
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Khaw, Kay-Tee H.
    Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England..
    Khouw, Ilse M. S. L.
    FrieslandCampina, Singapore, Singapore..
    Kiechl, Stefan
    Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Killewo, Japhet
    Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Tanza, Tanzania..
    Kim, Jeongseon
    Natl Canc Ctr, Seoul, South Korea..
    Kiyohara, Yutaka
    Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan..
    Klimont, Jeannette
    Stat Austria, Vienna, Austria..
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    Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, Norway..
    Kolsteren, Patrick
    Inst Trop Med, Brussels, Belgium..
    Korrovits, Paul
    Tartu Univ Clin, Tartu, Estonia..
    Koskinen, Seppo
    Kouda, Katsuyasu
    Kinki Univ, Fac Med, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577, Japan..
    Koziel, Slawomir
    Polish Acad Sci, Anthropol Unit, Wroclaw, Poland..
    Kratzer, Wolfgang
    Univ Hosp Ulm, Ulm, Germany..
    Krokstad, Steinar
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Oslo, Norway..
    Kromhout, Daan
    Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Kruger, Herculina S.
    North West Univ, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kula, Krzysztof
    Med Univ Lodz, Lodz, Poland..
    Kulaga, Zbigniew
    Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Warsaw, Poland..
    Kumar, R. Krishna
    Amrita Inst Med Sci, Kochi, India..
    Kusuma, Yadlapalli S.
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi 110029, India..
    Kuulasmaa, Kari
    Laamiri, Fatima Zahra
    Univ Mohammed V Rabat, Rabat, Morocco..
    Laatikainen, Tiina
    Lachat, Carl
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Laid, Youcef
    Lam, Tai Hing
    Landrove, Orlando
    Lanska, Vera
    Lappas, Georg
    Sahlgrens Acad, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Laugsand, Lars E.
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Oslo, Norway..
    Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen
    Le, Tuyen D.
    Natl Inst Nutr, Hanoi, Vietnam..
    Leclercq, Catherine
    Food & Agr Org, Rome, Italy..
    Lee, Jeannette
    Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore..
    Lee, Jeonghee
    Natl Canc Ctr, Seoul, South Korea..
    Lehtimaki, Terho
    Tampere Univ Hosp, Tampere, Finland..
    Lekhraj, Rampal
    Univ Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia..
    Leon-Munoz, Luz M.
    Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain..
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    Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore..
    Fernanda Lima-Costa, M.
    Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rene Rachou Res Inst, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil..
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    Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China..
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    Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, Aalborg, Denmark..
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    Gothenburg Univ, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden..
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    Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Lodz, Poland..
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    Capital Med Univ, Beijing Anzhen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
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    Univ Med Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany..
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Eugenio Lozano, Jose
    Consejeria Sanidad Junta Castilla & Leon, Leon, Spain..
    Luksiene, Dalia
    Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania..
    Lundqvist, Annamari
    Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Tampere, Finland..
    Lunet, Nuno
    Univ Porto, Sch Med, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Lytsy, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Ma, Guansheng
    Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China..
    Machi, Suka
    Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan..
    Maggi, Stefania
    CNR, Pisa, Italy..
    Magliano, Dianna J.
    Baker IDI Heart & Diabet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Makdisse, Marcia
    Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
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    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Manios, Yannis
    Harokopio Univ Athens, Athens, Greece..
    Mann, Jim I.
    Univ Otago, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan..
    Manzato, Enzo
    Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy..
    Margozzini, Paula
    Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile..
    Markey, Oonagh
    Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England..
    Marques-Vidal, Pedro
    Univ Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Marrugat, Jaume
    Martin-Prevel, Yves
    Inst Rech Dev, Lyon, France..
    Martorell, Reynaldo
    Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Masoodi, Shariq R.
    Sherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Jammu, India..
    Matsha, Tandi E.
    Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Mazur, Artur
    Univ Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland..
    Mbanya, Jean Claude N.
    Univ Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    McFarlane, Shelly R.
    McGarvey, Stephen T.
    Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA..
    McKee, Martin
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    McLachlan, Stela
    Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland..
    McLean, Rachael M.
    McNulty, Breige A.
    Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland..
    Yusof, Safiah Md
    Univ Teknol MARA, Serdang, Malaysia..
    Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia
    Meirhaeghe, Aline
    Meisinger, Christa
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Mendes, Larissa L.
    Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil..
    Menezes, Ana Maria B.
    Mensink, Gert B. M.
    Robert Koch Inst, Berlin, Germany..
    Meshram, Indrapal I.
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Metspalu, Andres
    Univ Tartu, Ulikooli 18, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia..
    Mi, Jie
    Capital Inst Pediat, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Michaelsen, Kim F.
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Mikkel, Kairit
    Univ Tartu, Ulikooli 18, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia..
    Miller, Jody C.
    Francisco Miquel, Juan
    Jaime Miranda, J.
    Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru..
    Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta
    Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia..
    Mohamed, Mostafa K.
    Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt..
    Mohammad, Kazem
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
    Mohammadifard, Noushin
    Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran..
    Mohan, Viswanathan
    Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
    Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Molbo, Drude
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Moller, Niels C.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Molnar, Denes
    Univ Pecs, Pecs, Hungary..
    Mondo, Charles K.
    Mulago Hosp, Kampala, Uganda..
    Monterrubio, Eric A.
    Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K.
    Univ Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa..
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    Morejon, Alain
    Univ Med Sci, Havana, Cuba..
    Moreno, Luis A.
    Univ Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain..
    Morgan, Karen
    RCSI Dublin, Dublin, Ireland..
    Mortensen, Erik Lykke
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Moschonis, George
    Harokopio Univ Athens, Athens, Greece..
    Mossakowska, Malgorzata
    Mota, Jorge
    Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel
    Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran..
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    Gorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, Panama..
    Mu, Thet Thet
    Muiesan, Maria Lorenza
    Univ Brescia, I-25121 Brescia, Italy..
    Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Murphy, Neil
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Mursu, Jaakko
    Univ Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland..
    Murtagh, Elaine M.
    Mary Immaculate Coll, Limerick, Ireland..
    Musa, Kamarul Imran
    Univ Sains Malaysia, Kota Baharu, Malaysia..
    Musil, Vera
    Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia..
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany..
    Nakamura, Harunobu
    Namesna, Jana
    Reg Author Publ Hlth, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia..
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    Nangia, Vinay B.
    Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
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    Helen Keller Int, Yaounde, Cameroon..
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    Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva
    Nenko, Ilona
    Neovius, Martin
    Karolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nervi, Flavio
    Neuhauser, Hannelore K.
    Nguyen, Nguyen D.
    Univ Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..
    Nguyen, Quang Ngoc
    Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E.
    Ning, Guang
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China..
    Ninomiya, Toshiharu
    Nishtar, Sania
    Heartfile, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Noale, Marianna
    Norat, Teresa
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Noto, Davide
    Univ Palermo, I-90133 Palermo, Italy..
    Al Nsour, Mohannad
    Eastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network, Amman, Jordan..
    O'Reilly, Dermot
    Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M.
    Univ Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador..
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    Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seoul, South Korea..
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    Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Kuwait, Kuwait..
    Anselmo Olinto, Maria Teresa
    Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil..
    Oltarzewski, Maciej
    Omar, Mohd A.
    Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Ordunez, Pedro
    Pan Amer Hlth Org, El Paso, TX USA..
    Ortiz, Ana P.
    Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR USA..
    Osler, Merete
    Osmond, Clive
    MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England..
    Ostojic, Sergej M.
    Univ Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia..
    Otero, Johanna A.
    Overvad, Kim
    Aarhus Univ, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark..
    Paccaud, Fred Michel
    Padez, Cristina
    Univ Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal..
    Pajak, Andrzej
    Palli, Domenico
    Palloni, Alberto
    Univ Madison Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA..
    Palmieri, Luigi
    Ist Super Sanita, Rome, Italy..
    Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
    Panza, Francesco
    Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy..
    Parnell, Winsome R.
    Parsaeian, Mahboubeh
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Pednekar, Mangesh S.
    Peeters, Petra H.
    Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Peixoto, Sergio Viana
    Pereira, Alexandre C.
    Heart Inst InCor, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Perez, Cynthia M.
    Peters, Annette
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Peykari, Niloofar
    Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Pham, Son Thai
    Pigeot, Iris
    Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Leibniz, Germany..
    Pikhart, Hynek
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Pilav, Aida
    Fed Minist Hlth, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg..
    Pilotto, Lorenza
    Pistelli, Francesco
    Univ Hosp Pisa, Pisa, Italy..
    Pitakaka, Freda
    Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Piwonska, Aleksandra
    Cardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Warsaw, Poland..
    Piwonski, Jerzy
    Plans-Rubio, Pedro
    Poh, Bee Koon
    Publ Hlth Agcy Catalonia, Catalonia, Spain..
    Porta, Miquel
    Portegies, Marileen L. P.
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Poulimeneas, Dimitrios
    Pradeepa, Rajendra
    Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Prashant, Mathur
    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
    Price, Jacqueline F.
    Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland..
    Puiu, Maria
    Victor Babes Univ Med & Pharm, Cluj Napoca, Romania..
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    Tartu Univ Clin, Tartu, Estonia..
    Qasrawi, Radwan F.
    Al Quds Univ, Jerusalem, Israel..
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Golestan, Iran..
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    Radic, Ivana
    Inst Publ Hlth Vojvodina, Vojvodina, Serbia..
    Radisauskas, Ricardas
    Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania..
    Rahman, Mahmudur
    Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Raitakari, Olli
    Turku Univ Hosp, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland..
    Raj, Manu
    Rao, Sudha Ramachandra
    Ramachandran, Ambady
    India Diabet Res Fdn, New Delhi, India..
    Ramke, Jacqueline
    Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia..
    Ramos, Rafel
    Rampal, Sanjay
    Univ Malaya, Serdang, Malaysia..
    Rasmussen, Finn
    Redon, Josep
    Univ Valencia, E-46003 Valencia, Spain..
    Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M.
    Univ Philippines, Quezon City 1101, Philippines..
    Ribeiro, Robespierre
    Riboli, Elio
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Rigo, Fernando
    Hlth Ctr San Agustin, Madrid, Spain..
    de Wit, Tobias Floris Rinke
    PharmAccess Fdn, Groningen, Netherlands..
    Ritti-Dias, Raphael M.
    Rivera, Juan A.
    Robinson, Sian M.
    Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England..
    Robitaille, Cynthia
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando
    Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain..
    del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria
    Canarian Hlth Serv, Madrid, Spain..
    Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A.
    Univ Ind Santander, Santander, Colombia..
    Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba
    Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa
    Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand..
    Romaguera, Dora
    CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain..
    Ronkainen, Kimmo
    Rosengren, Annika
    Gothenburg Univ, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Rouse, Ian
    Fiji Natl Univ, Nasinu, Fiji..
    Rubinstein, Adolfo
    Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Ruehli, Frank J.
    Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Rui, Ornelas
    Univ Madeira, Funchal, Portugal..
    Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca
    Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Rio Grande, Mexico..
    Russo Horimoto, Andrea R. V.
    Rutkowski, Marcin
    Med Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland..
    Sabanayagam, Charumathi
    Singapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore..
    Sachdev, Harshpal S.
    Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, New Delhi, India..
    Saidi, Olfa
    Fac Med Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Salanave, Benoit
    French Inst Hlth Surveillance, Lyon, France..
    Salazar Martinez, Eduardo
    Salomaa, Veikko
    Salonen, Jukka T.
    Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland..
    Salvetti, Massimo
    Univ Brescia, I-25121 Brescia, Italy..
    Sanchez-Abanto, Jose
    Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru..
    Sandjaja,
    Sans, Susana
    Catalan Dept Hlth, Madrid, Spain..
    Santos, Diana A.
    Univ Lisbon, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal..
    Santos, Osvaldo
    dos Santos, Renata Nunes
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Santos, Rute
    Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Sardinha, Luis B.
    Univ Lisbon, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal..
    Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
    Saum, Kai-Uwe
    German Canc Res Ctr, Berlin, Germany..
    Savva, Savvas C.
    Res & Educ Inst Child Hlth, Nicosia, Cyprus..
    Scazufca, Marcia
    Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath
    Schargrodsky, Herman
    Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina..
    Schienkiewitz, Anja
    Schmidt, Ida Maria
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Schneider, Ione J.
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Schultsz, Constance
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Schutte, Aletta E.
    MRC North West Univ, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Sein, Aye Aye
    Minist Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand..
    Senbanjo, Idowu O.
    Lagos State Univ, Coll Med, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Shalnova, Svetlana A.
    Natl Res Ctr Prevent Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Shaw, Jonathan E.
    Shibuya, Kenji
    Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, Japan..
    Shin, Youchan
    Shiri, Rahman
    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Espoo, Finland..
    Siantar, Rosalynn
    Sibai, Abla M.
    Silva, Antonio M.
    Univ Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, Brazil.;Univ Fed Santa Catarina, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
    Santos Silva, Diego Augusto
    Simon, Mary
    India Diabet Res Fdn, New Delhi, India..
    Simons, Judith
    St Vincents Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Simons, Leon A.
    Sjostrom, Michael
    Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta
    Med Univ Lodz, Lodz, Poland..
    Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw
    Smeeth, Liam
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Smith, Margaret C.
    Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England..
    Snijder, Marieke B.
    So, Hung-Kwan
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Sobngwi, Eugene
    Univ Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Soderberg, Stefan
    Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden..
    Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E.
    Hlth Polytech Inst, Bandung, Indonesia..
    Solfrizzi, Vincenzo
    Univ Bari, I-70121 Bari, Italy..
    Sonestedt, Emily
    Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.
    Univ Copenhagen, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Soric, Maroje
    Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia..
    Jerome, Charles Sossa
    Soumare, Aicha
    Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France..
    Staessen, Jan A.
    Univ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium..
    Starc, Gregor
    Stathopoulou, Maria G.
    INSERM, F-75654 Paris 13, France..
    Staub, Kaspar
    Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Stavreski, Bill
    Heart Fdn, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Steene-Johannessen, Jostein
    Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Oslo, Norway..
    Stehle, Peter
    Univ Bonn, Bonn, Germany..
    Stein, Aryeh D.
    Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Stergiou, George S.
    Sotiria Hosp, Athina, Greece..
    Stessman, Jochanan
    Stieber, Jutta
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Stoeckl, Doris
    Helmholtz Zentrum mUNCHEN, Munich, Germany..
    Stocks, Tanja
    Stokwiszewski, Jakub
    Natl Inst Hyg, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Warsaw, Poland..
    Stratton, Gareth
    Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    Strufaldi, Maria Wany
    Sun, Chien-An
    Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Sung, Yn-Tz
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Sunyer, Jordi
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain..
    Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul
    Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand..
    Swinburn, Boyd A.
    Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand..
    Sy, Rody G.
    Univ Philippines, Quezon City 1101, Philippines..
    Szponar, Lucjan
    Natl Food & Nutr Inst, Warsaw, Poland..
    Tai, E. Shyong
    Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore..
    Tammesoo, Mari-Liis
    Univ Tartu, Ulikooli 18, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia..
    Tamosiunas, Abdonas
    Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Kaunas, Lithuania..
    Tang, Line
    Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, Odense, Denmark..
    Tang, Xun
    Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China..
    Tanser, Frank
    Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa..
    Tao, Yong
    Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China..
    Tarp, Jakob
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B.
    Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru..
    Taylor, Anne
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia..
    Tchibindat, Felicite
    UNICEF, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Thijs, Lutgarde
    Thuesen, Betina H.
    Tjonneland, Anne
    Danish Canc Soc Res Ctr, Odense, Denmark..
    Tolonen, Hanna K.
    Tolstrup, Janne S.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Topbas, Murat
    Karadeniz Tech Univ, Ankara, Turkey..
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Jagiellonian Univ, Coll Med, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland..
    Torrent, Maties
    Traissac, Pierre
    Inst Rech Dev, Lyon, France..
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Alexander Technol Educ Inst, Athens, Greece..
    Trinh, Oanh T. H.
    Trivedi, Atul
    Govt Med Coll, New Delhi, India..
    Tshepo, Lechaba
    Sefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.
    Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
    Tuomilehto, Jaakko
    Dasman Diabet Inst, Kuwait, Kuwait. Minist Hlth, Hamilton, New Zealand..
    Tynelius, Per
    Karolinska Inst, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Tzotzas, Themistoklis
    Hellen Med Assoc Obes, Athens, Greece..
    Tzourio, Christophe
    Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France..
    Ueda, Peter
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Ukoli, Flora A. M.
    Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN USA..
    Ulmer, Hanno
    Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Unal, Belgin
    Dokuz Eylul Univ, TR-35210 Alsancak, Turkey..
    Valdivia, Gonzalo
    Vale, Susana
    Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal..
    Valvi, Damaskini
    Harvard Univ, TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    van der Schouw, Yvonne T.
    Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Van Herck, Koen
    Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium..
    Minh, Hoang Van
    van Valkengoed, Irene G. M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Vanderschueren, Dirk
    Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium..
    Vanuzzo, Diego
    Ctr Prevenz Cardiovasc Udine, Udine, Italy..
    Vatten, Lars
    Vega, Tomas
    Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Veronesi, Giovanni
    Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy..
    Verschuren, W. M. Monique
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Viegi, Giovanni
    Viet, Lucie
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Viikari-Juntura, Eira
    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland..
    Vineis, Paolo
    Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England..
    Vioque, Jesus
    Univ Miguel Hernandez, Madrid, Spain..
    Virtanen, Jyrki K.
    Visvikis-Siest, Sophie
    INSERM, F-75654 Paris 13, France..
    Viswanathan, Bharathi
    Minist Hlth, Victoria, Seychelles..
    Vollenweider, Peter
    Univ Lausanne Hosp, Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Voutilainen, Sari
    Vrijheid, Martine
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol, Madrid, Spain..
    Wade, Alisha N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Wagner, Aline
    Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France..
    Walton, Janette
    Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland..
    Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan
    Inst Med Res, Serdang, Malaysia..
    Wang, Ming-Dong
    Wang, Qian
    Xinjiang Med Univ, Xinjiang, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Ya Xing
    Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Wannamethee, S. Goya
    UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England..
    Wareham, Nicholas
    Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England..
    Weerasekera, Deepa
    Minist Hlth, Hamilton, New Zealand..
    Whincup, Peter H.
    Univ London, London WC1E 7HU, England..
    Widhalm, Kurt
    Med Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria..
    Widyahening, Indah S.
    Univ Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia..
    Wiecek, Andrzej
    Med Univ Silesia, Katowice, Poland..
    Wilks, Rainford J.
    Willeit, Johann
    Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria..
    Wojtyniak, Bogdan
    Wong, Jyh Eiin
    Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia..
    Wong, Tien Yin
    Duke NUS Grad Med Sch, Singapore, Singapore..
    Woo, Jean
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Woodward, Mark
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.;Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England..
    Wu, Frederick C.
    Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England..
    Wu, JianFeng
    Shandong Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Jinan, Peoples R China..
    Wu, Shou Ling
    Kailuan Gen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Haiquan
    Minist Agr, Inst Food & Nutr Dev, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Liang
    Capital Med Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Yamborisut, Uruwan
    Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand..
    Yan, Weili
    Fudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Yang, Xiaoguang
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Yardim, Nazan
    Minist Hlth, Ankara, Turkey..
    Ye, Xingwang
    Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Yiallouros, Panayiotis K.
    Cyprus Univ Technol, Limassol, Cyprus..
    Yoshihara, Akihiro
    Niigata Univ, Niigata 95021, Japan..
    You, Qi Sheng
    Younger-Coleman, Novie O.
    Yusoff, Ahmad F.
    Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
    Zainuddin, Ahmad A.
    Univ Teknol MARA, Serdang, Malaysia..
    Zambon, Sabina
    Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy..
    Zdrojewski, Tomasz
    Med Univ Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland..
    Zeng, Yi
    Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA.;Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China..
    Zhao, Dong
    Capital Med Univ, Beijing Anzhen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Zhao, Wenhua
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Zheng, Yingfeng
    Singapore Eye Res Inst, Singapore, Singapore..
    Zhou, Maigeng
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Zhu, Dan
    Inner Mongolia Med Univ, Inner Mongolia, Peoples R China..
    Zimmermann, Esther
    Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark.;Frederiksberg Univ Hosp, Frederiksberg, Denmark..
    Zuniga Cisneros, Julio
    Gorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, Panama City, Panama..
    Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants2016In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 387, no 10026, p. 1377-1396Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries.

    Methods We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18.5 kg/m(2) [underweight], 18.5 kg/m(2) to <20 kg/m(2), 20 kg/m(2) to <25 kg/m(2), 25 kg/m(2) to <30 kg/m(2), 30 kg/m(2) to <35 kg/m(2), 35 kg/m(2) to <40 kg/m(2), = 40 kg/m(2) [morbid obesity]), by sex in 200 countries and territories, organised in 21 regions. We calculated the posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue.

    Findings We used 1698 population-based data sources, with more than 19.2 million adult participants (9.9 million men and 9.3 million women) in 186 of 200 countries for which estimates were made. Global age-standardised mean BMI increased from 21.7 kg/m(2) (95% credible interval 21.3-22.1) in 1975 to 24.2 kg/m(2) (24.0-24.4) in 2014 in men, and from 22.1 kg/m(2) (21.7-22.5) in 1975 to 24.4 kg/m(2) (24.2-24.6) in 2014 in women. Regional mean BMIs in 2014 for men ranged from 21.4 kg/m(2) in central Africa and south Asia to 29.2 kg/m(2) (28.6-29.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia; for women the range was from 21.8 kg/m(2) (21.4-22.3) in south Asia to 32.2 kg/m(2) (31.5-32.8) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Over these four decades, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight decreased from 13.8% (10.5-17.4) to 8.8% (7.4-10.3) in men and from 14.6% (11.6-17.9) to 9.7% (8.3-11.1) in women. South Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight in 2014, 23.4% (17.8-29.2) in men and 24.0% (18.9-29.3) in women. Age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 3.2% (2.4-4.1) in 1975 to 10.8% (9.7-12.0) in 2014 in men, and from 6.4% (5.1-7.8) to 14.9% (13.6-16.1) in women. 2.3% (2.0-2.7) of the world's men and 5.0% (4.4-5.6) of women were severely obese (ie, have BMI = 35 kg/m(2)). Globally, prevalence of morbid obesity was 0.64% (0.46-0.86) in men and 1.6% (1.3-1.9) in women.

    Interpretation If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global obesity target is virtually zero. Rather, if these trends continue, by 2025, global obesity prevalence will reach 18% in men and surpass 21% in women; severe obesity will surpass 6% in men and 9% in women. Nonetheless, underweight remains prevalent in the world's poorest regions, especially in south Asia.

  • 28. Dick, Katherine J.
    et al.
    Nelson, Christopher P.
    Tsaprouni, Loukia
    Sandling, Johanna K.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine.
    Aissi, Dylan
    Wahl, Simone
    Meduri, Eshwar
    Morange, Pierre-Emmanuel
    Gagnon, France
    Grallert, Harald
    Waldenberger, Melanie
    Peters, Annette
    Erdmann, Jeanette
    Hengstenberg, Christian
    Cambien, Francois
    Goodall, Alison H.
    Ouwehand, Willem H.
    Schunkert, Heribert
    Thompson, John R.
    Spector, Tim D.
    Gieger, Christian
    Tregout, David-Alexandre
    Deloukas, Panos
    Samani, Nilesh J.
    DNA methylation and body-mass index: a genome-wide analysis2014In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 383, no 9933, p. 1990-1998Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Obesity is a major health problem that is determined by interactions between lifestyle and environmental and genetic factors. Although associations between several genetic variants and body-mass index (BMI) have been identified, little is known about epigenetic changes related to BMI. We undertook a genome-wide analysis of methylation at CpG sites in relation to BMI. Methods 479 individuals of European origin recruited by the Cardiogenics Consortium formed our discovery cohort. We typed their whole-blood DNA with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 array. After quality control, methylation levels were tested for association with BMI. Methylation sites showing an association with BMI at a false discovery rate q value of 0.05 or less were taken forward for replication in a cohort of 339 unrelated white patients of northern European origin from the MARTHA cohort. Sites that remained significant in this primary replication cohort were tested in a second replication cohort of 1789 white patients of European origin from the KORA cohort. We examined whether methylation levels at identified sites also showed an association with BMI in DNA from adipose tissue (n=635) and skin (n=395) obtained from white female individuals participating in the MuTHER study. Finally, we examined the association of methylation at BMI-associated sites with genetic variants and with gene expression. Findings 20 individuals from the discovery cohort were excluded from analyses after quality-control checks, leaving 459 participants. After adjustment for covariates, we identified an association (q value <= 0.05) between methylation at five probes across three different genes and BMI. The associations with three of these probes-cg22891070, cg27146050, and cg16672562, all of which are in intron 1 of HIF3A-were confirmed in both the primary and second replication cohorts. For every 0.1 increase in methylation beta value at cg22891070, BMI was 3.6% (95% CI 2.4-4.9) higher in the discovery cohort, 2.7% (1.2-4.2) higher in the primary replication cohort, and 0.8% (0.2-1.4) higher in the second replication cohort. For the MuTHER cohort, methylation at cg22891070 was associated with BMI in adipose tissue (p=1.72 x 10(-5)) but not in skin (p=0.882). We observed a significant inverse correlation (p=0.005) between methylation at cg22891070 and expression of one HIF3A gene-expression probe in adipose tissue. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms-rs8102595 and rs3826795-had independent associations with methylation at cg22891070 in all cohorts. However, these single nucleotide polymorphisms were not significantly associated with BMI. Interpretation Increased BMI in adults of European origin is associated with increased methylation at the HIF3A locus in blood cells and in adipose tissue. Our findings suggest that perturbation of hypoxia inducible transcription factor pathways could have an important role in the response to increased weight in people.

  • 29. Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaboration, EBCTCG
    Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials2011In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 378, no 9804, p. 1707-1716Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:After breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy reduces recurrence and breast cancer death, but it may do so more for some groups of women than for others. We describe the absolute magnitude of these reductions according to various prognostic and other patient characteristics, and relate the absolute reduction in 15-year risk of breast cancer death to the absolute reduction in 10-year recurrence risk. 

    Methods We undertook a meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials of radiotherapy versus no radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery, 8337 of whom had pathologically confirmed node-negative (pN0) or node-positive (pN+) disease. 

    Findings Overall, radiotherapy reduced the 10-year risk of any (ie, locoregional or distant) first recurrence from 35.0% to 19.3% (absolute reduction 15.7%, 95% CI 13.7-17.7, 2p<0.00001) and reduced the 15-year risk of breast cancer death from 25.2% to 21.4% (absolute reduction 3.8%, 1.6-6.0, 2p=0.00005). In women with pN0 disease (n=7287), radiotherapy reduced these risks from 31.0% to 15.6% (absolute recurrence reduction 15.4%, 13.2-17.6, 2p<0.00001) and from 20.5% to 17.2% (absolute mortality reduction 3.3%, 0.8-5.8, 2p=0.005), respectively. In these women with pN0 disease, the absolute recurrence reduction varied according to age, grade, oestrogen-receptor status, tamoxifen use, and extent of surgery, and these characteristics were used to predict large (>= 20%), intermediate (10-19%), or lower (<10%) absolute reductions in the 10-year recurrence risk. Absolute reductions in 15-year risk of breast cancer death in these three prediction categories were 7.8% (95% CI 3.1-12.5), 1.1% (-2.0 to 4.2), and 0.1% (-7.5 to 7.7) respectively (trend in absolute mortality reduction 2p=0.03). In the few women with pN+ disease (n=1050), radiotherapy reduced the 10-year recurrence risk from 63.7% to 42.5% (absolute reduction 21.2%, 95% CI 14.5-27.9, 2p<0.00001) and the 15-year risk of breast cancer death from 51.3% to 42.8% (absolute reduction 8.5%, 1.8-15.2, 2p=0.01). Overall, about one breast cancer death was avoided by year 15 for every four recurrences avoided by year 10, and the mortality reduction did not differ significantly from this overall relationship in any of the three prediction categories for pN0 disease or for pN+ disease. 

    Interpretation After breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy to the conserved breast halves the rate at which the disease recurs and reduces the breast cancer death rate by about a sixth. These proportional benefits vary little between different groups of women. By contrast, the absolute benefits from radiotherapy vary substantially according to the characteristics of the patient and they can be predicted at the time when treatment decisions need to be made.

  • 30. Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group, EBCTCG
    Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials2011In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 378, p. 771-784Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background As trials of 5 years of tamoxifen in early breast cancer mature, the relevance of hormone receptor measurements (and other patient characteristics) to long-term outcome can be assessed increasingly reliably. We report updated meta-analyses of the trials of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen.

    Methods We undertook a collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data from 20 trials (n=21457) in early breast cancer of about 5 years of tamoxifen versus no adjuvant tamoxifen, with about 80% compliance. Recurrence and death rate ratios (RRs) were from log-rank analyses by allocated treatment. 

    Findings In oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease (n=10 645), allocation to about 5 years of tamoxifen substantially reduced recurrence rates throughout the first 10 years (RR 0.53 [SE 0.03] during years 0-4 and RR 0.68 [0.06] during years 5-9 [both 2p<0.00001]; but RR 0.97 [0.10] during years 10-14, suggesting no further gain or loss after year 10). Even in marginally ER-positive disease (10-19 fmol/mg cytosol protein) the recurrence reduction was substantial (RR 0.67 [0.08]). In ER-positive disease, the RR was approximately independent of progesterone receptor status (or level), age, nodal status, or use of chemotherapy. Breast cancer mortality was reduced by about a third throughout the first 15 years (RR 0.71 [0.05] during years 0-4, 0.66 [0.05] during years 5-9, and 0.68 [0.08] during years 10-14; p<0.0001 for extra mortality reduction during each separate time period). Overall non-breast-cancer mortality was little affected, despite small absolute increases in thromboembolic and uterine cancer mortality (both only in women older than 55 years), so all-cause mortality was substantially reduced. In ER-negative disease, tamoxifen had little or no effect on breast cancer recurrence or mortality. Interpretation 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen safely reduces 15-year risks of breast cancer recurrence and death. ER status was the only recorded factor importantly predictive of the proportional reductions. Hence, the absolute risk reductions produced by tamoxifen depend on the absolute breast cancer risks (after any chemotherapy) without tamoxifen.

  • 31. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Group, (EBCTCG)
    et al.
    Darby, S
    McGale, P
    Correa, C
    Taylor, C
    Arriagada, R
    Clarke, M
    Cutter, D
    Davie, C
    Ewertz, M
    Godwin, J
    Gray, R
    Pierce, L
    Whelan, T
    Wang, Y
    Peto, R
    Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient daga for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials.2011In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 378, no 9804, p. 1707-1716Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background After breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy reduces recurrence and breast cancer death, but it may do so more for some groups of women than for others. We describe the absolute magnitude of these reductions according to various prognostic and other patient characteristics, and relate the absolute reduction in 15-year risk of breast cancer death to the absolute reduction in 10-year recurrence risk. Methods We undertook a meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10 801 women in 17 randomised trials of radiotherapy versus no radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery, 8337 of whom had pathologically confirmed node-negative (pN0) or node-positive (pN+) disease. Findings Overall, radiotherapy reduced the 10-year risk of any (ie, locoregional or distant) first recurrence from 35.0% to 19.3% (absolute reduction 15.7%, 95% CI 13.7-17.7, 2p<0.00001) and reduced the 15-year risk of breast cancer death from 25.2% to 21.4% (absolute reduction 3.8%, 1.6-6.0, 2p=0.00005). In women with pN0 disease (n=7287), radiotherapy reduced these risks from 31.0% to 15.6% (absolute recurrence reduction 15.4%, 13.2-17.6, 2p<0.00001) and from 20.5% to 17.2% (absolute mortality reduction 3.3%, 0.8-5.8, 2p=0.005), respectively. In these women with pN0 disease, the absolute recurrence reduction varied according to age, grade, oestrogen-receptor status, tamoxifen use, and extent of surgery, and these characteristics were used to predict large (>= 20%), intermediate (10-19%), or lower (<10%) absolute reductions in the 10-year recurrence risk. Absolute reductions in 15-year risk of breast cancer death in these three prediction categories were 7.8% (95% CI 3.1-12.5), 1.1% (-2.0 to 4.2), and 0.1% (-7.5 to 7.7) respectively (trend in absolute mortality reduction 2p=0.03). In the few women with pN+ disease (n=1050), radiotherapy reduced the 10-year recurrence risk from 63.7% to 42.5% (absolute reduction 21.2%, 95% CI 14.5-27.9, 2p<0.00001) and the 15-year risk of breast cancer death from 51.3% to 42.8% (absolute reduction 8.5%, 1.8-15.2, 2p=0.01). Overall, about one breast cancer death was avoided by year 15 for every four recurrences avoided by year 10, and the mortality reduction did not differ significantly from this overall relationship in any of the three prediction categories for pN0 disease or for pN+ disease. Interpretation After breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy to the conserved breast halves the rate at which the disease recurs and reduces the breast cancer death rate by about a sixth. These proportional benefits vary little between different groups of women. By contrast, the absolute benefits from radiotherapy vary substantially according to the characteristics of the patient and they can be predicted at the time when treatment decisions need to be made.

  • 32.
    Ekman, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Mallmin, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Ljunghall, Sverker
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    External hip protectors to prevent osteoporotic hip fractures1997In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 350, no 9077, p. 563-4Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Eriksson, Margaretha
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology.
    Tibblin, Gösta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology.
    Cnattingius, Sven
    Low birthweight and ischaemic heart disease1994In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 343, no 8899, p. 731-731Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Erlinge, David
    et al.
    Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden..
    Maehara, Akiko
    Columbia Univ, Irving Med Ctr, NewYork Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA.;Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA..
    Ben-Yehuda, Ori
    Columbia Univ, Irving Med Ctr, NewYork Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA.;Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA..
    Bötker, Hans Erik
    Aarhus Univ Hosp, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Maeng, Michael
    Aarhus Univ Hosp, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Kjöller-Hansen, Lars
    Univ Hosp, Roskilde, Denmark..
    Engström, Thomas
    Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Matsumura, Mitsuaki
    Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA..
    Crowley, Aaron
    Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA..
    Dressler, Ovidiu
    Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA..
    Mintz, Gary S.
    Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA..
    Fröbert, Ole
    Örebro Univ, Fac Hlth, Örebro, Sweden..
    Persson, Jonas
    Wiseth, Rune
    Trondheim Reg & Univ Hosp, St Olavs Hosp, Trondheim, Norway..
    Larsen, Alf Inge
    Stavanger Univ Hosp, Stavanger, Norway..
    Jensen, Lisette Okkels
    Odense Univ Hosp, Odense, Denmark..
    Nordrehaug, Jan Erik
    Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway..
    Bleie, Öyvind
    Haukeland Hosp, Bergen, Norway..
    Omerovic, Elmir
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Held, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR). Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    James, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Ali, Ziad A.
    Columbia Univ, Irving Med Ctr, NewYork Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA.;Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA..
    Muller, James E.
    Brigham & Womens Hosp, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Stone, Gregg W.
    Cardiovasc Res Fdn, New York, NY USA.;Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Zena & Michael A Wiener Cardiovasc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA..
    Christersson, Christina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Sarno, Giovanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Identification of vulnerable plaques and patients by intracoronary near-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound (PROSPECT II): a prospective natural history study2021In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 397, no 10278, p. 985-995Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound are promising imaging modalities to identify non-obstructive plaques likely to cause coronary-related events. We aimed to assess whether combined NIRS and intravascular ultrasound can identify high-risk plaques and patients that are at risk for future major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).

    Methods: PROSPECT II is an investigator-sponsored, multicentre, prospective natural history study done at 14 university hospitals and two community hospitals in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. We recruited patients of any age with recent (within past 4 weeks) myocardial infarction. After treatment of all flow-limiting coronary lesions, three-vessel imaging was done with a combined NIRS and intravascular ultrasound catheter. Untreated lesions (also known as non-culprit lesions) were identified by intravascular ultrasound and their lipid content was assessed by NIRS. The primary outcome was the covariate-adjusted rate of MACEs (the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or progressive angina) arising from untreated non-culprit lesions during follow-up. The relations between plaques with high lipid content, large plaque burden, and small lumen areas and patient-level and lesion-level events were determined. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02171065.

    Findings: Between June 10, 2014, and Dec 20, 2017, 3629 non-culprit lesions were characterised in 898 patients (153 [17%] women, 745 [83%] men; median age 63 [IQR 55-70] years). Median follow-up was 3.7 (IQR 3.0-4.4) years. Adverse events within 4 years occurred in 112 (13.2%, 95% CI 11.0-15.6) of 898 patients, with 66 (8.0%, 95% CI 6.2-10.0) arising from 78 untreated non-culprit lesions (mean baseline angiographic diameter stenosis 46.9% [SD 15.9]). Highly lipidic lesions (851 [24%] of 3500 lesions, present in 520 [59%] of 884 patients) were an independent predictor of patient-level non-culprit lesion-related MACEs (adjusted odds ratio 2.27, 95% CI 1.25-4.13) and nonculprit lesion-specific MACEs (7.83, 4.12-14.89). Large plaque burden (787 [22%] of 3629 lesions, present in 530 [59%] of 898 patients) was also an independent predictor of non-culprit lesion-related MACEs. Lesions with both large plaque burden by intravascular ultrasound and large lipid-rich cores by NIRS had a 4-year non-culprit lesion-related MACE rate of 7.0% (95% CI 4.0-10.0). Patients in whom one or more such lesions were identified had a 4-year non-culprit lesion-related MACE rate of 13.2% (95% CI 9.4-17.6).

    Interpretation: Combined NIRS and intravascular ultrasound detects angiographically non-obstructive lesions with a high lipid content and large plaque burden that are at increased risk for future adverse cardiac outcomes.

  • 35. Farooq, Vasim
    et al.
    van Klaveren, David
    Steyerberg, Ewout W.
    Meliga, Emanuele
    Vergouwe, Yvonne
    Chieffo, Alaide
    Kappetein, Arie Pieter
    Colombo, Antonio
    Holmes, David R., Jr.
    Mack, Michael
    Feldman, Ted
    Morice, Marie-Claude
    Ståhle, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Thoracic Surgery.
    Onuma, Yoshinobu
    Morel, Marie-angele
    Garcia-Garcia, Hector M.
    van Es, Gerrit Anne
    Dawkins, Keith D.
    Mohr, Friedrich W.
    Serruys, Patrick W.
    Anatomical and clinical characteristics to guide decision making between coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention for individual patients: development and validation of SYNTAX score II2013In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 381, no 9867, p. 639-650Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background The anatomical SYNTAX score is advocated in European and US guidelines as an instrument to help clinicians decide the optimum revascularisation method in patients with complex coronary artery disease. The absence of an individualised approach and of clinical variables to guide decision making between coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are limitations of the SYNTAX score. SYNTAX score II aimed to overcome these limitations. Methods SYNTAX score II was developed by applying a Cox proportional hazards model to results of the randomised all comers SYNTAX trial (n=1800). Baseline features with strong associations to 4-year mortality in either the CABG or the PCI settings (interactions), or in both (predictive accuracy), were added to the anatomical SYNTAX score. Comparisons of 4-year mortality predictions between CABG and PCI were made for each patient. Discriminatory performance was quantified by concordance statistics and internally validated with bootstrap resampling. External validation was done in the multinational all comers DELTA registry (n=2891), a heterogeneous population that included patients with three-vessel disease (26%) or complex coronary artery disease (anatomical SYNTAX score >= 33, 30%) who underwent CABG or PCI. The SYNTAX trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00114972. Findings SYNTAX score II contained eight predictors: anatomical SYNTAX score, age, creatinine clearance, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), presence of unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease, peripheral vascular disease, female sex, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). SYNTAX score II significantly predicted a difference in 4-year mortality between patients undergoing CABG and those undergoing PCI (p(interaction) 0.0037). To achieve similar 4-year mortality after CABG or PCI, younger patients, women, and patients with reduced LVEF required lower anatomical SYNTAX scores, whereas older patients, patients with ULMCA disease, and those with COPD, required higher anatomical SYNTAX scores. Presence of diabetes was not important for decision making between CABG and PCI (p(interaction) 0.67). SYNTAX score II discriminated well in all patients who underwent CABG or PCI, with concordance indices for internal (SYNTAX trial) validation of 0.725 and for external (DELTA registry) validation of 0.716, which were substantially higher than for the anatomical SYNTAX score alone (concordance indices of 0.567 and 0.612, respectively). A nomogram was constructed that allowed for an accurate individualised prediction of 4-year mortality in patients proposing to undergo CABG or PCI. Interpretation Long-term (4-year) mortality in patients with complex coronary artery disease can be well predicted by a combination of anatomical and clinical factors in SYNTAX score II. SYNTAX score II can better guide decision making between CABG and PCI than the original anatomical SYNTAX score.

  • 36.
    Fellström, Bengt
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Renal Medicine.
    Barratt, Jonathan
    Univ Leicester, Dept Infect Immun & Inflammat, Leicester, Leics, England; Leicester Gen Hosp, John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester, Leics, England; Hlth Educ East Midlands, Postgrad Specialty Sch Clin Acad Training, Leicester, Leics, England.
    Flöge, Jürgen
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Med Klin 2, Aachen, Germany.
    Jardine, Alan
    Univ Glasgow, Inst Cardiovasc & Med Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Glasgow Renal Transplant Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
    Targeted-release budesonide therapy for IgA nephropathy - Authors' reply.2017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 390, no 10113, p. 2625-2626Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Fellström, Bengt C.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Renal Medicine.
    Barratt, Jonathan
    Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England..
    Cook, Heather
    PharmaL Consulting AB, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Coppo, Rosanna
    Regina Margherita Hosp, Fdn Ric Molinette, Turin, Italy..
    Feehally, John
    Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England..
    de Fijter, Johan W.
    Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands..
    Floege, Jürgen
    Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Aachen, Germany..
    Hetzel, Gerd
    HeinrichHeine Univ, DaVita Renal Ctr, Dusseldorf, Germany..
    Jardine, Alan G.
    Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland..
    Locatelli, Francesco
    Osped A Manzoni, Lecce, Italy..
    Maes, Bart D.
    AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium..
    Mercer, Alex
    Pharmalink AB, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Ortiz, Fernanda
    Helsinki Univ Hosp, Helsinki, Finland..
    Praga, Manuel
    Univ Complutense Madrid, Investigat Inst Hosp Octubre 12, Madrid, Spain..
    Sorensen, Soren S.
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Tesar, Vladimir
    Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic..
    Del Vecchio, Lucia
    Osped A Manzoni, Lecce, Italy..
    Targeted-release budesonide versus placebo in patients with IgA nephropathy (NEFIGAN): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial2017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 389, no 10084, p. 2117-2127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: IgA nephropathy is thought to be associated with mucosal immune system dysfunction, which manifests as renal IgA deposition that leads to impairment and end-stage renal disease in 20-40% of patients within 10-20 years. In this trial (NEFIGAN) we aimed to assess safety and efficacy of a novel targeted-release formulation of budesonide (TRF-budesonide), designed to deliver the drug to the distal ileum in patients with IgA nephropathy.

    Methods: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial, comprised of 6-month run-in, 9-month treatment, and 3-month follow-up phases at 62 nephrology clinics across ten European countries. We recruited patients aged at least 18 years with biopsy-confirmed primary IgA nephropathy and persistent proteinuria despite optimised renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade. We randomly allocated patients with a computer algorithm, with a fixed block size of three, in a 1:1:1 ratio to 16 mg/day TRF-budesonide, 8 mg/day TRF-budesonide, or placebo, stratified by baseline urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR). Patients self-administered masked capsules, once daily, 1 h before breakfast during the treatment phase. All patients continued optimised RAS blockade treatment throughout the trial. Our primary outcome was mean change from baseline in UPCR for the 9-month treatment phase, which was assessed in the full analysis set, defined as all randomised patients who took at least one dose of trial medication and had at least one post-dose efficacy measurement. Safety was assessed in all patients who received the intervention. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01738035.

    Findings: Between Dec 11, 2012, and June 25, 2015, 150 randomised patients were treated (safety set) and 149 patients were eligible for the full analysis set. Overall, at 9 months TRF-budesonide (16 mg/day plus 8 mg/day) was associated with a 24.4% (SEM 7.7%) decrease from baseline in mean UPCR (change in UPCR vs placebo 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.94; p=0.0066). At 9 months, mean UPCR had decreased by 27.3% in 48 patients who received 16 mg/day (0.71; 0.53-0.94; p=0.0092) and 21.5% in the 51 patients who received 8 mg/day (0.76; 0.58-1.01; p=0.0290); 50 patients who received placebo had an increase in mean UPCR of 2.7%. The effect was sustained throughout followup. Incidence of adverse events was similar in all groups (43 [88%] of 49 in the TRF-budesonide 16 mg/day group, 48 [94%] of 51 in the TRF-budesonide 8 mg/day, and 42 [84%] of 50 controls). Two of 13 serious adverse events were possibly associated with TRF-budesonide-deep vein thrombosis (16 mg/day) and unexplained deterioration in renal function in follow-up (patients were tapered from 16 mg/day to 8 mg/day over 2 weeks and follow-up was assessed 4 weeks later).

    Interpretation: TRF-budesonide 16 mg/day, added to optimised RAS blockade, reduced proteinuria in patients with IgA nephropathy. This effect is indicative of a reduced risk of future progression to end-stage renal disease. TRF-budesonide could become the first specific treatment for IgA nephropathy targeting intestinal mucosal immunity upstream of disease manifestation.

  • 38.
    Figtree, Gemma A.
    et al.
    Royal North Shore Hosp, Kolling Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Royal North Shore Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Vernon, Stephen T.
    Royal North Shore Hosp, Kolling Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Charles Perkins Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Royal North Shore Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Hadziosmanovic, Nermin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. UNSW Sydney, George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Alfredsson, Joakim
    Linköping Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Linköping, Sweden.
    Arnott, Clare
    UNSW Sydney, George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Delatour, Vincent
    Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, Paris, France.
    Leosdottir, Margret
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Fac Med, Malmö, Sweden.
    Hagström, Emil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Mortality in STEMI patients without standard modifiable risk factors: a sex-disaggregated analysis of SWEDEHEART registry data2021In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 397, no 10279, p. 1085-1094Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background In cardiovascular disease, prevention strategies targeting standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs; hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, and smoking) are crucial; however, myocardial infarction in the absence of SMuRFs is not infrequent. The outcomes of individuals without SMuRFs are not well known.

    Methods We retrospectively analysed adult patients with first-presentation ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using data from the Swedish myocardial infarction registry SWEDEHEART. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult patients (age >= 18 years) with and without SMuRFs were examined overall and by sex. Patients with a known history of coronary artery disease were excluded. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days after STEMI presentation. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular mortality, heart failure, and myocardial infarction at 30 days. Endpoints were also examined up to discharge, and to the end of a 12-year follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare in-hospital mortality, and Cox-proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier analysis for long-term outcomes.

    Findings Between Jan 1, 2005, and May 25, 2018, 9228 (14.9%) of 62 048 patients with STEMI had no SMuRFs reaching diagnostic thresholds. Median age was similar between patients with SMuRFs and patients without SMuRFs (68 years [IQR 59-78]) vs 69 years [60-78], p<0.0001). SMuRF-less patients had a similar rate of percutaneous coronary intervention to those with at least one modifiable risk factor, but were significantly less likely to receive statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockade (ARB), or beta-blockers at discharge. By 30 days after presentation, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in SMuRF-less patients (hazard ratio 1.47 [95% CI 1.37-1.57], p<0.0001). SMuRF-less women had the highest 30-day mortality (381 [17.6%] of 2164), followed by women with SMuRFs (2032 [11.1%] of 18 220), SMuRF-less men (660 [9.3%] of 7064), and men with SMuRFs (2117 [6.1%] of 34 600). The increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality in SMuRF-less patients remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, creatinine, and blood pressure, but was attenuated on inclusion of pharmacotherapy prescription (ACEI or ARB, beta-blocker, or statin) at discharge. Additionally, SMuRF-less patients had a significantly higher rate of in-hospital all-cause mortality than patients with one or more SMuRF (883 [9.6%] vs 3411 [6.5%], p<0.0001). Myocardial infarction and heart failure at 30 days were lower in SMuRF-less patients. All-cause mortality remained increased in the SMuRF-less group for more than 8 years in men and up to the 12-year endpoint in women.

    Interpretation Individuals who present with STEMI in the absence of SMuRFs have a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality, compared with those with at least one SMuRF, which was particularly evident in women. The increased early mortality rates are attenuated after adjustment for use of guideline-indicated treatments, highlighting the need for evidence-based pharmacotherapy during the immediate post-infarct period irrespective of perceived low risk. Copyright (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 39. Finucane, Mariel M
    et al.
    Stevens, Gretchen A
    Cowan, Melanie J
    Danaei, Goodarz
    Lin, John K
    Paciorek, Christopher J
    Singh, Gitanjali M
    Gutierrez, Hialy R
    Lu, Yuan
    Bahalim, Adil N
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Riley, Leanne M
    Ezzati, Majid
    National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants2011In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 377, no 9765, p. 557-567Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Excess bodyweight is a major public health concern. However, few worldwide comparative analyses of long-term trends of body-mass index (BMI) have been done, and none have used recent national health examination surveys. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean BMI.

    METHODS:

    We estimated trends and their uncertainties of mean BMI for adults 20 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and unpublished health examination surveys and epidemiological studies (960 country-years and 9·1 million participants). For each sex, we used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate mean BMI by age, country, and year, accounting for whether a study was nationally representative.

    FINDINGS:

    Between 1980 and 2008, mean BMI worldwide increased by 0·4 kg/m(2) per decade (95% uncertainty interval 0·2-0·6, posterior probability of being a true increase >0·999) for men and 0·5 kg/m(2) per decade (0·3-0·7, posterior probability >0·999) for women. National BMI change for women ranged from non-significant decreases in 19 countries to increases of more than 2·0 kg/m(2) per decade (posterior probabilities >0·99) in nine countries in Oceania. Male BMI increased in all but eight countries, by more than 2 kg/m(2) per decade in Nauru and Cook Islands (posterior probabilities >0·999). Male and female BMIs in 2008 were highest in some Oceania countries, reaching 33·9 kg/m(2) (32·8-35·0) for men and 35·0 kg/m(2) (33·6-36·3) for women in Nauru. Female BMI was lowest in Bangladesh (20·5 kg/m(2), 19·8-21·3) and male BMI in Democratic Republic of the Congo 19·9 kg/m(2) (18·2-21·5), with BMI less than 21·5 kg/m(2) for both sexes in a few countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and east, south, and southeast Asia. The USA had the highest BMI of high-income countries. In 2008, an estimated 1·46 billion adults (1·41-1·51 billion) worldwide had BMI of 25 kg/m(2) or greater, of these 205 million men (193-217 million) and 297 million women (280-315 million) were obese.

    INTERPRETATION:

    Globally, mean BMI has increased since 1980. The trends since 1980, and mean population BMI in 2008, varied substantially between nations. Interventions and policies that can curb or reverse the increase, and mitigate the health effects of high BMI by targeting its metabolic mediators, are needed in most countries.

    FUNDING:

    Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and WHO.

  • 40.
    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
    et al.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Afshin, Ashkan
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Alexander, Lily T.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Anderson, H. Ross
    St Georges Univ London, Populat Hlth Res Inst, London, England..
    Bhutta, Zulficiar A.
    Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.;Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Biryukov, Stan
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Brauer, Michael
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Burnett, Richard
    Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Cercy, Kelly
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Charlson, Fiona J.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Cohen, Aaron J.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Hlth Effects Inst, Boston, MA USA..
    Dandona, Lalit
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India..
    Estep, Kara
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Ferrari, Alize J.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Frostad, Joseph J.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Fullman, Nancy
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Gething, Peter W.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England..
    Godwin, William W.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Griswold, Max
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Univ Canberra, Fac Hlth, Ctr Res & Act Publ Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Kyu, Hmwe H.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Larson, Heidi J.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Liang, Xiaofeng
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Lim, Stephen S.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Liu, Patrick Y.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Lozano, Rafael
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Marczak, Laurie
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Mensah, George A.
    NHLBI, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA..
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Neal, Bruce
    George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Imperial Coll London, London, England..
    Reitsma, Marissa B.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Roth, Gregory A.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Sur, Patrick J.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Vos, Theo
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Wagner, Joseph A.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Wang, Haidong
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Zhao, Yi
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Zhou, Maigeng
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Aasvang, Gunn Marit
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
    Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu
    Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy..
    Abbas, Kaja M.
    Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA..
    Abd-Allah, Foad
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt..
    Abdulle, Abdishakur M.
    New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Abera, Semaw Ferede
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Coll Hlth Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Kilte Awlaelohlth & Demog Surveillance Site, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Univ Hohenheim, Food Secur & Inst Biol Chem & Nutr, Stuttgart, Germany..
    Abraham, Biju
    NM SM Govt Coll Kalpetta, Kalpetta, Kerala, India..
    Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
    Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar..
    Abyu, Gebre Yitayih
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi
    Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Ibadan, Nigeria.;Univ Coll Hosp, Ibadan, Nigeria..
    Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
    Olabisi Onabanjo Univ, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria..
    Ademi, Zanfina
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Council Sci & Technol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.;Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland..
    Adou, Arsene Kouablan
    Assoc Ivoirienne Bien Etre Familial, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire..
    Adsuar, Jose C.
    Univ Extremadura, Caceres, Spain..
    Agardh, Emilie Elisabet
    Inst Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Agarwal, Arnav
    Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.;McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Agrawal, Anurag
    CSIR Inst Genom & Integrat Biol, Delhi, India.;Baylor Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA..
    Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad
    Lund Univ, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Orthoped, Lund, Sweden.;Kerman Univ Med Sci, Inst Futures Studies Hlth, Hlth Serv Management Res Ctr, Kerman, Iran..
    Ajala, Oluremi N.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Mckeesport, PA USA..
    Akinyemiju, Tomi F.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA..
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA..
    Alam, Khurshid
    Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Council Sci & Technol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.;Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Alam, Noore K. M.
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Hlth, Herston, Qld, Australia..
    Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed
    King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;King Fahad Med City, Dept Anesthesiol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;King Fahad Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Aldridge, Robert William
    UCL, Ctr Publ Hlth Data Sci, Inst Hlth Informat, London, England..
    Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
    Ali, Raghib
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England..
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Luxembourg Inst Hlth LIH, Strassen, Luxembourg..
    Alla, Francois
    Univ Lorraine, Sch Publ Hlth, Nancy, France..
    Allebeck, Peter
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Alsharif, Ubai
    Charite, Berlin, Germany..
    Altirkawi, Khalid A.
    King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Alvarez Martin, Elena
    Govt Delegat Natl Plan Drugs, Minist Hlth, Spanish Observ Drugs, Social Policy & Equal, Madrid, Spain..
    Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
    Univ Cartagena, Cartagena De Indias, Colombia..
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
    Amberbir, Alemayehu
    Dignitas Int, Zomba, Malawi..
    Amegah, Adeladza Kofi
    Univ Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana..
    Amini, Heresh
    Kurdistan Univ Med Sci, Environm Hlth Res Ctr, Sanandaj, Iran.;Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland..
    Ammar, Walid
    Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Amrock, Stephen Marc
    Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA..
    Andersen, Hjalte H.
    Aalborg Univ, Fac Med, Dept Hlth Sci & Technol, Ctr Sensory Motor Interact, Aalborg, Denmark..
    Anderson, Benjamin O.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Coll Publ Hlth, Manila, Philippines..
    Anwar, Palwasha
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology. Dalarna Univ, Falun, Sweden. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada..
    Artaman, Al
    Asayesh, Hamid
    Qom Univ Med Sci, Sch Paramed, Dept Emergency Med, Qom, Iran..
    Asghar, Rana Jawad
    South Asian Publ Hlth Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Assadi, Reza
    Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Mashhad, Iran..
    Atique, Suleman
    Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Biomed Informat, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur
    Inst Rech Clin Benin, Cotonou, Benin.;Lab Etud & Rech Act Sante LERAS Afrique, Parakou, Benin..
    Awasthi, Ashish
    Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
    La Trobe Univ, Judith Lumley Ctr Mother Infant & Family Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Peruvian Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru..
    Azzopardi, Peter
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Wardliparingga Aboriginal Res Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Bacha, Umar
    Univ Management & Technol, Sch Hlth Sci, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Badawi, Alaa
    Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Fac Med, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Bahit, Maria C.
    INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina..
    Balakrishnan, Kalpana
    Sri Ramachandra Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Barac, Aleksandra
    Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Belgrade, Serbia..
    Barber, Ryan M.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Barker-Collo, Suzanne L.
    Univ Auckland, Sch Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Baernighausen, Till
    Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Africa Hlth Res Inst, Mtubatuba, South Africa.;Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Barquera, Simon
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Barregard, Lars
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Barrero, Lope H.
    Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Sch Engn, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia..
    Basu, Sanjay
    Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Bans, Carolina
    Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
    Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Coll Med, 1621 E 120th St, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA.;Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.;Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Kermanshah, Iran..
    Beardsley, Justin
    Univ Oxford, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam..
    Bedi, Neeraj
    Coll Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Jazan, Saudi Arabia..
    Beghi, Ettore
    IRCCS Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy..
    Bell, Michelle L.
    Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA..
    Bello, Aminu K.
    Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada..
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England..
    Bensenor, Isabela M.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Berhane, Adugnaw
    Debre Berhane Univ, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia..
    Bernabe, Eduardo
    Kings Coll London, London, England. Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Betsu, Balem Demtsu
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Beyene, Addisu Shunu
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Bhala, Neeraj
    Queen Elizabeth Hosp Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.;Univ Otago, Sch Med, Wellington, New Zealand..
    Bhansali, Anil
    Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Chandigarh, India..
    Bhatt, Samir
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England..
    Biadgilign, Sibhatu
    Independent Publ Hlth Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Bikbov, Boris
    Acad VI Shumakov Fed Res Ctr Transplantol & Artif, Dept Nephrol Issues Transplanted Kidney, Moscow, Russia..
    Bisanzio, Donal
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England..
    Bjertness, Espen
    Univ Oslo, Dept Community Med, Oslo, Norway..
    Blore, Jed D.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Borschmann, Rohan
    Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Council Sci & Technol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Boufous, Soufiane
    Univ New South Wales, Transport & Rd Safety TARS Res, Kensington, NSW, Australia..
    Bourne, Rupert R. A.
    Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Eye Res Unit, Cambridge, England..
    Brainin, Michael
    Danube Univers Krems, Krems, Austria..
    Brazinova, Alexandra
    Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci & Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia.;Int Neurotrauma Res Org, Vienna, Austria..
    Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.
    Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA..
    Brenner, Hermann
    German Canc Res Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Broday, David M.
    Technion, Haifa, Israel..
    Brugha, Traolach S.
    Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England..
    Brunekreef, Bert
    Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Butt, Zahid A.
    Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Rawalpindi, Pakistan..
    Cahill, Leah E.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Calabria, Bianca
    Univ New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.;Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.;Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Cardenas, Rosario
    Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Carpenter, David
    Univ Albany, Rensselaer, NY USA..
    Casey, Daniel C.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A.
    Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Inst Nacl Salud, Bogota, Colombia.;Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia..
    Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline
    Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa Rica.;Univ Costa Rica, San Pedro, Montes De Oca, Costa Rica..
    Estanislao Castro, Ruben
    Univ Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile..
    Catala-Lopez, Ferran
    Univ Valencia, Dept Med, INCLIVA Hlth Res Inst, Valencia, Spain.;CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain.;Ottawa Hosp, Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Sch Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan..
    Chang, Jung-Chen
    Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia
    Gold Coast Hlth, Clin Governance Unit, Southport, Qld, Australia..
    Chibalabala, Mirriam
    Crowd Watch Africa, Lusaka, Zambia..
    Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel
    Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Epidemiol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan..
    Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe
    Univ Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.;Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Chitheer, Abdulaal A.
    Minist Hlth, Baghdad, Iraq..
    Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine
    Seoul Natl Univ, Med Lib, Seoul, South Korea..
    Christensen, Hanne
    Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Coates, Matthew M.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Colquhoun, Samantha M.
    Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Council Sci & Technol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Cooper, Leslie Trumbull
    Mayo Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Milan, Italy..
    Cooperrider, Kimberly
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Cornaby, Leslie
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Cortinovis, Monica
    Crump, John A.
    Univ Otago, Ctr Int Hlth, Dunedin Sch Med, Dunedin, New Zealand..
    Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Damasceno, Albertino
    Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Fac Med, Maputo, Mozambique..
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India..
    Darby, Sarah C.
    Univ Oxford, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford, England..
    Dargan, Paul I.
    Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, London, England..
    das Neves, Jose
    Univ Porto, Inst Invest & Inovacao Saude i3S, Oporto, Portugal.;Univ Porto, INEB Inst Engn Biomed, Oporto, Portugal..
    Davis, Adrian C.
    Publ Hlth England, London, England..
    Davletov, Kairat
    Kazakh Natl Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan..
    Filipa de Castro, E.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    De Leo, Diego
    Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Degenhardt, Louisa
    Univ New South Wales, Natl Drug & Alcohol Res Ctr, Kensington, NSW, Australia..
    Del Gobbo, Liana C.
    Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    del Pozo-Cruz, Borja
    Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Dellavalle, Robert P.
    Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA.;Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Aurora, CO USA..
    Deribew, Amare
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England.;KEMRI Wellcome Trust Res Programme, Kilifi, Kenya..
    Des Jarlais, Don C.
    Mt Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY USA.;Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA..
    Dharmaratne, Samath D.
    Univ Peradeniya, Fac Med, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka..
    Dhillon, Preet K.
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India..
    Diaz-Tome, Cesar
    Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain..
    Dicker, Daniel
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Ding, Eric L.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Dorsey, E. Ray
    Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA..
    Doyle, Kerrie E.
    RMIT Univ, Bundoora, Vic, Australia..
    Driscoll, Tim R.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Duan, Leilei
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Dubey, Manisha
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
    Duncan, Bruce Bartholow
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.;Univ Nouth Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA..
    Elyazar, Iqbal
    Eijkman Oxford Clin Res Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia..
    Endries, Aman Yesuf
    Arba Minch Univ, Arba Minch, Ethiopia..
    Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich
    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Social & Econ Studies Populat, Moscow, Russia.;Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia..
    Erskine, Holly E.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Eshrati, Babak
    Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran.;Arak Univ Med Sci, Arak, Iran..
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Fahimi, Saman
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Aquino Faraon, Emerito Jose
    Univ Philippines Manila, Coll Publ Hlth, Manila, Philippines.;Dept Hlth, Manila, Philippines..
    Farid, Talha A.
    Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY USA..
    Sofia E Sa Farinha, Carla
    DGS Directorate Gen Hlth, Lisbon, Portugal.;Univ Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal..
    Faro, Andre
    Univ Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil..
    Farvid, Maryam S.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Mongan Inst Hlth Policy, Harvard MGH Ctr Genom Vulnerable Populat & Hlth D, Boston, MA 02114 USA..
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand..
    Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol, Care Sci & Soc NVS, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Fernandes, Jefferson G.
    German Hosp Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Educ & Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Fischer, Florian
    Univ Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany..
    Fitchett, Joseph R. A.
    Harvard Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Fleming, Tom
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Foigt, Nataliya
    Acad Med Sci, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, Ukraine..
    Foreman, Kyle
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Fowkes, F. Gerry R.
    Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland..
    Franklin, Richard C.
    James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld, Australia..
    Fuerst, Thomas
    Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland.;Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland..
    Futran, Neal D.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Gakidou, Emmanuela
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
    Manhica Hlth Res Ctr, Manhica, Mozambique.;Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain..
    Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia..
    Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia.;Univ Munich, Munich, Germany..
    Geleijnse, Johanna M.
    Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Gessner, Bradford D.
    Agence Med Prevent, Paris, France..
    Giref, Ababi Zergaw
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Giroud, Maurice
    Univ Hosp Dijon, Dijon, France. Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia..
    Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo
    Haramaya Univ, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.;Kersa Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Goenka, Shifalika
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India..
    Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, Mari
    Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain.;INCLIVA Biomed Res Inst, Valencia, Spain..
    Gomez-Dantes, Hector
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Gona, Philimon
    Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA..
    Goodridge, Amador
    Inst Invest Cient & Servicios Alta Tecnol INDICAS, Ciudad Del Saber, Panama..
    Gopalani, Sameer Vali
    Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia..
    Gotay, Carolyn C.
    Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Goto, Atsushi
    Natl Canc Ctr, Div Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth Sci, Tokyo, Japan..
    Gouda, Hebe N.
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Gugnani, Harish Chander
    St James Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, The Quarter, Anguilla, Scotland.;St James Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, The Quarter, Anguilla, Scotland. West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA. Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India..
    Guillemin, Francis
    Univ Lorraine, Sch Publ Hlth, Nancy, France..
    Guo, Yuming
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Gupta, Rahul
    Gupta, Rajeev
    Gutierrez, Reyna A.
    Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon Fuente, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Haagsma, Juanita A.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Med Ctr, Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Haile, Demewoz
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Kilte Awlaelo Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
    Halasa, Yara A.
    Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA..
    Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi
    Arabian Gulf Univ, Manama, Bahrain..
    Hamidi, Samer
    Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Dubai, U Arab Emirates..
    Handal, Alexis J.
    Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA..
    Hankey, Graeme J.
    Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA, Australia.;Harry Perkins Inst Med Res, Nedlands, WA, Australia.;Western Australian Neurosci Res Inst, Nedlands, WA, Australia..
    Hao, Yuantao
    Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China..
    Harb, Hilda L.
    Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
    Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Trivandrum, Kerala, India..
    Maria Haro, Josep
    Parc Sanitari Sant Joan Deu CIBERSAM, St Boi De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.;Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain..
    Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Ctr Air Pollut Res, Inst Environm Res, Tehran, Iran..
    Hassen, Tahir Ahmed
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Havmoeller, Rasmus
    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, Norberto
    Comis Nacl Adicc, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Heydarpour, Pouria
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Neurosci Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Hoek, Hans W.
    Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands.;Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA..
    Hoffman, Howard J.
    Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Epidemiol & Stat Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA..
    Horino, Masako
    Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Nevada Div Publ & Behav Hlth, Carson City, NV USA..
    Horita, Nobuyuki
    Yokohama City Univ, Dept Pulmonol, Grad Sch Med, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan..
    Hosgood, H. Dean
    Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA..
    Hoy, Damian G.
    Pacific Community, Publ Hlth Div, Noumea, New Caledonia..
    Hsairi, Mohamed
    Salah Azaiz Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Tunis, Tunisia..
    Htet, Aung Soe
    Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.;Minist Hlth, Int Relat Div, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar..
    Hu, Guoqing
    Cent S Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China..
    Huang, John J.
    Husseini, Abdullatif
    Birzeit Univ, Birzeit, Israel..
    Hutchings, Sally J.
    Imperial Coll London, London, England..
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Int Agcy Res Canc IARC, Lyon, France.;Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium..
    Iburg, Kim Moesgaard
    Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Idrisov, Bulat T.
    Boston Univ, Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA..
    Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania..
    Inoue, Manami
    Natl Canc Ctr, Tokyo, Japan.;Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan..
    Jacobs, Troy A.
    HIDN, USAID Global Hlth Bur, MCH Div, Washington, DC USA..
    Jacobsen, Kathryn H.
    George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA USA..
    Jahanmehr, Nader
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran..
    Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B.
    Univ Kragujevac, Fac Med Sci, Kragujevac, Serbia..
    Jansen, Henrica A. F. M.
    UNFPA Asia & Pacific Reg Off, Bangkok, Thailand..
    Jassal, Simerjot K.
    Univ Calif San Diego, VA San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA..
    Javanbakht, Mehdi
    Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland..
    Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra
    Postgrad Inst Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka.;Inst Violence & Injury Prevent, Colombo, Sri Lanka..
    Jee, Sun Ha
    Yonsei Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Seoul, South Korea..
    Jeemon, Panniyammakal
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Ctr Control Chron Condit, New Delhi, India.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Ctr Control Chron Condit, Gurgaon, India.;Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India..
    Jha, Vivekanand
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.;George Inst Global Hlth India, New Delhi, India..
    Jiang, Ying
    Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Hlth Dev, Inst Ind Ecol Sci, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan..
    Jibat, Tariku
    Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands.;Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.;Univ Addis Ababa, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia..
    Jin, Ye
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Johnson, Catherine O.
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Mannheim, Germany..
    Kabir, Zubair
    Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland..
    Kalkonde, Yogeshwar
    Soc Educ Act & Res Community Hlth, Gadchiroli, India..
    Kamal, Ritul
    CSIR Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India..
    Kan, Haidong
    Fudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    Karch, Andre
    Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Epidemiol & Stat Methods Res Grp, Braunschweig, Germany.;German Ctr Infect Res, Hannover Braunschweig Site, Braunschweig, Germany..
    Karema, Corine Kakizi
    Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland.;Qual & Equity Hlth Care, Kigali, Rwanda..
    Karimkhani, Chante
    Case Western Univ Hosp, Cleveland, OH USA..
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Kaul, Anil
    Oklahoma State Univ, Tulsa, OK USA..
    Kawakami, Norito
    Univ Tokyo, Sch Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan..
    Kazi, Dhruv S.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
    Inst Trop & Infect Dis, Nairobi, Kenya.;Sch Continuing & Distance Educ, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Kemp, Andrew Haddon
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Swansea Univ, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    Kengne, Andre Pascal
    South African Med Researcil, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Keren, Andre
    Assuta Hosp, Assuta Hashalom, Tel Aviv, Israel..
    Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Irbid, Jordan..
    Khan, Abdur Rahman
    Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY USA..
    Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
    Hlth Serv Acad, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Khan, Gulfaraz
    United Arab Emirates Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates..
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Khatibzadeh, Shahab
    Harvard Univ, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Khera, Sahil
    New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA..
    Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer
    Execut Board Hlth Ministers Council Cooperat Coun, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA..
    Kieling, Christian
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.;Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Korea Hlth Ind Dev Inst, Cheongju, South Korea..
    Kim, Cho-il
    Kim, Daniel
    Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kimokoti, Ruth W.
    Simmons Coll, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Kissoon, Niranjan
    Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Kivipelto, Miia
    Karolinska Inst, Aging Res Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Knibbs, Luke D.
    Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Kokubo, Yoshihiro
    Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Suita, Osaka, Japan..
    Kopec, Jacek A.
    Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Koul, Parvaiz A.
    Sherikashmir Inst Med Sci, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India..
    Koyanagi, Ai
    Parc Sanitari St Joan Deu CIBERSAM, Res & Dev Unit, Barcelona, Spain..
    Kravchenko, Michael
    Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia..
    Kromhout, Hans
    Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Krueger, Hans
    Univ British Columbia, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Ku, Tiffany
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Univ Montreal, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Univ Montreal, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Univ Montreal, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
    Kuchenbecker, Ricardo S.
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Graduat Studies Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
    Bicer, Burcu Kucuk
    Hacettepe Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Ankara, Turkey..
    Kuipers, Ernst J.
    Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India..
    Kwan, Gene F.
    Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA..
    Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India..
    Lalloo, Ratilal
    Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Lallukka, Tea
    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Work Disabil Prevent, Work Org, Helsinki, Finland.;Univ Helsinki, Dept Publ Hlth, Fac Med, Helsinki, Finland..
    Lan, Qing
    NCI, Rockville, MD USA..
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Latif, Asma Abdul
    Women Univ, Lahore Coll, Dept Zool, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena
    Inst Nacl Epidemiol Dr Juan H Jara, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina..
    Leasher, Janet L.
    Nova Southeastern Univ, Coll Optometry, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA..
    Leigh, James
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Leung, Janni
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Levi, Miriam
    Tuscany Reg Ctr Occupat Injuries & Dis, Florence, Italy..
    Li, Xiaohong
    Natl Ctr Birth Defects Monitoring China, Chengdu, Peoples R China..
    Li, Yichong
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Liang, Juan
    Sichuan Univ, West China Univ Hosp 2, Natl Off Maternal & Child Hlth Surveillance, Chengdu, Peoples R China..
    Liu, Shiwei
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Lloyd, Belinda K.
    Monash Univ, Eastern Hlth Clin Sch, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia.;Eastern Hlth, Turning Point, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Logroscino, Giancarlo
    Univ Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Lunevicius, Raimundas
    Aintree Univ, Hosp Natl Hlth Serv Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.;Univ Liverpool, Sch Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Maclntyre, Michael
    Mahdavi, Mandi
    Social Secur Org Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Erasmus Univ, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Majdan, Marek
    Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci & Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia..
    Majeed, Azeem
    Imperial Coll London, London, England..
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran..
    Malta, Deborah Carvalho
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele
    Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
    Mapoma, Chabila C.
    Univ Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia..
    Marcenes, Wagner
    Kings Coll London, Inst Dent, Div Populat & Patient Hlth, London, England..
    Martin, Randall V.
    Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada..
    Martinez-Raga, Jose
    Univ Valencia, Univ Hosp Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.;CEU Cardenal Herrera Univ, Moncada, Valencia, Spain..
    Masiye, Felix
    Univ Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia..
    Matsushita, Kunihiro
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA..
    Matzopoulos, Richard
    South African Med Researcil, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Cape Town, Sch Publ Hlth & Family Med, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Mayosi, Bongani M.
    McGrath, John J.
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    McKee, Martin
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Meaney, Peter A.
    Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.;Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Medina, Catalina
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Mehari, Alem
    Howard Univ, Coll Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA..
    Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola
    Mekonnen, Alemayehu B.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia..
    Melaku, Yohannes Adama
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia.;Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Memish, Ziad A.
    Saudi Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia..
    Mendoza, Walter
    United Nations Populat Fund, Lima, Peru..
    Mensink, Gert B. M.
    Robert Koch Inst, Berlin, Germany..
    Meretoja, Atte
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Dept Neurol, Helsinki, Finland..
    Meretoja, Tuomo J.
    Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland..
    Mesfin, Yonatan Moges
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia..
    Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary
    Ifakara Hlth Inst, Bagamoyo, Tanzania..
    Miller, Ted R.
    Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA.;Curtin Univ, Ctr Populat Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia..
    Mills, Edward J.
    Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada..
    Mirarefin, Mojde
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Misganaw, Awoke
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Mock, Charles N.
    Univ Washington, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA..
    Mohammadi, Alireza
    Baqiyatallah Univ Med Sci, Neurosci Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Mohammed, Shafiu
    Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany.;Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria..
    Mola, Glen Liddell D.
    Univ Papua New Guinea, Boroko, Papua N Guinea..
    Monasta, Lorenzo
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy..
    Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Montico, Marcella
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy..
    Morawska, Lidia
    Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Mori, Rintaro
    Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan..
    Mozaffarian, Dariush
    Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA..
    Mueller, Ulrich O.
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany..
    Mullany, Erin
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Mumford, John Everett
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurgaon, India..
    Nachega, Jean B.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.;Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA.;Univ Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa..
    Naheed, Aliya
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Bangladesh Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Nangia, Vinay
    Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India..
    Nassiri, Nariman
    Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA..
    Newton, John N.
    Publ Hlth England, London, England..
    Ng, Marie
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Nguyen, Quyen Le
    Nisar, Muhammad Imran
    Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan..
    Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie
    Inst Res Socioecon Dev & Commun, Yaounde, Cameroon..
    Norheim, Ole F.
    Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway..
    Norman, Rosana E.
    Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Hlth & Biomed Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Norrving, Bo
    Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Dept Clin Sci, Lund, Sweden..
    Nyakarahuka, Luke
    Makerere Univ, Kampala, Uganda..
    Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf
    Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon..
    Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
    Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Hlth Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea..
    Oh, In-Hwan
    Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
    Human Sci Res Council, Durban, South Africa.;Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. Univ Autonoma Chile, Talca, Chile..
    Olivares, Pedro R.
    Olsen, Helen
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
    Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
    Ctr Hlth Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria..
    Opio, John Nelson
    Lira Municipal Council, Lira Dist Local Govt, Lira, Uganda..
    Oren, Eyal
    Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA..
    Orozco, Ricardo
    Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon Fuente, Mexico City, DF, Mexico..
    Ortiz, Alberto
    II S Fdn Jimenez Diaz UAM, Madrid, Spain..
    Ota, Erika
    St Lukes Int Univ, Tokyo, Japan..
    Mahesh, P. A.
    JSS Univ, JSS Med Coll, Mysore, Karnataka, India. Kosin Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med Human & Social Med, Busan, South Korea..
    Pana, Adrian
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania..
    Park, Eun-Kee
    Parry, Charles D.
    South African Med Researcil, Alcohol Tobacco & Other Drug Res Unit, Cape Town, South Africa.;Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council, Alcohol Tobacco & Other Drug Res Unit, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Parsaeian, Mahboubeh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran..
    Patel, Tejas
    Mt Sinai Hlth Syst, New York, NY USA..
    Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina
    Univ Pittsburgh, Publ Hlth Dynam Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA.;Univ Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia..
    Patil, Snehal T.
    Deemed Univ, Krishan Inst Med Sci, Sch Dent Sci, Karad, India..
    Patten, Scott B.
    Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada..
    Patton, George C.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.;Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Pearce, Neil
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England..
    Pereira, David M.
    Univ Porto, Fac Farm, Dept Quim, REQUIMTE LAQV,Lab Farmacognosia, Oporto, Portugal..
    Perico, Norberto
    IRCCS Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy..
    Pesudovs, Konrad
    Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Petzold, Max
    Univ Gothenburg, Hlth Metr Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden.;Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Phillips, Michael Robert
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China.;Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
    Piel, Frederic B.
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England..
    Pillay, Julian David
    Durban Univ Technol, Durban, South Africa..
    Plass, Dietrich
    German Environm Agcy, Exposure Assessment & Environm Hlth Indicators, Berlin, Germany..
    Polinder, Suzanne
    Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Pond, Constance D.
    Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia..
    Pope, C. Arden
    Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA..
    Pope, Daniel
    Univ Liverpool, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Popova, Svetlana
    Univ Toronto, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Poulton, Richie G.
    Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand..
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Prasad, Noela M.
    Fred Hollows Fdn, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Ctr Eye Res Australia, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Karaj, Iran..
    Rabiee, Rynaz H. S.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Radfar, Amir
    AT Still Univ, Kirksville, MO USA..
    Rafay, Anwar
    Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran..
    Rahman, Mahfuzar
    BRAC, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh..
    Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
    Rahman, Sajjad Ur
    Hamad Med Corp, Doha, Qatar..
    Rai, Rajesh Kumar
    Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India..
    Rajsic, Sasa
    Univ Hlth Sci Med Informat & Technol, ERAWEB Program, Hall In Tirol, Australia..
    Raju, Murugesan
    Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA..
    Ram, Usha
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
    Rana, Saleem M.
    Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan.;Contech Int Hlth Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Ranganathan, Kavitha
    Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA..
    Rao, Puja
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Razo Garcia, Christian Aspacia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Refaat, Amany H.
    Walden Univ, Minneapolis, MN USA.;Suez Canal Univ, Ismailia, Egypt..
    Rehm, Colin D.
    Montefiore Med Ctr, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA..
    Rehm, Jurgen
    Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Reinig, Nikolas
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Remuzzi, Giuseppe
    IRCCS Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy.;Azienda Osped Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.;Univ Milan, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci L Sacco, Milan, Italy..
    Resnikoff, Serge
    Univ New South Wales, Brien Holden Vision Inst, Kensington, NSW, Australia..
    Ribeiro, Antonio L.
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Rivera, Juan A.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Rolm, Hirbo Shore
    Rodriguez, Anna
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, London, England.;Lincoln Univ, Sch Psychol, Lincoln, England..
    Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Rojas-Rueda, David
    Inst Salud Global Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain..
    Roman, Yesenia
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Ronfani, Luca
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy..
    Roshandel, Gholamreza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.;Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Iran..
    Rothenbacher, Dietrich
    Univ Ulm, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany..
    Roy, Ambuj
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India..
    Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad
    Dev Res & Projects Ctr, Abuja, Nigeria..
    Sanabria, Juan R.
    Marshall Univ, J Edwards Sch Med, Huntington, WV USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
    Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria
    II S Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain..
    Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
    Sandar, Logan
    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Santomauro, Damian F.
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    Univ Ciencias Aplicadas & Ambient, Bogota, Colombia..
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    Univ KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. Univ Autonoma Chile, Talca, Chile..
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    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India..
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    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
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    Marshall Univ, Huntington, WV USA..
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    Food & Agr Org, Global Perspect Studies Unit, Rome, Italy..
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    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil..
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    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil..
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    German Canc Res Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany.;FOM Univ, Inst Hlth Care & Social Sci, Essen, Germany..
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    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
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    Indian Inst Technol Ropar, Rupnagar, India..
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    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran..
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    Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Work Disabil Prevent, Work Org, Helsinki, Finland..
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    Washington State Univ, Spokane, WA USA..
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    Univ Edinburgh, Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Res Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.;Northumbria Univ, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
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    Harvard Univ, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
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    Reykjavik Univ, Reykjavik, Iceland..
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    Univ Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil..
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    Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA..
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    Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA..
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    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden..
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    Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India..
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    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA..
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    Inst Human Dev, New Delhi, India..
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    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
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    Imperial Coll London, London, England..
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    Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA..
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    Western Univ, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, Canada..
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    Attikon Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece..
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    Univ Hosp Munich, Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat Social & Environm, Munich, Germany..
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    Publ Hlth England, London, England.;Univ East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, England..
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    Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa.;South African Med Res Council Unit Anxiety & Stre, Cape Town, South Africa..
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    Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg..
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    Alexandra Gen Hosp Athens, Athens, Greece.;Ctr Hosp Publ Cotentin, Cherbourg, France..
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    Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania..
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    Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi, India..
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    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol, Irvine, CA USA.;Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Law & Soc, Irvine, CA USA.;Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Sociol, Irvine, CA USA.;Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Publ Hlth, Irvine, CA USA..
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    Univ Melbourne, Inst Hlth & Ageing, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
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    Univ Valencia, Dept Med, INCLIVA Hlth Res Inst, Valencia, Spain.;CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain..
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    Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Inst Ind Ecol Sci, Dept Environm Epidemiol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan..
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    MINSANTE, Minist Hlth, Yaounde, Cameroon..
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    Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Tel Hashomer, Israel.;Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel..
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    Bahir Dar Univ, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia..
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    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Council Sci & Technol, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico..
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    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.;James Cook Univ, Cairns, Qld, Australia..
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    Univ Addis Ababa, Coll Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia..
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    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia..
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    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia..
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    King Fahad Med City, Dept Anesthesiol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.;Univ Virginia, Dept Anesthesiol, Charlottesville, VA USA.;Cleveland Clin, Outcomes Res Consortium, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA..
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    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
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    Harvard Univ, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.;WorldFish, George Town, Malaysia..
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    Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria..
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    Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy..
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    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.;Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Oslo, Norway.;Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway..
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    McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada..
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    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden.;Inst Populat Based Canc Res, Dept Res, Canc Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway.;Arctic Univ Norway, Univ Tromso, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Community Med, Tromso, Norway.;Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Grp, Helsinki, Finland..
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    Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98121 USA..
    Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 20152016In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 388, no 10053, p. 1659-1724Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57.8% (95% CI 56.6-58.8) of global deaths and 41.2% (39.8-42.8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211.8 million [192.7 million to 231.1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148.6 million [134.2 million to 163.1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143.1 million [125.1 million to 163.5 million]), high BMI (120.1 million [83.8 million to 158.4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113.3 million [103.9 million to 123.4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103.1 million [90.8 million to 115.1 million]), high total cholesterol (88.7 million [74.6 million to 105.7 million]), household air pollution (85.6 million [66.7 million to 106.1 million]), alcohol use (85.0 million [77.2 million to 93.0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83.0 million [49.3 million to 127.5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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    Goenka, Shifalika
    Goginashvili, Ketevan
    Dantes, Hector Gomez
    Gona, Philimon
    de Cosio, Teresita Gonzalez
    González-Castell, Dinorah
    Gotay, Carolyn C
    Goto, Atsushi
    Gouda, Hebe N
    Guerrant, Richard L
    Gugnani, Harish C
    Guillemin, Francis
    Gunnell, David
    Gupta, Rahul
    Gupta, Rajeev
    Gutiérrez, Reyna A
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Hagan, Holly
    Hagstromer, Maria
    Halasa, Yara A
    Hamadeh, Randah R
    Hammami, Mouhanad
    Hankey, Graeme J
    Hao, Yuantao
    Harb, Hilda L
    Haregu, Tilahun Nigatu
    Haro, Josep Maria
    Havmoeller, Rasmus
    Hay, Simon I
    Hedayati, Mohammad T
    Heredia-Pi, Ileana B
    Hernandez, Lucia
    Heuton, Kyle R
    Heydarpour, Pouria
    Hijar, Martha
    Hoek, Hans W
    Hoffman, Howard J
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    Hosgood, H Dean
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    Hsairi, Mohamed
    Hu, Guoqing
    Hu, Howard
    Huang, Cheng
    Huang, John J
    Hubbell, Bryan J
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    Husseini, Abdullatif
    Iannarone, Marissa L
    Iburg, Kim M
    Idrisov, Bulat T
    Ikeda, Nayu
    Innos, Kaire
    Inoue, Manami
    Islami, Farhad
    Ismayilova, Samaya
    Jacobsen, Kathryn H
    Jansen, Henrica A
    Jarvis, Deborah L
    Jassal, Simerjot K
    Jauregui, Alejandra
    Jayaraman, Sudha
    Jeemon, Panniyammakal
    Jensen, Paul N
    Jha, Vivekanand
    Jiang, Fan
    Jiang, Guohong
    Jiang, Ying
    Jonas, Jost B
    Juel, Knud
    Kan, Haidong
    Roseline, Sidibe S Kany
    Karam, Nadim E
    Karch, André
    Karema, Corine K
    Karthikeyan, Ganesan
    Kaul, Anil
    Kawakami, Norito
    Kazi, Dhruv S
    Kemp, Andrew H
    Kengne, Andre P
    Keren, Andre
    Khader, Yousef S
    Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan
    Khan, Ejaz A
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Khatibzadeh, Shahab
    Khonelidze, Irma
    Kieling, Christian
    Kim, Daniel
    Kim, Sungroul
    Kim, Yunjin
    Kimokoti, Ruth W
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Kinge, Jonas M
    Kissela, Brett M
    Kivipelto, Miia
    Knibbs, Luke D
    Knudsen, Ann Kristin
    Kokubo, Yoshihiro
    Kose, M Rifat
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Kraemer, Alexander
    Kravchenko, Michael
    Krishnaswami, Sanjay
    Kromhout, Hans
    Ku, Tiffany
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Bicer, Burcu Kucuk
    Kuipers, Ernst J
    Kulkarni, Chanda
    Kulkarni, Veena S
    Kumar, G Anil
    Kwan, Gene F
    Lai, Taavi
    Balaji, Arjun Lakshmana
    Lalloo, Ratilal
    Lallukka, Tea
    Lam, Hilton
    Lan, Qing
    Lansingh, Van C
    Larson, Heidi J
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Laryea, Dennis O
    Lavados, Pablo M
    Lawrynowicz, Alicia E
    Leasher, Janet L
    Lee, Jong-Tae
    Leigh, James
    Leung, Ricky
    Levi, Miriam
    Li, Yichong
    Li, Yongmei
    Liang, Juan
    Liang, Xiaofeng
    Lim, Stephen S
    Lindsay, M Patrice
    Lipshultz, Steven E
    Liu, Shiwei
    Liu, Yang
    Lloyd, Belinda K
    Logroscino, Giancarlo
    London, Stephanie J
    Lopez, Nancy
    Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie
    Lotufo, Paulo A
    Lozano, Rafael
    Lunevicius, Raimundas
    Ma, Jixiang
    Ma, Stefan
    Machado, Vasco M P
    MacIntyre, Michael F
    Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos
    Mahdi, Abbas A
    Majdan, Marek
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Mangalam, Srikanth
    Mapoma, Christopher C
    Marape, Marape
    Marcenes, Wagner
    Margolis, David J
    Margono, Christopher
    Marks, Guy B
    Martin, Randall V
    Marzan, Melvin B
    Mashal, Mohammad T
    Masiye, Felix
    Mason-Jones, Amanda J
    Matsushita, Kunihiro
    Matzopoulos, Richard
    Mayosi, Bongani M
    Mazorodze, Tasara T
    McKay, Abigail C
    McKee, Martin
    McLain, Abigail
    Meaney, Peter A
    Medina, Catalina
    Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
    Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola
    Mekonnen, Wubegzier
    Melaku, Yohannes A
    Meltzer, Michele
    Memish, Ziad A
    Mendoza, Walter
    Mensah, George A
    Meretoja, Atte
    Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary
    Micha, Renata
    Miller, Ted R
    Mills, Edward J
    Misganaw, Awoke
    Mishra, Santosh
    Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed
    Mohammad, Karzan A
    Mokdad, Ali H
    Mola, Glen L
    Monasta, Lorenzo
    Hernandez, Julio C Montañez
    Montico, Marcella
    Moore, Ami R
    Morawska, Lidia
    Mori, Rintaro
    Moschandreas, Joanna
    Moturi, Wilkister N
    Mozaffarian, Dariush
    Mueller, Ulrich O
    Mukaigawara, Mitsuru
    Mullany, Erin C
    Murthy, Kinnari S
    Naghavi, Mohsen
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    Naheed, Aliya
    Naidoo, Kovin S
    Naldi, Luigi
    Nand, Devina
    Nangia, Vinay
    Narayan, Km Venkat
    Nash, Denis
    Neal, Bruce
    Nejjari, Chakib
    Neupane, Sudan P
    Newton, Charles R
    Ngalesoni, Frida N
    de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean
    Nguyen, Grant
    Nguyen, Nhung T
    Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J
    Nisar, Muhammad I
    Nogueira, José R
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    Nolte, Sandra
    Norheim, Ole F
    Norman, Rosana E
    Norrving, Bo
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    Oh, In-Hwan
    Ohkubo, Takayoshi
    Olusanya, Bolajoko O
    Omer, Saad B
    Opio, John Nelson
    Orozco, Ricardo
    Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S
    Pain, Amanda W
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    Parry, Charles D
    Caicedo, Angel J Paternina
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    Paul, Vinod K
    Pavlin, Boris I
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    Pedraza, Lilia S
    Pedroza, Andrea
    Stokic, Ljiljana Pejin
    Pekericli, Ayfer
    Pereira, David M
    Perez-Padilla, Rogelio
    Perez-Ruiz, Fernando
    Perico, Norberto
    Perry, Samuel A L
    Pervaiz, Aslam
    Pesudovs, Konrad
    Peterson, Carrie B
    Petzold, Max
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    Phua, Hwee Pin
    Plass, Dietrich
    Poenaru, Dan
    Polanczyk, Guilherme V
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    Rahman, Sajjad Ur
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    Rana, Saleem M
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    Razavi, Homie
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    Remuzzi, Giuseppe
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    Riccio, Patricia M
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    Riederer, Anne
    Robinson, Margaret
    Roca, Anna
    Rodriguez, Alina
    Rojas-Rueda, David
    Romieu, Isabelle
    Ronfani, Luca
    Room, Robin
    Roy, Nobhojit
    Ruhago, George M
    Rushton, Lesley
    Sabin, Nsanzimana
    Sacco, Ralph L
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    Sahathevan, Ramesh
    Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
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    Salvo, Deborah
    Sampson, Uchechukwu K
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    Sanchez-Riera, Lidia
    Sandar, Logan
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    Satpathy, Maheswar
    Saunders, James E
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    Saylan, Mete I
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    Scott, James G
    Seedat, Soraya
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G
    Serdar, Berrin
    Servan-Mori, Edson E
    Shaddick, Gavin
    Shahraz, Saeid
    Levy, Teresa Shamah
    Shangguan, Siyi
    She, Jun
    Sheikhbahaei, Sara
    Shibuya, Kenji
    Shin, Hwashin H
    Shinohara, Yukito
    Shiri, Rahman
    Shishani, Kawkab
    Shiue, Ivy
    Sigfusdottir, Inga D
    Silberberg, Donald H
    Simard, Edgar P
    Sindi, Shireen
    Singh, Abhishek
    Singh, Gitanjali M
    Singh, Jasvinder A
    Skirbekk, Vegard
    Sliwa, Karen
    Soljak, Michael
    Soneji, Samir
    Søreide, Kjetil
    Soshnikov, Sergey
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    Stapelberg, Nicolas J C
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    Steckling, Nadine
    Stein, Dan J
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    Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos
    Sturua, Lela
    Sunguya, Bruno F
    Swaminathan, Soumya
    Swaroop, Mamta
    Sykes, Bryan L
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    Takahashi, Ken
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    Tandon, Nikhil
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    Te Ao, Braden J
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    Texcalac-Sangrador, José Luis
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    Tonelli, Marcello
    Topouzis, Fotis
    Towbin, Jeffrey A
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    Traebert, Jefferson
    Tran, Bach X
    Trasande, Leonardo
    Trillini, Matias
    Trujillo, Ulises
    Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala
    Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis
    Tuzcu, Emin Murat
    Uchendu, Uche S
    Ukwaja, Kingsley N
    Uzun, Selen B
    van de Vijver, Steven
    Van Dingenen, Rita
    van Gool, Coen H
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    Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N
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    Veerman, Lennert J
    Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo
    Venketasubramanian, N
    Vijayakumar, Lakshmi
    Villalpando, Salvador
    Violante, Francesco S
    Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich
    Vollset, Stein Emil
    Wagner, Gregory R
    Waller, Stephen G
    Wallin, Mitchell T
    Wan, Xia
    Wang, Haidong
    Wang, JianLi
    Wang, Linhong
    Wang, Wenzhi
    Wang, Yanping
    Warouw, Tati S
    Watts, Charlotte H
    Weichenthal, Scott
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Weintraub, Robert G
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Wessells, K Ryan
    Westerman, Ronny
    Whiteford, Harvey A
    Wilkinson, James D
    Williams, Hywel C
    Williams, Thomas N
    Woldeyohannes, Solomon M
    Wolfe, Charles D A
    Wong, John Q
    Woolf, Anthony D
    Wright, Jonathan L
    Wurtz, Brittany
    Xu, Gelin
    Yan, Lijing L
    Yang, Gonghuan
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Ye, Pengpeng
    Yenesew, Muluken
    Yentür, Gökalp K
    Yip, Paul
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Yoon, Seok-Jun
    Younis, Mustafa Z
    Younoussi, Zourkaleini
    Yu, Chuanhua
    Zaki, Maysaa E
    Zhao, Yong
    Zheng, Yingfeng
    Zhou, Maigeng
    Zhu, Jun
    Zhu, Shankuan
    Zou, Xiaonong
    Zunt, Joseph R
    Lopez, Alan D
    Vos, Theo
    Murray, Christopher J
    Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.2015In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 386, no 10010, p. 2287-2323Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.

    METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.

    FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.

    INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.

  • 42. Fox, Caroline S
    et al.
    Matsushita, Kunihiro
    Woodward, Mark
    Bilo, Henk J G
    Chalmers, John
    Heerspink, Hiddo J Lambers
    Lee, Brian J
    Perkins, Robert M
    Rossing, Peter
    Sairenchi, Toshimi
    Tonelli, Marcello
    Vassalotti, Joseph A
    Yamagishi, Kazumasa
    Coresh, Josef
    de Jong, Paul E
    Wen, Chi-Pang
    Nelson, Robert G
    Associations of kidney disease measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease in individuals with and without diabetes: a meta-analysis.2012In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 380, no 9854, p. 1662-73Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is characterised by low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and high albuminuria, and is associated with adverse outcomes. Whether these risks are modified by diabetes is unknown.

    METHODS: We did a meta-analysis of studies selected according to Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium criteria. Data transfer and analyses were done between March, 2011, and June, 2012. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) of mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with eGFR and albuminuria in individuals with and without diabetes.

    FINDINGS: We analysed data for 1,024,977 participants (128,505 with diabetes) from 30 general population and high-risk cardiovascular cohorts and 13 chronic kidney disease cohorts. In the combined general population and high-risk cohorts with data for all-cause mortality, 75,306 deaths occurred during a mean follow-up of 8·5 years (SD 5·0). In the 23 studies with data for cardiovascular mortality, 21,237 deaths occurred from cardiovascular disease during a mean follow-up of 9·2 years (SD 4·9). In the general and high-risk cohorts, mortality risks were 1·2-1·9 times higher for participants with diabetes than for those without diabetes across the ranges of eGFR and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). With fixed eGFR and ACR reference points in the diabetes and no diabetes groups, HR of mortality outcomes according to lower eGFR and higher ACR were much the same in participants with and without diabetes (eg, for all-cause mortality at eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m(2) [vs 95 mL/min per 1·73 m(2)], HR 1·35; 95% CI 1·18-1·55; vs 1·33; 1·19-1·48 and at ACR 30 mg/g [vs 5 mg/g], 1·50; 1·35-1·65 vs 1·52; 1·38-1·67). The overall interactions were not significant. We identified much the same findings for ESRD in the chronic kidney disease cohorts.

    INTERPRETATION: Despite higher risks for mortality and ESRD in diabetes, the relative risks of these outcomes by eGFR and ACR are much the same irrespective of the presence or absence of diabetes, emphasising the importance of kidney disease as a predictor of clinical outcomes.

    FUNDING: US National Kidney Foundation.

  • 43. Freyschuss, Bo
    et al.
    Ljunggren, Östen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Saaf, Maria
    Mellstrom, Dan
    Avenell, Allison
    Calcium and vitamin D for prevention of osteoporotic fractures2007In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 370, no 9605, p. 2098-2099Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 44. Friends of the UN HLM on NCDs, .
    The how: a message for the UN high-level meeting on NCDs.2018In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 392, no 10143, p. e4-e5, article id S0140-6736(18)31475-2Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Frobert, Ole
    et al.
    Univ Orebro, Fac Hlth, Dept Cardiol, S-70185 Orebro, Sweden..
    James, Stefan K.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Coronary thrombus aspiration: a lesson for clinical medicine2016In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 387, no 10014, p. 97-98Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 46. Fullman, N
    et al.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Murray, Christopher J L
    Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.2017In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 390, no 10100, p. 1423-1459Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of "leaving no one behind". Understanding today's gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990-2016 for 188 countries, and then on the basis of these past trends, we projected indicators to 2030.

    METHODS: We used standardised GBD 2016 methods to measure 37 health-related indicators from 1990 to 2016, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2015. We substantially revised the universal health coverage (UHC) measure, which focuses on coverage of essential health services, to also represent personal health-care access and quality for several non-communicable diseases. We transformed each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile estimated between 1990 and 2030, and 100 as the 97·5th percentile during that time. An index representing all 37 health-related SDG indicators was constructed by taking the geometric mean of scaled indicators by target. On the basis of past trends, we produced projections of indicator values, using a weighted average of the indicator and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2016 with weights for each annual rate of change based on out-of-sample validity. 24 of the currently measured health-related SDG indicators have defined SDG targets, against which we assessed attainment.

    FINDINGS: Globally, the median health-related SDG index was 56·7 (IQR 31·9-66·8) in 2016 and country-level performance markedly varied, with Singapore (86·8, 95% uncertainty interval 84·6-88·9), Iceland (86·0, 84·1-87·6), and Sweden (85·6, 81·8-87·8) having the highest levels in 2016 and Afghanistan (10·9, 9·6-11·9), the Central African Republic (11·0, 8·8-13·8), and Somalia (11·3, 9·5-13·1) recording the lowest. Between 2000 and 2016, notable improvements in the UHC index were achieved by several countries, including Cambodia, Rwanda, Equatorial Guinea, Laos, Turkey, and China; however, a number of countries, such as Lesotho and the Central African Republic, but also high-income countries, such as the USA, showed minimal gains. Based on projections of past trends, the median number of SDG targets attained in 2030 was five (IQR 2-8) of the 24 defined targets currently measured. Globally, projected target attainment considerably varied by SDG indicator, ranging from more than 60% of countries projected to reach targets for under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria, to less than 5% of countries projected to achieve targets linked to 11 indicator targets, including those for childhood overweight, tuberculosis, and road injury mortality. For several of the health-related SDGs, meeting defined targets hinges upon substantially faster progress than what most countries have achieved in the past.

    INTERPRETATION: GBD 2016 provides an updated and expanded evidence base on where the world currently stands in terms of the health-related SDGs. Our improved measure of UHC offers a basis to monitor the expansion of health services necessary to meet the SDGs. Based on past rates of progress, many places are facing challenges in meeting defined health-related SDG targets, particularly among countries that are the worst off. In view of the early stages of SDG implementation, however, opportunity remains to take actions to accelerate progress, as shown by the catalytic effects of adopting the Millennium Development Goals after 2000. With the SDGs' broader, bolder development agenda, multisectoral commitments and investments are vital to make the health-related SDGs within reach of all populations.

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  • 47.
    Fullman, Nancy
    et al.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Yearwood, Jamal
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Abay, Solomon M.
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Abbafati, Cristiana
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
    Abd-Allah, Foad
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt.
    Abdela, Jemal
    Haramaya Univ, Coll Hlth & Med Sci, Harar, Ethiopia.
    Abdelalim, Ahmed
    Cairo Univ, Dept Neurol, Cairo, Egypt.
    Abebe, Zegeye
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
    Abebo, Teshome Abuka
    Hawassa Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
    Aboyans, Victor
    Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Limoges, France.
    Abraha, Haftom Niguse
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Abreu, Daisy M. X.
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
    Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
    Weill Cornell Med Coll Qatar, Infect Dis Epidemiol Grp, Doha, Qatar.
    Adane, Akilew Awoke
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji
    Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Med Rehabil, Ife, Nigeria.
    Adetokunboh, Olatunji
    Stellenbosch Univ, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Adhikari, Tara Ballav
    Univ Southern Denmark, Fac Hlth Sci, Unit Hlth Promot Res, Esbjerg, Denmark.
    Afarideh, Mohsen
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Afshin, Ashkan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Agarwal, Gina
    McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada;CSIR, Inst Genom & Integrat Biol, Delhi, India;Baylor Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA;Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurugram, India;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India.
    Agius, Dominic
    Directorate Hlth Informat & Res, Pieta, Malta;Malta Coll Family Doctors, Gzira, Malta.
    Agrawal, Anurag
    Agrawal, Sutapa
    Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad
    Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci Lund, Dept Clin Sci Lund,Orthoped,Clin Epidemiol Unit,N, Lund, Sweden.
    Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine
    High Natl Sch Vet Med, Algiers, Algeria.
    Akibu, Mohammed
    Debere Berhan Univ, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
    Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola
    Univ Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
    Akinyemiju, Tomi F.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA.
    Akseer, Nadia
    Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada;Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Al Lami, Faris Hasan
    Baghdad Coll Med, Baghdad, Iraq.
    Alahdab, Fares
    Mayo Clin, Fdn Med Educ & Res, Rochester, MN USA;Syrian Amer Med Soc, Washington, DC USA.
    Al-Aly, Ziyad
    Washington Univ St Louis, St Louis, MO USA.
    Alam, Khurshid
    Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Alam, Tahiya
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Alasfoor, Deena
    Minist Hlth, Int Relat Div, Al Khuwair, Oman.
    Albittar, Mohammed I.
    Alene, Kefyalew Addis
    Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Gondar, Ethiopia;Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
    Al-Eyadhy, Ayman
    King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Ali, Syed Danish
    Univ London, London, England;SIR Management Consultants, Oxford, England;Inst & Fac Actuaries, Oxford, England.
    Alijanzadeh, Mehran
    Qazvin Univ Med Sci, Qavin, Iran.
    Aljunid, Syed M.
    Kuwait Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Kuwait, Kuwait;Natl Univ Malaysia, Int Ctr Casemix & Clin Coding, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Alkerwi, Ala'a
    Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg.
    Alla, Francois
    Univ Lorraine, Sch Publ Hlth, Nancy, France.
    Allebeck, Peter
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Allen, Christine
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Alomari, Mahmoud A.
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Appl Med Sci, Dept Rehabil Sci, Div Phys Therapy, Irbid, Jordan.
    Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
    King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Coll Med, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
    Alsharif, Ubai
    Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Altirkawi, Khalid A.
    King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Alvis-Guzman, Nelson
    Univ Cartagena, Cartagena De Indias, Colombia.
    Amare, Azmeraw T.
    Bahir Dar Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
    Amenu, Kebede
    Ammar, Walid
    Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon.
    Amoako, Yaw Ampem
    Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Dept Med, Kumasi, Ghana.
    Anber, Nahla
    Andrei, Catalina Liliana
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, Romania.
    Androudi, Sofia
    Univ Thessaly, Larisa, Greece.
    Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
    Univ Philippines Manila, Coll Publ Hlth, Manila, Philippines;Univ Philippines Manila, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines.
    Araujo, Valdelaine E. M.
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;Minist Hlth Brazil, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
    Aremu, Olatunde
    Birmingham City Univ Dept Publ Hlth & Therapies, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
    Arnlov, Johan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Stockholm, Sweden;Dalama Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden.
    Artaman, Al
    Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
    Aryal, Krishna Kumar
    Nepal Hlth Res Council, Kathmandu, Nepal;Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Asayesh, Hamid
    Qom Univ Med Sci, Sch Paramed, Dept Emergency Med, Qom, Iran.
    Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay
    Mekelle Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia;Mekelle Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Asghar, Rana Jawad
    South Asian Publ Hlth Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    Ashebir, Mengistu Mitiku
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Asseffa, Netsanet Abera
    Atey, Tesfay Mehari
    Atre, Sachin R.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Clin Global Hlth Educ, Baltimore, MD USA;Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
    Atteraya, Madhu S.
    Keimyung Univ, Daegu, South Korea.
    Avila-Burgos, Leticia
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur
    Inst Rech Clin Benin, Cotonou, Benin;Lab Etudes & Rech Act St LERAS Afrique, Parakou, Benin.
    Awasthi, Ashish
    Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gandhinagar, India.
    Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
    La Trobe Univ, Judith Lumley Ctr Mother Infant & Family Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;Peruvian Natl Inst Hlth, Lima, Peru.
    Ayalew, Animut Alebel
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
    Ayele, Henok Tadesse
    McGill Univ, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Occupat Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada;Dilla Univ, Dilla, Ethiopia.
    Ayer, Rakesh
    Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Ayuk, Tambe Betrand
    Inst Med Res & Plant Med Studies Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon;Univ South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
    Azzopardi, Peter
    Burnet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;South Australian Hlth & Med Res Inst, Wardliparingga Aboriginal Res Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
    Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha
    Directorate Hlth Informat & Res, Pieta, Malta;Univ Malta, Isl & Small States Inst, Dept Hlth Serv Management, Msida, Malta.
    Babalola, Tesleem Kayode
    Univ Lagos, Dept Community Hlth & Primary Care, Lagos, Nigeria.
    Badali, Hamid
    Invas Fungi Res Ctr, Sari, Iran;Ctr Expertise Mycol Radboudumc CWZ, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
    Badawi, Alaa
    Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada;Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
    Banach, Maciej
    Med Univ Lodz, Dept Hypertens, Lodz, Poland.
    Banerjee, Amitava
    UCL, Inst Hlth Informat, Farr Inst Hlth Informat Res, London, England.
    Banstola, Amrit
    Publ Hlth Perspect Nepal, Pokhara, Nepal.
    Barber, Ryan M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Barboza, Miguel A.
    Hosp Dr Rafael A Calderon Guardia, CCSS, San Jose, Costa Rica;Univ Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.
    Barker-Collo, Suzanne L.
    Univ Auckland, Sch Psychol, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Baernighausen, Till
    Barquera, Simon
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Barrero, Lope H.
    Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Sch Engn, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia.
    Bassat, Quique
    Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Inst Global Hlth, Barcelona, Spain;ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
    Basu, Sanjay
    Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA USA.
    Baune, Bernhard T.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Discipline Psychiat, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
    Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
    Charles R Drew Univ Med & Sci, Coll Med, Los Angeles, CA USA;Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
    Bedi, Neeraj
    Jazan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
    Beghi, Ettore
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
    Behzadifar, Masoud
    Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Khorramabad, Iran;Lorestan Univ Med Sci, Khorramabad, Iran;Iran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Management & Econ Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Behzadifar, Meysam
    Bekele, Bayu Begashaw
    Univ Gondar, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Gondar, Ethiopia;Mizan Tepi Univ, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia.
    Belachew, Abate Bekele
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Belay, Saba Abraham
    Dr Tewelde Legesse Hlth Sci Coll, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Belay, Yihalem Abebe
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
    Bell, Michelle L.
    Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
    Bello, Aminu K.
    Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    Bennett, Derrick A.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Populat Hlth, Oxford, England.
    Bennett, James R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Bensenor, Isabela M.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Berhe, Derbew Fikadu
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Pharm, Mekelle, Ethiopia;Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
    Bernabe, Eduardo
    Kings Coll London, London, England.
    Bernstein, Robert Steven
    Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA;Univ South Honda, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Tampa, FL USA.
    Beuran, Mircea
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, Romania;Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
    Bhalla, Ashish
    Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Chandigarh, India.
    Bhatt, Paurvi
    Medtron Philanthropy, Minneapolis, MN USA.
    Bhaumik, Soumyadeep
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India.
    Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
    Hosp Sick Children, Ctr Global Child Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada;Aga Khan Univ, Ctr Excellence Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
    Biadgo, Belete
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
    Bijani, Ali
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Res Inst, Babol Sar, Iran.
    Bikbov, Boris
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
    Birungi, Charles
    UCL, London, England.
    Biryukov, Stan
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Bizuneh, Hailemichael
    St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Jigjiga Univ, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
    Bolliger, Ian W.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Bolt, Kaylin
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R.
    Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon.
    Bozorgmehr, Kayvan
    Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Dept Gen Practice & Hlth Serv Res, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Brady, Oliver Jerome
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
    Brazinova, Alexandra
    Comenius Univ, Inst Epidemiol, Fac Med, Bratislava, Slovakia.
    Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.
    Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
    Brenner, Hermann
    German Canc Res Ctr, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Britton, Gabrielle
    INDICASAT AIP, Panama City, Panama.
    Brugha, Traolach S.
    Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England.
    Butt, Zahid A.
    Al Shifa Trust Eye Hosp, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
    Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico;Harvard Univ, Harvard T H Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Africa Hlth Res Inst, Mtubatuba, South Africa.
    Campuzano, Julio Cesar
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Car, Josip
    Nanyang Technol Univ, LKCMed, Singapore, Singapore;Imperial Coll London, London, England.
    Car, Mate
    Imperial Coll London, London, England;Minist Hlth Republ Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia.
    Cardenas, Rosario
    Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
    Carrero, Juan Jesus
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden;Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Carvalho, Felix
    Univ Porto, Fac Pharm, Porto, Portugal.
    Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
    Inst Nacl Salud, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia;Univ Nacl Colombia, Publ Hlth Dept, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Evaluat Grp, Bogota, Colombia.
    Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo
    Univ Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica;Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa Rica.
    Catala-Lopez, Ferran
    Univ Valencia, INCLIVA Hlth Res Inst, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain;Univ Valencia, CIBERSAM, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain;Ottawa Hosp Res Inst, Clin Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
    Cercy, Kelly
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Chalek, Julian
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Chang, Hsing-Yi
    Natl Hlth Res Inst, Zgunan Town, Taiwan;Natl Yang Ming Univ, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Chang, Jung-Chen
    Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Sch Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Chattopadhyay, Aparajita
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
    Chaturvedi, Pankaj
    Tata Mem Hosp, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
    Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia
    Gold Coast Hlth, Clin Governance Unit, Southport, Qld, Australia.
    Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe
    Univ Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Choi, Jee-Young J.
    Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea;Seoul Natl Univ, Med Lib, Seoul, South Korea.
    Christensen, Hanne
    Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Chung, Sheng-Chia
    UCL, Inst Hlth Informat, Farr Inst Hlth Informat Res, London, England.
    Ciobanu, Liliana G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Discipline Psychiat, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
    Cirillo, Massimo
    Univ Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
    Colombara, Danny
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Conti, Sara
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
    Cooper, Cyrus
    Univ Oxford, NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomed Res Ctr, Oxford, England;Univ Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Southampton, Hants, England.
    Cornaby, Leslie
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Cortesi, Paolo Angelo
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Res Ctr Publ Hlth, Monza, Italy.
    Cortinovis, Monica
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
    Pereira, Alexandre Costa
    Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Heart, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Cousin, Ewerton
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
    Criqui, Michael H.
    Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
    Cromwell, Elizabeth A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Crowe, Christopher Stephen
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Crump, John A.
    Univ Otago, Dunedin Sch Med, Ctr Int Hlth, Dunedin, New Zealand.
    Daba, Alemneh Kabeta
    Hawassa Univ, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
    Dachew, Berihun Assefa
    Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia;Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;Wolaita Sodo Univ, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
    Dadi, Abel Fekadu
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
    Dandona, Lalit
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India.
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India.
    Dargan, Paul I.
    Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, London, England.
    Daryani, Ahmad
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Toxoplasmosis Res Ctr, Sari, Iran.
    Daryani, Maryam
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sari, Iran.
    Das, Jai
    Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan.
    Das, Siddharth Kumar
    KG Med Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    das Neves, Jose
    Univ Porto, INEB Inst Engn Biomed, Porto, Portugal;Univ Porto, Inst Invest & Inovacao Sande I3S, Porto, Portugal.
    Weaver, Nicole Davis
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Davletov, Kairat
    Kazakh Natl Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan.
    de Courten, Barbora
    Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;Monash Med Ctr, Clayton, Vic, Australia.
    De Leo, Diego
    Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    De Neve, Jan-Walter
    Heidelberg Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Dellavalle, Robert P.
    Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Aurora, CO USA;Colorado Sch Publ Hlth, Aurora, CO USA.
    Demoz, Gebre
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Aksum Univ, Aksum, Ethiopia.
    Deribe, Kebede
    Addis Ababa Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Brighton & Sussex Med Sch, Brighton, E Sussex, England.
    Des Jarlais, Don C.
    Mt Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY USA;Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA.
    Dey, Subhojit
    Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurugram, India.
    Dharmaratne, Samath D.
    Univ Peradeniya, Fac Med, Dept Community Med, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
    Dhimal, Meghnath
    Govt Nepal, Nepal Hlth Res Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
    Djalalinia, Shirin
    Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Res & Technol, Tehran, Iran.
    Doku, David Teye
    Univ Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana;Univ Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
    Dolan, Kate
    UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Dorsey, E. Ray
    Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
    Bender dos Santos, Kadine Priscila
    Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
    Doyle, Kerrie E.
    Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Populat Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia;RMIT Univ, Bundoora, Vic, Australia.
    Driscoll, Tim R.
    Univ Sydney, Sydney Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Dubey, Manisha
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
    Dubljanin, Eleonora
    Univ Belgrade, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Belgrade, Serbia.
    Duncan, Bruce Bartholow
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
    Echko, Michelle
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Edessa, Dumessa
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia.
    Edvardsson, David
    La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic, Australia;Umea Univ, Umea, Sweden.
    Ehrlich, Joshua R.
    Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
    Eldrenkamp, Erika
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    El-Khatib, Ziad
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden;Harvard Med Sch, Dept Global Hlth & Social Med, Kigali, Rwanda.
    Endres, Matthias
    Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Endries, Aman Yesuf
    Arba Minch Univ, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
    Eshrati, Babak
    Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran;Arak Univ Med Sci, Arak, Iran.
    Eskandarieh, Sharareh
    Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Fakhar, Mahdi
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Mol & Cell Biol Res Ctr, Sari, Iran.
    Farag, Tamer
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Faramarzi, Mahbobeh
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Babol Sar, Iran.
    Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino
    Univ Philippines Manila, Coll Publ Hlth, Manila, Philippines;Univ Philippines Manila, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Manila, Philippines;Dept Hlth, Manila, Philippines.
    Faro, Andre
    Univ Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil.
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Fatusi, Adesegun
    Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Community Hlth, Ife, Nigeria.
    Fazeli, Mir Sohail
    Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, CA USA.
    Feigin, Valery L.
    Auckland Univ Technol, Natl Inst Stroke & Appl Neurosci, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Feigl, Andrea B.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard T H Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Fentahun, Netsanet
    Jimma Univ, Inst Hlth, Fac Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Soc, Jimma, Ethiopia.
    Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fernandes, Eduarda
    Univ Porto, Dept Chem Sci, Porto, Portugal.
    Fernandes, Joao C.
    Catholic Univ Portugal, Fac Biotechnol, CBQF Ctr Biotechnol & Fine Chem Associate Lab, Porto, Portugal.
    Fijabi, Daniel Obadare
    Brandeis Univ, Heller Grad Sch, Waltham, MA USA.
    Filip, Irina
    Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA USA.
    Fischer, Florian
    Univ Bielefeld, Sch Publ Hlth, Bielefeld, Germany.
    Fitzmaurice, Christina
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Hematol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
    Flaxman, Abraham D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Flor, Luisa Sorio
    Escola Nacl Sande Publ Sergio Arouca, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil;Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
    Foigt, Nataliya
    Acad Med Sci, Inst Gerontol, Kiev, Ukraine. Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Basel, Switzerland.
    Foreman, Kyle J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Imperial Coll London, London, England.
    Frostad, Joseph J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Fuerst, Thomas
    Futran, Neal D.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Gakidou, Emmanuela
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Gallus, Silvano
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy;Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florian6poliss, Brazil.
    Gambashidze, Ketevan
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia.
    Gamkrelidze, Amiran
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia.
    Ganji, Morsaleh
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Gebre, Abadi Kahsu
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia.
    Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia;Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany.
    Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa
    Univ Gondar, Inst Publ Hlth, Gondar, Ethiopia;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Geleijnse, Johanna M.
    Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, Wageningen, Netherlands.
    Geremew, Demeke
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
    Gething, Peter W.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England.
    Ghadimi, Reza
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Hlth Res Inst, Babol Sar, Iran;Dept Nutr, Babol Sar, Iran.
    Falavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi
    Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Babol Sar, Iran.
    Gill, Paramjit Singh
    Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry, W Midlands, England.
    Giref, Ababi Zergaw
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Giroud, Maurice
    Univ Hosp Dijon, Dijon, France.
    Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia;Kersa Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst, Harar, Ethiopia.
    Giussani, Giorgia
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
    Godwin, William W.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Goli, Srinivas
    Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi, India.
    Gomez-Dantes, Hector
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Gona, Philimon N.
    Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
    Goodridge, Amador
    Inst Invest Cient Serv Alta Tecnol INDICASAT AIP, Ciudad Saber, Panama.
    Gopalani, Sameer Vali
    Govt Federated States Micronesia, Dept Hlth & Social Affairs, Palikir, Micronesia.
    Goryakin, Yevgeniy
    Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Paris, France.
    Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho
    Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, Ctr Clin, Sao Paulo, Brazil;Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Grada, Ayman
    Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
    Griswold, Max
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Grosso, Giuseppe
    Univ Hosp Policlin Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy;NNEdPro Global Ctr Nutr & Hlth, Cambridge, England.
    Gugnani, Harish Chander
    St James Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Quarter, Anguilla;St James Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Quarter, Anguilla.
    Guo, Yuming
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Gupta, Rahul
    West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA.
    Gupta, Rajeev
    Eternal Heart Care Ctr, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India;Res Inst, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
    Gupta, Tanush
    Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA;Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
    Gupta, Tarun
    Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Gupta, Vipin
    Univ Delhi, Dept Anthropol, Delhi, India.
    Haagsma, Juanita A.
    Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Hachinski, Vladimir
    Western Univ, London, ON, Canada.
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia;Kilte Awlaelo Hlth & Demog Surveillance Syst, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi
    Arabian Gulf Univ, Manama, Bahrain.
    Hamidi, Samer
    Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart Univ, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
    Hankey, Graeme J.
    Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Perth, WA, Australia;Harry Perkins Inst Med Res, Nedlands, WA, Australia;Western Australian Neurosci Res Inst, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
    Harb, Hilda L.
    Harewood, Heather C.
    Eunice Gibson Polyclin, Bridgetown, Barbados.
    Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
    Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
    Haro, Josep Maria
    Parc Sanitari St Joan Deu CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
    Hassen, Hamid Yimam
    Mizan Tepi Univ, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia.
    Havmoeller, Rasmus
    Hawley, Caitlin
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Hay, Simon I.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Univ Oxford, Li Ka Shing Ctr Hlth Informat & Discovery, Oxford Big Data Inst, Oxford, England.
    He, Jiawei
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Hearps, Stephen J. C.
    Murdoch Childrens Res Hosp, Child Neuropsychol, Parkville, Vic, Australia.
    Hegazy, Mohamed I.
    Cairo Univ, Fac Med, Cairo, Egypt.
    Heibati, Behzad
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Heidari, Mohsen
    Hormozgan Univ Med Sci, Fac Hlth, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
    Hendrie, Delia
    Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Henry, Nathaniel J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo
    Gorgas Mem Inst Studies Hlth, Panama City, Panama;Univ Panama, Panama City, Panama.
    Herteliu, Claudiu
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania.
    Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw
    Hawassa Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
    Hiluf, Molla Kahssay
    Samara Univ, Samara, Ethiopia.
    Hoek, Hans W.
    Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Psychiat, Groningen, Netherlands;Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10027 USA.
    Rad, Enayatollah Homaie
    Guilan Univ Med Sci, Guilan Rd Trauma Res Ctr, Rasht, Iran.
    Horita, Nobuyuki
    Yokohama City Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Pulmonol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
    Hosgood, H. Dean
    Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
    Hosseini, Mostafa
    Hosseini, Seyed Reza
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth Res Inst, Babol Sar, Iran.
    Hostiuc, Mihaela
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, Romania.
    Hostiuc, Sorin
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, Romania.
    Hoy, Damian G.
    Pacific Community, Publ Hlth Div, Noumea, New Caledonia.
    Hsairi, Mohamed
    Salah Azaiz Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Tunis, Tunisia.
    Htet, Aung Soe
    Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Hu, Guoqing
    Cent S Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Peoples R China.
    Huang, John J.
    Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
    Iburg, Kim Moesgaard
    Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Idris, Fachmi
    Sriwijaya Univ, Palembang, Indonesia;Social Secur Administering Body Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia.
    Igumbor, Ehimario Uche
    US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pretoria, South Africa;Univ Western Cape, Sch Publ Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Ikeda, Chad
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
    Ilesanmi, Olayinka S.
    Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Monrovia, CA, Liberia.
    Innos, Kaire
    Natl Inst Hlth Dev, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
    Prevent Metab Disorders Res Ctr, Res Inst Endocrine Sci, Tehran, Iran;Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran.
    Irvine, Caleb M. S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Islami, Farhad
    Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
    Jacobs, Troy A.
    USAID Global Hlth Bur, HIDN, MCH Div, Washington, DC USA.
    Jacobsen, Kathryn H.
    George Mason Univ, Dept Global & Community Hlth, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
    Jahanmehr, Nader
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran, Iran.
    Jain, Rajesh
    Jain Hosp MSS, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Jain, Sudhir Kumar
    Natl Ctr Dis Control Delhi, Delhi, India.
    Jakovljevic, Mihajlo M.
    Univ Washington, Ctr Hlth Trends & Forecasts, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Univ Kragujevac, Fac Med Sci, Kragujevac, Serbia.
    Jalu, Moti Tolera
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia;St Pauls Hosp, Millennium Med Coll, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Jamal, Amr A.
    Javanbakht, Mehdi
    Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
    Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra
    Postgrad Inst Med, Colombo, Sri Lanka;Inst Violence & Injury Prevent, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Jeemon, Panniyammakal
    Ctr Control Chron Condit, Gurugram, India;Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India.
    Jha, Ravi Prakash
    Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Jha, Vivekanand
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England;George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, India.
    Jozwiak, Jacek
    Czestochowa Tech Univ, Inst Hlth & Nutr Sci, Czestochowa, Poland.
    John, Oommen
    George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, India.
    Johnson, Sarah Charlotte
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Jonas, Jost B.
    Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Mannheim, Germany.
    Joshua, Vasna
    Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Epidemiol, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Juerisson, Mikk
    Univ Tartu, Inst Family Med & Publ Hlth, Tartu, Estonia.
    Kabir, Zubair
    Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland.
    Kadel, Rajendra
    London Sch Econ & Polit Sci, London, England.
    Kahsay, Amaha
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Kalani, Rizwan
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Kar, Chittaranjan
    SCB Med Coll, Cuttack, Orissa, India.
    Karanikolos, Marina
    European Observ Hlth Syst & Policies, London, England.
    Karch, Andre
    Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Epidemiol & Stat Methods Res Grp, Braunschweig, Germany;German Ctr Infect Res, Hannover, Germany.
    Karema, Corine Kakizi
    Swiss Trop & Publ Hlth Inst, Basel, Switzerland. Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland;Qual & Equity Hlth Care, Kigali, Rwanda.
    Karimi, Seyed M.
    Univ Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA USA.
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Malignancies Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Hematol Oncol & Stem Cell Transplantat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Kassa, Dessalegn Haile
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
    Kassa, Getachew Mullu
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
    Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Kassebaum, Nicholas J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Seattle Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA USA.
    Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal
    Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
    Kaul, Anil
    Oklahoma State Univ, Tulsa, OK USA.
    Kawakami, Norito
    Univ Tokyo, Sch Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan.
    Kazanjan, Konstantin
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia.
    Kebede, Seifu
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
    Inst Trop & Infect Dis, Nairobi, Kenya;Sch Continuing & Distance Educ, Nairobi, Kenya.
    Kemp, Grant Rodgers
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Kengne, Andre Pascal
    South African Med Res Council, UKZN Gastrointestinal Canc Res Ctr, Cape Town, South Africa;Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Hatter Inst Cardiovasc Res Africa, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Kereselidze, Maia
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia.
    Ketema, Ezra Belay
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Khader, Yousef Saleh
    Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Community Med Publ Hlth & Family Med, Irbid, Jordan;Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Appl Med Sci, Dept Rehabil Sci, Div Phys Therapy, Irbid, Jordan.
    Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif
    Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Ahwaz, Iran.
    Khajavi, Alireza
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Tehran, Iran.
    Khalil, Ibrahim A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
    Hlth Serv Acad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    Khan, Gulfaraz
    United Arab Emirates Univ, Coll Med Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.
    Khan, Md Nuruzzaman
    Univ Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia;Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam Univ, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
    Khan, Muhammad Ali
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA;Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA.
    Khanal, Mukti Nath
    Dept Hlth Serv Hlth Management Informat Syst, Kathmandu, Nepal.
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Coll Hlth Sci, Seoul, South Korea;Seoul Natl Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Hlth Policy & Management, Seoul, South Korea.
    Khater, Mona M.
    Cairo Univ, Fac Med, Cairo, Egypt;Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt.
    Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Clin Global Hlth Educ, Baltimore, MD USA;Mohammed Ibn Saudi Univ, Coll Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Mohammed Ibn Saudi Univ, Coll Med, Dept Family Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Khosravi, Ardeshir
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran;Iranian Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran.
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Ball State Univ, Dept Nutr & Hlth Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA.
    Kibret, Getiye Dejenu
    Addis Ababa Univ, Coll Vet Med & Agr, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
    Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari
    Kenya Revenue Author, Nairobi, Kenya;Synotech Consultants, Nairobi, Kenya.
    Kim, Daniel
    Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Kim, Yun Jin
    Xiamen Univ, Sch Med, Malaysia Campus, Sepang, Malaysia.
    Kimokoti, Ruth W.
    Simmons Coll, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Kinfu, Yohannes
    Univ Canberra, Ctr Res & Action Publ Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
    Kinra, Sanjay
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
    Kisa, Adnan
    Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Kissoon, Niranjan
    Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    Kochhar, Sonali
    Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India.
    Kokubo, Yoshihiro
    Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
    Kopec, Jacek A.
    Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Natl Inst Hlth Res Dev, Ctr Community Empowerment Hlth Policy & Humanitie, Jakarta, Indonesia.
    Koul, Parvaiz A.
    Sher Kashmir Inst Med Sci, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
    Koyanagi, Ai
    Parc Sanitari St Joan Deu CIBERSAM, Res & Dev Unit, Barcelona, Spain.
    Kravchenko, Michael
    Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia.
    Krishan, Kewal
    Panjab Univ, Chandigarh, India.
    Krohn, Kristopher J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
    Univ Montreal, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Demog, Montreal, PQ, Canada;Univ Montreal, Sch Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada;Univ Montreal, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
    Kumar, G. Anil
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India.
    Kumar, Pushpendra
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
    Kutz, Michael
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Kuzin, Igor
    Minist Hlth Ukraine, State Inst Publ Hlth Ctr, Kiev, Ukraine.
    Kyu, Hmwe H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar
    Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Chandigarh, India.
    Lafranconi, Alessandra
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
    Lal, Dharmesh Kumar
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India.
    Lalloo, Ratilal
    Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Lam, Hilton
    NHLBI, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Inst Hlth Policy & Dev Studies, Natl Inst Hlth, Manila, Philippines.
    Lan, Qing
    NCI, Rockville, MD USA.
    Lang, Justin J.
    Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada;Childrens Hosp, Eastern Ontario Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
    Lansingh, Van C.
    Help Me See Inc, New York, NY USA;Inst Mexicano Oftalmol, Queretaro, Mexico.
    Lansky, Sonia
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;Secretaria Municipal Sande, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Latifi, Arman
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, Iran.
    Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor
    Univ Barcelona, Hosp Clin, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain;Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, CHIP, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Leasher, Janet L.
    Nova Southeastern Univ, Coll Optometry, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA.
    Lee, Paul H.
    Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Legesse, Yirga
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Leigh, James
    Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Leshargie, Cheru Tesema
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
    Leta, Samson
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Leung, Janni
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Leung, Ricky
    SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
    Levi, Miriam
    Tuscany Reg Ctr Occupat Injuries & Dis, Florence, Italy.
    Li, Yongmei
    San Francisco VA Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA.
    Liang, Juan
    Sichuan Univ, West China Univ Hosp 2, Natl Off Maternal & Child Hlth Surveillance, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
    Liben, Misgan Legesse
    Samara Univ, Samara, Ethiopia.
    Lim, Lee-Ling
    Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Lim, Stephen S.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Lind, Margaret
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Linn, Shai
    Univ Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
    Listl, Stefan
    Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany;Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
    Liu, Patrick Y.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Liu, Shiwei
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
    Lodha, Rakesh
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
    Lopez, Alan D.
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
    Lorch, Scott A.
    Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
    Lorkowski, Stefan
    Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Nutr, Jena, Germany;Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth NutriCA, Jena, Germany.
    Lotufo, Paulo A.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Lucas, Timothy C. D.
    Univ Oxford, Li Ka Shing Ctr Hlth Informat & Discovery, Oxford Big Data Inst, Oxford, England;Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford, England.
    Lunevicius, Raimundas
    Aintree Univ Hosp Natl Hlth Serv Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England;Univ Liverpool, Sch Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Lurton, Gregoire
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Lyons, Ronan A.
    Swansea Univ, Farr Inst, Swansea, W Glam, Wales.
    Maalouf, Fadi
    Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Dept Psychiat, Beirut, Lebanon.
    Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King
    Harvard Univ, Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Mackay, Mark T.
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia;Royal Childrens Hosp Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Maddison, Emilie R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Madotto, Fabiana
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
    Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy
    Mansoura Fac Med, Mansoura, Egypt;Aswan Univ Hosp, Aswan Fac Med, Aswan, Egypt.
    Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy
    Majdan, Marek
    Trnava Univ, Fac Hlth Sci & Social Work, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia.
    Majdzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Knowledge Utilizat Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran;Univ Tehran Med Sci, Community Based Participatory Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran;Natl Inst Hlth Res, Tehran, Iran.
    Majeed, Azeem
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England.
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.
    Malhotra, Rajesh
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
    Malta, Deborah Carvalho
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
    Mamun, Abdullah A.
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Manguerra, Helena
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Manhertz, Treh
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Tehran, Iran.
    Mantovani, Lorenzo G.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
    Manyazewal, Tsegahun
    Ethiopian Publ Hlth Assoc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Mapoma, Chabila C.
    Univ Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
    Margono, Christopher
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Martinez-Raga, Jose
    Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain;CEU Cardinal Herrera Univ, Moncada, Spain.
    Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques
    Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;Hosp Moinhos Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
    Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio
    Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Ceara, Caucaia, Brazil. Synlab Acad, Mannheim, Germany. Med Univ Graz, Clin Inst Med & Chem Lab Diagnost, Graz, Austria.
    Martopullo, Ira
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Maerz, Winfried
    Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard
    Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Div Plast Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Harvard Med Sch, Program Global Surg & Social Change, Kigali, Rwanda.
    Mathur, Manu Raj
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India;UCL, London, England.
    Maulik, Pallab K.
    George Inst Global Hlth India, New Delhi, India;Univ Oxford, George Inst Global Hlth, Oxford, England.
    Mazidi, Mohsen
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Biol & Biol Engn Food & Nutr Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    McAlinden, Colm
    Univ Hosp Bristol NHS Fdn Trust, Bristol, Avon, England;Publ Hlth Wales, Swansea, W Glam, Wales.
    McGrath, John J.
    Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;Aarhus Univ, Aarhus Sch Business & Social Sci, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Pk Ctr Mental Hlth, Wacol, Qld, Australia.
    McKee, Martin
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
    Mehata, Suresh
    Ipas Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
    Mehrotra, Ravi
    Natl Inst Canc Prevent Res, Noida, India.
    Mehta, Kala M.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
    Mehta, Varshil
    MGM Med Coll, Navi Mumbai, India.
    Meier, Toni
    Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Medizin Epidemiol Biometrie & Informat, Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth NutriCA, Saale, Germany.
    Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam
    Mekelle Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia;Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Melku, Mulugeta
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
    Memiah, Peter
    Univ West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA.
    Memish, Ziad A.
    Saudi Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Alfaisal Univ, Coll Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Mendoza, Walter
    United Nations Populat Fund, Lima, Peru.
    Mengiste, Degu Abate
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia.
    Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese
    Mekelle Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Menota, Bereket Gebremichael
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Mensah, George A.
    NHLBI, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Inst Hlth Policy & Dev Studies, Natl Inst Hlth, Manila, Philippines.
    Meretoja, Atte
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;Helsinki Univ Hosp, Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Neurol, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland.
    Meretoja, Tuomo J.
    Univ Helsinki, Fac Med, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth,Work Org,Work Disability Program, Helsinki, Finland.
    Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Miazgowski, Tomasz
    Pomeranian Med Univ, Szczecin, Poland.
    Micha, Renata
    Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
    Milam, Robert
    Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, CA USA.
    Millear, Anoushka
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Miller, Ted R.
    Curtin Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA, Australia;Pacific Inst Res Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA.
    Mini, G. K.
    Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India;Amrita Inst Med Sci, Kochi, India.
    Minnig, Shawn
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Mirica, Andreea
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
    Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
    Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan;Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
    Misganaw, Awoke
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Mitchell, Philip B.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vision Sci, Brien Holden Vision Inst, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
    Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia.
    Moazen, Babak
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Noncommun Dis Res Ctr, Endocrinol & Metab Res Inst, Tehran, Iran;Heidelberg Univ, Fac Med Mannheim, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
    Salahaddin Univ, Erbil, Iraq;Ishik Univ, Erbil, Iraq.
    Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh
    Hamedan Univ Med Sci, Hamadan, Iran.
    Mohammed, Ebrahim
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Mohammed, Mohammed A.
    Jigjiga Univ, Jigjiga, Ethiopia;Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Mohammed, Shafiu
    Heidelberg Univ, Inst Publ Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany;Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria.
    Mokdad, Ali H.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Mola, Glen Liddell D.
    Univ Papua New Guinea, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Reprod Hlth & ObGyn, Boroko, Papua N Guinea.
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Kings Coll London, London, England.
    Momeniha, Fatemeh
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Tehran, Iran.
    Monasta, Lorenzo
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy.
    Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Moosazadeh, Mahmood
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Hlth Sci Res Ctr, Addict Inst, Sari, Iran.
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Tehran, Iran;Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran;Iran Univ Med Sci, Gastrointestinal & Liver Dis Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Moraga, Paula
    Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Med Sch, Lancaster, England.
    Morawska, Lidia
    Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Velasquez, Ilais Moreno
    Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama.
    Mori, Rintaro
    Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan.
    Morrison, Shane D.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Moses, Mark
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Management & Econ, Tehran, Iran.
    Mueller, Ulrich O.
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up German Natl Cohor, Wiesbaden, Germany.
    Murhekar, Manoj
    ICMR Natl Inst Epidemiol, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
    Murthy, Srinivas
    Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    Musa, Jonah
    Univ Jos, Jos, Nigeria;Jos Univ, Teaching Hosp, Jos, Nigeria.
    Musa, Kamarul Imran
    Univ Sci Malaysia, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
    Mustafa, Ghulam
    Helping Hands Fdn, Multan, Pakistan;Nishtar Med Univ, Multan, Pakistan.
    Muthupandian, Saravanan
    Mekelle Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia;Mekelle Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Mekelle, Ethiopia;Mekelle Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Nagata, Chie
    Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan.
    Nagel, Gabriele
    Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany.
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Naheed, Aliya
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Naik, Gurudatta A.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA.
    Naik, Nitish
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
    Najafi, Farid
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran.
    Naldi, Luigi
    Azienda Osped Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
    Nangia, Vinay
    Suraj Eye Inst, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
    Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang
    Univ Yaounde, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Yaounde, Cameroon;Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Control Dis Epidem & Pandem, Yaounde, Cameroon.
    Narayan, K. M. Venkat
    Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
    Nascimento, Bruno Ramos
    Hosp Univ Ciencias Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
    Negoi, Ionut
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, Romania;Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
    Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
    Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, Romania.
    Newton, Charles R.
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England;KEMRI Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya.
    Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku
    Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
    Nguyen, Grant
    Nguyen, Long
    Nguyen, Trang Huyen
    Nichols, Emma
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
    Semarang State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Semarang City, Indonesia;Taipei Med Univ, Grad Inst Biomed Informat, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Nolte, Ellen
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, European Observ Hlth Syst & Policies, London, England.
    Nong, Vuong Minh
    Norheim, Ole F.
    Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
    Norrving, Bo
    Noubiap, Jean Jacques N.
    Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Hatter Inst Cardiovasc Res Africa, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa;Med Diagnost Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon.
    Nyandwi, Alypio
    Rwanda Minist Hlth, Kigali, Rwanda.
    Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf
    Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Hlth Sci, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Dept Psychiat, Beirut, Lebanon.
    Ofori-Asenso, Richard
    Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
    Oh, In-Hwan
    Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea.
    Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
    South Africa & Univ KwaZulu Natal, Human Sci Res Council, Durban, South Africa.
    Olagunju, Andrew Toyin
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Discipline Psychiat, Adelaide, SA, Australia;Univ Lagos, Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria;Lagos Univ, Teaching Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Lagos, Nigeria.
    Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi
    McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada;Western Univ, London, ON, Canada.
    Olivares, Pedro R.
    Univ Autonoma Chile, Talca, Chile.
    Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Patricia Pereira
    Minist Hlth Brazil, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
    Olsen, Helen E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
    Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria.
    Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
    Ctr Healthy Start Initiat, Lagos, Nigeria.
    Ong, Kanyin
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Opio, John Nelson
    Lira Municipal Council, Lira Dist Local Govt, Kampala, Uganda.
    Oren, Eyal
    San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
    Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Ortiz, Alberto
    UAM, IIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
    Ozdemir, Raziye
    Karabuk Univ, Karabuk, Turkey. JSS Univ, JSS Med Coll, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
    Mahesh, P. A.
    Pain, Amanda W.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani
    Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Pana, Adrian
    Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Bucharest, Romania.
    Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra
    Heidelberg Univ, Fac Med Mannheim, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Pandian, Jeyaraj D.
    Christian Med Coll Ludhiana, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
    Park, Eun-Kee
    Kosin Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med Humanities & Social Med, Busan, South Korea.
    Parsian, Hadi
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Babol Sar, Iran.
    Patel, Tejas
    White Plains Hosp, White Plains, NY USA.
    Pati, Sanghamitra
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India.
    Patil, Snehal T.
    Deemed Univ, Krishan Inst Med Sci, Sch Dent Sci, Karad, India.
    Patle, Ajay
    Minist Hlth Family Welf, Natl Hlth Syst Resource Ctr, New Delhi, India.
    Patton, George C.
    Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;Univ Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao
    Diabet Res Soc, Clin Res, Hyderabad, India;DiabetOmics, Portland, OR USA.
    Paudel, Deepak
    UK Dept Int Dev, Lalitpur, Nepal.
    Pedroso, Marcel de Moares
    Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Comunicacao & Informacao Cientif & Tecnol Sa, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
    Pedroza, Sandra P.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Pereira, David M.
    Univ Porto, Fac Farm, Dept Quim, REQUIMTE,LAQV,Lab Farmacognosia, Porto, Portugal.
    Perico, Norberto
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
    Peterson, Hannah
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Petzold, Max
    Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;Univ Gothenburg, Hlth Metr Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Peykari, Niloofar
    Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Tehran, Iran.
    Phillips, Michael Robert
    Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
    Piel, Frederic B.
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England. Imperial Coll London, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England.
    Pigott, David M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Pillay, Julian David
    Durban Univ Technol, Durban, South Africa.
    Piradov, Michael A.
    Res Ctr Neurol, Moscow, Russia.
    Polinder, Suzanne
    Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Dept Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Pond, Constance D.
    Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
    Postma, Maarten J.
    Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    Prakash, Swayam
    Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Prakash, V.
    Charotar Univ Sci & Technol, Anand, Gujarat, India.
    Prasad, Narayan
    Sanjay Gandhi Post Grad Inst Med Sci, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Prasad, Noela Marie
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia;Fred Hollows Fdn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Purcell, Caroline
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Alborz Univ Med Sci, Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr, Karaj, Iran.
    Quintana, Hedley Knewjen
    Commemorat Gorgas Inst Hlth Studies, Panama City, Panama.
    Radfar, Amir
    AT Still Univ, Kirksville, MO USA.
    Rafay, Anwar
    Contech Int Hlth Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan;Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan.
    Rafiei, Alireza
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Mol & Cell Biol Res Ctr, Sari, Iran.
    Rahimi, Kazem
    Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
    Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Iranian Natl Ctr Addict Studies, Tehran, Iran.
    Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Rahman, Mahfuzar
    La Trobe Univ, Austin Clin Sch Nursing, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia;BRAC, Res & Evaluat Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
    Rahman, Sajjad Ur
    Sweidi Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Rai, Rajesh Kumar
    Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Sufi, India.
    Raju, Bhushan
    Nizams Inst Med Sci, Hyderabad, India.
    Ram, Usha
    Int Inst Populat Sci, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
    Rana, Saleem M.
    Contech Int Hlth Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan;Contech Sch Publ Hlth, Lahore, Pakistan.
    Rankin, Zane
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Rasella, Davide
    Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Goncalo Muniz, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
    Rawaf, David Laith
    Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr, London, England;North Hampshire Hosp, Basingstoke, Hants, England;Univ Coll London Hosp, London, England.
    Rawaf, Salman
    Imperial Coll London, London, England.
    Ray, Sarah E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Aspacia Razo-Garcia, Christian
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Reddy, Priscilla
    Human Sci Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Reiner, Robert C.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Reis, Cesar
    Loma Linda Univ Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA USA.
    Reitsma, Marissa B.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Remuzzi, Giuseppe
    IRCCS, Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy;Azienda Sociosanitaria Terr, Bergamo, Italy;Univ Milan, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci L Sacco, Milan, Italy.
    Renzaho, Andre M. N.
    Western Sydney Univ, Ctr Hlth Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Resnikoff, Serge
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vision Sci, Brien Holden Vision Inst, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
    Rezaei, Satar
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran.
    Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh
    Mazandaran Univ Med Sci, Sari, Iran.
    Ribeiro, Antonio L.
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
    Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Rivera, Juan A.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Roever, Leonardo
    Univ Fed Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.
    Ronfani, Luca
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy.
    Roshandel, Gholamreza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran;Golestan Univ Med Sci, Golestan Res Ctr Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Gorgan, Iran.
    Rostami, Ali
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Sch Med, Infect Dis & Trop Med Res Ctr, Babol Sar, Iran.
    Roth, Gregory A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Rothenbacher, Dietrich
    Ulm Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Med Biometry, Ulm, Germany.
    Roy, Ambuj
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
    Roy, Nobhojit
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden;HBNI Univ, BARC Hosp, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
    Ruhago, George Mugambage
    Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Sabde, Yogesh Damodar
    Natl Inst Res Environm Hlth, Bhopal, India.
    Sachdev, Perminder S.
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Optometry & Vision Sci, Brien Holden Vision Inst, Kensington, NSW, Australia;Prince Wales Hosp, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
    Sadat, Nafis
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Safdarian, Mahdi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Safiri, Saeid
    Maragheh Univ Med Sci, Managerial Epidemiol Res Ctr, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Dept Publ Hlth, Maragheh, Iran.
    Sagar, Rajesh
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
    Sahebkar, Amirhossein
    Univ Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia;Mashhad Univ Med Sci, Mashhad, Iran.
    Sahraian, Mohammad Ali
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, MS Res Ctr, Neurosci Inst, Tehran, Iran.
    Sajadi, Haniye Sadat
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Tehran, Iran.
    Salama, Joseph
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Salamati, Payman
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas
    Fiocruz MS, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
    Salimzadeh, Hamideh
    Salomon, Joshua A.
    Harvard Univ, Harvard T H Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Samy, Abdallah M.
    Ain Shams Univ, Fac Sci, Cairo, Egypt.
    Sanabria, Juan Ramon
    Marshall Univ, Edwards Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Huntington, WV USA;Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
    Sancheti, Parag K.
    Sancheti Inst Orthopaed Rehabil, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
    Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores
    IIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
    Santomauro, Damian
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Santos, Itamar S.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Internal Med Dept, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Milicevic, Milena M. Santric
    Univ Belgrade, Ctr Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Management, Belgrade, Serbia;Univ Belgrade, Fac Med, Inst Social Med, Belgrade, Serbia.
    Sarker, Abdur Razzaque
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
    Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada;Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Inst, Esfahan, Iran.
    Sartorius, Benn
    South African Med Res Council, UKZN Gastrointestinal Canc Res Ctr, Cape Town, South Africa;Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Med, Durban, South Africa.
    Satpathy, Maheswar
    Utkal Univ, Ctr Adv Study Psychol, Bhubaneswar, India.
    Savic, Miloje
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Oslo, Norway.
    Sawhney, Monika
    Marshall Univ, Edwards Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Huntington, WV USA.
    Saxena, Sonia
    Imperial Coll London, London, England.
    Saylan, Mete I.
    Bayer Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Schaeffner, Elke
    Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Schmidhuber, Josef
    Food & Agr Org, Global Perspect Studies, Rome, Italy.
    Schmidt, Maria Ines
    Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
    Schneider, Ione J. C.
    Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florian6poliss, Brazil.
    Schumacher, Austin E.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Schutte, Aletta E.
    South African Med Res Council, UKZN Gastrointestinal Canc Res Ctr, Cape Town, South Africa;North West Univ, Hypertens Africa Res Team, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
    Schwebel, David C.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA.
    Schwendicke, Falk
    Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Sekerija, Mario
    Croatian Inst Publ Hlth, Croatian Natl Canc Registry, Zagreb, Croatia;Univ Zagreb, Sch Publ Hlth Dr Andrija A Tampar, Sch Med, Zagreb, Croatia.
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran.
    Servan-Mori, Edson E.
    Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuemavaca, Mexico.
    Shafieesabet, Azadeh
    NYU, Langone Med Ctr, Dept Rehabil Med, New York, NY 10003 USA.
    Shaikh, Masood Ali
    Shakh-Nazarova, Marina
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia.
    Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Sharafi, Heidar
    Deakin Univ, Middle East Liver Dis Ctr, Inst Phys Activ & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia.
    Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sina Trauma & Surg Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
    George Inst Global Hlth, New Delhi, India;Deakin Univ, Middle East Liver Dis Ctr, Inst Phys Activ & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia.
    Sharma, Meenakshi
    Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Epidemiol, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Sharma, Rajesh
    Delhi Technol Univ, Univ Sch Management & Entrepreneurship, Delhi, India.
    She, Jun
    Fudan Univ, Zhongshan Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
    Sheikh, Aziz
    Harvard Med Sch, Kigali, Rwanda.
    Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin
    Aksum Univ, Coll Hlth Sci & Referral Hosp, Aksum, Ethiopia.
    Shi, Peilin
    Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
    Shields, Chloe
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Shigematsu, Mika
    Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan.
    Shinohara, Yukito
    Tachikawa Hosp, Tokyo, Japan.
    Shiri, Rahman
    Univ Helsinki, Fac Med, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth,Work Org,Work Disability Program, Helsinki, Finland.
    Shirkoohi, Reza
    Univ Tehran Med Sci, Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Shiue, Ivy
    Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Medizin Epidemiol Biometrie & Informat, Competence Cluster Nutr & Cardiovasc Hlth NutriCA, Saale, Germany;Univ Edinburgh, Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Res Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Shrime, Mark G.
    Harvard Med Sch, Kigali, Rwanda.
    Shukla, Sharvari Rahul
    Symbiosis Int Univ, Symbiosis Inst Hlth Sci, Pune, Maharashtra, India;KEM Hosp Res Ctr, Diabet Unit, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
    Siabani, Soraya
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran;Univ Technol Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
    Reykjavik Univ, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Silberberg, Donald H.
    Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
    Santos Silva, Diego Augusto
    Silva, Joao Pedro
    Univ Porto, Fac Pharm, Toxicol Grp, UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Porto, Portugal.
    Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele
    Brasilia Univ, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
    Singh, Jasvinder A.
    Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA.
    Singh, Lavanya
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Singh, Narinder Pal
    Max Hosp, Ghaziabad, India.
    Singh, Virendra
    Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
    Sinha, Dhirendra Narain
    Sch Prevent Oncol, Patna, Bihar, India;Natl Inst Canc Prevent, CTC Global Knowledge Hub Smokeless Tobacco, Noida, India.
    Sinke, Abiy Hiruye
    Ethiopian Med Assoc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Sisay, Mekonnen
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia.
    Skirbekk, Vegard
    Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA;Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Oslo, Norway.
    Sliwa, Karen
    Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Hatter Inst Cardiovasc Res Africa, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Smith, Alison
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Soares Filho, Adauto Martins
    Sobaih, Badr H. A.
    King Khalid Univ Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Somai, Melek
    Tunisian Ctr Publ Hlth, Les Berges Du Lac, Tunisia.
    Soneji, Samir
    Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
    Soofi, Moslem
    Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran.
    Sorensen, Reed J. D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Soriano, Joan B.
    Inst Invest Hosp Univ Princesa IISP, Madrid, Spain;Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
    Soyiri, Ireneous N.
    Univ Edinburgh, Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Res Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Sposato, Luciano A.
    Western Univ, Dept Clin Neurol Sci, London, ON, Canada.
    Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.
    Int Med Univ, Dept Community Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Srinivasan, Vinay
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Stanaway, Jeffrey D.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Stathopoulou, Vasiliki
    Attikon Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece.
    Steel, Nicholas
    Univ East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, England;Publ Hlth England, London, England.
    Stein, Dan J.
    Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Hatter Inst Cardiovasc Res Africa, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa;South African Med Res Council, Unit Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Stokes, Mark Andrew
    Deakin Univ, Middle East Liver Dis Ctr, Inst Phys Activ & Nutr, Burwood, Vic, Australia.
    Sturua, Lela
    Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia.
    Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale
    Ahmadu Bello Univ, Hlth Syst & Policy Res Unit, Zaria, Nigeria.
    Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader
    Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
    Sunguya, Bruno F.
    Sur, Patrick J.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Sykes, Bryan L.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc Sociol & Publ Hlth, Irvine, CA USA.
    Sylaja, P. N.
    Sree Chitra Tirunal Inst Med Sci & Technol, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
    Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.
    Univ Melbourne, Inst Hlth & Ageing, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Univ Valencia, INCLIVA Hlth Res Inst, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain;Univ Valencia, CIBERSAM, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain.
    Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar
    Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Tadesse, Andualem Henok
    Mizan Tepi Univ, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia.
    Taffere, Getachew Redae
    Mekelle Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Tandon, Nikhil
    All India Inst Med Sci, New Delhi, India.
    Tariku, Amare Tariku
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;Univ Adelaide, Sch Med, Discipline Psychiat, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
    Taveira, Nuno
    Inst Super Ciencias Sande Egas Moniz, Almada, Portugal;Univ Lisbon, Fac Pharm, Lisbon, Portugal.
    Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
    Iran Univ Med Sci, Dept Community Med, Tehran, Iran;Iran Univ Med Sci, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Shifa, Girma Temam
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Arba Minch Univ, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
    Temsah, Mohamad-Hani
    Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman
    Univ Virginia, Dept Anesthesiol, Charlottesville, VA USA;King Fahad Med City, Dept Anesthesiol, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Cleveland Clin, Consortium Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
    Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Tesfaye, Dawit Jember
    Hawassa Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
    Tessema, Belay
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
    Thakur, J. S.
    Post Grad Inst Med Educ & Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Chandigarh, India.
    Thomas, Nihal
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Thompson, Matthew J.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Tillmann, Taavi
    UCL, Inst Epidemiol & Hlth, London, England.
    To, Quyen G.
    Queensland Univ Technol, Int Lab Air Qual & Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan
    Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Tokyo, Japan.
    Tonelli, Marcello
    Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
    Topor-Madry, Roman
    Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Fac Hlth Sci, Inst Publ Hlth, Krakow, Poland;Wroclaw Med Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Wroclaw, Poland.
    Topouzis, Fotis
    Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
    Torre, Anna
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Tortajada, Miguel
    Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain;Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Valencia, Spain.
    Tran, Bach Xuan
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Clin Global Hlth Educ, Baltimore, MD USA;Med Univ Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam.
    Tran, Khanh Bao
    Tripathi, Avnish
    Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
    Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad
    Natl Inst Res TB, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Troeger, Christopher
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Truelsen, Thomas
    Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Dept Neurol, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Tsoi, Derrick
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Car, Lorainne Tudor
    Nanyang Technol Univ, LKCMed, Singapore, Singapore;Imperial Coll London, London, England.
    Tuem, Kald Beshir
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Tyrovolas, Stefanos
    Univ Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Fundaci6 Sant de Joan Deu, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
    Uchendu, Uche S.
    US Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA.
    Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
    Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
    Ullah, Irfan
    Gomal Univ, Gomal Ctr Biochem & Biotechnol, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan;Mufti Mehmood Mem Teaching Hosp, Programmat Management Drug Resistant TB Unit, TB Culture Lab, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.
    Updike, Rachel
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Uthman, Olalekan A.
    Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry, W Midlands, England.
    Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi
    Univ Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria.
    Ruben Valdez, Pascual
    Sociedad Argentina Med, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina;Hosp Velez Sarsfield, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
    van Boven, Job F. M.
    Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
    Varughese, Santosh
    Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
    Vasankari, Tommi
    UKK Inst Hlth Promot Res, Tampere, Finland.
    Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
    Raffles Hosp, Raffles Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore.
    Violante, Francesco S.
    Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
    Vladimirov, Sergey K.
    Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia.
    Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich
    Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ, Moscow, Russia.
    Vollset, Stein Emil
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Dis Burden, Oslo, Norway.
    Vos, Theo
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Wagnew, Fasil
    Debre Markos Univ, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
    Waheed, Yasir
    Fdn Univ, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    Wallin, Mitchell T.
    VA Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA;Georgetown Univ, Neurol Dept, Washington, DC USA.
    Walson, Judd L.
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Nat Hist Museum, London, England.
    Wang, Yafeng
    Fudan Univ, Zhongshan Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China;Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China;Univ Sao Paulo, Med Sch, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
    Wang, Yuan-Pang
    Wassie, Molla Mesele
    Univ Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
    Weaver, Marcia R.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden;Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Family Med & Primary Care, Stockholm, Sweden;Canc Registry Norway, Inst Populat Based Canc Res, Dept Res, Oslo, Norway;Arctic Univ Norway, Univ Tromso, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Community Med, Tromso, Norway;Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Genet Epidemiol Grp, Helsinki, Finland.
    Weintraub, Robert G.
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia;Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Weiss, Jordan
    Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
    Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up German Natl Cohor, Wiesbaden, Germany.
    West, T. Eoin
    Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Westerman, Ronny
    Fed Inst Populat Res, Competence Ctr Mortal Follow Up German Natl Cohor, Wiesbaden, Germany;German Natl Cohort Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.
    White, Richard G.
    London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England.
    Whiteford, Harvey A.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
    Widecka, Justyna
    VitroLive Sp Zoo, Szczecin, Poland.
    Winkler, Andrea Sylvia
    Tech Univ Munich, Klinikum Rechts Isar, Ctr Global Hlth, Dept Neurol, Munich, Germany;Univ Oslo, Ctr Global Hlth, Inst Hlth & Soc, Oslo, Norway.
    Wiysonge, Charles Shey
    Stellenbosch Univ, Cape Town, South Africa;South African Med Res Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Wolfe, Charles D. A.
    Kings Coll London, Div Hlth & Social Care Res, London, England;Kings Coll London, London, England;Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Natl Inst Hlth, Res Comprehens Biomed Res Ctr, London, England.
    Wondimkun, Yohanes Ayele
    Haramaya Univ, Harar, Ethiopia.
    Workicho, Abdulhalik
    Jimma Univ, Jimma, Ethiopia;Univ Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
    Wyper, Grant M. A.
    NHS Natl Serv Scotland, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland;Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland.
    Xavier, Denis
    St Johns Med Coll & Res Inst, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
    Xu, Gelin
    Nanjing Univ, Jinling Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
    Yan, Lijing L.
    Duke Kunshan Univ, Global Hlth Res Ctr, Kunshan, Peoples R China.
    Yano, Yuichiro
    Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
    Yaseri, Mehdi
    Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Ophthalm Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran.
    Yimer, Nigus Bililign
    Woldia Univ, Woldia, Ethiopia.
    Yin, Peng
    Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
    Yip, Paul
    Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Jockey Club Ctr Suicide Res & Prevent, Social Work & Social Adm Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn
    Addis Ababa Univ, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Univ South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Kyoto Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Kyoto, Japan.
    Yonga, Gerald
    Aga Khan Univ, NCD Res Policy Unit, Nairobi, Kenya.
    Yoon, Seok-Jun
    Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, S, Seoul, South Korea.
    Yotebieng, Marcel
    Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA;Univ Kinshasa, Sch Publ Hlth, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO.
    Younis, Mustafa Z.
    Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS 39217 USA.
    Yu, Chuanhua
    Wuhan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Global Hlth Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
    Zadnik, Vesna
    Inst Oncol Ljubljana, Epidemiol & Canc Registry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
    Zaidi, Zoubida
    Univ Hosp Setif, Setif, Algeria.
    Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
    Mansoura Univ, Fac Med, Mansoura, Egypt.
    Bin Zaman, Sojib
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Zamani, Mohammad
    Babol Univ Med Sci, Babol Sar, Iran.
    Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew
    Mekelle Univ, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
    Zhou, Maigeng
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron & Noncommunicable Dis Control & Pr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Jun
    Natl Off MCH Surveillance China, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
    Zimsen, Stephanie R. M.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Zipkin, Ben
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Zodpey, Sanjay
    Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India.
    Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna
    Red Cross War Mem Childrens Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa.
    Murray, Christopher J. L.
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Lozano, Rafael
    Univ Washington, Inst Hlth Metr & Evaluat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 20162018In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 391, no 10136, p. 2236-2271Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016.

    Methods: Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita.

    Findings: In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97.1 (95% UI 95.8-98.1) in Iceland, followed by 96.6 (94.9-97.9) in Norway and 96.1 (94.5-97.3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18.6 (13.1-24.4) in the Central African Republic, 19.0 (14.3-23.7) in Somalia, and 23.4 (20.2-26.8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91.5 (89.1-936) in Beijing to 48.0 (43.4-53.2) in Tibet (a 43.5-point difference), while India saw a 30.8-point disparity, from 64.8 (59.6-68.8) in Goa to 34.0 (30.3-38.1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4.8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20.9-point to 17.0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17.2-point to 20.4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries.

    Interpretation: GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view and subsequent provision of quality health care for all populations.

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  • 48. Gabay, Cem
    et al.
    Emery, Paul
    van Vollenhoven, Ronald
    Dikranian, Ara
    Alten, Rieke
    Pavelka, Karel
    Klearman, Micki
    Musselman, David
    Agarwal, Sunil
    Green, Jennifer
    Kavanaugh, Arthur
    Tocilizumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ADACTA): a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 4 trial.2013In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 381, no 9877Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Roughly a third of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological treatments receive them as monotherapy. Tocilizumab--an inhibitor of interleukin 6 receptor signalling--has been studied as monotherapy in several clinical trials. We assessed the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab monotherapy compared with adalimumab monotherapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

    METHODS: We did this randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 4 superiority study in 76 centres in 15 countries in North and South America, Australasia, and Europe. We enrolled patients who were aged at least 18 years, had severe rheumatoid arthritis for 6 months or more, and were intolerant to methotrexate or were inappropriate for continued methotrexate treatment. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1; block size of four) to receive tocilizumab 8 mg per kg bodyweight intravenously every 4 weeks plus placebo subcutaneously every 2 weeks or adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks plus placebo intravenously every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Investigators, patients, and sponsor personnel were masked to assignment. The primary endpoint was change in disease activity score using 28 joints (DAS28) from baseline to week 24. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01119859.

    FINDINGS: We screened 452 patients and enrolled 326 patients. The intention-to-treat population contained 325 patients (163 assigned to tocilizumab, 162 assigned to adalimumab). Week 24 mean change from baseline in DAS28 was significantly greater in the tocilizumab group (-3·3) than in the adalimumab group (-1·8) patients (difference -1·5, 95% CI -1·8 to -1·1; p<0·0001). 16 of 162 (10%) patients in the adalimumab group versus 19 of 162 (12%) in the tocilizumab group had serious adverse events. More patients in the tocilizumab group than in the adalimumab group had increased LDL-cholesterol, increased alanine aminotransferase concentrations, and reduced platelet and neutrophil counts.

    INTERPRETATION: Tocilizumab monotherapy was superior to adalimumab monotherapy for reduction of signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in patients for whom methotrexate was deemed inappropriate. The adverse event profiles of tocilizumab and adalimumab were consistent with previous findings.

    FUNDING: F Hoffmann-La Roche.

  • 49. Gabay, Cem
    et al.
    Emery, Paul
    van Vollenhoven, Ronald
    Dikranian, Ara
    Alten, Rieke
    Pavelka, Karel
    Klearman, Micki
    Musselman, David
    Agarwal, Sunil
    Green, Jennifer
    Kavanaugh, Arthur
    Baecklund, Eva
    Tocilizumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ADACTA): a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 4 trial.2013In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 381, no 9877Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Roughly a third of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological treatments receive them as monotherapy. Tocilizumab--an inhibitor of interleukin 6 receptor signalling--has been studied as monotherapy in several clinical trials. We assessed the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab monotherapy compared with adalimumab monotherapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

    METHODS: We did this randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 4 superiority study in 76 centres in 15 countries in North and South America, Australasia, and Europe. We enrolled patients who were aged at least 18 years, had severe rheumatoid arthritis for 6 months or more, and were intolerant to methotrexate or were inappropriate for continued methotrexate treatment. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1; block size of four) to receive tocilizumab 8 mg per kg bodyweight intravenously every 4 weeks plus placebo subcutaneously every 2 weeks or adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks plus placebo intravenously every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Investigators, patients, and sponsor personnel were masked to assignment. The primary endpoint was change in disease activity score using 28 joints (DAS28) from baseline to week 24. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01119859.

    FINDINGS: We screened 452 patients and enrolled 326 patients. The intention-to-treat population contained 325 patients (163 assigned to tocilizumab, 162 assigned to adalimumab). Week 24 mean change from baseline in DAS28 was significantly greater in the tocilizumab group (-3·3) than in the adalimumab group (-1·8) patients (difference -1·5, 95% CI -1·8 to -1·1; p<0·0001). 16 of 162 (10%) patients in the adalimumab group versus 19 of 162 (12%) in the tocilizumab group had serious adverse events. More patients in the tocilizumab group than in the adalimumab group had increased LDL-cholesterol, increased alanine aminotransferase concentrations, and reduced platelet and neutrophil counts.

    INTERPRETATION: Tocilizumab monotherapy was superior to adalimumab monotherapy for reduction of signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in patients for whom methotrexate was deemed inappropriate. The adverse event profiles of tocilizumab and adalimumab were consistent with previous findings.

    FUNDING: F Hoffmann-La Roche.

  • 50.
    Gaber, Sophie Nadia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Healthcare Sciences and e-Health. Faculty of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Department of Health Care Sciences, Marie Cederschiöld University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Guerrero, Manuel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics. Department of Bioethics and Medical Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
    Rosenberg, Lena
    Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden;Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Characteristics and consequences of participatory research approaches in long-term care facilities for older adults: a meta-ethnography of qualitative studies2023In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 402, no Supplement 1, p. S43-S43Article in journal (Refereed)
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