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  • 1.
    Akerstedt, T.
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Schwarz, J.
    Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    The change in sleepiness across 10 years of aging and its relation to changes in polysomnographic variables2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 40, no Supplement 1, p. E8-E8Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Akerstedt, Torbjorn
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Schwarz, Johanna
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gruber, Georg
    Siesta Grp, Vienna, Austria.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Women with both sleep problems and snoring show objective impairment of sleep2018In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 51, p. 80-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Combined insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea has been the focus of considerable research with respect to its health effects. A related issue is whether sleep disturbances in combination with snoring might exert effects on objective sleep variables in the non-clinical general population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the polysomnographical characteristics of individuals who had sought medical help for both disturbed sleep and for snoring. No previous work of this type has been carried out. Method: For this study we used a representative set of data of 384 women with one night of in-home PSG. We identified those individuals who had sought medical help for sleep problems (SL), individuals that had sought help for snoring (SN), as well as those that had sought help for either both (Combined), or for neither (Control). Results: Our results yielded an N of 46, 16, 21, and 301 individuals, respectively. A one-factor analysis of variance showed significant main effects on N1% (F = 10.2, p < 0.001), N3% (F = 2.7, p < 0.05), AHI/h (F = 5.5, p < 0.001), and a delta power measure (F = 3.8, p < 0.05). The combined group showed significantly higher levels than the other groups for N1% (29% vs < 21%), AHI/h (19/h vs < 10/h) and lower levels for N3%, and a measure of delta power. Reported sleep quality measures did not show the same pattern, since the highest/lowest value were found for either the group presenting snoring alone or sleep problems alone. Conclusion: We concluded that individuals who had sought help for both insomnia and snoring showed impaired sleep in terms of PSG and that this was not reflected in ratings of sleep or health. This suggests that simultaneous sleep disturbances and snoring may potentiate each other to cause impaired sleep, yet the mechanism still needs to be elucidated.

  • 3.
    Akerstedt, Torbjorn
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, Dept Psychol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Clin Neurosci, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Schwarz, Johanna
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Stress Res Inst, Dept Psychol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    What do women mean by poor sleep?: A large population-based sample with polysomnographical indicators, inflammation, fatigue, depression, and anxiety2023In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 109, p. 219-225Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Survey studies indicate that reports of disturbed sleep are prevalent and may be prospectively linked to several major diseases. However, it is not clear what self-reported disturbed sleep represents, since the link with objective sleep measures (polysomnography; PSG) seems very weak. The purpose of the present study was to try to investigate what combination of variables (PSG, inflammation, fatigue, anxiety, depression) that would characterize those who complain of disturbed sleep. This has never been done before. Participants were 319 women in a population-based sample, who gave ratings of sleep quality, fatigue, depression, and anxiety, then had their sleep recorded at home, and had blood drawn the following morning for analysis of immune parameters. Correlations and hierarchical multivariable regression analyses were applied to the data. For ratings of difficulties initiating sleep, the associations in the final step were beta =.22, (p <.001) for fatigue, beta = 0.22 (p <.001) for anxiety, and beta = 0.17 (p <.01) for sleep latency, with R-2 = 0.14. The rating of repeated awakenings was associated with fatigue (beta = 0.35, p <.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (beta = 0.12, p <.05), with R-2 = 0.19. The rating of early morning awakenings was associated with fatigue (beta = 0.31, p <.001), total sleep time (TST) (beta = -0.20, p <.01), and CRP (beta = 0.15, p <.05), with R-2 = 0.17. Interleukin-6 and Tumour Necrosis Factor were not associated with ratings of sleep problems. The results indicate that subjective fatigue, rather than objective sleep variables, is central in the perception of poor sleep, together with CRP.

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  • 4.
    Amid Hägg, Shadi
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Emilsson, Össur Ingi
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Franklin, Karl
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux increases the risk of daytime sleepiness in women2019In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 53, p. 94-100Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Daytime sleepiness is common in women and has negative health effects. Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER) and snoring are risk factors for daytime sleepiness, but the effect of their interaction remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine how nGER and snoring combined affected daytime sleepiness and involuntary falling asleep in women.

    METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to randomly selected women in 2000 and 2010. Participants who answered questions regarding both nGER and snoring in both questionnaires were included (N = 4882). Daytime sleepiness was defined as severe or very severe problems with daytime sleepiness. Involuntary falling asleep was defined as sometimes, often or very often falling asleep involuntarily during the day. Respondents snoring loudly and disturbingly sometimes, often or very often were defined as snorers. Having nocturnal heartburn or acid reflux sometimes, often or very often was defined as having nGER.

    RESULTS: Daytime sleepiness was reported by 14% of the participants, involuntary falling asleep by 11%. After adjustment for age, smoking, physical activity, caffeine intake and alcohol dependency, increased odd ratios (ORs) for both daytime sleepiness (adjusted OR 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-9.2) and involuntary falling asleep (adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5-6.4) were seen in women with the combination of nGER and snoring at both baseline and follow-up. The association with daytime sleepiness was also strong for those with only persistent nGER but not for those with only persistent snoring.

    CONCLUSION: Women with nGER were at increased risk of developing daytime sleepiness and snoring augmented this association. In addition, women with both nGER and snoring were also at increased risk of developing involuntary falling asleep.

  • 5. Benediktsdottir, Bryndis
    et al.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Arnardóttir, Erna Sif
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Olafsson, Isleifur
    Cook, Elizabeth
    Thorarinsdottir, Elin Helga
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    Prevalence of restless legs syndrome among adults in Iceland and Sweden: Lung function, comorbidity, ferritin, biomarkers and quality of life2010In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 11, no 10, p. 1043-1048Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and the association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and a large variety of health variables in two well-characterized random samples from the general population in Reykjavik, Iceland, and Uppsala, Sweden. Methods: Using the national registries of inhabitants, a random sample from adults aged 40 and over living in Reykjavík, Iceland (n= 939), and Uppsala, Sweden (n= 998), were invited to participate in a study on the prevalence of COPD (response rate 81.1% and 62.2%). In addition, the participants were asked to answer the following questionnaires: International RLS Rating Scale, Short Form-12, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and questions about sleep, gastroeosophageal reflux, diabetes and hypertension, as well as pharmacological treatment. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin were measured in serum. Results: RLS was more commonly reported in Reykjavik (18.3%) than in Uppsala (11.5%). Icelandic women reported RLS almost twice as often as Swedish women (24.4 vs. 13.9% p= 0.001), but there was no difference in prevalence of RLS between Icelandic and Swedish men. RLS was strongly associated with sleep disturbances and excessive daytime sleepiness. Subjects with RLS were more likely to be ex- and current smokers than subjects without RLS (p< 0.001). Respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction were more prevalent among those reporting RLS and they also estimated their physical quality of life lower than those without RLS (p< 0.001). RLS was not associated with symptoms of the metabolic syndrome like hypertension, obesity, markers of systemic inflammation (IL-6 and CRP) or cardiovascular diseases. Ferritin levels were significantly lower in RLS participants (p= 0.0002), but not (p= 0.07) after adjustment for center, age, sex and smoking history. Conclusion: Restless legs syndrome was twice as common among Icelandic women compared to Swedish women. No such difference was seen for men. RLS was strongly associated with smoking and respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function, sleep disturbances, excessive daytime sleepiness, and physical aspects of life quality. RLS was not associated with markers of the metabolic syndrome like hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases or biomarkers of systemic inflammation.

  • 6.
    Bengtsson, Caroline
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Jonsson, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    Holmström, M.
    Karolinska Inst, Clin Sci Intervent & Technol, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Chronic rhinosinusitis is an independent risk factor for sleeping problems – a 10-year-follow-up study2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 40, no Supplement 1, p. E30-E30Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Björnsdóttir, E.
    et al.
    Univ Iceland, Dept Med, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Arnardóttir, E. S.
    Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Benediktsdottir, B.
    Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Garcia-Aymerich, J.
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona, Spain.
    Carsin, A. E.
    Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona, Spain.
    Real, F. Gómez
    Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Torén, K.
    Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Heinrich, J.
    Univ Hosp Munich, Munich, Germany.
    Nowak, D.
    Univ Hosp Munich, Munich, Germany.
    Sánchez-Ramos, J. L.
    Univ Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
    Demoly, P.
    Univ Hosp Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
    Arenas, S. D.
    Galdakao Usansolo Hosp, Biscay, Spain.
    Navarro, R. C.
    Hosp Gen Univ, Albacete, Spain.
    Schlünssen, V.
    Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Raherison, C.
    Bordeaux Populat Hlth Res Ctr, Bordeaux, France.
    Jarvis, D. L.
    Natl Heart & Lung Inst, London, England.
    Gislason, T.
    Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Respiratory symptoms are more common among short sleepers independent of obesity2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 40, no Supplement 1, p. E37-E37Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Bothelius, Kristoffer
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Lu, C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Stråle, M-M
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Jernelöv, S.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jansson-Fröjmark, M.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lindberg, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Kaldo, V.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia comorbid with chronic pain2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 40, no Supplement 1, p. E41-E41Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Cai, Gui-Hong
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Elmstahl, S.
    Lund Univ, Div Geriatr Med, Dept Hlth Sci, Lund, Sweden.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Both weight at age 20 and weight gain have an impact on sleep disturbances later in life – results of the epihealth study2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 40, no Supplement 1, p. E195-E195Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Cai, Gui-Hong
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Svartengren, Magnus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Elmstahl, Solve
    Lund Univ, Div Geriatr Med, Dept Hlth Sci, Sweden CRC,Skane Univ Hosp, Malmo, Sweden.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Insomnia symptoms and sleep duration and their combined effects in relation to associations with obesity and central obesity2018In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 46, p. 81-87Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Previous studies have shown that both sleep duration and insomnia have an impact on obesity and central obesity. However, studies of the joint effects of these sleep disorders are still sparse. Methods: The present study utilized data from the Swedish EpiHealth cohort study. Participants (45 - 78 y) were asked to fill out an internet-based questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) and central obesity (calculated from waist circumference) were based on measured data. Results: A total of 18,823 participants (mean age = 60 ys) were included in this study. The reported prevalence of short (<6 h/night) and long (>9 h/night) sleep duration was 8% and 4% respectively, and insomnia symptoms was 19%. Of the study population, 16% were obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) and 40% had central obesity. There was a U-shaped association between sleep duration and obesity and central obesity, and significant associations between insomnia symptoms and obesity. When stratifying sleep duration by concurrent insomnia symptoms, there were associations (odds ratios, (95% confidence intervals)) between the combination of both short (1.48, (1.22-1.80)) and long sleep duration (1.77 (1.00 - 3.16)) with insomnia symptoms and obesity and central obesity (1.36 (1.16-1.61) and 2.44 (1.41-3.24) respectively). However, there was no significant association between insomnia symptoms and obesity or central obesity in participants with normal sleep duration. For central obesity there was an association with long sleep duration regardless of insomnia symptoms, while the association with short sleep duration was significant only if insomnia symptoms were present. Conclusions: Both short and long sleep duration, as well as insomnia symptoms, are associated with obesity and central obesity. There is an important joint effect of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms and there is no association between insomnia symptoms and obesity, as long as a normal sleeping time can be attained. This indicates that sleep duration rather than insomnia symptoms per se is of importance for the relationship between sleep and obesity.

  • 11. Chen, Si-Jing
    et al.
    Morin, Charles M
    Ivers, Hans
    Wing, Yun Kwok
    Partinen, Markku
    Merikanto, Ilona
    Holzinger, Brigitte
    Espie, Colin A
    De Gennaro, Luigi
    Dauvilliers, Yves
    Chung, Frances
    Yordanova, Juliana
    Vidović, Domagoj
    Reis, Catia
    Plazzi, Giuseppe
    Penzel, Thomas
    Nadorff, Michael R
    Matsui, Kentaro
    Mota-Rolim, Sergio
    Leger, Damien
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
    Korman, Maria
    Inoue, Yuichi
    Hrubos-Strøm, Harald
    Chan, Ngan Yin
    Bjelajac, Adrijana Koscec
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Bjorvatn, Bjørn
    The association of insomnia with long COVID: An international collaborative study (ICOSS-II)2023In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 112, p. 216-222, article id S1389-9457(23)00367-2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: There is evidence of a strong association between insomnia and COVID-19, yet few studies have examined the relationship between insomnia and long COVID. This study aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 patients with pre-pandemic insomnia have a greater risk of developing long COVID and whether long COVID is in turn associated with higher incident rates of insomnia symptoms after infection.

    METHODS: Data were collected cross-sectionally (May-Dec 2021) as part of an international collaborative study involving participants from 16 countries. A total of 2311 participants (18-99 years old) with COVID-19 provided valid responses to a web-based survey about sleep, insomnia, and health-related variables. Log-binomial regression was used to assess bidirectional associations between insomnia and long COVID. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and health conditions, including sleep apnea, attention and memory problems, chronic fatigue, depression, and anxiety.

    RESULTS: COVID-19 patients with pre-pandemic insomnia showed a higher risk of developing long COVID than those without pre-pandemic insomnia (70.8% vs 51.4%; adjusted relative risk [RR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.65). Among COVID-19 cases without pre-pandemic insomnia, the rates of incident insomnia symptoms after infection were 24.1% for short COVID cases and 60.6% for long COVID cases (p < .001). Compared with short COVID cases, long COVID cases were associated with an increased risk of developing insomnia symptoms (adjusted RR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.50-2.66).

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a bidirectional relationship between insomnia and long COVID. These findings highlight the importance of addressing sleep and insomnia in the prevention and management of long COVID.

  • 12.
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    et al.
    Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland.;Landspitali Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Dept Resp Med & Sleep, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Bertelsen, Randi J.
    Haukeland Hosp, Dept Occupat Med, Bergen, Norway.;Univ Bergen, Inst Clin Med, Bergen, Norway..
    Real, Francisco Gomez
    Univ Bergen, Inst Clin Med, Bergen, Norway..
    Sigsgaard, Torben
    Aarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark..
    Franklin, Karl A.
    Umea Univ, Dept Surg & Perioperat Sci, Umea, Sweden..
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Arnardottir, Erna Sif
    Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland.;Landspitali Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Dept Resp Med & Sleep, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Hellgren, Johan
    Univ Gothenburg, Inst Clin Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden.;Sahlgrens Acad, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Benediktsdottir, Bryndis
    Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland.;Landspitali Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Dept Resp Med & Sleep, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med Occupat & Environm Med, Umea, Sweden..
    Johannessen, Ane
    Univ Bergen, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Ctr Int Hlth, N-5018 Bergen, Norway..
    Self-reported exposure to traffic pollution in relation to daytime sleepiness and habitual snoring: a questionnaire study in seven North-European cities2016In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 24, p. 93-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective/background: Little is known about associations between traffic exposure and sleep disturbances. We examined if self-reported exposure to traffic is associated with habitual snoring and daytime sleepiness in a general population.

    Methods: In the RHINE III study, 12184 adults answered questions on sleep disturbances and traffic exposure. We analysed bedrooms near roads with traffic, bedrooms with traffic noise, and travelling regularly along busy roads as proxies for traffic exposures, using logistic regression. Adjustment factors were study centre, gender, age, smoking habits, educational level, body mass index, physical activity, obstructive sleep apnoea, and sleep duration.

    Results: One in ten lived near a busy road, 6% slept in a bedroom with traffic noise, and 11% travelled regularly along busy roads. Habitual snoring affected 25% and daytime sleepiness 21%. More men reported snoring and more women reported daytime sleepiness. Having a bedroom with traffic noise was associated with snoring (adjusted OR 1.29, [95% CI 1.12, 1.48]). For daytime sleepiness, on the other hand, bedroom with traffic noise and high exposure to traffic pollution have significant risk factors (adjusted ORs 1.46 [1.11, 1.92] and 1.65 [1.11, 2.45]). Results were consistent across study centres.

    Conclusions: Daytime sleepiness is associated with traffic pollution and traffic noise, while habitual snoring is only associated with traffic noise. Self-reported traffic exposure should be taken into account when diagnosing and planning treatment for patients with sleep disturbances, because reducing noise and pollution exposure in the bedroom may have a beneficial effect.

  • 13.
    Isacsson, Göran
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland. Västmanland Cty Hosp, Orofacial Pain & Jaw Funct, Västerås, Sweden.
    Nohlert, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Fransson, A.
    Postgrad Dent Educ Ctr Örebro, Dent Sleep Med Clin, Örebro, Sweden.
    WimanEriksson, E.
    Postgrad Dent Educ Ctr Örebro, Dent Sleep Med Clin, Örebro, Sweden.
    Ortlieb, E.
    Postgrad Dent Educ Ctr Örebro, Dent Sleep Med Clin, Örebro, Sweden.
    Fodor, C.
    Västmanland Cty Hosp, Orofacial Pain & Jaw Funct, Västerås, Sweden.
    Schumann, M.
    Västmanland Cty Hosp, Orofacial Pain & Jaw Funct, Västerås, Sweden.
    Sturebrand, M.
    Västmanland Cty Hosp, Orofacial Pain & Jaw Funct, Västerås, Sweden.
    Trepp, L.
    Postgrad Dent Educ Ctr Örebro, Dent Sleep Med Clin, Örebro, Sweden.
    Avdelius, A.
    Malmö Univ, Orofacial Pain & Jaw Funct, Malmö, Sweden.
    Tegelberg, Å.
    Malmö Univ, Orofacial Pain & Jaw Funct, Malmö, Sweden; Postgrad Dent Educ Ctr Örebro, Dept Orthodont, Örebro, Sweden.
    Bornefalk Hermansson, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Bibloc and monobloc oral appliances in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea: a multicenter, randomized, blinded, parallel-group trial2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 40, no Supplement 1, p. E142-E143Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 14. Janszky, Imre
    et al.
    Ahnve, Staffan
    Ljung, Rickard
    Mukamal, Kenneth J.
    Gautam, Shiva
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Stenestrand, Ulf
    Daylight saving time shifts and incidence of acute myocardial infarction: Swedish Register of Information and Knowledge About Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions (RIKS-HIA)2012In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 237-242Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Daylight saving time shifts can be looked upon as large-scale natural experiments to study the effects of acute minor sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disturbances. Limited evidence suggests that these shifts have a short-term influence on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but confirmation of this finding and its variation in magnitude between individuals is not clear.

    Methods: To identify AMI incidence on specific dates, we used the Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admission, a national register of coronary care unit admissions in Sweden. We compared AMI incidence on the first seven days after the transition with mean incidence during control periods. To assess effect modification, we calculated the incidence ratios in strata defined by patient characteristics.

    Results: Overall, we found an elevated incidence ratio of 1.039 (95% confidence interval, 1.003-1.075) for the first week after the spring clock shift forward. The higher risk tended to be more pronounced among individuals taking cardiac medications and having low cholesterol and triglycerides. There was no statistically significant change in AMI incidence following the autumn shift. Patients with hyperlipidemia and those taking statins and calcium-channel blockers tended to have a lower incidence than expected. Smokers did not ever have a higher incidence.

    Conclusions: Our data suggest that even modest sleep deprivation and disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle might increase the risk of AMI across the population. Confirmation of subgroups at higher risk may suggest preventative strategies to mitigate this risk.

  • 15. K, Lundkvist
    et al.
    K, Sundquist
    X, Li
    Friberg, Danielle
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    Familial risk of sleep-disordered breathing2012In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 13, no 6, p. 668-673Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    To estimate the incidence of hospitalization for paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) caused by adenotonsillar or tonsillar hypertrophy without infection in children with a parent affected by OSAS.

    Patients and methods

    Using the MigMed database at Lund University, hospital data on all children aged 0–18 years in Sweden between 1997 and 2007 (total of 3 million individuals) were used to identify all first hospital admissions for OSAS or either adenotonsillar or tonsillar hypertrophy. Next, individuals were categorized as either having or not having a parent affected by OSAS. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for boys and girls with a parent affected by OSAS. Children with OSAS or adenotonsillar or tonsillar hypertrophy without a parent affected by OSAS acted as the reference group (SIR = 1).

    Results

    After accounting for socio-economic status, age, and geographic region, the SIRs of OSAS in boys and girls with a parent affected by OSAS were 3.09 (95% CI 1.83–4.90) and 4.46 (95% CI 2.68–6.98), respectively. The SIRs of adenotonsillar or tonsillar hypertrophy in boys and girls with a parent affected by OSAS were 1.82 (95% CI 1.54–2.14) and 1.56 (95% CI 1.30–1.87), respectively.

    Conclusion

    This study indicates familial clustering of sleep-disordered breathing, which is important information for clinicians.

  • 16.
    Lindberg, Eva
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Benediktsdottir, Bryndis
    Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Dept Resp Med & Sleep, Reykjavik, Iceland.;Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Franklin, Karl A.
    Umea Univ, Dept Surg & Petioperat Sci, Surg, Umea, Sweden..
    Holm, Mathias
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Johannessen, Ane
    Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway..
    Jögi, Rain
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research. Tartu Univ Clin, Lung Clin, Tartu, Estonia..
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Dept Resp Med & Sleep, Reykjavik, Iceland.;Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Real, Francisco Gomez
    Haukeland Hosp, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Bergen, Norway..
    Schlünssen, Vivi
    Aarhus Univ, Sect Environm Occupat & Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark.;Natl Res Ctr Working Environm, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Women with symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing are less likely to be diagnosed and treated for sleep apnea than men2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 35, p. 17-22Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Women are often underrepresented at sleep clinics evaluating sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The aim of the present study was to analyze gender differences in sleep apnea diagnosis and treatment in men and women with similar symptoms of SDB.

    Methods: Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) provided information about snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), BMI and somatic diseases at baseline (1999-2001) and follow-up (2010-2012) from 4962 men and 5892 women. At follow-up participants were asked whether they had a diagnosis of and/or treatment for sleep apnea.

    Results: Among those with symptoms of SDB (snoring and EDS), more men than women had been given the diagnosis of sleep apnea (25% vs. 14%, p < 0.001), any treatment (17% vs. 11%, p = 0.05) and CPAP (6% vs. 3%, p = 0.04) at follow-up. Predictors of receiving treatment were age, BMI, SDB symptoms at baseline and weight gain, while female gender was related to a lower probability of receiving treatment (adj OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.3-0.5). In both genders, the symptoms of SDB increased the risk of developing hypertension (adj OR, 95% CI: 1.5, 1.2-1.8); and diabetes (1.5, 1.05-2.3), independent of age, BMI, smoking and weight gain.

    Conclusions: Snoring females with daytime sleepiness may be under-diagnosed and under-treated for sleep apnea compared with males, despite running a similar risk of developing hypertension and diabetes.

  • 17.
    Lindberg, Eva
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Berne, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Elmasry, Ahmed
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Hedner, Jan
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    CPAP treatment of a population-based sample-what are the benefits and the treatment compliance?2006In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 7, no 7, p. 553-560Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background & purpose: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment has positive effects, including improved insulin sensitivity in sleep-laboratory cohorts with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. There is still a lack of data on benefits obtained and possibilities to treat less symptomatic individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CPAP treatment on metabolic profile and quality of life (QoL) in a population-based sample of men with sleep apnea. Another purpose was to investigate the compliance to CPAP in this population.

    Patients and methods: A population-based sample of 38 men with an AHI >= 10 were treated with CPAP regardless of symptom profile. The controls included men with AIR < 10 matched for age and hypertension. The effects were evaluated after 3 weeks and 6 months. Insulin resistance was quantified using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Daytime sleepiness, QoL and subjective symptom load was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Minor Symptoms Evaluation-Profile (MSE-P) questionnaires, respectively.

    Results: Complete three-week data were obtained from 28 treated men and 28 controls. Compared with controls, the CPAP group displayed a greater reduction of fasting serum insulin (P=0.02), decrease in insulin resistance (P=0.01) and an increase in IGF-1 (P=0.005). The CPAP group further showed an improvement in the SF-36 domains of mental health (P=0.03) and vitality (P=0.06) and a reduction in symptom load in the sleep dimension of the MSE-P. Only 11 (29%) of subjects starting CPAP were still on treatment after 6 months. Those who still used CPAP had a higher score on ESS at baseline (11.3 (4.4) vs. 5.9 (3.4), P<0.0001).

    Conclusions: Benefits of short-term treatment included signs of reduced insulin resistance and improved QoL. However, in this population-based sample compliance with CPAP was very low. More severe sleepiness was a positive predictive factor for treatment compliance.

  • 18.
    Lindberg, Eva
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Johannessen, Ane
    Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Dept Global Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Bergen, Norway.;Haukeland Hosp, Dept Occupat Med, Bergen, Norway..
    Svanes, Cecilie
    Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Sci, Bergen, Norway.;Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Bergen, Norway..
    Real, Francisco Gomez
    Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Sci, Bergen, Norway.;Haukeland Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Bergen, Norway..
    Malinovschi, Andrei
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology.
    Franklin, Karl A.
    Umea Univ, Dept Surg & Perioperat Sci, Surg, Umea, Sweden..
    Holm, Mathias
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Schlünssen, Vivi
    Aarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Sect Environm Occupat & Hlth, Aarhus, Denmark.;Natl Res Ctr Working Environm, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Jogi, Nils Oskar
    Haukeland Hosp, Dept Occupat Med, Bergen, Norway.;Univ Bergen, Dept Clin Sci, Bergen, Norway.;Tartu Univ Clin, Lung Clin, Tartu, Estonia..
    Gislason, Thorarinn
    Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland.;Landspitali Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Dept Sleep, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Benediktsdottir, Bryndis
    Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Sleep time and sleep-related symptoms across two generations - results of the community-based RHINE and RHINESSA studies2020In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 69, p. 8-13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Study objectives: To analyze the association between sleep-related symptoms and sleep length in parents and their children in relation to other risk factors in both generations.

    Method: The participants were parents (n = 5,855, age 54.3 +/- 6.5 years, 45.2% men) who participated in the community-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study and one random member of their adult offspring (n = 5,855, age 30.2 +/- 7.7 years, 41.5% men) who participated in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) study. Both generations responded to identical questionnaires on sleep symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), snoring, nocturnal sweating, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER), sleep time and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Insomnia was defined as either, or both, DIS and DMS in combination with EDS.

    Results: All sleep variables except nocturnal sweating were more common in offspring whose parents had reported the same symptom. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, center and parents' total number of children, there were independent associations between sleep symptoms in parents and offspring for DIS (adj. OR, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.20-1.93), DMS (1.34, 1.15-1.56), snoring (1.45, 1.15,1.83), nGER (1.65, 1.15-2.37), insomnia (1.39, 1.13-1.73), short sleep time (<6 h/night) (2.51, 1.72-3.68) and EDS (1.48, 1.26,1.72). There were no independent relationships between symptoms in parents and offspring for EMA, nocturnal sweating or long sleep time (>9 h/night).

    Conclusion: The familiar aggregation of many sleep disturbances was not explained by investigated lifestyle and environmental factors. This supports a heritable factor in sleep problems. 

  • 19.
    Ljunggren, Mirjam
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Byberg, Liisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Lindahl, Bertil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Increased risk of heart failure in women with symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing2016In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 17, p. 32-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: An association between obstructive sleep apnea and the incidence of heart failure has been reported in men but not in women. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness, the two main symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, was able to predict incident heart failure in a population-based sample of women.

    METHODS: The population-based cohort study Sleep and Health in Women (SHE; n = 5990 women born between 1901 and 1980) was used, with baseline questionnaire data from April 2000 relating to snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, and covariates. Using data retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register and Cause of Death Register, the follow-up of incident heart failure continued until 31 December 2011.

    RESULTS: Among women with both snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness at baseline, 5.3% developed heart failure during follow-up compared with 0.9% in the reference group with neither snoring nor excessive daytime sleepiness. After adjustment for age, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, physical inactivity, depressive symptoms, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy, women with the combination of snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness had a twofold increase in the risk of incident heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] 2.2 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-4.4).

    CONCLUSION: Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, that is, the combination of snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness, are associated with an increased risk of developing heart failure in women.

  • 20.
    Mallon, Lena
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Broman, Jan-Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Hetta, Jerker
    Is usage of hypnotics associated with mortality?2009In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 10, no 3, p. 279-286Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To investigate the influence of hypnotic usage on all-cause   and cause-specific mortality in a middle-aged population. Methods: A cohort of 1750 men and 1773 women aged 30-65 years who responded to a postal questionnaire in 1983. The questionnaire included questions about hypnotic usage, sleep duration, sleep complaints, medical conditions, depression, demographic and life style variables. Mortality data for the period 1983-2003 were collected. Results: Regular hypnotic usage wits reported by 1.7% of men and 2.2%   of women, and was associated with short sleep, sleeping difficulties, several health problems and depression. During the 20-year follow-up   period 379 men (21.5%) and 278 women (15.5%) died. After adjustment for  potential risk factors in multivariate analyses regular hypnotic usage   was associated with significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality   in men (Hazard ratios [HR], 4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI],  2.47-8.37) and in women 2.03 (95% CI 1.07-3.86). With regard to cause-specific mortality, regular hypnotic usage in men was a risk factor for coronary artery disease death, cancer death, suicide and death from "all remaining causes." In women it was a risk factor for suicide.   Conclusions: Our results show an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in regular users of hypnotics.

  • 21. Morin, Charles M.
    et al.
    Bjorvatn, Bjørn
    Chung, Frances
    Holzinger, Brigitte
    Partinen, Markku
    Penzel, Thomas
    Ivers, Hans
    Wing, Yun Kwok
    Chan, Ngan Yin
    Merikanto, Ilona
    Mota-Rolim, Sergio
    Macêdo, Tainá
    De Gennaro, Luigi
    Léger, Damien
    Dauvilliers, Yves
    Plazzi, Giuseppe
    Nadorff, Michael R.
    Bolstad, Courtney J.
    Sieminski, Mariusz
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Schiöth: Functional Pharmacology.
    Cedernaes, Jonathan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Transplantation and regenerative medicine.
    Inoue, Yuchi
    Han, Fang
    Espie, Colin A.
    Insomnia, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international collaborative study2021In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 87, p. 38-45Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    IMPORTANCE AND STUDY OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented changes in social, work, and leisure activities, which all have had major impact on sleep and psychological well-being. This study documented the prevalence of clinical cases of insomnia, anxiety, and depression and selected risk factors (COVID-19, confinement, financial burden, social isolation) during the first wave of the pandemic in 13 countries throughout the world.

    DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: International, multi-center, harmonized survey of 22 330 adults (mean age = 41.9 years old, range 18-95; 65.6% women) from the general population in 13 countries and four continents. Participants were invited to complete a standardized web-based survey about sleep and psychological symptoms during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from May to August 2020.

    RESULTS: Clinical insomnia symptoms were reported by 36.7% (95% CI, 36.0-37.4) of respondents and 17.4% (95% CI, 16.9-17.9) met criteria for a probable insomnia disorder. There were 25.6% (95% CI, 25.0-26.2) with probable anxiety and 23.1% (95% CI, 22.5-23.6) with probable depression. Rates of insomnia symptoms (>40%) and insomnia disorder (>25%) were significantly higher in women, younger age groups, and in residents of Brazil, Canada, Norway, Poland, USA, and United Kingdom compared to residents from Asian countries (China and Japan, 8% for disorder and 22%-25% for symptoms) (all Ps < 0.01). Proportions of insomnia cases were significantly higher among participants who completed the survey earlier in the first wave of the pandemic relative to those who completed it later. Risks of insomnia were higher among participants who reported having had COVID-19, who reported greater financial burden, were in confinement for a period of four to five weeks, and living alone or with more than five people in same household. These associations remained significant after controlling for age, sex, and psychological symptoms.

    CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Insomnia, anxiety, and depression were very prevalent during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health prevention programs are needed to prevent chronicity and reduce long-term adverse outcomes associated with chronic insomnia and mental health problems.

  • 22.
    Palm, Andreas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Research and Development, Gävleborg.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    The impact of obesity and weight gain on development of sleep problems in a population-based sample2015In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 16, no 5, p. 593-597Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of obesity and weight gain in the development of sleep problems in a population-based cohort. Material and methods: A population-based sample of men (n = 1896, aged 40-79 years) and women (n = 5116, age = 20 years) responded to questionnaires at baseline and follow-up after 10-13 years. Sleep problems were assessed through questions about difficulties initiating sleep (DIS), difficulties maintaining sleep (DMS), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and insomnia. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported weight and height at both baseline and follow-up, while confounding factors (physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use, somatic disease, and snoring) were based on responses at baseline. Results: Although overweight and obese subjects reported more sleep problems at baseline, there was no independent association between BMI level at baseline and development of new sleep problems. Subjects in the quartile with the highest rise in BMI with a weight gain exceeding 2.06 kg/m(2) had a higher risk of developing DMS [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.01), EDS (2.25; 1.65-3.06], and insomnia (2.78; 1.60-4.82). Weight gain was not associated with the development of DIS. Conclusions: Weight gain is an independent risk factor for developing several sleep problems and daytime sleepiness. The presence of overweight and weight gain should be considered when treating patients with sleep problems. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 23.
    Palm, Andreas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Response to "The dark side of adherence" by Crawford and Vallieres2019In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 59, p. 97-97Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Palm, Andreas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Research and Development, Gävleborg. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Midgren, B.
    Lund Univ, Dept Resp Med, Lund, Sweden.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Factors influencing compliance to continuous positive airway pressure treatment in obstructive sleep apnea and mortality associated with treatment failure2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 40, no Supplement 1, p. E250-E250Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 25.
    Palm, Andreas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centre for Research and Development, Gävleborg.
    Midgren, Bengt
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Div Resp Med & Allergol, Lund, Sweden.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Ekström, Magnus
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Div Resp Med & Allergol, Lund, Sweden.
    Ljunggren, Mirjam
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Factors influencing adherence to continuous positive airway pressure treatment in obstructive sleep apnea and mortality associated with treatment failure - a national registry-based cohort study2018In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 51, p. 85-91, article id S1389-9457(18)30401-5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is crucial. Our aim was to identify protective and risk factors against the discontinuation of CPAP treatment in patients with OSA and to estimate the mortality risk in those who were non-adherent to CPAP therapy.

    Methods: This was a registry-based cohort study from 37 centers across Sweden with OSA patients on CPAP in the Swedevox Swedish national registry between July 2010 and March 2017.

    Results: In 16,425 patients (70.8% men) with complete follow-up data after 1.2 ± 0.8 years the adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) for the discontinuation of CPAP was 0.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–0.65) for use of humidifier, 0.87 (95% CI 0.82–0.92) for increasing age per 10 years, 0.80 (95% CI 0.77–0.83) for increasing apnea hypopnea index (AHI) per 5 units/hour, and 0.96 (95% CI 0.95–0.97) per increased unit on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Increasing BMI was associated with increased adherence up to BMI 35. Women and patients with hypertension ran an increased risk of discontinuing CPAP treatment, aRRR 1.28 (95% CI 1.12–1.46) and 1.24 (95% CI 1.12–1.42) respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was 1.74 (95% CI 1.32–2.28) among those who did not adhere to CPAP (median follow-up period 2.4 years after the one year adherence evaluation).

    Conclusion: Use of humidifier is associated with greater adherence to CPAP treatment. Other factors predicting adherence are increasing age, more severe OSA and overweight up to BMI 35, whereas female gender and coexisting hypertension are risk factors for discontinuation of CPAP. Failure to adhere to CPAP is associated with increased mortality.

  • 26.
    Rångtell, Frida H.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Ekstrand, Emelie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Rapp, Linnea
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Lagermalm, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Liethof, Lisanne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Bucaro, Marcela Olaya
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Lingfors, David H. S.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
    Jan-Erik, Broman
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Schiöth, Helgi B.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Two hours of evening reading on a self-luminous tablet vs. reading a physical book does not alter sleep after daytime bright light exposure2016In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 23, p. 111-118Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The use of electronic devices emitting blue light during evening hours has been associated with sleep disturbances in humans, possibly due to the blue light-mediated suppression of the sleep promoting hormone melatonin. However, experimental results have been mixed. The present study therefore sought to investigate if reading on a self-luminous tablet during evening hours would alter sleepiness, melatonin secretion, nocturnal sleep, as well as electroencephalographic power spectral density during early slow-wave sleep. Methods: Following a constant bright light exposure over 6.5 hours (similar to 569 lux), 14 participants (six females) read a novel either on a tablet or as physical book for two hours (21:00-23:00). Evening concentrations of saliva melatonin were repeatedly measured. Sleep (23:15-07:15) was recorded by polysomnography. Sleepiness was assessed before and after nocturnal sleep. About one week later, experiments were repeated; participants who had read the novel on a tablet in the first experimental session continued reading the same novel in the physical book, and vice versa. Results: There were no differences in sleep parameters and pre-sleep saliva melatonin levels between the tablet reading and physical book reading conditions. Conclusions: Bright light exposure during daytime has previously been shown to abolish the inhibitory effects of evening light stimulus on melatonin secretion. Our results could therefore suggest that exposure to bright light during the day - as in the present study - may help combat sleep disturbances associated with the evening use of electronic devices emitting blue light. However, this needs to be validated by future studies with larger sample populations.

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  • 27. Sahlin, Carin
    et al.
    Franklin, Karl A.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Sleep quality in patients with hypertension: Additional negative effect of drug therapy Response2009In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 10, no 10, p. 1168-1169Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 28. Sahlin, Carin
    et al.
    Franklin, Karl A
    Stenlund, Hans
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Sleep in women: Normal values for sleep stages and position and the effect of age, obesity, sleep apnea, smoking, alcohol and hypertension2009In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 10, no 9, p. 1025-1030Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To define normal values for total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep stages and sleeping positions in women and to investigate how sleep is affected by age, obesity, sleep apnea, smoking, alcohol dependency and hypertension. METHODS: In a population-based study, 400 Swedish women aged 20-70 years with over-sampling of snorers were investigated using overnight in-home polysomnography. All results are weighted. RESULTS: The mean normal total sleep time was 392 min, sleep latency 22 min and sleep efficiency 82%. Women spent 31 min in sleep stage 1, 244 min in stage 2, 41 min in stage 3/4 and 76 min in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. They spent 41% of their sleep time in the supine position, 50% in the lateral position and 9% in the prone position. Multivariate analyses revealed that sleep efficiency was lower in older women and in women with hypertension. Sleep latency was short in women with severe sleep apnea and long in smokers, alcohol-dependent and hypertensive women. Sleep stage 3/4 was inversely related to age and body mass index. Less REM sleep occurred in alcohol-dependent women. Women younger than 45 years old slept a mean of 42% in the lateral position while women of 45 years and older slept 57% in the lateral position (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study of women, we present normal values for sleep stages and sleeping position. We conclude that age, body mass index, obstructive sleep apnea, smoking, alcohol and hypertension reduce sleep quality. With age, women spend more time sleeping in the lateral position.

  • 29. Sarkanen, Tomi
    et al.
    Partinen, Markku
    Bjorvatn, Bjørn
    Merikanto, Ilona
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Nadorff, Michael R
    Bolstad, Courtney J
    Espie, Colin
    Matsui, Kentaro
    Chung, Frances
    Morin, Charles M
    Wing, Yun Kwok
    Penzel, Thomas
    Macêdo, Tainá
    Mota-Rolim, Sérgio
    Holzinger, Brigitte
    Plazzi, Giuseppe
    De Gennaro, Luigi
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Inoue, Yuichi
    Sieminski, Mariuz
    Leger, Damien
    Dauvilliers, Yves
    Association between hypersomnolence and the COVID-19 pandemic: The International COVID-19 Sleep Study (ICOSS).2023In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 107, p. 108-115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and related restriction measures have affected our daily life, sleep, and circadian rhythms worldwide. Their effects on hypersomnolence and fatigue remain unclear.

    METHODS: The International COVID-19 Sleep Study questionnaire which included items on hypersomnolence such as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and excessive quantity of sleep (EQS), as well as sociodemographic factors, sleep patterns, psychological symptoms, and quality of life was distributed in 15 countries across the world from May to September in 2020.

    RESULTS: Altogether responses from 18,785 survey participants (65% women, median age 39 years) were available for analysis. Only 2.8% reported having had COVID-19. Compared to before the pandemic, the prevalence of EDS, EQS, and fatigue increased from 17.9% to 25.5%, 1.6%-4.9%, and 19.4%-28.3% amid the pandemic, respectively. In univariate logistic regression models, reports of having a COVID-19 were associated with EQS (OR 5.3; 95%-CI 3.6-8.0), EDS (2.6; 2.0-3.4), and fatigue (2.8; 2.1-3.6). In adjusted multivariate logistic regression, sleep duration shorter than desired (3.9; 3.2-4.7), depressive symptoms (3.1; 2.7-3.5), use of hypnotics (2.3; 1.9-2.8), and having reported COVID-19 (1.9; 1.3-2.6) remained strong predictors of EDS. Similar associations emerged for fatigue. In the multivariate model, depressive symptoms (4.1; 3.6-4.6) and reports of having COVID-19 (2.0; 1.4-2.8) remained associated with EQS.

    CONCLUSIONS: A large increase in EDS, EQS, and fatigue occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and especially in self-reported cases of COVID-19. These findings warrant a thorough understanding of their pathophysiology to target prevention and treatment strategies for long COVID condition.

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  • 30.
    Schiöth, Helgi Birgir
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Brooks, Samantha Jane
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Healthcare systems never sleep: are medical residents today the patients of tomorrow?2012In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 13, no 7, p. 965-965Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 31.
    Spörndly-Nees, Sören
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy.
    Åsenlöf, Pernilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Svensson, Malin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    Igelström, Helena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotheraphy.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Leisure-time physical activity predicts complaints of snoring in women: a prospective cohort study over 10 years2014In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 15, no 4, p. 415-421Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    We aimed to assess the impact of self-reported physical activity on incidence and remission of snoring complaints in women.

    Methods

    A population-based sample of 4851 women aged >20 years responded to questionnaires in years 2000 and 2010. Based on the responses, the women were categorized into low, medium, or high level of physical activity at baseline and at follow-up.

    Results

    The prevalence of habitual snoring complaints increased from 7.6% at baseline to 9.2% in 2010 (P<.0001). After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), waist and neck circumference, weight gain, smoking status, alcohol dependence, and snoring status at baseline, reported physical activity level at baseline had a protective effect on habitual snoring complaints at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals]) for complaints of habitual snoring was 0.7 (0.5–0.9) for the reported medium physical activity level and 0.5 (0.4–0.8) for the high activity level. When subdividing the population by changes in reported physical activity level over the follow-up period, an increase in physical activity was followed by a decrease in the complaint of snoring. Similarly a high level of reported physical activity only had a protective effect on snoring in participants who remained at a high or medium level.

    Conclusions

    A low level of self-reported physical activity is a risk factor for future habitual snoring complaints in women, independent of weight, weight gain, alcohol dependence, and smoking. Increased physical activity can modify the risk.

  • 32.
    Spörndly-Nees, Søren
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy.
    Åsenlöf, Pernilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    High or increasing levels of physical activity protect women from future insomnia2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 32, p. 22-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: There is a lack of evidence about the impact of physical activity on insomnia based on representative samples with a long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of physical activity on insomnia incidence, as well as the impact of changes in leisure-time physical activity on insomnia in women. Method: The study included a population-based sample of 5062 women aged >20 years who responded to questionnaires in 2000 and 2010. Insomnia was defined as experiencing severe or very severe problems in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or experiencing early morning awakenings, together with daytime sleepiness or fatigue. Physical activity was categorized as low, medium, or high level at baseline and at follow-up. Results: After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol dependence, snoring status, level of education, and psychological distress, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for incident insomnia in women who increased from a low to a medium or high level of physical activity was 0.53 (0.3 e0.94) and 0.17 (0.03e0.81), respectively, as compared to women with a low activity level on both occasions. Women remaining on a medium activity level or increasing to a high activity level had an OR of 0.53 (0.35 e0.83) and 0.36 (0.21e0.64) and the OR of those decreasing from a high level to a medium level or remaining on a high activity level on both occasions was 0.37 (0.21e0.66) and 0.3 (0.16e0.54) respectively. Conclusion: Women maintaining higher levels or increasing their level of leisure-time physical activity over the 10-year period were partly protected from self-reported insomnia.

  • 33. Staner, L
    et al.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Cornette, F
    Santoro, F
    Muscat, N
    Luthinger, R
    Roth, T
    Sublingual zolpidem is more effective than oral zolpidem in initiating early onset of sleep in the post-nap model of transient insomnia: a polysomnographic study2009In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 10, no 6, p. 616-620Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    OX22 is zolpidem formulated for sublingual administration. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of single doses of sublingual zolpidem (5 and 10 mg) versus oral zolpidem (10 mg), with regard to latency to persistent sleep (LPS), in a post-nap model of insomnia.

    Methods

    Twenty-one healthy volunteers included in this study were recorded by polysomnography during 2 consecutive nights and, on the day in between, during a 2 h nap. Eighteen out of these 21 subjects were finally analyzed. Treatment was randomly administered before the second recording night to subjects demonstrating at least 30 min of sleep during the nap recording.

    Results

    Contrast analyses show that 10 mg OX22 significantly shortened LPS compared to oral zolpidem administration of 10 mg (12.8 ± 9.9 and 18.4 ± 11.3 min, respectively; p < .05). No treatment effects could be evidenced on total sleep time, time awake after sleep onset and sleep architecture parameters for OX22 compared to oral zolpidem. All treatments were well tolerated and did not induce next-day residual effects.

    Conclusion

    The present results show that OX22, a sublingual formulation of zolpidem, has a significant earlier sleep initiation as compared to an equivalent dose of oral zolpidem in healthy volunteers in a post-nap model of insomnia.

  • 34.
    Tan, Xiao
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Ljunggren, Mirjam
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Kilander, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical geriatrics.
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Obstructive sleep apnea during rapid eye movement sleep and cognitive performance in adults2024In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 113, p. 34-40, article id S1389-9457(23)00435-5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is often characterized with more frequent and lengthy breathing events and greater oxygen desaturation than during other sleep stages. Current evidence suggests an association between OSA and cognitive decline, however whether OSA during REM sleep plays a vital role in this link is understudied.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 728 men and women (aged 59.1 ± 11.3 years) underwent a full night polysomnography for determining apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and sleep stages. Trail Making Test (TMT) part A and B were conducted during the following day for assessing participants' cognitive function. Linear regression analyses were performed to test the possible association between AHI and AHI during REM sleep with TMT-A and B results. Similar analyses were carried out in a subsample involving participants aged ≥60 years with ≥30 min of REM sleep (n = 356).

    RESULTS: Despite a slight difference in TMT-B between participants with and without OSA (AHI ≥5 vs AHI <5, β-coefficient: 4.83, 95 % CI: [-9.44, -0.22], P = 0.040), no other association between AHI or REM-AHI and TMT results were found in the full sample. In older participants (aged ≥60 years), a REM-AHI ≥5 events/hour was associated with longer time taken to finish TMT-A (vs REM-AHI <5 events/hour, 3.93, [0.96, 6.90], P = 0.010). There was no association between REM-AHI and time taken to finish TMT-B in older participants.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that OSA during REM sleep may be of particular concern for attention-related cognitive function in older adults.

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  • 35.
    Tan, Xiao
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Schiöth: Functional Pharmacology.
    van Egmond, Lieve
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Schiöth: Functional Pharmacology.
    Partinen, Markku
    Univ Helsinki, Dept Neurol Sci, Helsinki, Finland;Helsinki Sleep Clin, VitalMed Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland.
    Lange, Tanja
    Univ Lubeck, Dept Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Lubeck, Germany.
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Schiöth: Functional Pharmacology.
    A narrative review of interventions for improving sleep and reducing circadian disruption in medical inpatients2019In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 59, p. 42-50Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sleep and circadian disruptions are frequently observed in patients across hospital wards. This is alarming, since impaired nocturnal sleep and disruption of a normal circadian rhythm can compromise health and disturb processes involved in recovery from illness (eg, immune functions). With this in mind, the present narrative review discusses how patient characteristics (sleep disorders, anxiety, stress, chronotype, and disease), hospital routines (pain management, timing of medication, nocturnal vital sign monitoring, and physical inactivity), and hospital environment (light and noise) may all contribute to sleep disturbances and circadian misalignment in patients. We also propose hospital-based strategies that may help reduce sleep and circadian disruptions in patients admitted to the hospital. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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  • 36.
    Tan, Xiao
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Schiöth: Functional Pharmacology.
    van Egmond, Lieve
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Schiöth: Functional Pharmacology.
    Partinen, Markku
    Univ Helsinki, Dept Neurol Sci, Helsinki, Finland.
    Lange, Tanja
    Helsinki Sleep Clin, VitalMed Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland.
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Schiöth: Functional Pharmacology.
    Response to comment on "A narrative review of interventions for improving sleep and reducing circadian disruption in medical inpatients"2019In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 59, p. 53-53Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Berglund, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Berne, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical diabetology and metabolism.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Both habitual short sleepers and long sleepers are at greater risk of obesity: a population-based 10-year follow-up in women2014In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 15, no 10, p. 1204-1211Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To assess how change in sleep duration is related to subsequent obesity. Methods: In this 10-year follow-up, 4903 non-pregnant participants answered a questionnaire on sleeping habits, obesity, and lifestyle factors (questions identical to baseline questionnaire). Habitual normal sleepers were defined as sleeping 6-9 h/night at both baseline and follow-up, whereas women sleeping <6 h/night or >= 9 h/night at both occasions were defined as habitual short sleepers and habitual long sleepers, respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between changes in sleep duration, general obesity (body mass index >= 30 kg/m(2)), weight gain (>= 10 kg) and also, central obesity (waist circumference >= 88 cm), and increase in waist circumference (>= 10 cm) at follow-up. Results: Among younger women (aged <40 years) both habitual short sleepers and habitual long sleepers had a higher prevalence of general (short: 31.3%, P < 0.0001; long: 38.1%, P = 0.01) and central obesity (short: 60.5%, P = 0.01; long: 82.4%, P = 0.01) compared with habitual normal sleepers (general obesity: 8.9%; central obesity: 35.9%) at follow-up. Younger women who were short sleepers at baseline but normal sleepers at the follow-up had a higher prevalence of both general (19.3%, P = 0.01) and central obesity (45.4%, P = 0.07) compared with habitual normal sleepers at follow-up. In adjusted analyses, both habitual short [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 6.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.71-17.0] and long (aOR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.09-19.8) sleep durations were risk factors for general obesity in younger women. In younger women habitual long sleep duration was a risk factor also for central obesity (aOR, 6.05; 95% CI, 1.19-30.7) whereas habitual short sleep duration was not (aOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.87-4.81). Similar results were seen also for weight gain and increased waist circumference as dependent variables. In addition, decreased sleep duration from normal to short duration was a risk factor for both weight gain (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.14-3.02) and increased waist circumference (aOR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.20-2.81). There were no associations between changes in sleep duration and any of the measures of obesity at the follow-up in women aged >40 years at baseline. Conclusion: In younger women, both habitual short and long sleep duration was a risk factor for obesity, whereas no such relationship was seen in older women.

  • 38.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Berglund, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Sleep duration and central obesity in women: Differences between short sleepers and long sleepers2012In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 13, no 8, p. 1079-1085Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To assess characteristics of short sleepers and long sleepers and to assess association between sleep duration and central obesity in a population-based sample of women. Method: Non-pregnant women >= 20 years that were randomly selected from the population-registry of Uppsala, Sweden, answered a questionnaire (n =6461) including questions on sleeping habits and somatic disorders. Results: There was a U-shaped association between sleep duration and waist circumference. Short sleeping women (<5 h) had a waist circumference of 89.2 +/- 14.9 cm (mean +/- SD) decreasing to 82.9 +/- 11.9 cm for women sleeping 7-<8 h and increasing to 89.0 +/- 16.7 cm for women sleeping >= 10 h. Both short sleepers and long sleepers were more often physically inactive, smokers, ill or taking medication, and psychologically distressed than normal sleepers (6-<9 h). In women <50 years both short and long sleep duration were risk factors for central obesity. Short sleep duration remained a risk factor for central obesity, whereas the association with long sleep duration did not reach statistical significance after adjustments. Conclusions: Short sleepers and long sleepers showed differences in characteristics compared to normal sleepers. Furthermore, we showed an independent association between short sleep duration and central obesity, which was strongest in younger women. It is important to identify short sleepers, especially in younger women.

  • 39.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Berne, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Syndrome Z: A comparison of prevalence between females and males2012In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 120-120Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 40.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Berne, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    The role of obstructive sleep apnea in metabolic syndrome: A population-based study in women2011In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 329-334Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The aim of this study was to assess associations between obstructive sleep apnea (USA) and metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample of women.

    Methods: Four hundred women aged 20-70 years underwent a full-night polysomnography, fasting blood sampling and measurement of anthropometric variables. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria.

    Results: The NCEP criteria of metabolic syndrome were fulfilled by 104 (26.0%) of the women. The frequency of metabolic syndrome increased from 10.5% in women with apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI) < 5 to 57.1% in women with AHI >= 30 (p for trend < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, the severity of USA measured as AHI, ODI (oxygen desaturation index), minimal saturation or T-90 (percentage of time during night with saturation < 90%) were associated with metabolic syndrome after adjustment for age, level of physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. AHI (adj. OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.11-1.91), ODI (1.37; 1.09-1.73) and minimal saturation level (0.93; 0.87-0.99) remained significantly associated with metabolic syndrome also when adjusting for the waist-to-hip-ratio. The three markers of USA were independently associated with central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and reduced HDL cholesterol concentration.

    Conclusion: Measures of USA were closely associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in this population-based sample of women also after adjustments. Therefore, when the health consequences of sleep-disordered breathing are investigated it is important to consider metabolic syndrome. Sleep-disordered breathing should also be considered when treating patients with metabolic syndrome.

  • 41.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Berne, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine.
    Janson, Christer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    What is cause and what is effect?2012In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 13, no 2, p. 213-213Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Theorell-Haglöw, Jenny
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Ljungren, M.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Franklin, K. A.
    Umeå Univ, Dept Surg & Perioperat Sci, Umeå, Sweden.
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Young women with short sleep duration and insomnia run a high risk of developing hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A 10-year follow-up of the population-based she study2017In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 40, no Supplement 1, p. E326-E327Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Titova, Olga E
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Hogenkamp, Pleunie S
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Jacobsson, Josefin A
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Feldman, Inna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Schiöth, Helgi B
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Benedict, Christian
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology.
    Associations of self-reported sleep disturbance and duration with academic failure in community-dwelling Swedish adolescents: Sleep and academic performance at school2015In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 16, p. 87-93Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of self-reported sleep disturbance and short sleep duration with the risk for academic failure.

    METHODS: A cohort of ~40,000 adolescents (age range: 12-19 years) who were attending high school grades 7, 9, and 2nd year of upper secondary school in the Swedish Uppsala County were invited to participate in the Life and Health Young Survey (conducted between 2005 and 2011 in Uppsala County, Sweden). In addition to the question how many subjects they failed during the school year (outcome variable), subsamples of adolescents also answered questions related to subjective sleep disturbance (n = 20,026) and habitual sleep duration (n = 4736) (exposure variables). Binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore if self-reported sleep disturbances and habitual short sleep duration (defined as less than 7-8 h sleep per night) increase the relative risk to fail subjects during the school year (controlled for possible confounders, e.g. body-mass-index).

    RESULTS: Adolescents with self-reported sleep disturbances had an increased risk for academic failure (i.e., they failed at least one subject during the school year; OR: boys, 1.68; girls, 2.05, both P < 0.001), compared to adolescents without self-reported sleep disturbances. In addition, adolescents who reported short sleep duration on both working and weekend days were more likely to fail at least one subject at school than those who slept at least 7-8 h per night (OR: boys, 4.1; girls, 5.0, both P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that reports of sleep disturbance and short sleep duration are linked to academic failure in adolescents. Based on our data, causality cannot be established.

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  • 44. Valham, Fredrik
    et al.
    Stegmayr, Birgitta
    Eriksson, Marie
    Hägg, Erik
    Lindberg, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology.
    Franklin, Karl A.
    Snoring and witnessed sleep apnea is related to diabetes mellitus in women2009In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 112-117Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Gender differences in the relationship of snoring and diabetes mellitus are mainly unknown. We aimed to analyze the relationship between snoring, witnessed sleep apnea and diabetes mellitus and to analyze possible gender related differences in an unselected population. METHODS: Questions on snoring and witnessed sleep apneas were included in the Northern Sweden component of the WHO, MONICA study. Invited were 10,756 men and women aged 25-79 years, randomly selected from the population register. RESULTS: There were 7905 (73%) subjects, 4047 women and 3858 men who responded to the questionnaire and attended a visit for a physical examination. Habitual snoring was related to diabetes mellitus in women, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.58 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.44, p=0.041) independent of smoking, age, body mass index and waist circumference. Witnessed sleep apnea was also independently related to diabetes mellitus in women, with an adjusted OR=3.29 (95% CI 1.20-8.32, p=0.012). Neither snoring, nor witnessed sleep apneas were associated with diabetes mellitus among men, except for witnessed sleep apnea in men aged 25-54 years old. They had an adjusted OR=3.84 (95% CI 1.36-10.9, p=0.011) for diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS: Snoring and witnessed sleep apneas are related to diabetes mellitus in women. Witnessed sleep apnea is related to diabetes mellitus in men younger than 55 years old.

  • 45. Westergren, Albert
    et al.
    Broman, Jan-Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Hellstrom, Amanda
    Fagerstrom, Cecilia
    Willman, Ania
    Hagell, Peter
    Measurement properties of the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale as an insomnia screening tool for adults and the elderly2015In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 379-384Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The psychometric properties of the three-item Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) were evaluated using the classical test theory. Different cut-offs for identifying insomnia were suggested in two age groups (>= 6 and >= 7 among adult and elderly people, respectively). The aim of the present study was to test the measurement properties of the MISS using the Rasch measurement model, with special emphasis on differential item functioning by gender and age. Methods: Cross-sectional MISS data from adult (age 20-64 years, n = 1075) and elderly (age 65+, n = 548) populations were analysed using the Rasch measurement model. Results: Data generally met Rasch model requirements and the scale could separate between two distinct groups of people. Differential item functioning was found by age but not gender. The difference between the adult and elderly samples was lower for the originally recommended >= 6 points cut-off (0.09 logits) than for the >= 7 points cut-off (0.23 logits), but greater at the lower and higher ends of the scale. Conclusions: This study provides general support for the measurement properties of the MISS. Caution should be exercised in comparing raw MISS scores between age groups, but applying a = 6 cut-off appears to allow for valid comparisons between adults and the elderly regarding the presence of insomnia. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to determine the clinically optimal cut-score for identification of insomnia. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 46. Åkerstedt, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Nordin, Maria
    Alfredsson, Lars
    Westerholm, Peter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Kecklund, Göran
    Predicting changes in sleep complaints from baseline values and changes in work demands, work control, and work preoccupation: The WOLF-project2012In: Sleep Medicine, ISSN 1389-9457, E-ISSN 1878-5506, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 73-80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Study objective: Stress as a cause of disturbed sleep is often taken for granted, but the longitudinal evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate new cases of poor sleep as a function of changes in reported work demands, work control, and work preoccupation. Methods: Longitudinal study of change with measures occurring twice within a 5-year interval during a period when the prevalence of impaired sleep was increasing in Sweden. The sample of companies was taken from northern Sweden (Norrland) and included 3637 individuals from the "WOLF Norrland" longitudinal cohort, collected through company health services. Measurement and results: During the measurement period, 16% of those studied developed new cases of impaired sleep. Logistic regressions adjusted for demographics, work environment factors, and disturbed sleep at T1 period one showed a significant increase in new cases for high work demands and high work preoccupation (OR = 1.37; Ci = 1.09-1.72 and OR = 1.80; CI = 1.42-2.28, respectively). The analysis of change in the predictors showed effects of a change from low to high work demands (OR = 1.39; Ci = 1.00-1.95) on new cases of impaired sleep. Consistent high work demands (high at both points) showed a similar increase (OR = 1.49; Ci = 1.06-2.11) but no effect was seen for reduced demands. Change in work preoccupation yielded stronger effects with OR = 2.47 (1.78-2.47) for increased work preoccupation and OR = 3.79 (2.70-5.31) for consistent high work preoccupation. Also, a reduction in work preoccupation was associated with a reduction in new cases of disturbed sleep. Control at work was not related to sleep. Stratification with respect to gender mainly led to fewer significant results (particularly for women) due to larger confidence intervals. Conclusions: It was concluded that self-reported work preoccupation predicts subsequent impairment of sleep and that increased preoccupation is associated with new cases of impaired sleep. Similar, but weaker, results were obtained for work demands.

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