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  • 1.
    Abujrais, Sandy
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Olovsson, Matts
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Ahnoff, Martin
    Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergs gata 22B, SE-41319 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Rasmusson, Annica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Åkerfeldt, Torbjörn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Kultima, Kim
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    A sensitive method detecting trace levels of levonorgestrel using LC-HRMS.2019In: Contraception, ISSN 0010-7824, E-ISSN 1879-0518, Vol. 100, no 3, p. 247-249Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To develop a high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) method to quantify levonorgestrel (LNG) in serum.

    STUDY DESIGN: Levonorgestrel was extracted using solid phase extraction and measured using liquid chromatography (LC) HRMS.

    RESULTS: Low limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 25pg/mL and low limit of detection (LLOD) was 12.5pg/mL. Precision and accuracy bias were<10%. LNG in serum samples from Mirena® users ranged between 37 to 219pg/mL (n=12). In eight out of 22 patients with suspected intrauterine device (IUD) expulsion LNG was detected (26 to 1272pg/mL).

    CONCLUSION: A sensitive, fast and simple LC-HRMS method was developed to detect trace levels of LNG.

  • 2.
    Aithal, Guruprasad P.
    et al.
    Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, NIHR Nottingham Digest Dis Biomed Res Unit, Nottingham, England..
    Nicoletti, Paola
    Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA..
    Bjornsson, Einar
    Landspitali Univ Hosp, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Lucena, M. I.
    CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain.;Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain..
    Andrade, Raul J.
    CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain.;Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain..
    Grove, Jane
    Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, NIHR Nottingham Digest Dis Biomed Res Unit, Nottingham, England..
    Stephens, C.
    Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain..
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H.
    Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Martin, Jennifer H.
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Princess Alexandra Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Cascorbi, Ingolf
    Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany..
    Dillon, John F.
    Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dundee, Scotland..
    Laitinen, Tarja
    Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland..
    Larrey, Dominique G.
    Hop St Eloi, Montpellier, France..
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Univ London, Kings Coll London, London SW3 6LX, England..
    Kullak-Ublick, Gerd A.
    Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Ibanez, Luisa
    Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain..
    Pirmohamed, Munir
    Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England..
    Qin, Shengying
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China..
    Sawle, Ashley
    Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA..
    Bessone, Fernando
    Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Ciencias Med, RA-2000 Rosario, Argentina..
    Hernandez, Nelia
    Univ Republ, Mentevideo, Uruguay..
    Stolz, Andrew
    Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA..
    Chalasani, Naga P.
    Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA..
    Serrano, Jose
    Natl Inst Diabet & Digest & Kidney Dis, Bethesda, MD USA..
    Barnhart, Huiman X.
    Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Fontana, Robert J.
    Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..
    Watkins, Paul
    Hamner UNC Inst Drug Safety Sci, Durham, NC USA..
    Urban, Thomas J.
    UNC Eshelman Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC USA..
    Daly, Ann K.
    Newcastle Univ, Newcastle, NSW, Australia..
    HLA-A*33:01 is strongly associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to terbinafine and several other unrelated compounds2015In: Hepatology, ISSN 0270-9139, E-ISSN 1527-3350, Vol. 62, p. 325A-326AArticle in journal (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Alassaad, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Bertilsson, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Gillespie, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Hammarlund-Udenaes, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    The effects of pharmacist intervention on emergency department visits in patients 80 years and older: subgroup analyses by number of prescribed drugs and appropriate prescribing2014In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, no 11, p. e111797-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Clinical pharmacist interventions have been shown to have positive effect on occurrence of drug-related issues as well as on clinical outcomes. However, evidence about which patients benefiting most from the interventions is limited. We aimed to explore whether pharmacist intervention is equally effective in preventing emergency department (ED) visits in patients with few or many prescribed drugs and in those with different levels of inappropriate prescribing. Methods: Patient and outcome data from a randomized controlled trial exploring the clinical effects of a ward-based pharmacist intervention in patients, 80 years and older, were used. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the number of prescribed drugs (< 5 or >= 5 drugs) and the level of inappropriate prescribing [using the Screening Tool Of Older People's potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) and the Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment (START) with a score of >= 2 (STOPP) and >= 1 (START) as cutoff points]. The effect of the intervention on the number of times the different subgroups visited the ED was analyzed. Results: The pharmacist intervention was more effective with respect to the number of subsequent ED visits in patients taking < 5 drugs on admission than in those taking >= 5 drugs. The rate ratio (RR) for a subsequent ED visit was 0.22 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.52] for,5 drugs and 0.70 (95% CI 0.47-1.04) for >= 5 drugs (p = 0.02 for the interaction). The effect of intervention did not differ between patients with high or low STOPP or START scores. Conclusion: In this exploratory study, the pharmacist intervention appeared to be more effective in preventing visits to the ED for patients who were taking fewer drugs before the intervention. Our analysis of STOPP and START scores indicated that the level of inappropriate prescribing on admission had no effect on the outcomes of intervention with respect to ED visits.

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  • 4.
    Alassaad, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Gillespie, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy.
    Bertilsson, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hammarlund-Udenaes, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy.
    Prescription and transcription errors in multidose-dispensed medications on discharge from hospital: an observationaland interventional study2013In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, ISSN 1356-1294, E-ISSN 1365-2753, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 185-191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background 

    Medication errors frequently occur when patients are transferred between health care settings. The main objective of this study was to investigate the frequency, type and severity of prescribing and transcribing errors for drugs dispensed in multidose plastic packs when patients are discharged from the hospital. The secondary objective was to correct identified errors and suggest measures to promote safe prescribing.

    Methods 

    The drugs on the patients' multidose drug dispensing (MDD) order sheets and the medication administration records were reconciled prior to the MDD orders being sent to the pharmacy for dispensing. Discrepancies were recorded and the prescribing physician was notified and given the opportunity to change the order. Discrepancies categorized as unintentional and related to the discharge process were subject to further analysis.

    Results 

    Seventy-two (25%) of the 290 reviewed MDD orders had at least one discharge error. In total, 120 discharge errors were identified, of which 49 (41%) were assessed as being of moderate and three (3%) of major severity. Orders with a higher number of medications and orders from the orthopaedic wards had a significantly higher error rate.

    Conclusion 

    The main purpose of the MDD system is to increase patient safety by reducing medication errors. However, this study shows that prescribing and transcribing errors frequently occur when patients are hospitalized. Because the population enrolled in the MDD system is an elderly, physically vulnerable group with a high number of prescribed drugs, preventive measures to ensure safe prescribing of MDD drugs are warranted.

  • 5.
    Alassaad, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hammarlund-Udenaes, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Bertilsson, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Gillespie, Ulrika
    Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    A tool for prediction of risk of rehospitalisation and mortality in the hospitalised elderly: secondary analysis of clinical trial data2015In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 5, no 2, article id e007259Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To construct and internally validate a risk score, the '80+ score', for revisits to hospital and mortality for older patients, incorporating aspects of pharmacotherapy. Our secondary aim was to compare the discriminatory ability of the score with that of three validated tools for measuring inappropriate prescribing: Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP), Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment (START) and Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI). Setting: Two acute internal medicine wards at Uppsala University hospital. Patient data were used from a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of a comprehensive clinical pharmacist intervention. Participants: Data from 368 patients, aged 80 years and older, admitted to one of the study wards. Primary outcome measure: Time to rehospitalisation or death during the year after discharge from hospital. Candidate variables were selected among a large number of clinical and drug-specific variables. After a selection process, a score for risk estimation was constructed. The 80+ score was internally validated, and the discriminatory ability of the score and of STOPP, START and MAI was assessed using C-statistics. Results: Seven variables were selected. Impaired renal function, pulmonary disease, malignant disease, living in a nursing home, being prescribed an opioid or being prescribed a drug for peptic ulcer or gastroesophageal reflux disease were associated with an increased risk, while being prescribed an antidepressant drug (tricyclic antidepressants not included) was linked to a lower risk of the outcome. These variables made up the components of the 80+ score. The C-statistics were 0.71 (80+), 0.57 (STOPP), 0.54 (START) and 0.63 (MAI). Conclusions: We developed and internally validated a score for prediction of risk of rehospitalisation and mortality in hospitalised older people. The score discriminated risk better than available tools for inappropriate prescribing. Pending external validation, this score can aid in clinical identification of high-risk patients and targeting of interventions.

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  • 6.
    Alenius, Malin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Dahl, Marja-Liisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology.
    Hartvig, Per
    Lindström, Leif
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Hammarlund-Udenaes, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Gene polymorphism influencing treatment response in psychotic patients in a naturalistic setting2008In: Journal of Psychiatric Research, ISSN 0022-3956, E-ISSN 1879-1379, Vol. 42, no 11, p. 884-893Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    RATIONALE: Many patients with psychotic symptoms respond poorly to treatment. Factors possibly affecting treatment response include the presence of polymorphisms in genes coding for various receptor populations, drug-metabolizing enzymes or transport proteins. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether genetic polymorphisms could be indicators of treatment response to antipsychotic drugs. The genes of interest were the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2), the serotonin 2A and 2C receptor genes (HTR2A and HTR2C), the P-glycoprotein gene (ABCB1 or MDR1) and the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 2D6 gene (CYP2D6). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data for this naturalistic, cross-sectional study of patients requiring antipsychotic drugs and attending the Psychosis Outpatient Care clinic in Jönköping, Sweden were obtained from patient interviews, blood samples and information from patient files. Blood samples were genotyped for DRD2 Taq1 A, Ins/Del and Ser311Cys, HTR2A T102C, HTR2C Cys23Ser, ABCB1 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A, 3435C>T and genetic variants of CYP2D6. The patients (n=116) were grouped according to the CANSEPT method regarding significant social and clinical needs and significant side effects. RESULTS: Patients on olanzapine homozygous for ABCB1 3435T, had more significant social and clinical needs than others. Patients with one or two DRD2 Taq1 A1 alleles had a greater risk of significant side effects, particularly if they were male, Caucasian, had a schizophrenic or delusional disorder or were taking strong dopamine D2-receptor antagonistic drugs. CONCLUSION: If these results are confirmed, patients carrying the DRD2 Taq1 A1 allele would benefit from using drugs without strong dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic properties.

  • 7. Alfirevic, A.
    et al.
    Neely, D.
    Armitage, J.
    Chinoy, H.
    Cooper, R. G.
    Laaksonen, R.
    Carr, D. F.
    Bloch, K. M.
    Fahy, J.
    Hanson, A.
    Yue, Q-Y
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Maitland-van der Zee, A. H.
    Voora, D.
    Psaty, B. M.
    Palmer, C. N. A.
    Pirmohamed, M.
    Phenotype Standardization for Statin-Induced Myotoxicity2014In: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN 0009-9236, E-ISSN 1532-6535, Vol. 96, no 4, p. 470-476Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Statins are widely used lipid-lowering drugs that are effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Although they are generally well tolerated, they can cause muscle toxicity, which can lead to severe rhabdomyolysis. Research in this area has been hampered to some extent by the lack of standardized nomenclature and phenotypic definitions. We have used numerical and descriptive classifications and developed an algorithm to define statin-related myotoxicity phenotypes, including myalgia, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and necrotizing autoimmune myopathy.

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  • 8. Aomori, Tohru
    et al.
    Yamamoto, Koujirou
    Oguchi-Katayama, Atsuko
    Kawai, Yuki
    Ishidao, Takefumi
    Mitani, Yasumasa
    Kogo, Yasushi
    Lezhava, Alexander
    Fujita, Yukiyoshi
    Obayashi, Kyoko
    Nakamura, Katsunori
    Kohnke, Hugo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Ekström, Lena
    Skogastierna, Cristine
    Rane, Anders
    Kurabayashi, Masahiko
    Murakami, Masami
    Cizdziel, Paul E.
    Hayashizaki, Yoshihide
    Horiuchi, Ryuya
    Rapid Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection of Cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) and Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase (VKORC1) Genes for the Warfarin Dose Adjustment by the SMart-Amplification Process Version 22009In: Clinical Chemistry, ISSN 0009-9147, E-ISSN 1530-8561, Vol. 55, no 4, p. 804-812Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms of the CYP2C9 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9) gene (CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3) and the VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1) gene (-1639G>A) greatly impact the maintenance dose for the drug warfarin. Prescreening patients for their genotypes before prescribing the drug facilitates a faster individualized determination of the proper maintenance dose, minimizing the risk for adverse reaction and reoccurrence of thromboembolic episodes. With current methodologies, therapy can be delayed by several hours to 1 day if genotyping is to determine the loading dose. A simpler and more rapid genotyping method is required. METHODS: We developed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-detection assay based on the SMart Amplification Process version 2 (SMAP 2) to analyze CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, and VKORC1 -1639G>A polymorphisms. Blood from consenting participants was used directly in a closed-tube real-time assay without DNA purification to obtain results within 1 h of blood collection. RESULTS: We analyzed 125 blood samples by both SMAP 2 and PCR-RFLP methods. The results showed perfect concordance. CONCLUSIONS: The results validate the accuracy of the SMAP 2 for determination of SNPs critical to personalized warfarin therapy. SMAP 2 offers speed, simplicity of sample preparation, the convenience of isothermal amplification, and assay-design flexibility, which are significant advantages over conventional genotyping technologies. In this example and other clinical scenarios in which genetic testing is required for immediate and better-informed therapeutic decisions, SMAP 2-based diagnostics have key advantages.

  • 9.
    Attelind, Sofia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Swedish Med Prod Agcy, Dept Drug Safety, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Uppsala Clin Res Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Sundstroem, Anders
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Identification of risk factors for adverse drug reactions in a pharmacovigilance database2023In: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, ISSN 1053-8569, E-ISSN 1099-1557, Vol. 32, no 12, p. 1431-1438Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction In addition to identifying new safety signals, pharmacovigilance databases could be used to identify potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs).Objective To evaluate whether data mining in a pharmacovigilance database can be used to identify known and possible novel risk factors for ADRs, for use in pharmacovigilance practice.Method Exploratory data mining was performed within the Swedish national database of spontaneously reported ADRs. Bleeding associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)-rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran-was used as a test model. We compared demographics, drug treatment, and clinical features between cases with bleeding (N = 965) and controls who had experienced other serious ADRs to DOACs (N = 511). Statistical analysis was performed by unadjusted and age adjusted logistic regression models, and the random forest based machine-learning method Boruta.Results In the logistic regression, 13 factors were significantly more common among cases of bleeding compared with controls. Eleven were labelled or previously proposed risk factors. Cardiac arrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation), hypertension, mental impairment disorders (e.g., dementia), renal and urinary tract procedures, gastrointestinal ulceration and perforation, and interacting drugs remained significant after adjustment for age. In the Boruta analysis, high age, arrhythmia, hypertension, cardiac failure, thromboembolism, and pharmacodynamically interacting drugs had a larger than random association with the outcome. High age, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, cardiac failure, and pharmacodynamically interacting drugs had odds ratios for bleeding above one, while thromboembolism had an odds ratio below one.Conclusions We demonstrated that data mining within a pharmacovigilance database identifies known risk factors for DOAC bleeding, and potential risk factors such as dementia and atrial fibrillation. We propose that the method could be used in pharmacovigilance for identification of potential ADR risk factors that merit further evaluation.

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  • 10.
    Attelind, Sofia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hamberg, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Siegbahn, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR). Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Coagulation and inflammation science.
    Granger, Christopher B.
    Duke Med, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Lopes, Renato D.
    Duke Med, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Alexander, John H.
    Duke Med, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Genetic determinants of apixaban plasma levels and their relationship to bleeding and thromboembolic events2022In: Frontiers in Genetics, E-ISSN 1664-8021, Vol. 13, article id 982955Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant, a factor Xa inhibitor, used for the prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite using recommended dosing a few patients might still experience bleeding or lack of efficacy that might be related to inappropriate drug exposure. We conducted a genome-wide association study using data from 1,325 participants in the pivotal phase three trial of apixaban with the aim to identify genetic factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of apixaban. A candidate gene analysis was also performed for pre-specified variants in ABCB1, ABCG2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and SULT1A1, with a subsequent analysis of all available polymorphisms within the candidate genes. Significant findings were further evaluated to assess a potential association with clinical outcome such as bleeding or thromboembolic events. No variant was consistently associated with an altered apixaban exposure on a genome-wide level. The candidate gene analyses showed a statistically significant association with a well-known variant in the drug transporter gene ABCG2 (c.421G > T, rs2231142). Patients carrying this variant had a higher exposure to apixaban [area under the curve (AUC), beta = 151 (95% CI 59-243), p = 0.001]. On average, heterozygotes displayed a 5% increase of AUC and homozygotes a 17% increase of AUC, compared with homozygotes for the wild-type allele. Bleeding or thromboembolic events were not significantly associated with ABCG2 rs2231142. This large genome-wide study demonstrates that genetic variation in the drug transporter gene ABCG2 is associated with the pharmacokinetics of apixaban. However, the influence of this finding on drug exposure was small, and further studies are needed to better understand whether it is of relevance for ischemic and bleeding events.

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  • 11. Avery, P. J.
    et al.
    Jorgensen, A.
    Hamberg, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Pirmohamed, M.
    Kamali, F.
    A Proposal for an Individualized Pharmacogenetics-Based Warfarin Initiation Dose Regimen for Patients Commencing Anticoagulation Therapy2011In: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN 0009-9236, E-ISSN 1532-6535, Vol. 90, no 5, p. 701-706Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A significant proportion of the interindividual variability in warfarin dose requirements can be explained on the basis of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes. We report the development of a novel pharmacogenetics-based 3-day warfarin initiation dose (ID) algorithm based on the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium (IWPC) maintenance dose algorithm and the CYP2C9 genotype-based variance in warfarin half-life. The predictive value of the pharmacogenetics-based ID was assessed in a large cohort of 671 newly diagnosed patients with thromboembolic disorders who were about to commence anticoagulation therapy in accordance with standard induction regimens. In patients with mean international normalized ratio (INR)(days 4-7)>4.0 (n = 63) after warfarin initiation, the pharmacogenetics-based ID algorithm predicted a markedly lower dose requirement (median reduction = 4.2 mg), whereas in those with mean INR(days 4-7) < 2.0 (n = 145), the predicted dose requirement was very similar to that in the standard regimen. The use of a pharmacogenetics-based ID may avoid overshooting of INR in warfarin-sensitive patients without unduly affecting the time taken to reach target range in the majority of patients.

  • 12. Becquemont, Laurent
    et al.
    Alfirevic, Ana
    Amstutz, Ursula
    Brauch, Hiltrud
    Jacqz-Aigrain, Evelyne
    Laurent-Puig, Pierre
    Molina, Miguel A
    Niemi, Mikko
    Schwab, Matthias
    Somogyi, Andrew A
    Thervet, Eric
    Maitland-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse
    van Kuilenburg, André Bp
    van Schaik, Ron Hn
    Verstuyft, Céline
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Daly, Ann K
    Practical recommendations for pharmacogenomics-based prescription: 2010 ESF-UB Conference on Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics2011In: Pharmacogenomics (London), ISSN 1462-2416, E-ISSN 1744-8042, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 113-124Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present article summarizes the discussions of the 3rd European Science Foundation-University of Barcelona (ESF-UB) Conference in Biomedicine on Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, which was held in June 2010 in Spain. It was focused on practical applications in routine medical practice. We provide practical recommendations for ten different clinical situations, that have either been approved or not approved by regulatory agencies. We propose some comments that might accompany the results of these tests, indicating the best drug and doses to be prescribed. The discussed examples include KRAS, cetuximab, panitumumab, EGFR-gefitinib, CYP2D6-tamoxifen, TPMT-azathioprine-6-mercaptopurine, VKORC1/CYP2C9-warfarin, CYP2C19-clopidogrel, HLA-B*5701-abacavir, HLA-B*5701-flucloxacillin, SLCO1B1-statins and CYP3A5-tacrolimus. We hope that these practical recommendations will help physicians, biologists, scientists and other healthcare professionals to prescribe, perform and interpret these genetic tests.

  • 13.
    Bejhed, Rebecca S.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics. Cent Hosp Vasteras, Vasteras, Sweden..
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Identification of Risk Factors for Bisphosphonate-Associated Atypical Femoral Fractures and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in a Pharmacovigilance Database2016In: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, ISSN 1060-0280, E-ISSN 1542-6270, Vol. 50, no 8, p. 616-624Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Atypical femoral fractures (AFs) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) are well-known adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with bisphosphonates. To prevent these ADRs and to aid in the search for pathogenic mechanisms, knowledge of risk factors can be helpful. Objective: To identify risk factors for bisphosphonate-related ONJ and AF. Methods: In this case-control study of reports of bisphosphonate-related ADRs from February 16, 1984, to October 16, 2013, in the Swedish national database of ADRs, we compared characteristics for cases of ONJ (n = 167) and AF (n = 55) with all other bisphosphonate-related ADRs (n = 565) with regard to demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and concomitant drug treatments. We adjusted for multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Results: Time to onset of ADRs differed statistically significantly between cases of AF and controls (2156 vs 111 days). For ONJ versus controls, differences were statistically significant for time to onset (1240 vs 111 days), intravenous administration (40% vs 20%), dental procedures (49% vs 0.2%) and prostheses (5% vs 0%), cancer disease (44% vs 12%), multiple myeloma (21% vs 1%), rheumatoid arthritis (14% vs 5%), and treatment with antineoplastic agents and oxycodone. Conclusion: These results lend further evidence to previously identified risk factors for ONJthat is, intravenous bisphosphonate administration; invasive dental procedures and dental prostheses; cancer disease, in particular multiple myeloma; and possibly, long-term bisphosphonate treatment. A putative further risk factor is rheumatoid arthritis. Only long-term bisphosphonate treatment was more common among AF cases. The lack of overlap of risk factors between ONJ and AF suggests different pathogenic mechanisms.

  • 14. Bertulyte, Ilma
    et al.
    Schwan, Sofie
    Schubert, Jessica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Risk Factors for Carbamazepine Induced Serious Skin Reactions2012In: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, ISSN 1053-8569, E-ISSN 1099-1557, Vol. 21, no SI:3, p. 441-441Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 15. Biss, Tina
    et al.
    Hamberg, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Avery, Peter
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Kamali, Farhad
    Warfarin dose prediction in children using pharmacogenetics information2012In: British Journal of Haematology, ISSN 0007-1048, E-ISSN 1365-2141, Vol. 159, no 1, p. 106-109Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Bloch, K. M.
    et al.
    Univ Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Carr, D.
    Univ Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Pirmohamed, M.
    Univ Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Morris, A.
    Univ Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Maroteau, C.
    Dundee Univ, Dundee, Scotland..
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Palmer, C.
    Dundee Univ, Dundee, Scotland..
    Alfirevic, A.
    Univ Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Whole exome sequencing in individuals with statin-induced myopathy2017In: Drug Safety, ISSN 0114-5916, E-ISSN 1179-1942, Vol. 40, no 10, p. 1026-1026Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Bouazza, Naim
    et al.
    Univ Paris Cite, Pediat & Perinatal Drug Evaluat & Pharmacol, F-75006 Paris, France.;Univ Paris Cite, Necker Cochin, AP HP, Unite Rech Clin, Paris, France.;Cochin Necker, CIC 1419 Inserm, Paris, France..
    Dokoumetzidis, Aristides
    Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Dept Pharm, Athens, Greece..
    Knibbe, Catherijne A. J.
    Leiden Univ, Leiden Acad Ctr Drug Res, Div Syst Biomed & Pharmacol, Leiden, Netherlands.;St Antonius Hosp, Dept Clin Pharm, Nieuwegein, Netherlands..
    de Wildt, Saskia N.
    Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Radboud Inst Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Med Ctr, Nijmegen, Netherlands.;Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Intens Care & Paediat Surg, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Ambery, Claire
    GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Clin Pharmacol Modelling & Simulat, London, England..
    De Cock, Pieter A.
    Univ Ghent, Dept Basic & Appl Med Sci, Ghent, Belgium.;Ghent Univ Hosp, Dept Pharm, Ghent, Belgium.;Ghent Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat Intens Care, Ghent, Belgium..
    Gasthuys, Elke
    Univ Ghent, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Bioanal, Ghent, Belgium..
    Foissac, Frantz
    Univ Paris Cite, Pediat & Perinatal Drug Evaluat & Pharmacol, F-75006 Paris, France.;Univ Paris Cite, Necker Cochin, AP HP, Unite Rech Clin, Paris, France.;Cochin Necker, CIC 1419 Inserm, Paris, France..
    Urien, Saik
    Univ Paris Cite, Pediat & Perinatal Drug Evaluat & Pharmacol, F-75006 Paris, France.;Univ Paris Cite, Necker Cochin, AP HP, Unite Rech Clin, Paris, France.;Cochin Necker, CIC 1419 Inserm, Paris, France..
    Hamberg, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Poggesi, Italo
    Janssen Res & Dev, Clin Pharmacol & Pharmacometr, Beerse, Belgium..
    Zhao, Wei
    Shandong Univ, Cheeloo Coll Med, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Clin Pharm,Key Lab Chem Biol,Minist Educ, Jinan, Peoples R China.;Shandong First Med Univ, Dept Pharm, Affiliated Hosp 1, Jinan, Peoples R China.;Shandong Prov Qianfoshan Hosp, Jinan, Peoples R China.;Shandong First Med Univ, Clin Res Ctr, Affiliated Hosp 1, Jinan, Peoples R China..
    Vermeulen, An
    Univ Ghent, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Bioanal, Ghent, Belgium..
    Standing, Joseph F.
    UCL Great Ormond St Inst Child Hlth, Infect Inflammat & Immunol, London, England.;Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, Dept Pharm, London, England..
    Treluyer, Jean-Marc
    Univ Paris Cite, Pediat & Perinatal Drug Evaluat & Pharmacol, F-75006 Paris, France.;Univ Paris Cite, Necker Cochin, AP HP, Unite Rech Clin, Paris, France.;Cochin Necker, CIC 1419 Inserm, Paris, France..
    General clinical and methodological considerations on the extrapolation of pharmacokinetics and optimization of study protocols for small molecules and monoclonal antibodies in children2022In: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, ISSN 0306-5251, E-ISSN 1365-2125, Vol. 88, no 12, p. 4985-4996Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pharmacometric modelling plays a key role in both the design and analysis of regulatory trials in paediatric drug development. Studies in adults provide a rich source of data to inform the paediatric investigation plans, including knowledge on drug pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and efficacy. In children, drug disposition differs widely from birth to adolescence but extrapolating adult to paediatric PK, safety and efficacy either with pharmacometric or physiologically based approaches can help design or in some cases reduce the need for clinical studies. Aspects to consider when extrapolating PK include the maturation of drug metabolizing enzyme expression, glomerular filtration, drug excretory systems, and the expression and activity of specific transporters in conjunction with other drug properties such as fraction unbound. Knowledge of these can be used to develop extrapolation tools such as allometric scaling plus maturation functions or physiologically based PK. PK/pharmacodynamic approaches and well-designed clinical trials in children are of key importance in paediatric drug development. In this white paper, state-of-the-art of current methods used for paediatric extrapolation will be discussed. This paper is part of a conect4children implementation of innovative methodologies including pharmacometric and physiologically based PK modelling in clinical trial design/paediatric drug development through dissemination of expertise and expert advice. The suggestions arising from this white paper should define a minimum set of standards in paediatric modelling and contribute to the regulatory science.

  • 18.
    Brüggemann, Anders
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR). Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical epidemiology.
    Hailer, Nils
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Risk of Revision After Arthroplasty Associated withSpecific Gene Loci: A Genomewide Association Study of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in 1,130 TwinsTreated with Arthroplasty2022In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, ISSN 0301-620X, E-ISSN 2044-5377, Vol. 104, no 7, p. 610-620Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    The risk of revision surgery following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) may be influenced by genetic factors. Therefore, we sought to identify genetic variants associated with the risk of revision surgery in a genomewide association study

    Methods

    We investigated a cohort of 1,130 twins from the Swedish Twin Registry treated with TJA. During a mean of 9.4 years of follow-up, 75 individuals underwent revision surgery for aseptic loosening (the primary outcome) and 94, for any reason (the secondary outcome). Genetic information was collected using the Illumina OmniExpress and PsychArray panels, and the Haplotype Reference Consortium served as the reference for gene imputation. Adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

    Results

    Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reached genomewide significance for aseptic loosening. The first SNP, rs77149046, located in the endosome-lysosome associated apoptosis and autophagy regulator family member 2 (ELAPOR2) gene, conferred an HR of 5.40 (CI, 3.23-9.02; p = 1.32×10−10), followed by 4 SNPs within the region coding for sodium-dependent taurine and beta-alanine transporter (SLC6A6), with HRs ranging from 3.35 to 3.43. The sixth SNP, rs7853989 (HR, 3.46; CI, 2.33-5.13; p = 6.91×10−10), was located in a region coding for the ABO blood group system. This SNP has been described as predictive for blood type B. Seven significant SNPs were found for the risk of revision for any reason, with the first 4 again being located in the SLC6A6 region. The leading SNP, rs62233562, conferred an HR of 3.11 (CI, 2.19-4.40; p = 1.74×10−10) for revision surgery. Similar HRs were found for SNPs 3:14506680 (p = 1.78×10−10), rs2289129 (p = 1.78×10−10), and rs17309567 (p = 3.16×10−10). The fifth SNP, rs11120968, was located in the calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1) gene (HR, 2.34; CI, 1.74-3.13, p = 1.45×10−8).

    Conclusions

    We identified 12 unique SNPs associated with an increased risk of revision surgery. Among these, 2 were in ELAPOR2, which is closely linked to bone formation. Another SNP is located in a gene region encoding for the ABO system, which merits further studies of causal relationships.

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  • 19.
    Byberg, Liisa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Gedeborg, Rolf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Cars, Thomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine.
    Berglund, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Kilander, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Prediction of fracture risk in men: A cohort study2012In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, ISSN 0884-0431, E-ISSN 1523-4681, Vol. 27, no 4, p. 797-807Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    FRAX is a tool that identifies individuals with high fracture risk who will benefit from pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis. However, a majority of fractures among elderly occur in people without osteoporosis and most occur after a fall. Our aim was to accurately identify men with a high future risk of fracture, independent of cause. In the population-based Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) and using survival analysis we studied different models' prognostic values (R(2) ) for any fracture and hip fracture within 10 years from age 50 (n = 2322), 60 (n = 1852), 71 (n = 1221), and 82 (n = 526). During the total follow-up period from age 50, 897 fractures occurred in 585 individuals. Of these, 281 were hip fractures occurring in 189 individuals. The rates of any fracture were 5.7/1000 person-years at risk from age 50 and 25.9/1000 person-years at risk from age 82. Corresponding hip fractures rates were 2.9 and 11.7/1000 person-years at risk. The FRAX model included all variables in FRAX except bone mineral density. The full model combining FRAX variables, comorbidity, medications, and behavioral factors explained 25-45% of all fractures and 80-92% of hip fractures, depending on age. The corresponding prognostic values of the FRAX model were 7-17% for all fractures and 41-60% for hip fractures. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) comparing the full model with the FRAX model ranged between 40 and 53% for any fracture and between 40 and 87% for hip fracture. Within the highest quintile of predicted fracture risk with the full model, 1/3 of the men will have a fracture within 10 years after age 71 years and 2/3 after age 82 years. We conclude that the addition of comorbidity, medication and behavioral factors to the clinical components of FRAX can substantially improve the ability to identify men at high risk of fracture, especially hip fracture. 

  • 20.
    Byberg, Liisa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Olsson, Erika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Karlström, Brita
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Cederholm, Tommy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Sjögren, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Kilander, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Reply to WB Grant2017In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 106, no 2, p. 700-701Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Byberg, Liisa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Olsson, Erika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Karlström, Brita
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Cederholm, Tommy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Sjögren, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
    Kilander, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Reply to Y Mao and H Yu.2017In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 106, no 2, p. 698-699Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Byrgazov, Konstantin
    et al.
    Oncopeptides AB, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lind, Thomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Rasmusson, Annica J.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Cervenka: Psychiatry.
    Andersson, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine.
    Slipicevic, Ana
    Oncopeptides AB, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lehmann, Fredrik
    Oncopeptides AB, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Gullbo, Joachim
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR). Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Larsson, Rolf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology.
    Fryknäs, Mårten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine.
    Melphalan flufenamide inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing proliferation of monocytes2021In: Bone Reports, ISSN 2352-1872, Vol. 15, article id 101098Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Myeloma bone disease is a major complication in multiple myeloma affecting quality of life and survival. It is characterized by increased activity of osteoclasts, bone resorbing cells. Myeloma microenvironment promotes excessive osteoclastogenesis, a process of production of osteoclasts from their precursors, monocytes. The effects of two anti-myeloma drugs, melphalan flufenamide (melflufen) and melphalan, on the activity and proliferation of osteoclasts and their progenitors, monocytes, were assessed in this study. In line with previous research, differentiation of monocytes was associated with increased expression of genes encoding DNA damage repair proteins. Hence monocytes were more sensitive to DNA damage-causing alkylating agents than their differentiated progeny, osteoclasts. In addition, differentiated progeny of monocytes showed increased gene expression of immune checkpoint ligands which may potentially create an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Melflufen was ten-fold more active than melphalan in inhibiting proliferation of osteoclast progenitors. Furthermore, melflufen was also superior to melphalan in inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. These results demonstrate that melflufen may exert beneficial effects in patients with multiple myeloma such as reducing bone resorption and immunosuppressive milieu by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.

  • 23.
    Cam, Henrik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Uppsala University Hospital.
    Kempen, Thomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University Hospital.
    Gillespie, Ulrika
    Uppsala University Hospital.
    Intervention fidelity within a randomised controlled trial on comprehensive medication reviews in hospitalised patients2018In: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, ISSN 2210-7703, E-ISSN 2210-7711, Vol. 40, no 1, p. 251-251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    Poster
  • 24. Caudle, Kelly E
    et al.
    Klein, Teri E
    Hoffman, James M
    Muller, Daniel J
    Whirl-Carrillo, Michelle
    Gong, Li
    McDonagh, Ellen M
    Sangkuhl, Katrin
    Thorn, Caroline F
    Schwab, Matthias
    Agundez, Jose A G
    Freimuth, Robert R
    Huser, Vojtech
    Lee, Ming Ta Michael
    Iwuchukwu, Otito F
    Crews, Kristine R
    Scott, Stuart A
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Swen, Jesse J
    Tyndale, Rachel F
    Stein, C Michael
    Roden, Dan
    Relling, Mary V
    Williams, Marc S
    Johnson, Samuel G
    Incorporation of Pharmacogenomics into Routine Clinical Practice: the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline Development Process2014In: Current drug metabolism, ISSN 1389-2002, E-ISSN 1875-5453, Current drug metabolism, Vol. 15, no 2, p. 209-217Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) publishes genotype-based drug guidelines to help clinicians understand how available genetic test results could be used to optimize drug therapy. CPIC has focused initially on well-known examples of pharmacogenomic associations that have been implemented in selected clinical settings, publishing nine to date. Each CPIC guideline adheres to a standardized format and includes a standard system for grading levels of evidence linking genotypes to phenotypes and assigning a level of strength to each prescribing recommendation. CPIC guidelines contain the necessary information to help clinicians translate patient-specific diplotypes for each gene into clinical phenotypes or drug dosing groups. This paper reviews the development process of the CPIC guidelines and compares this process to the Institute of Medicine's Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines.

  • 25. Cavallari, Larisa H.
    et al.
    Perera, Minoli
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Deloukas, Panos
    Taube, Gelson
    Patel, Shitalben R.
    Aquino-Michaels, Keston
    Viana, Marlos A. G.
    Shapiro, Nancy L.
    Nutescu, Edith A.
    Association of the GGCX (CAA) 16/17 repeat polymorphism with higher warfarin dose requirements in African Americans2012In: Pharmacogenetics & Genomics, ISSN 1744-6872, E-ISSN 1744-6880, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 152-158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective Little is known about genetic contributors to higher than usual warfarin dose requirements, particularly for African Americans. This study tested the hypothesis that the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) genotype contributes to warfarin dose requirements greater than 7.5 mg/day in an African American population.

    Methods A total of 338 African Americans on a stable dose of warfarin were enrolled. The GGCX rs10654848 (CAA) n, rs12714145 (G>A), and rs699664 (p.R325Q); VKORC1 c.-1639G>A and rs61162043; and CYP2C9*2, *3, *5, *8, *11, and rs7089580 genotypes were tested for their association with dose requirements greater than 7.5mg/day alone and in the context of other variables known to influence dose variability.

    Results The GGCX rs10654848 (CAA) 16 or 17 repeat occurred at a frequency of 2.6% in African Americans and was overrepresented among patients requiring greater than 7.5 mg/day versus those who required lower doses (12 vs. 3%, P = 0.003; odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval, 1.5-10.5). The GGCX rs10654848 genotype remained associated with high dose requirements on regression analysis including age, body size, and VKORC1 genotype. On linear regression, the GGCX rs10654848 genotype explained 2% of the overall variability in warfarin dose in African Americans. An examination of the GGCX rs10654848 genotype in warfarin-treated Caucasians revealed a (CAA) 16 repeat frequency of only 0.27% (P = 0.008 compared with African Americans).

    Conclusion These data support the GGCX rs10654848 genotype as a predictor of higher than usual warfarin doses in African Americans, who have a 10-fold higher frequency of the (CAA) 16/17 repeat compared with Caucasians. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 22: 152-158 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • 26.
    Cavalli, Marco
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics and Neurobiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR). Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Karlsson Sundbaum, Johanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology. Luleå Univ Technol, Dept Hlth Sci, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
    Wallenberg, Matilda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Svensk Dos AB, Box 2, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kohnke, Hugo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Baecklund, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Genome-wide association study of liver enzyme elevation in an extended cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients starting low-dose methotrexate2022In: Pharmacogenomics (London), ISSN 1462-2416, E-ISSN 1744-8042, Vol. 23, no 15, p. 813-820Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: A follow-up genome-wide association study (GWAS) in an extended cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients starting low-dose methotrexate (MTX) treatment was performed to identify further genetic variants associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation. Patients & methods: A GWAS was performed on 346 RA patients. Two outcomes within the first 6 months of MTX treatment were assessed: ALT >1.5-times the upper level of normal (ULN) and maximum level of ALT. Results: SPATA9 (rs72783407) was significantly associated with maximum level of ALT (p = 2.58 x 10(-8)) and PLCG2 (rs60427389) was tentatively associated with ALT >1.5 x ULN. Conclusion: Associations with SNPs in genes related to male fertility (SPATA9) and inflammatory processes (PLCG2) were identified.

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  • 27.
    Cavalli, Marco
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Pan, Gang
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Nord, Helena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Wadelius, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Novel regulatory variant detected on the VKORC1 haplotype that is associated with warfarin dose2016In: Pharmacogenomics (London), ISSN 1462-2416, E-ISSN 1744-8042, Vol. 17, no 12, p. 1305-1314Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: Warfarin dose requirement is associated with VKORC1 rs9923231, and we studied whether it is a functional variant.

    Materials & methods: We selected variants in linkage disequilibrium with rs9923231 that bind transcription factors in an allele-specific way. Representative haplotypes were cloned or constructed, nuclear protein binding and transcriptional activity were evaluated.

    Results: rs56314408C>T and rs2032915C>T were detected in a liver enhancer in linkage disequilibrium with rs9923231. The rs56314408-rs2032915 C-C haplotype preferentially bound nuclear proteins and had higher transcriptional activity than T-T and the African-specific T-C. A motif for TFAP2A/C was disrupted by rs56314408T. No difference in transcriptional activity was detected for rs9923231G>A.

    Conclusion: Our results supported an activating role for rs56314408C, while rs9923231G>A had no evidence of being functional.

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  • 28. Chang, Ming
    et al.
    Soderberg, Mao Mao
    Scordo, Maria Gabriella
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Tybring, Gunnel
    Dahl, Marja-Liisa
    CYP2C19*17 affects R-warfarin plasma clearance and warfarin INR/dose ratio in patients on stable warfarin maintenance therapy2015In: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, ISSN 0031-6970, E-ISSN 1432-1041, Vol. 71, no 4, p. 433-439Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We aimed to assess the influence of CYP2C19*17 on R-warfarin clearance as well as the effect of CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and VKORC1 polymorphisms together with non-genetic factors on warfarin international normalized ratio (INR)/daily dose. One hundred fifty Caucasian Italian outpatients with data on steady-state plasma concentrations of S- and R-warfarin were genotyped for CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *4, *17), CYP2C9 (*2, *3), CYP2C8*3, and VKORC1*2. The statistical analysis was performed on the effect of genotypes/haplotypes, age, sex, and body weight on the clearance of warfarin enantiomers and dose-normalized INR. R-warfarin clearance was 32 % higher in carriers of CYP2C19*17 than in carriers of CYP2C19*2 (mean 2.5 mL/min, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.3-2.8 vs. 1.9 mL/min, 95 % CI 1.7-2.2; P (post hoc) = 0.01). Patients with CYP2C19*1/*1 genotype had an intermediate clearance (mean 2.1 mL/min, 95 % CI 1.8-2.4). The genotypes of VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, together with non-genetic factors (age, sex, and body weight) explained 52 % of the variability in warfarin INR/daily dose, of which CYP2C19 genotypes accounted for 7 %. This is the first study to include the gain-of-function CYP2C19*17 allele when assessing the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on the clearance of warfarin enantiomers. CYP2C19 genotypes influenced the clearance of R-warfarin and contributed significantly to the variability in INR/daily dose, indirectly indicating a clinical relevance of R-warfarin.

  • 29. Chen, Leslie Y.
    et al.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology.
    Gwilliam, Rhian
    Bentley, David
    Deloukas, Panos
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) microsatellite and warfarin dosing2005In: Blood, ISSN 0006-4971, E-ISSN 1528-0020, Vol. 106, no 10, p. 3673-4Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Cirulli, Elizabeth T.
    et al.
    Duke Univ, Duke Ctr Appl Genom & Precis Med, Durham, NC USA.
    Nicoletti, Paola
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA;Sema4, Stamford, CT USA.
    Abramson, Karen
    Duke Univ, Duke Mol Physiol Inst, Durham, NC USA.
    Andrade, Raul J.
    Univ Malaga, Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, UGC Digest,Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Malaga, Spain;Univ Malaga, IBIMA Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain;CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain.
    Bjornsson, Einar S.
    Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Chalasani, Naga
    Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
    Fontana, Robert J.
    Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Li, Yi Ju
    Duke Univ, Duke Mol Physiol Inst, Durham, NC USA;Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA.
    Lucena, M. Isabel
    Univ Malaga, Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, UGC Digest,Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Malaga, Spain;Univ Malaga, IBIMA Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain;CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain.
    Long, Nanye
    Michigan State Univ, Inst Cyber Enabled Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England;Kings Coll London, London, England.
    Nelson, Matthew R.
    GSK, Target Sci, King Of Prussia, PA USA.
    Odin, Joseph A.
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA.
    Pirmohamed, Munir
    Univ Liverpool, Dept Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England;Univ Liverpool, Inst Translat Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Rafnar, Thorunn
    deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Serrano, Jose
    NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
    Stefansson, Kari
    deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Stolz, Andrew
    Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA.
    Daly, Ann K.
    Newcastle Univ, Inst Cellular Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
    Aithal, Guruprasad P.
    Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Nottingham Digest Dis Ctr, Nottingham, England;Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Nottingham Biomed Res Ctr, Nottingham, England;Univ Nottingham, Nottingham, England;Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Nottingham Digest Dis Biomed Res Unit, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Nottingham, England.
    Watkins, Paul B.
    Univ N Carolina, UNC Eshelman Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA;Univ N Carolina, Inst Drug Safety Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
    Bessone, Fernando
    Univ Nacl Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
    Bjornsson, Einar
    Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Cascorbi, Ingolf
    Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Kiel, Germany.
    Dillon, John F.
    Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dundee, Scotland.
    Day, Christopher P.
    Newcastle Univ, Inst Cellular Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
    Hernandez, Nelia
    Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
    Ibanez, Luisa
    Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Barcelona, Spain.
    Kullak-Ublic, Gerd A.
    Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Laitinen, Tarja
    Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland.
    Larrey, Dominique
    Hop St Eloi, Montpellier, France.
    Maitland-van der Zee, Anke
    AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Martin, Jennifer H.
    Univ Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
    Menzies, Dick
    MUHC, Montreal, PQ, Canada;McGill Univ, Montreal Chest Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
    Qin, Shengying
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    A Missense Variant in PTPN22 is a Risk Factor for Drug-induced Liver Injury2019In: Gastroenterology, ISSN 0016-5085, E-ISSN 1528-0012, Vol. 156, no 6, p. 1707-1716Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND & AIMS: We performed genetic analyses of a multiethnic cohort of patients with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) to identify variants associated with susceptibility.

    METHODS: We performed a genome-wide association study of 2048 individuals with DILI (cases) and 12,429 individuals without (controls). Our analysis included subjects of European (1806 cases and 10,397 controls), African American (133 cases and 1,314 controls), and Hispanic (109 cases and 718 controls) ancestry. We analyzed DNA from 113 Icelandic cases and 239,304 controls to validate our findings.

    RESULTS: We associated idiosyncratic DILI with rs2476601, a nonsynonymous polymorphism that encodes a substitution of tryptophan with arginine in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 22 gene (PTPN22) (odds ratio [OR] 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.62; P = 1.2 x 10(-9) and replicated the finding in the validation set (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.09-1.99; P =.01). The minor allele frequency showed the same effect size (OR > 1) among ethnic groups. The strongest association was with amoxicillin and clavulanate-associated DILI in persons of European ancestry (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.32-1.98; P = 4.0 x 10(-6); allele frequency = 13.3%), but the polymorphism was associated with DILI of other causes (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.21-1.56; P = 1.5 x 10(-6); allele frequency = 11.5%). Among amoxicillin-and clavulanate-associated cases of European ancestry, rs2476601 doubled the risk for DILI among those with the HLA risk alleles A* 02: 01 and DRB1* 15: 01.

    CONCLUSIONS: In a genome-wide association study, we identified rs2476601 in PTPN22 as a non-HLA variant that associates with risk of liver injury caused by multiple drugs and validated our finding in a separate cohort. This variant has been associated with increased risk of autoimmune diseases, providing support for the concept that alterations in immune regulation contribute to idiosyncratic DILI.

  • 31.
    Cismaru, Anca Liliana
    et al.
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.;Univ Bern, Grad Sch Cellular & Biomed Sci, Bern, Switzerland..
    Grimm, Livia
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland..
    Rudin, Deborah
    Univ Hosp Basel, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Basel, Switzerland.;Univ Basel, Dept Biomed, Basel, Switzerland..
    Ibanez, Luisa
    Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Fdn Inst Catala Farmacol, Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Dept Pharmacol Therapeut & Toxicol,Clin Pharmacol, Barcelona, Spain..
    Liakoni, Evangelia
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Internal Med, Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol,Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.;Univ Bern, Inst Pharmacol, Bern, Switzerland..
    Bonadies, Nicolas
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Hematol, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.;Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Cent Hematol Lab, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland..
    Kreutz, Reinhold
    Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany.;Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany.;Humboldt Univ, Berlin, Germany.;Berlin Inst Hlth, Inst Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol, Berlin, Germany..
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Haschke, Manuel
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Internal Med, Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol,Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.;Univ Bern, Inst Pharmacol, Bern, Switzerland..
    Largiader, Carlo R.
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland..
    Amstutz, Ursula
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland..
    High-Throughput Sequencing to Investigate Associations Between HLA Genes and Metamizole-Induced Agranulocytosis2020In: Frontiers in Genetics, E-ISSN 1664-8021, Vol. 11, article id 951Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Objective: Agranulocytosis is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of metamizole (dipyrone) intake that is characterized by a loss of circulating neutrophil granulocytes. While the mechanism underlying this adverse drug reaction is not well understood, involvement of the immune system has been suggested. In addition, associations between genetic variants in the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region and agranulocytosis induced by other drugs have been reported. The aim of the present study was to assess whether genetic variants in classical HLA genes are associated with the susceptibility to metamizole-induced agranulocytosis (MIA) in a European population by targeted resequencing of eight HLA genes.

    Design: A case-control cohort of Swiss patients with a history of neutropenia or agranulocytosis associated with metamizole exposure (n = 53), metamizole-tolerant (n = 39) and unexposed controls (n = 161) was recruited for this study. A high-throughput resequencing (HTS) and high-resolution typing method was used to sequence and analyze eight HLA loci in a discovery subset of this cohort (n = 31 cases, n = 38 controls). Identified candidate alleles were investigated in the full Swiss cohort as well as in two independent cohorts from Germany and Spain using HLA imputation from genome-wide SNP array data. In addition, variant calling based on HTS data was performed in the discovery subset for the class I genes HLA-A, -B, and -C using the HLA-specific mapper hla-mapper.

    Results: Eight candidate alleles (p < 0.05) were identified in the discovery subset, of which HLA-C04:01 was associated with MIA in the full Swiss cohort (p < 0.01) restricted to agranulocytosis (ANC < 0.5 × 109/L) cases. However, no candidate allele showed a consistent association in the Swiss, German and Spanish cohorts. Analysis of individual sequence variants in class I genes produced consistent results with HLA typing but did not reveal additional small nucleotide variants associated with MIA.

    Conclusion: Our results do not support an HLA-restricted T cell-mediated immune mechanism for MIA. However, we established an efficient high-resolution (three-field) eight-locus HTS HLA resequencing method to interrogate the HLA region and demonstrated the feasibility of its application to pharmacogenetic studies.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 32.
    Cismaru, Anca Liliana
    et al.
    Univ Bern, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Univ Bern, Grad Sch Cellular & Biomed Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Rudin, Deborah
    Univ Basel, Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Univ Basel, Dept Biomed, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.
    Ibanez, Luisa
    Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Vall d'Hebron, Clin Pharmacol Serv, Fundacio Inst Catala Farmacol, Dept Pharmacol Ther, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
    Liakoni, Evangelia
    Univ Bern, Univ Hosp Bern, Inselspital, Dept Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Univ Bern, Inst Pharmacol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Bonadies, Nicolas
    Univ Bern, Dept Hematol, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Univ Bern, Cent Hematol Lab, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
    Kreutz, Reinhold
    Charite Univ Med Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Free Univ Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt Univ, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Inst Hlth, Inst Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
    Carvajal, Alfonso
    Univ Valladolid, Ctr Estudios Seguridad Medicamentos, Valladolid 47005, Spain.
    Lucena, Maria Isabel
    Univ Malaga, Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Serv Farmacol Clin, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.
    Martin, Javier
    CSIC, Inst Parasitol & Biomed Lopez Neyra, Granada 18016, Spain.
    Sancho Ponce, Esther
    Hosp Gen Cataluna, Serv Hematol & Banc Sang, Sant Cugat Del Valles 08190, Spain.
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Kings Coll London, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Krähenbühl, Stephan
    Univ Basel, Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
    Largiadèr, Carlo R.
    Univ Bern, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
    Haschke, Manuel
    Univ Bern, Univ Hosp Bern, Inselspital, Dept Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Univ Bern, Inst Pharmacol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Amstutz, Ursula
    Univ Bern, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
    Genome-Wide Association Study of Metamizole-Induced Agranulocytosis in European Populations2020In: Genes, ISSN 2073-4425, E-ISSN 2073-4425, Vol. 11, no 11, article id 1275Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Agranulocytosis is a rare yet severe idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction to metamizole, an analgesic widely used in countries such as Switzerland and Germany. Notably, an underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated and no predictive factors are known to identify at-risk patients. With the aim to identify genetic susceptibility variants to metamizole-induced agranulocytosis (MIA) and neutropenia (MIN), we conducted a retrospective multi-center collaboration including cases and controls from three European populations. Association analyses were performed using genome-wide genotyping data from a Swiss cohort (45 cases, 191 controls) followed by replication in two independent European cohorts (41 cases, 273 controls) and a joint discovery meta-analysis. No genome-wide significant associations (p < 1 × 10−7) were observed in the Swiss cohort or in the joint meta-analysis, and no candidate genes suggesting an immune-mediated mechanism were identified. In the joint meta-analysis of MIA cases across all cohorts, two candidate loci on chromosome 9 were identified, rs55898176 (OR = 4.01, 95%CI: 2.41–6.68, p = 1.01 × 10−7) and rs4427239 (OR = 5.47, 95%CI: 2.81–10.65, p = 5.75 × 10−7), of which the latter is located in the SVEP1 gene previously implicated in hematopoiesis. This first genome-wide association study for MIA identified suggestive associations with biological plausibility that may be used as a stepping-stone for post-GWAS analyses to gain further insight into the mechanism underlying MIA.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 33.
    Cooper-DeHoff, Rhonda M.
    et al.
    Univ Florida, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacotherapy & Translat Res, Gainesville, FL USA.;Univ Florida, Coll Pharm, Ctr Pharmacogen & Precis Med, Gainesville, FL USA.;Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Gainesville, FL USA..
    Niemi, Mikko
    Univ Helsinki, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Individualized Drug Therapy Res Program, Helsinki, Finland.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, HUS Diagnost Ctr, Helsinki, Finland.;Univ Helsinki, Individualized Drug Therapy Res Program, Helsinki, Finland..
    Ramsey, Laura B.
    Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Clin Pharmacol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.;Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Res Patient Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.;Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA..
    Luzum, Jasmine A.
    Univ Michigan, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharm, 428 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..
    Tarkiainen, E. Katriina
    Univ Helsinki, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Individualized Drug Therapy Res Program, Helsinki, Finland.;Helsinki Univ Hosp, HUS Diagnost Ctr, Helsinki, Finland.;Univ Helsinki, Individualized Drug Therapy Res Program, Helsinki, Finland..
    Straka, Robert J.
    Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Gong, Li
    Stanford Univ, Dept Biomed Data Sci, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Tuteja, Sony
    Univ Penn, Dept Med, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA..
    Wilke, Russell A.
    Univ South Dakota, Sanford Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sioux Falls, SD USA..
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Larson, Eric A.
    Univ South Dakota, Sanford Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Sioux Falls, SD USA..
    Roden, Dan M.
    Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Nashville, TN USA.;Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Clin Pharmacol, Nashville, TN USA.;Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.;Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biomed Informat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA..
    Klein, Teri E.
    Stanford Univ, Dept Biomed Data Sci, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Yee, Sook Wah
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Krauss, Ronald M.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA USA.;Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Turner, Richard M.
    Univ Liverpool, Wolfson Ctr Personalised Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Palaniappan, Latha
    Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Primary Care & Populat Hlth, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Gaedigk, Andrea
    Childrens Mercy Kansas City, Div Clin Pharmacol Toxicol & Therapeut Innovat, Kansas City, MO USA.;Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA..
    Giacomini, Kathleen M.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Caudle, Kelly E.
    St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Div Pharmaceut Sci, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA..
    Voora, Deepak
    Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Duke Ctr Appl Genom & Precis Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA..
    The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for SLCO1B1, ABCG2, and CYP2C9 genotypes and Statin-Associated Musculoskeletal Symptoms2022In: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN 0009-9236, E-ISSN 1532-6535, Vol. 111, no 5, p. 1007-1021Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Statins reduce cholesterol, prevent cardiovascular disease, and are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the world. Statin-associated musculoskeletal symptoms (SAMS) impact statin adherence and ultimately can impede the long-term effectiveness of statin therapy. There are several identified pharmacogenetic variants that impact statin disposition and adverse events during statin therapy. SLCO1B1 encodes a transporter (SLCO1B1; alternative names include OATP1B1 or OATP-C) that facilitates the hepatic uptake of all statins. ABCG2 encodes an efflux transporter (BCRP) that modulates the absorption and disposition of rosuvastatin. CYP2C9 encodes a phase I drug metabolizing enzyme responsible for the oxidation of some statins. Genetic variation in each of these genes alters systemic exposure to statins (i.e., simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin), which can increase the risk for SAMS. We summarize the literature supporting these associations and provide therapeutic recommendations for statins based on SLCO1B1, ABCG2, and CYP2C9 genotype with the goal of improving the overall safety, adherence, and effectiveness of statin therapy. This document replaces the 2012 and 2014 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for SLCO1B1 and simvastatin-induced myopathy.

  • 34.
    Cui, Tao
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Tsolakis, Apostolos V.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology.
    Cunningham, Janet
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Li, Su-Chen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lind, Thomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Öberg, Kjell
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Giandomenico, Valeria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Olfactory Receptor 51E1 is a Potential Novel Tissue Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Small Intestine Neuroendocrine Tumors2013In: Pancreas, ISSN 0885-3177, E-ISSN 1536-4828, Vol. 42, no 2, p. 373-373Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Cui, Tao
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology.
    Tsolakis, Apostolos V
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology.
    Li, Su-Chen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology.
    Cunningham, Janet L
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Lind, Thomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Öberg, Kjell
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Giandomenico, Valeria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Oncology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Olfactory receptor 51E1 protein as a potential novel tissue biomarker for small intestine neuroendocrine carcinomas2013In: European Journal of Endocrinology, ISSN 0804-4643, E-ISSN 1479-683X, Vol. 168, no 2, p. 253-261Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Late diagnosis hinders proper management of small intestine neuroendocrine carcinoma (SI-NEC) patients. The olfactory receptor, family 51, subfamily E, member 1 (OR51E1) has been reported as a potential novel SI-NEC marker, without protein expression recognition. Thus, we further studied whether the encoded protein may be a novel SI-NEC clinical biomarker.

    DESIGN: OR51E1 coding sequence was cloned using total RNA from SI-NEC patient specimens. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis explored OR51E1 expression in laser capture microdissected SI-NEC cells and adjacent microenvironment cells. Moreover, immunohistochemistry investigated OR51E1 protein expression on operation and biopsy material from primary SI-NECs, mesentery, and liver metastases from 70 patients. Furthermore, double immunofluorescence studies explored the potential co-localization of the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (SLC18A1, generally referred to as VMAT1) and OR51E1 in the neoplastic cells and in the intestinal mucosa adjacent to the tumor.

    RESULTS: OR51E1 coding sequence analysis showed absence of mutation in SI-NEC patients at different stages of disease. OR51E1 expression was higher in microdissected SI-NEC cells than in the adjacent microenvironment cells. Furthermore, both membranous and cytoplasmic OR51E1 immunostaining patterns were detected in both primary SI-NECs and metastases. Briefly, 18/43 primary tumors, 7/28 mesentery metastases, and 6/18 liver metastases were 'positive' for OR51E1 in more than 50% of the tumor cells. In addition, co-localization studies showed that OR51E1 was expressed in >50% of the VMAT1 immunoreactive tumor cells and of the enterochromaffin cells in the intestinal mucosa adjacent to the tumor.

    CONCLUSION: OR51E1 protein is a potential novel clinical tissue biomarker for SI-NECs. Moreover, we suggest its potential therapeutic molecular target development using solid tumor radioimmunotherapy.

  • 36. Dias, M M
    et al.
    Pignon, J-P
    Karapetis, C S
    Boige, V
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Oncology.
    Kweekel, D M
    Lara, P N
    Laurent-Puig, P
    Martinez-Balibrea, E
    Páez, D
    Punt, C J A
    Redman, M W
    Toffoli, G
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    McKinnon, R A
    Sorich, M J
    The effect of the UGT1A1*28 allele on survival after irinotecan-based chemotherapy: a collaborative meta-analysis2014In: The Pharmacogenomics Journal, ISSN 1470-269X, E-ISSN 1473-1150, Vol. 14, no 5, p. 424-431Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To date, studies of irinotecan pharmacogenetics have mostly focused on the effect of the UGT1A1*28 allele on irinotecan-related toxicity. However, the clinical utility of routine UGT1A1*28 genotyping to pre-emptively adjust irinotecan dosage is dependent upon whether UGT1A1*28 also affects patient survival following irinotecan therapy. Previous observational studies evaluating the influence of UGT1A1*28 on survival have shown contradictory results. A systematic review and meta-analysis of both published and unpublished data were performed to summarize the available evidence of the relationship between the UGT1A1*28 allele and patient survival related to irinotecan therapy. Overall and progression-free survival meta-analysis data were available for 1524 patients and 1494 patients, respectively. The difference in the survival between patients of different UGT1A1*28 genotypes (homozygous, heterozygous or wild-type) who had received irinotecan was not found to be statistically significant. There was also no evidence of irinotecan dose, regimen or line of therapy having an impact on this association.

  • 37. Eliasson, Erik
    et al.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Farmakogenomik – individuell anpassning av läkemedel och dos: [Pharmacogenomics - a cornerstone of Precision Medicine. Genomic Medicine Sweden analyses genotypes associated with serious drug toxicity or therapeutic failure]2021In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 118, article id 20176Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Serious adverse drug reactions, drug intolerance, and lack of effect are major problems in healthcare. Pharmacogenomics is the part of precision medicine that aims to develop predictive risk markers in this respect and establish such testing in clinical practice. The nation-wide project Genomic Medicine Sweden (GMS) is undertaking large-scale sequencing to predict risk of drug toxicity and lack of efficacy in malignant diseases. The aim is to facilitate an improved, individualized treatment with increased patient safety. In addition to accurate genotyping, other technical or infrastructure-related aspects need to be considered for a successful implementation in healthcare, for example electronic accessibility and visibility of pharmacogenomic data of long-standing relevance for an individual's ongoing and future drug treatment.

  • 38.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Berglund, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Axelsson, Tomas
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Connolly, Stuart
    Hamilton Hlth Sci, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Eikelboom, John
    Hamilton Hlth Sci, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Ezekowitz, Michael
    Thomas Jefferson Univ, Sidney Kimmel Med Collage, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA..
    Oldgren, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Pare, Guillaume
    Hamilton Hlth Sci, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Reilly, Paul
    Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Inc, Ridgefield, CT USA..
    Siegbahn, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Coagulation and inflammation science. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Syvänen, Ann-Christine
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine.
    Wadelius, Claes
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Yusuf, Salim
    Hamilton Hlth Sci, Populat Hlth Res Inst, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada..
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Genetic determinants of warfarin maintenance dose and time in therapeutic treatment range: a RE-LY genomics substudy2016In: Pharmacogenomics (London), ISSN 1462-2416, E-ISSN 1744-8042, Vol. 17, no 13, p. 1425-1439Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: We investigated associations between genetic variation in candidate genes and on a genome-wide scale with warfarin maintenance dose, time in therapeutic range (TTR), and risk of major bleeding. Materials & methods: In total, 982 warfarin-treated patients from the RE-LY trial were studied. Results: After adjusting for SNPs in VKORC1 and CYP2C9, SNPs in DDHD1 (rs17126068) and NEDD4 (rs2288344) were associated with dose. Adding these SNPs and CYP4F2 (rs2108622) to a base model increased R-2 by 2.9%. An SNP in ASPH (rs4379440) was associated with TTR (-6.8% per minor allele). VKORC1 was associated with time less than INR 2.0. VKORC1 and CYP2C9 were associated with time more than INR 3.0, but not with major bleeding. Conclusions: We identified two novel genes associated with warfarin maintenance dose and one gene associated with TTR. These genes need to be replicated in an independent cohort.

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  • 39. Eriksson, Solveig
    et al.
    Berg, Lars M.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Alderborn, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Cytochrome P450 genotyping by multiplexed real-time DNA sequencing with Pyrosequencing TM technology2002In: Assay and drug development technologies, ISSN 1540-658X, E-ISSN 1557-8127, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 49-59Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Individual differences in xenobiotic metabolism influence the therapeutic value of many drugs and are of major concern during the development of new drug candidates. A number of polymorphic cytochrome p450 enzymes account for a significant part of this variation. A better understanding of these genetic factors would be of value for drug development, as well as clinical practice. To fulfill the goal of a personalized medicine, methods for simple and accurate assessment of cytochrome p450 genes are required. We report on the development of multiplex assays for genotyping of the cytochrome p450 drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 with Pyrosequencing technology. Eleven variable positions, representing 12 of the most frequent alleles, were scored: CYP2D6 alleles *2, *3, *4, *6, *7, *8, and *14, CYP2C19 alleles *2, *3, and *4, and CYP2C9 alleles *2 and *3. Four multiplex Pyrosequencing reactions per patient sample were performed to cover these positions, using either simplex or multiplex PCR for amplification of target DNA sequences. Unequivocal genotypes were obtained for all patient samples, and the results were validated by comparing with results obtained using PCR-RFLP. For positions addressed with both methods, the results were in complete agreement. Pyrosequencing technology offers a highly automated, rapid, and accurate method for identification of cytochrome p450 alleles, which is suitable for pharmacogenomic research, as well as for routine assessment of patient genotypes.

  • 40.
    Fall, Tove
    et al.
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE‐171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Shiue, Ivy
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE‐171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
    af Geijerstam, Per Bergea
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE‐171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Ärnlöv, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics. School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Biochemial structure and function.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Ingelsson, Erik
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE‐171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Relations of circulating vitamin D concentrations with left ventricular geometry and function2012In: European Journal of Heart Failure, ISSN 1388-9842, E-ISSN 1879-0844, Vol. 14, no 9, p. 985-991Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with risk of overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), but associations with subclinical disease are not well characterized. Hence, we examined associations of circulating vitamin D concentrations and left ventricular (LV) geometry and function by echocardiography at baseline and after 5 years in a community-based study. In the PIVUS study, we measured serum 25-dihydroxyvitamin-D (25-OH D) at age 70 and performed echocardiography including LV mass, wall thickness, end-diastolic diameter, end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left atrial diameter, fractional shortening, ejection fraction, isovolumic relaxation time, and E/A ratio at both age 70 and 75. We included 870 participants (52 women) without prior myocardial infarctions, heart failure, or prevalent valvular disease. After adjusting for potential confounders, 25-OH D at baseline was found to be significantly associated with LVESD, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction (, 0.42 mm, P 0.03; , 0.70, P 0.03; and , 0.91 P 0.01, respectively), per 1 SD increase in 25-OH D (SD 20 nmol/L) at baseline. In longitudinal analyses, vitamin D levels at baseline were not significantly associated with change in LV geometry and function after 5 years. In our community-based study among the elderly, we found higher circulating vitamin D concentrations to be associated cross-sectionally with better LV systolic function and smaller LVESD at baseline. The association persisted after adjusting for several potential confounders, including cardiovascular risk factors and calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone levels. Randomized clinical trials are needed to establish firmly or refute a causal relationship between vitamin D levels and changes in LV geometry and function.

  • 41. Fioretos, Thoas
    et al.
    Wirta, Valtteri
    Cavelier, Lucia
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
    Berglund, Eva
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Friedman, Mikaela
    Akhras, Michael
    Botling, Johan
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Ehrencrona, Hans
    Engstrand, Lars
    Helenius, Gisela
    Fagerqvist, Therese
    Uppsala University, Uppsala University Innovation Partnership Office.
    Gisselsson, David
    Gruvberger-Saal, Sofia
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Heidenblad, Markus
    Höglund, Kina
    Jacobsson, Bo
    Johansson, Maria
    Johansson, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics and Neurobiology.
    Soller, Maria Johansson
    Landström, Maréne
    Larsson, Pär
    Levin, Lars-Åke
    Lindstrand, Anna
    Lovmar, Lovisa
    Lyander, Anna
    Melin, Malin
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Nordgren, Ann
    Nordmark, Gunnel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology.
    Mölling, Paula
    Palmqvist, Lars
    Palmqvist, Richard
    Repsilber, Dirk
    Sikora, Per
    Stenmark, Bianca
    Söderkvist, Peter
    Stranneheim, Henrik
    Strid, Tobias
    Wheelock, Craig E
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wedell, Anna
    Edsjö, Anders
    Rosenquist, Richard
    Implementing precision medicine in a regionally organized healthcare system in Sweden.2022In: Nature Medicine, ISSN 1078-8956, E-ISSN 1546-170X, Vol. 28, no 10, p. 1980-1982Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 42.
    Floyd, James S.
    et al.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Bloch, Katarzyna M.
    Univ Liverpool, MRC Ctr Drug Safety Sci, Dept Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Brody, Jennifer A.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Maroteau, Cyrielle
    Univ Dundee, Div Mol & Clin Med, Dundee, Scotland.
    Siddiqui, Moneeza K.
    Univ Dundee, Div Mol & Clin Med, Dundee, Scotland.
    Gregory, Richard
    Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Funct & Comparat Genom, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Carr, Daniel F.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England.
    Liu, Xiaoming
    Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Bis, Joshua C.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Ahmed, Ammar
    Univ Liverpool, Sch Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Liu, Xuan
    Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Funct & Comparat Genom, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala Univ, Univ Uppsala Hosp.
    Yue, Qun-Ying
    Med Prod Agcy, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Swedish Twin Registry, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Brisson, Diane
    Univ Montreal, Community Gene Med Ctr, Clin Lipidol & Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Dept Med,Lipid Clin,Chicoutimi Hosp, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada;ECOGENE 21 Clin & Translat Res Ctr, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada.
    Wiggins, Kerri L.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Morrison, Alanna C.
    Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Genet, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Khoury, Etienne
    Univ Montreal, Community Gene Med Ctr, Clin Lipidol & Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Dept Med,Lipid Clin,Chicoutimi Hosp, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada;ECOGENE 21 Clin & Translat Res Ctr, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada.
    McKeigue, Paul
    Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Stricker, Bruno H.
    Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Lapeyre-Mestre, Maryse
    Paul Sabatier Univ Toulouse III, UPS Toulouse, Lab Pharmacol Med & Clin, Toulouse, France.
    Heckbert, Susan R.
    Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Gallagher, Arlene M.
    Clin Practice Res Datalink CPRD Med & Healthcare, London, England.
    Chinoy, Hector
    Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Salford, Lancs, England.
    Gibbs, Richard A.
    Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Bondon-Guitton, Emmanuelle
    CHU Toulouse, Ctr Pharmacovigilance, Toulouse, France.
    Tracy, Russell
    Univ Vermont, Larner Coll Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Burlington, VT USA;Univ Vermont, Dept Biochem, Larner Coll Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
    Boerwinkle, Eric
    Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Genet, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Gaudet, Daniel
    Univ Montreal, Community Gene Med Ctr, Clin Lipidol & Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Dept Med,Lipid Clin,Chicoutimi Hosp, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada;ECOGENE 21 Clin & Translat Res Ctr, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada.
    Conforti, Anita
    Policlin Gb Rossi, UO Farmacol, Verona, Italy.
    van Staa, Tjeerd
    Univ Manchester, Div Informat Imaging & Data Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England.
    Sitlani, Colleen M.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Rice, Kenneth M.
    Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Maitland-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse
    AMC, Resp Med Pediat Resp Med, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Morris, Andrew P.
    Univ Liverpool, Dept Biostat, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Pirmohamed, Munir
    Univ Liverpool, MRC Ctr Drug Safety Sci, Dept Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Palmer, Colin A. N.
    Univ Dundee, Div Mol & Clin Med, Dundee, Scotland.
    Psaty, Bruce M.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Alfirevic, Ana
    Univ Liverpool, MRC Ctr Drug Safety Sci, Dept Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Baranova, Ekaterina V.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Aaspollu, Anu
    McCarthy, Alun
    Delrieu, Olivier
    Pharmacogenomics of statin-related myopathy: Meta-analysis of rare variants from whole-exome sequencing2019In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 14, no 6, article id e0218115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims Statin-related myopathy (SRM), which includes rhabdomyolysis, is an uncommon but important adverse drug reaction because the number of people prescribed statins worldwide is large. Previous association studies of common genetic variants have had limited success in identifying a genetic basis for this adverse drug reaction. We conducted a multi-site whole-exome sequencing study to investigate whether rare coding variants confer an increased risk of SRM. Methods and results SRM 3-5 cases (N = 505) and statin treatment-tolerant controls (N = 2047) were recruited from multiple sites in North America and Europe. SRM 3-5 was defined as symptoms consistent with muscle injury and an elevated creatine phosphokinase level >4 times upper limit of normal without another likely cause of muscle injury. Whole-exome sequencing and variant calling was coordinated from two analysis centres, and results of single-variant and gene-based burden tests were meta-analysed. No genome-wide significant associations were identified. Given the large number of cases, we had 80% power to identify a variant with minor allele frequency of 0.01 that increases the risk of SRM 6-fold at genome-wide significance. Conclusions In this large whole-exome sequencing study of severe statin-related muscle injury conducted to date, we did not find evidence that rare coding variants are responsible for this adverse drug reaction. Larger sample sizes would be required to identify rare variants with small effects, but it is unclear whether such findings would be clinically actionable.

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  • 43. Franks, P. W.
    et al.
    Melén, E.
    Friedman, M.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology. George Institute for Global Health.
    Kockum, I.
    Klareskog, L.
    Almqvist, C.
    Bergen, S. E.
    Czene, K.
    Hägg, S.
    Hall, P.
    Johnell, K.
    Mälarstig, Anders
    Karolinska institutet; Pfizer.
    Catrina, A.
    Hagström, H.
    Benson, M.
    Gustav Smith, J.
    Gomez, M. F.
    Orho-Melander, M.
    Jacobsson, B.
    Halfvarson, J.
    Repsilber, D.
    Oresic, M.
    Jern, C.
    Melin, B.
    Ohlsson, C.
    Fall, Tove
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular epidemiology.
    Rönnblom, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Nordmark, Gunnel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Johansson, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Rosenquist, R.
    Sullivan, P. F.
    Technological readiness and implementation of genomic-driven precision medicine for complex diseases2021In: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 290, no 3, p. 602-620Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The fields of human genetics and genomics have generated considerable knowledge about the mechanistic basis of many diseases. Genomic approaches to diagnosis, prognostication, prevention and treatment - genomic-driven precision medicine (GDPM) - may help optimize medical practice. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of GDPM of complex diseases across major medical specialties. We focus on technological readiness: how rapidly a test can be implemented into health care. Although these areas of medicine are diverse, key similarities exist across almost all areas. Many medical areas have, within their standards of care, at least one GDPM test for a genetic variant of strong effect that aids the identification/diagnosis of a more homogeneous subset within a larger disease group or identifies a subset with different therapeutic requirements. However, for almost all complex diseases, the majority of patients do not carry established single-gene mutations with large effects. Thus, research is underway that seeks to determine the polygenic basis of many complex diseases. Nevertheless, most complex diseases are caused by the interplay of genetic, behavioural and environmental risk factors, which will likely necessitate models for prediction and diagnosis that incorporate genetic and non-genetic data.

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  • 44.
    Fung, P. P. L.
    et al.
    UCL, Univ Coll London Hosp, Eastman Dent Inst & Hosp, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England..
    Bedogni, G.
    Liver Res Ctr, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Trieste, Italy..
    Bedogni, A.
    Univ Verona, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Verona, Italy.;Univ Padua, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Padua, Italy..
    Petrie, A.
    UCL, Univ Coll London Hosp, Eastman Dent Inst & Hosp, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England..
    Porter, S.
    UCL, Univ Coll London Hosp, Eastman Dent Inst & Hosp, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England..
    Campisi, G.
    Univ Palermo, Dip Discipline Chirurg Oncol & Stomatol, Palermo, Italy..
    Bagan, J.
    Univ Valencia, Univ Gen Hosp, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Oral Med, Valencia, Spain..
    Fusco, V.
    Osped SS Antonio & Biagio & C Arrigo, Med Oncol Unit, Dept Oncol & Haematol, Alessandria, Italy..
    Saia, G.
    Univ Padua, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Padua, Italy..
    Acham, S.
    Med Univ Graz, Dept Oral Surg & Orthodont, Univ Clin Dent Hlth & Oral Med, Graz, Austria..
    Musto, P.
    IRCCS, Sci Direct, Referral Canc Ctr Basilicata, Potenza, Italy..
    Petrucci, M. T.
    Sapienza Univ, Dept Cellular Biotechnol & Haematol, Rome, Italy..
    Diz, P.
    Santiago de Compostela Univ, Sch Med & Dent, Santiago, Spain..
    Colella, G.
    Univ Naples 2, Dept Med Surg & Dent Specialties, Naples, Italy..
    Mignogna, M. D.
    Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Neurosci Reprod & Odontostomatol Sci, Head & Neck Clin Sect, Naples, Italy..
    Pentenero, M.
    Univ Turin, Oral Med & Oral Oncol Unit, Dept Oncol, Turin, Italy..
    Arduino, P.
    Univ Turin, CIR Dent Sch, Turin, Italy..
    Lodi, G.
    Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Biomed Chirurg & Odontoiatr, Milan, Italy..
    Maiorana, C.
    Univ Milan, Fdn IRCCS Policlin Ca Granda, Dipartimento Sci Biomed Chirurg & Odontoiatr, Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy..
    Manfredi, M.
    Parma Univ, Dipartimento Sci Biomed Biotecnol & Translaz S Bi, Unit Odontostomatol, Parma, Italy..
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Takaoka, K.
    Hyogo Coll Med, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan..
    Leung, Y. Y.
    Univ Hong Kong, Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Fac Dent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Bonacina, R.
    Osped Papa Giovanni XXIII, Dept Dent, Bergamo, Italy..
    Schiodt, M.
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Lakatos, P.
    Semmelweis Univ, Dept Med 1, Sch Med, Budapest, Hungary..
    Taylor, T.
    Kings Coll Hosp London, Dept Oral Surg, London, England..
    De Riu, G.
    Univ Hosp Sassari, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Sassari, Italy..
    Favini, G.
    San Francesco Hosp, Dept Dent, Nuoro, Italy..
    Rogers, S. N.
    Aintree Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Pirmohamed, M.
    Univ Liverpool, Inst Translat Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Nicoletti, P.
    Columbia Univ, Dept Syst Biol, New York, NY USA..
    Fedele, S.
    UCL, Univ Coll London Hosp, Eastman Dent Inst & Hosp, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England.;NIHR Univ Coll London Hosp, Biomed Res Ctr, London, England..
    Time to onset of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a multicentre retrospective cohort study2017In: Oral Diseases, ISSN 1354-523X, E-ISSN 1601-0825, Vol. 23, no 4, p. 477-483Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a potentially severe adverse effect of bisphosphonates (BP). Although the risk of ONJ increases with increasing duration of BP treatment, there are currently no reliable estimates of the ONJ time to onset (TTO). The objective of this study was to estimate the TTO and associated risk factors in BP-treated patients.

    Subjects and Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from 22 secondary care centres in seven countries relevant to 349 patients who developed BP-related ONJ between 2004 and 2012.

    Results: The median (95%CI) TTO was 6.0 years in patients treated with alendronate (n=88) and 2.2years in those treated with zoledronate (n=218). Multivariable Cox regression showed that dentoalveolar surgery was inversely associated, and the use of antiangiogenics directly associated, with the TTO in patients with cancer treated with zoledronate.

    Conclusions: The incidence of ONJ increases with the duration of BP therapy, with notable differences observed with respect to BP type and potency, route of administration and underlying disease. When data are stratified by BP type, a time of 6.0 and 2.2years of oral alendronate and intravenous zoledronate therapy, respectively, is required for 50% of patients to develop ONJ. After stratification by disease, a time of 5.3 and 2.2years of BP therapy is required for 50% of patients with osteoporosis and cancer, respectively, to develop ONJ. These findings have significant implications for the design of future clinical studies and the development of risk-reduction strategies aimed at either assessing or modulating the risk of ONJ associated with BP.

  • 45. Gamazon, E. R.
    et al.
    Daneshjou, R.
    Cavallari, L. H.
    Limdi, N. A.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Johnson, J. A.
    Klein, T. E.
    Scott, S.
    Tsunoda, T.
    Deloukas, P.
    Altman, R.
    Cox, N.
    Perera, M. A.
    Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Stable Warfarin Dose Identifies Novel Associations: Finding Signal within the Noise2013In: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN 0009-9236, E-ISSN 1532-6535, Vol. 93, no S1, p. S27-S27Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Garwicz, Daniel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Farmakogenetisk analys kan avslöja risk för statinbiverkningar: [Pharmacogenetic analysis can predict adverse effects of statins]2013In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 110, no 19-20, p. 951-952Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Mer än var tionde vuxen i Sverige behandlas med statiner. 

    Muskelsvaghet, -trötthet och -värk är kända biverkningar. I sällsynta fall ses rabdomyolys, som kan leda till akut njursvikt och någon gång dödsfall. 

    Statiners kemiska egenskaper och serumkoncentration påverkar risken för allvarliga biverkningar. Serumkoncentrationen beror på dos och på patientens förmåga att omsätta läkemedlet.

    Akademiska sjukhuset har som första svenska sjukhus infört analys av en genetisk variant (SLCO1B1*5) som kan förutsäga ökad risk för sällsynta, allvarliga muskelbiverkningar vid statinbehandling.

  • 47.
    Ghouse, Jonas
    et al.
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 9312,Juliane Maries Vej 20, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Copenhagen, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Biomed Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Ahlberg, Gustav
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 9312,Juliane Maries Vej 20, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Copenhagen, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Biomed Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Andreasen, Laura
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 9312,Juliane Maries Vej 20, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Copenhagen, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Biomed Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Banasi, Karina
    Univ Copenhagen, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Prot Res, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Translat Dis Syst Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Brunak, Soren
    Univ Copenhagen, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Prot Res, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Translat Dis Syst Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Schwinn, Michael
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Immunol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Larsen, Ina Holst
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Immunol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Petersen, Oscar
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Immunol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Sorensen, Erik
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Immunol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Ullum, Henrik
    Statens Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Rasmussen, Eva Rye
    Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg & Audiol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Bundgaard, Henning
    Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Olesen, Morten S.
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 9312,Juliane Maries Vej 20, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Copenhagen, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Biomed Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Association of Variants Near the Bradykinin Receptor B2 Gene With Angioedema in Patients Taking ACE Inhibitors2021In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology, ISSN 0735-1097, E-ISSN 1558-3597, Vol. 78, no 7, p. 696-709Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND Angioedema is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse reaction associated with angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Identification of potential genetic factors related to this adverse event may help identify at-risk patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify genetic factors associated with ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema. METHODS A genomewide association study involving patients of European descent, all taking ACE inhibitors, was conducted in a discovery cohort (Copenhagen Hospital Biobank), and associations were confirmed in a replication cohort (Swedegene). Cases were defined as subjects with angioedema events and filled prescriptions for ACE inhibitors #180 days before the events. Control subjects were defined as those with continuous treatment with ACE inhibitors without any history of angioedema. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for angioedema risk using logistic mixed model regression analysis. Summary statistics from the discovery and replication cohorts were analyzed using a fixed-effects meta-analysis model. RESULTS The discovery cohort consisted of 462 cases and 53,391 ACE inhibitor-treated control subjects. The replication cohort consisted of 142 cases and 1,345 ACE inhibitor-treated control subjects. In the discovery cohort, 1 locus, residing at chromosome 14q32.2, was identified that associated with angioedema at the genomewide significance level of P <5 x 10-8. The lead variant at this locus, rs34485356, is an intergenic variant located 60 kb upstream of BDKRB2 (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.38 to 1.90; P = 4.3 x 10-9). This variant was validated in our replication cohort with a similar direction and effect size (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.25; P = 7.2 x 10-3). We found that carriers of the risk allele had significantly lower systolic (-0.46 mm Hg per T allele; 95% CI:-0.83 to-0.10; P = 0.013) and diastolic (-0.26 mm Hg per T allele; 95% CI:-0.46 to-0.05; P = 0.013) blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS In this genomewide association study involving individuals treated with ACE inhibitors, we found that common variants located in close proximity to the bradykinin receptor B2 gene were associated with increased risk for ACE inhibitor-related angioedema. 

  • 48.
    Giandomenico, V
    et al.
    IRCCS, Ist Sci Romagnolo Studio & Cura Tumori IRST, Meldola, FC, Italy..
    Li, Su-Chen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Tumor Biology.
    Lind, Thomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Boccherini, M.
    IRCCS, Ist Sci Romagnolo Studio & Cura Tumori IRST, Meldola, FC, Italy..
    Skogseid, Britt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Tumor Biology.
    Eriksson, Barbro
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Tumor Biology. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Öberg, Kjell
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Endocrine Tumor Biology. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Essand, Magnus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology.
    Paganelli, G.
    IRCCS, Ist Sci Romagnolo Studio & Cura Tumori IRST, Meldola, FC, Italy..
    miR-196a Is Specifically Regulated in FDG-PET Positive and Negative Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients at Late Stage of Disease2016In: Neuroendocrinology, ISSN 0028-3835, E-ISSN 1423-0194, Vol. 103, p. 115-115Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Gillespie, Ulrika
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Alassaad, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hammarlund-Udenaes, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Morlin, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Henrohn, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Bertilsson, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Effects of Pharmacists' Interventions on Appropriateness of Prescribing and Evaluation of the Instruments' (MAI, STOPP and STARTs') Ability to Predict Hospitalization-Analyses from a Randomized Controlled Trial2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 5, p. e62401-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Appropriateness of prescribing can be assessed by various measures and screening instruments. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of pharmacists' interventions on appropriateness of prescribing in elderly patients, and to explore the relationship between these results and hospital care utilization during a 12-month follow-up period. Methods: The study population from a previous randomized controlled study, in which the effects of a comprehensive pharmacist intervention on re-hospitalization was investigated, was used. The criteria from the instruments MAI, STOPP and START were applied retrospectively to the 368 study patients (intervention group (I) n = 182, control group (C) n = 186). The assessments were done on admission and at discharge to detect differences over time and between the groups. Hospital care consumption was recorded and the association between scores for appropriateness, and hospitalization was analysed. Results: The number of Potentially Inappropriate Medicines (PIMs) per patient as identified by STOPP was reduced for I but not for C (1.42 to 0.93 vs. 1.46 to 1.66 respectively, p<0.01). The number of Potential Prescription Omissions (PPOs) per patient as identified by START was reduced for I but not for C (0.36 to 0.09 vs. 0.42 to 0.45 respectively, p<0.001). The summated score for MAI was reduced for I but not for C (8.5 to 5.0 and 8.7 to 10.0 respectively, p<0.001). There was a positive association between scores for MAI and STOPP and drug-related readmissions (RR 8-9% and 30-34% respectively). No association was detected between the scores of the tools and total re-visits to hospital. Conclusion: The interventions significantly improved the appropriateness of prescribing for patients in the intervention group as evaluated by the instruments MAI, STOPP and START. High scores in MAI and STOPP were associated with a higher number of drug-related readmissions.

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  • 50.
    Gillespie, Ulrika
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Alassaad, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Mörlin, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Henrohn, Dan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Bertilsson, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Hammarlund-Udenaes, Margareta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Effects of pharmacists’ interventions on appropriateness of prescribing for elderly and exploration of a possible correlation between scores for appropriateness and clinical outcomes: analyses from a randomized controlled trialManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Inappropriate prescribing can cause substantial morbidity and represents a clinical and economic burden for patients and society. Appropriateness of prescribing can be assessed by various measures and screening tools, however, for a tool to be valid there should be casual links to important clinical health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a pharmacist intervention on appropriateness of prescribing, and to explore the relationship between these results and clinical health outcomes defined as re-visits to hospital.

    Methods:

    The study population from a previous randomized controlled study, in which the effects of a comprehensive pharmacist intervention on re-hospitalisation was investigated, was used. The criteria from the validated instruments STOPP, START and MAI were applied retrospectively to the study patients (368 patients; intervention group n=182, control group n=186). The quality assessments were done on admission and at discharge to detect differences over time between the control- and the intervention group. Hospital care consumption one year after admission was recorded and the correlation between scores for appropriateness, as well as number of drugs at discharge, and hospital visits was analysed.

    Results:

    The number of Potentially Inappropriate Medicines (PIMs) per patient as identified by STOPP was reduced for the intervention group but not for the control group (1.42 and 0.93 vs. 1.46 and 1.66 respectively, p<0.01) The number of Potential Prescription Omissions (PPOs) per patient as identified by START was reduced for the intervention group but not for the control group (0.36 and 0.09 vs. 0.42 and 0.45 respectively, p<0.001). The summated score for MAI was reduced for the intervention group but not for the control group (8.5 to 5.0 and 8.7 to 10.0 respectively, p< 0.001). There was no correlation between the scores of the tools and total visits to hospital. Number of drugs (unadjusted) correlated with visits to hospital and the rate ratio was 4%. For readmissions to hospital, MAI (unadjusted) and the number of drugs showed a positive correlation. There was a correlation between MAI and STOPP and drug-related readmissions (RR 8-9% and 30-34% respectively).

    Conclusion:

    The addition of a comprehensive pharmacist service to standard care significantly improved the appropriateness of prescribing for patients in the intervention group that participated in the randomized controlled trial, as evaluated by all three instruments used; STOPP, START and MAI. However, the results on correlation between the tools and re-visits to hospital were inconclusive.

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