This dissertation, by presenting comprehensive analyses of six poems by the Hungarian poet Sándor Weöres, investigates the poetical forms and the poetical philosophies in these texts. The poems represent specific philosophic spheres of Weöres' poetry. The analyses emerge from the formal elements, and aim to shed light upon the structural coherences between the texts and their philosophical contexts. This method of analysis also complies with Weöres' views on the aesthetics of poetics and his method of writing, where form and structure always played an outstandingly important role. The complex methods used in the analyses are very much influenced by the views and methods of a text stylistics that looks at the literary work as a global entity. Taken together, these analyses illustrate the focal points of a remarkable poetical form and a most profound philosophical context in the poems of an outstanding Hungarian poet.
Dissertation written in Swedish
The Finno-Ugric Language Mari is considered to be among the most turkicized of the Finno-Ugric languages. The impact of the two Turkic languages Tatar and Chuvash on Mari is considerable and concerns every part of the Mari language system: lexicon, phonology, morphology and syntax. The factors underlying this impact are both social and structural. Among the social factors are the cultural, political and numerical dominance relations between the Mari and the Turkic peoples that have led to complex language-contact situations. Especially important has been the emergence of considerable groups of bilinguals among the Mari and areas in which both Mari and Turkic languages are spoken. Among the structural factors of importance is the typological relatedness of Mari and the Turkic languages, which has further increased the Turkic impact on Mari. In this thesis, some aspects of this complex language-contact situation are investigated. Social and structural factors underlying the Turkic influence on Mari are of importance for understanding the outcome of the Tatar and Chuvash impact on Mari. The Turkic elements in Mari are analyzed as code-copies, elements of another linguistic code copied into Mari. Since copies can establish themselves as parts of the language they are copied into, the thesis furthermore aims to show the extent to which the copies of Tatar and Chuvash models in Mari can be analyzed as habitualized or conventionalized.