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  • 1. Abrahamson, Alexandra
    et al.
    Andersson, Carin
    Jönsson, Maria E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Fogelberg, Oscar
    Orberg, Jan
    Brunstrom, Bjorn
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Gill EROD in monitoring of CYP1A inducers in fish - A study in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) caged in Stockholm and Uppsala waters2007In: Aquatic Toxicology, ISSN 0166-445X, E-ISSN 1879-1514, Vol. 85, no 1, p. 1-8Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2. Agerstrand, Marlene
    et al.
    Berg, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Bjorlenius, Berndt
    Breitholtz, Magnus
    Brunström, Björn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Fick, Jerker
    Gunnarsson, Lina
    Larsson, D. G. Joakim
    Sumpter, John P.
    Tysklind, Mats
    Ruden, Christina
    Improving Environmental Risk Assessment of Human Pharmaceuticals2015In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 49, no 9, p. 5336-5345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents 10 recommendations for improving the European Medicines Agency's guidance for environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceutical products. The recommendations are based on up-to-date, available science in combination with experiences from other chemical frameworks such as the REACH-legislation for industrial chemicals. The recommendations concern: expanding the scope of the current guideline; requirements to assess the risk for development of antibiotic resistance; jointly performed assessments; refinement of the test proposal; mixture toxicity assessments on active pharmaceutical ingredients with similar modes of action; use of all available ecotoxicity studies; mandatory reviews; increased transparency; inclusion of emission data from production; and a risk management option. We believe that implementation of our recommendations would strengthen the protection of the environment and be beneficial to society. Legislation and guidance documents need to be updated at regular intervals in order to incorporate new knowledge from the scientific community. This is particularly important for regulatory documents concerning pharmaceuticals in the environment since this is a research field that has been growing substantially in the last decades.

  • 3.
    Agrillo, Caroline
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Biology Education Centre.
    DNA methylation modifications in human mesenchymal stem cells  induced by exposure to endocrine disrupting plasticiser metabolites MBP, MEP, MBzP, MEHP and MINCH2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 80 credits / 120 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances which can modify the function of the endocrine system and lead to adverse health effects. Humans experience daily uncontrolled exposure to EDC mixtures. Predicting mixture effects is complicated since the chemicals may produce different effects when combined together. EDCs may produce epigenetic effects such as alterations of the DNA methylation, which could modify the expression of the gene. Previously, 14 chemicals linked to metabolism (mixture G1) were reported to induce DNA methylation changes in an in vitro model. Mixture G1 were based on a Swedish longitudinal study which had identified the chemical burden of >2300 pregnant women. This project aimed to study single chemical driver effects of five individual chemicals from mixture G1, namely the four phthalate metabolites monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobenzyl pthtalate (MBzP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and the non-phthalate plasticiser Bis(7-methyloctyl) Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) metabolite 2-4-methyl-7-oxyoctyl-oxycarbonyl-cyclohexane carboxylic acid (MINCH). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were exposed to the five compounds individually at the same concentrations as in mixture G1. After exposure, DNA methylation changes in four CpG sites within PGM1, MYOF and HCFC1 genes were analysed. While som chemicals did not show statistically significant effects, one chemical showed significant effects and thus could be a potential driver. The discrepancy between the observed DNA methylation alterations in the analysed genes and the alterations in mixture G1 highlights the need for comparing mixture to single chemical effects to identify drivers within mixes and for increased understanding of mixture effects.

    The full text will be freely available from 2026-01-01 15:14
  • 4.
    Alcolombri, Uria
    et al.
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Peaudecerf, Francois J.
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Fernandez, Vicente I.
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Behrendt, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Lee, Kang Soo
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Stocker, Roman
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Sinking enhances the degradation of organic particles by marine bacteria2021In: Nature Geoscience, ISSN 1752-0894, E-ISSN 1752-0908, Vol. 14, no 10, p. 775-780Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The sinking of organic particles in the ocean and their degradation by marine microorganisms is one of the main drivers of the biological pump. Yet, the mechanisms determining the magnitude of the pump remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to predict this carbon flux in future ocean scenarios. Current ocean models assume that the biological pump is governed by the competition between sinking speed and degradation rate, with the two processes independent from one another. Contrary to this paradigm, we show that sinking itself is a primary determinant of the rate at which bacteria degrade particles. Heterotrophic bacterial degradation rates were obtained from a laboratory study on model surface-colonized particles at atmospheric pressure under a range of flow speeds to mimic different sinking velocities. We find that even modest sinking speeds of 8 m day−1 enhance degradation rates more than 10-fold compared with degradation rates of non-sinking particles. We discovered that the molecular mechanism underlying this sinking-enhanced degradation is the flow-induced removal from the particles of the oligomeric breakdown products, which otherwise compete for enzymatic activity. This mechanism applies across several substrates and bacterial strains, suggesting its potentially broad occurrence under natural marine conditions. Integrating our findings into a mathematical model of particulate carbon flux, we propose that the coupling of sinking and degradation may contribute, in conjunction with other processes, to determining the magnitude of the vertical carbon flux in the ocean.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Cellular transport and secretion of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin BMAA into milk and egg: Implications for developmental neurotoxicity2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The cyanobacterial amino acid β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a neurotoxin implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Cyanobacteria are cosmopolitan organisms present in various environments. BMAA can cause long-term neurodegenerative alterations in rats exposed during the neonatal period, a period that corresponds to the last trimester and the first few years of life in humans. As BMAA has been reported to be bioaccumulated in the aquatic food chain and detected in mussels, crayfish and fish used for human consumption, the main aim of this thesis has been to investigate the final step in the mammalian food-chain, i.e. the transfer of BMAA into breast milk.

    Autoradiographic imaging and mass spectrometry analysis showed an enantiomer-selective uptake of BMAA and that the neurotoxin was transferred from lactating mice and rat, via the milk, to the brain of the nursed pups. The results show that transport of BMAA may be disproportional to dose. In addition, BMAA was found present both as free amino acid and tightly associated to proteins in rat brains. Surprisingly, however, no association to milk proteins was found. In vitro studies of murine (HC11) and human (MCF7) mammary epithelial cells suggest that BMAA can pass the human mammary epithelium into milk. Additional transport studies on human intestinal, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells showed that L-BMAA was consistently favored over D-BMAA and that the transport was mediated by several amino acid transporters. We also demonstrated that egg-laying quail transfer BMAA to its offspring by deposition in the eggs, particularly in the yolk but also in the albumen. Furthermore, comparative analysis of carboxyl- and methyl-labeled [14C]-BMAA suggested that BMAA was not metabolized to a large degree.

    Altogether, the results indicate that BMAA can be transferred from mothers, via the milk, to the brain of nursed human infants. Determinations of BMAA in mothers’ milk and cows’ milk are therefore warranted. We also propose that birds’ eggs could be an additional source of BMAA exposure in humans. It might therefore be of concern that mussels are increasingly used as feed in commercial egg production.

    List of papers
    1. Maternal Transfer of the Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin beta-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) via Milk to Suckling Offspring
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Maternal Transfer of the Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin beta-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) via Milk to Suckling Offspring
    Show others...
    2013 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 10, p. e78133-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The cyanobacterial neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease and proposed to be biomagnified in terrestrial and aquatic food chains. We have previously shown that the neonatal period in rats, which in humans corresponds to the last trimester of pregnancy and the first few years of age, is a particularly sensitive period for exposure to BMAA. The present study aimed to examine the secretion of C-14-labeled L-and D-BMAA into milk in lactating mice and the subsequent transfer of BMAA into the developing brain. The results suggest that secretion into milk is an important elimination pathway of BMAA in lactating mothers and an efficient exposure route predominantly for L-BMAA but also for D-BMAA in suckling mice. Following secretion of [C-14] L-BMAA into milk, the levels of [C-14] L-BMAA in the brains of the suckling neonatal mice significantly exceeded the levels in the maternal brains. In vitro studies using the mouse mammary epithelial HC11 cell line confirmed a more efficient influx and efflux of L-BMAA than of D-BMAA in cells, suggesting enantiomer-selective transport. Competition experiments with other amino acids and a low sodium dependency of the influx suggests that the amino acid transporters LAT1 and LAT2 are involved in the transport of L-BMAA into milk. Given the persistent neurodevelopmental toxicity following injection of L-BMAA to neonatal rodent pups, the current results highlight the need to determine whether BMAA is enriched mother's and cow's milk.

    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-211448 (URN)10.1371/journal.pone.0078133 (DOI)000326037000089 ()
    Available from: 2013-11-27 Created: 2013-11-25 Last updated: 2021-06-14Bibliographically approved
    2. Transfer of developmental neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) via milk to nursed offspring: Studies by mass spectrometry and image analysis
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transfer of developmental neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) via milk to nursed offspring: Studies by mass spectrometry and image analysis
    2016 (English)In: Toxicology Letters, ISSN 0378-4274, E-ISSN 1879-3169, Vol. 258, p. 108-114Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The cyanobacterial non-proteinogenic amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is proposed to be involved in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex. When administered as single doses to neonatal rats, BMAA gives rise to cognitive and neurodegenerative impairments in the adult animal. Here, we employed mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and autoradiographic imaging to examine the mother-to-pup transfer of BMAA in rats. The results show that unchanged BMAA was secreted into the milk and distributed to the suckling pups. The concentration of BMAA in pup stomach milk and the neonatal liver peaked after 8 h, while the concentration in the pup brain increased throughout the study period. About 1 and 6% of the BMAA recovered from adult liver and brain were released following hydrolysis, suggesting that this fraction was associated with protein. No association to milk protein was observed. Injection of rat pups with [methyl-C-14]-L-BMAA or [carboxyl-C-14]-L-BMAA resulted in highly similar distribution patterns, indicating no or low metabolic elimination of the methylamino- or carboxyl groups. In conclusion, BMAA is transported as a free amino acid to rat milk and suckling pups. The results strengthen the proposal that mothers' milk could be a source of exposure for BMAA in human infants. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

    Keywords
    BMAA; Cyanobacterial neurotoxin, kinetics; Milk secretion; Developmental neurotoxicity; Mother-to-offspring transfer
    National Category
    Developmental Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265847 (URN)10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.015 (DOI)000381648300012 ()27320960 (PubMedID)
    Projects
    Milk, secretion, BMAA, beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, autoradiography, mass spectrometry
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council Formas
    Available from: 2015-11-03 Created: 2015-11-03 Last updated: 2017-05-12Bibliographically approved
    3. Potential transfer of neurotoxic amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) from mother to infant during breast-feeding: Predictions from human cell lines
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Potential transfer of neurotoxic amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) from mother to infant during breast-feeding: Predictions from human cell lines
    2017 (English)In: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, ISSN 0041-008X, E-ISSN 1096-0333, Vol. 320, p. 40-50Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    β-N-methylamino-alanine (BMAA) is a non-protein amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates. BMAA has potential to biomagnify in a terrestrial food chain, and to bioaccumulate in fish and shellfish. We have reported that administration of [14C]l-BMAA to lactating mice and rats results in a mother to off-spring transfer via the milk. A preferential enantiomer-specific uptake of [14C]l-BMAA has also been demonstrated in differentiated murine mammary epithelium HC11 cells. These findings, together with neurotoxic effects of BMAA demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, highlight the need to determine whether such transfer could also occur in humans. Here, we used four cell lines of human origin to examine and compare the transport of the two BMAA enantiomers in vitro. The uptake patterns of [14C]l- and [14C]d-BMAA in the human mammary MCF7 cell line were in agreement with the results in murine HC11 cells, suggesting a potential secretion of BMAA into human breast milk. The permeability coefficients for both [14C]l- and [14C]d-BMAA over monolayers of human intestinal Caco2 cells supported an efficient absorption from the human intestine. As a final step, transport experiments confirmed that [14C]l-and [14C]d-BMAA can be taken up by human SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells and even more efficiently by human U343 glioblastoma cells. In competition experiments with various amino acids, the ASCT2 specific inhibitor benzylserine was the most effective inhibitor of [14C]l-BMAA uptake tested here. Altogether, our results suggest that BMAA can be transferred from an exposed mother, via the milk, to the brain of the nursed infant.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2017
    Keywords
    BMAA, Cellular transport, Amino acid transporters, Breast milk, Neurodegeneration
    National Category
    Cell Biology Developmental Biology
    Research subject
    Biology with specialization in Environmental Toxicology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265857 (URN)10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.004 (DOI)000396798200006 ()28174119 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council Formas
    Available from: 2015-11-03 Created: 2015-11-03 Last updated: 2019-12-19Bibliographically approved
    4. Protein association of the neurotoxin and non-protein amino acid BMAA (beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine) in the liver and brain following neonatal administration in rats
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Protein association of the neurotoxin and non-protein amino acid BMAA (beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine) in the liver and brain following neonatal administration in rats
    Show others...
    2014 (English)In: Toxicology Letters, ISSN 0378-4274, E-ISSN 1879-3169, Vol. 226, no 1, p. 1-5Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The environmental neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is not an amino acid that is normally found in proteins. Our previous autoradiographic study of H-3-labeled BMAA in adult mice unexpectedly revealed a tissue distribution similar to that of protein amino acids. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of free and protein-bound BMAA in neonatal rat tissues following a short exposure using autoradiographic imaging and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The autoradiographic imaging of C-14-L-BMAA demonstrated a distinct uptake of radioactivity that was retained following acid extraction in tissues with a high rate of cell turnover and/or protein synthesis. The UHPLC-MS/MS analysis conclusively demonstrated a dose-dependent increase of protein-associated BMAA in neonatal rat tissues. The level of protein-associated BMAA in the liver was more than 10 times higher than that in brain regions not fully protected by the blood-brain barrier which may be due to the higher rate of protein synthesis in the liver. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that BMAA was associated with rat proteins suggesting that BMAA may be mis-incorporated into proteins. However, protein-associated BMAA seemed to be cleared over time, as none of the samples from adult rats had any detectable free or protein-associated BMAA.

    Keywords
    ALS/PDC, Cyanobacteria, Autoradiography, Mass spectrometry, Misincorporation, N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-222718 (URN)10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.027 (DOI)000332409000001 ()24472610 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council Formas
    Available from: 2014-04-17 Created: 2014-04-14 Last updated: 2017-06-30Bibliographically approved
    5. Deposition of cyanobacterial neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (L-BMAA) in birds' egg: A potential source of BMAA exposure in humans
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Deposition of cyanobacterial neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (L-BMAA) in birds' egg: A potential source of BMAA exposure in humans
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Keywords
    BMAA, beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, quail, metabolism, autoradiography
    National Category
    Developmental Biology
    Research subject
    Biology with specialization in Environmental Toxicology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265859 (URN)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council Formas
    Available from: 2015-11-03 Created: 2015-11-03 Last updated: 2016-01-13
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
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    presentationsbild
  • 6.
    Andersson, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Ersson, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Bergström, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Potential transfer of neurotoxic amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) from mother to infant during breast-feeding: Predictions from human cell lines2017In: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, ISSN 0041-008X, E-ISSN 1096-0333, Vol. 320, p. 40-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    β-N-methylamino-alanine (BMAA) is a non-protein amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates. BMAA has potential to biomagnify in a terrestrial food chain, and to bioaccumulate in fish and shellfish. We have reported that administration of [14C]l-BMAA to lactating mice and rats results in a mother to off-spring transfer via the milk. A preferential enantiomer-specific uptake of [14C]l-BMAA has also been demonstrated in differentiated murine mammary epithelium HC11 cells. These findings, together with neurotoxic effects of BMAA demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, highlight the need to determine whether such transfer could also occur in humans. Here, we used four cell lines of human origin to examine and compare the transport of the two BMAA enantiomers in vitro. The uptake patterns of [14C]l- and [14C]d-BMAA in the human mammary MCF7 cell line were in agreement with the results in murine HC11 cells, suggesting a potential secretion of BMAA into human breast milk. The permeability coefficients for both [14C]l- and [14C]d-BMAA over monolayers of human intestinal Caco2 cells supported an efficient absorption from the human intestine. As a final step, transport experiments confirmed that [14C]l-and [14C]d-BMAA can be taken up by human SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells and even more efficiently by human U343 glioblastoma cells. In competition experiments with various amino acids, the ASCT2 specific inhibitor benzylserine was the most effective inhibitor of [14C]l-BMAA uptake tested here. Altogether, our results suggest that BMAA can be transferred from an exposed mother, via the milk, to the brain of the nursed infant.

  • 7.
    Andersson, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Karlsson, Oskar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Ctr Mol Med, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Banack, Sandra
    Inst Ethnomed, POB 3464, Jackson, WY 83001 USA.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Transfer of developmental neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) via milk to nursed offspring: Studies by mass spectrometry and image analysis2016In: Toxicology Letters, ISSN 0378-4274, E-ISSN 1879-3169, Vol. 258, p. 108-114Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The cyanobacterial non-proteinogenic amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is proposed to be involved in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex. When administered as single doses to neonatal rats, BMAA gives rise to cognitive and neurodegenerative impairments in the adult animal. Here, we employed mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and autoradiographic imaging to examine the mother-to-pup transfer of BMAA in rats. The results show that unchanged BMAA was secreted into the milk and distributed to the suckling pups. The concentration of BMAA in pup stomach milk and the neonatal liver peaked after 8 h, while the concentration in the pup brain increased throughout the study period. About 1 and 6% of the BMAA recovered from adult liver and brain were released following hydrolysis, suggesting that this fraction was associated with protein. No association to milk protein was observed. Injection of rat pups with [methyl-C-14]-L-BMAA or [carboxyl-C-14]-L-BMAA resulted in highly similar distribution patterns, indicating no or low metabolic elimination of the methylamino- or carboxyl groups. In conclusion, BMAA is transported as a free amino acid to rat milk and suckling pups. The results strengthen the proposal that mothers' milk could be a source of exposure for BMAA in human infants. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 8.
    Andersson, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Karlsson, Oskar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy.
    Bergström, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Brittebo, Eva B.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Correction: Maternal Transfer of the Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) via Milk to Suckling Offspring2015In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 10, article id e78133Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Andersson, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Karlsson, Oskar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Bergström, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Brittebo, Eva B.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Maternal Transfer of the Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin beta-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) via Milk to Suckling Offspring2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 10, p. e78133-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The cyanobacterial neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative disease and proposed to be biomagnified in terrestrial and aquatic food chains. We have previously shown that the neonatal period in rats, which in humans corresponds to the last trimester of pregnancy and the first few years of age, is a particularly sensitive period for exposure to BMAA. The present study aimed to examine the secretion of C-14-labeled L-and D-BMAA into milk in lactating mice and the subsequent transfer of BMAA into the developing brain. The results suggest that secretion into milk is an important elimination pathway of BMAA in lactating mothers and an efficient exposure route predominantly for L-BMAA but also for D-BMAA in suckling mice. Following secretion of [C-14] L-BMAA into milk, the levels of [C-14] L-BMAA in the brains of the suckling neonatal mice significantly exceeded the levels in the maternal brains. In vitro studies using the mouse mammary epithelial HC11 cell line confirmed a more efficient influx and efflux of L-BMAA than of D-BMAA in cells, suggesting enantiomer-selective transport. Competition experiments with other amino acids and a low sodium dependency of the influx suggests that the amino acid transporters LAT1 and LAT2 are involved in the transport of L-BMAA into milk. Given the persistent neurodevelopmental toxicity following injection of L-BMAA to neonatal rodent pups, the current results highlight the need to determine whether BMAA is enriched mother's and cow's milk.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Andersson, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Karlsson, Oskar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Deposition of cyanobacterial neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (L-BMAA) in birds' egg: A potential source of BMAA exposure in humansManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Andersson, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Karlsson, Oskar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    The environmental neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (l-BMAA) is deposited into birds' eggs2018In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, ISSN 0147-6513, E-ISSN 1090-2414, Vol. 147, p. 720-724Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    C-carboxyl-labeled BMAA were compared. The results revealed a pronounced incorporation of radioactivity in the eggs, predominantly in the yolk but also in the albumen. Imaging analysis showed that the concentrations of radioactivity in the liver decreased about seven times between the 24h and the 72h time points, while the concentrations in egg yolk remained largely unchanged. At 72h the egg yolk contained about five times the concentration of radioactivity in the liver. Both BMAA preparations gave rise to similar distribution pattern in the bird tissues and in the eggs, indicating metabolic stability of the labeled groups. The demonstrated deposition into eggs warrants studies of BMAAs effects on bird development. Moreover, birds' eggs may be a source of human BMAA exposure, provided that the laying birds are exposed to BMAA via their diet.

  • 12.
    Andersson, Martin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Johansson, Sofia
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    Bergman, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Xiao, Linhong
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Behrendt, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Tenje, Maria
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
    A microscopy-compatible temperature regulation system for single-cell phenotype analysis - demonstrated by thermoresponse mapping of microalgae2021In: Lab on a Chip, ISSN 1473-0197, E-ISSN 1473-0189, Vol. 21, no 9, p. 1694-1705Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work describes a programmable heat-stage compatible with in situ microscopy for the accurate provision of spatiotemporally defined temperatures to different microfluidic devices. The heat-stage comprises an array of integrated thin-film Joule heaters and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). External programming of the heat-stage is provided by a custom software program connected to temperature controllers and heater–sensor pairs. Biologically relevant (20–40 °C) temperature profiles can be supplied to cells within microfluidic devices as spatial gradients (0.5–1.5 °C mm−1) or in a time-varying approach via e.g. step-wise or sinusoidally varying profiles with negligible temperature over-shoot. Demonstration of the device is achieved by exposing two strains of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium to different temperature profiles while monitoring their single-cell photophysiology via chlorophyll fluorometry. This revealed that photophysiological responses to temperature depended on the exposure duration, exposure magnitude and strain background. Moreover, thermal dose analysis suggested that cell acclimatisation occurs under longer temperature (6 h) exposures but not under shorter temperature exposures (15 min). As the thermal sensitivity of Symbiodinium mediates the thermal tolerance in corals, our versatile technology now provides unique possibilities to research this interdependency at single cell resolution. Our results also show the potential of this heat-stage for further applications in fields such as biotechnology and ecotoxicology.

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  • 13.
    Attoff, Kristina
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Johansson, Ylva
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cediel-Ulloa, Andrea
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Karolinska Inst, Unit Toxicol Sci, Swedish Toxicol Sci Res Ctr Swetox, Sodertalje, Sweden.
    Lundqvist, Jessica
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Gupta, Rajinder
    Maastricht Univ, Sch Oncol & Dev Biol GROW, Dept Toxicogen, Maastricht, Netherlands..
    Caiment, Florian
    Maastricht Univ, Sch Oncol & Dev Biol GROW, Dept Toxicogen, Maastricht, Netherlands..
    Gliga, Anda
    Karolinska Inst, Unit Toxicol Sci, Swedish Toxicol Sci Res Ctr Swetox, Sodertalje, Sweden..
    Forsby, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology. Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Acrylamide alters CREB and retinoic acid signalling pathways during differentiation of the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line2020In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 10, article id 16714Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Acrylamide (ACR) is a known neurotoxicant which crosses the blood-brain barrier, passes the placenta and has been detected in breast milk. Hence, early-life exposure to ACR could lead to developmental neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to elucidate if non-cytotoxic concentrations of ACR alter neuronal differentiation by studying gene expression of markers significant for neurodevelopment in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell model. Firstly, by using RNASeq we identified two relevant pathways that are activated during 9 days of retinoic acid (RA) induced differentiation i.e. RA receptor (RAR) activation and the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signalling pathways. Next, by qPCR we showed that 1 and 70 mu M ACR after 9 days exposure alter the expression of 13 out of 36 genes in the RAR activation pathway and 18 out of 47 in the CREB signalling pathway. Furthermore, the expression of established neuronal markers i.e. BDNF, STXBP2, STX3, TGFB1 and CHAT were down-regulated. Decreased protein expression of BDNF and altered ratio of phosphorylated CREB to total CREB were confirmed by western blot. Our results reveal that micromolar concentrations of ACR sustain proliferation, decrease neurite outgrowth and interfere with signalling pathways involved in neuronal differentiation in the SH-SY5Y cell model.

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  • 14.
    Awoga, Roseline Ayowumi
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Biology Education Centre. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Biology Education Centre (IBG).
    Optimization of an In-Vitro System for Testing Developmental Neurotoxicity Induced by Oestrogen, Androgen and Thyroid Disruption2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 40 credits / 60 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In recent times, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been associated with the rise in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and decreased intelligence quotient (IQ) in children. This effect is suspected to be induced at pre-/peri-natal development, via an alteration in hormonal signaling, thus interfering with neuronal differentiation, with subsequent effect on normal brain development and function in exposed children. This issue increases the need for chemical screening for potential developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) effect. The current available EDC induced DNT test guideline is based on in-vivo testing that requires animal use. Here, a multipotent neural progenitor cell line, the C17.2 cell-line, generated from neural stem cells of the external germinal layer of mouse cerebellum, with potential to differentiate to neurons or astrocytes, is introduced for in-vitro EDC induced DNT testing. This project focused on optimizing the C17.2 cell-line for the detection of EDC-induced DNT with emphasis on the disruption of the oestrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone systems. It aimed at validating the involvement of oestrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone on molecular and cellular endpoints relevant for the differentiation of the C17.2 cells.  Herein, the cells were exposed to the hormonal agonist and antagonist at a range of concentrations for a 10-day differentiation period. After exposure, LDH, viability assay and morphological changes (percentage of neurons in culture and neurite outgrowth) were evaluated. The results showed no morphological changes induced by androgen receptor (AR) agonist/antagonist at relevant physiological concentrations. The thyroid receptor (TR) agonist and antagonist on the other hand showed a response in the form of increased neurite outgrowth in relation to the negative control at a concentration range of 40-200 nM and 40 nM respectively. The oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist at 100 nM also increased percentage neuron in culture. Additionally, in-silico analysis of microarray and RNA sequencing data were used to map out target genes regulated by ER, AR and TR and involved in neurodevelopment. With this approach, 29 marker genes were identified. Validation of the marker genes by means of gene expression (qPCR) was carried out, ER and TR agonist/antagonist were observed to modulate the expression of examined genes. In summary, the model could not be established for detecting EDC induced DNT via androgenic and oestrogenic pathway, while it is a promising model for identifying DNT induced by thyroid hormone signalling disruption.

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  • 15. Bakshi, Mayur V
    et al.
    Barjaktarovic, Zarko
    Azimzadeh, Omid
    Kempf, Stefan J.
    Merl, Juliane
    Hauck, Stefanie M.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Atkinson, Michael J.
    Tapio, Soile
    Total body exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation induces long term alterations to the liver proteome of neonatally exposed mice2015In: Journal of Proteome Research, ISSN 1535-3893, E-ISSN 1535-3907, Vol. 14, no 1, p. 366-373Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tens of thousands of people are being exposed daily toenvironmental low-dose gamma radiation. Epidemiological data indicate thatsuch low radiation doses may negatively affect liver function and result in thedevelopment of liver disease. However, the biological mechanisms behindthese adverse effects are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigateradiation-induced damage in the liver after low radiation doses. Neonatal maleNMRI mice were exposed to total body irradiation on postnatal day 10 usingacute single doses ranging from 0.02 to 1.0 Gy. Early (1 day) and late (7months) changes in the liver proteome were tracked using isotope-codedprotein label technology and quantitative mass spectrometry. Our dataindicate that low and moderate radiation doses induce an immediateinhibition of the glycolysis pathway and pyruvate dehydrogenase availability inthe liver. Furthermore, they lead to significant long-term alterations in lipidmetabolism and increased liver inflammation accompanying inactivation of thetranscription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. This study contributes to the understanding of the potentialrisk of liver damage in populations environmentally exposed to ionizing radiation.

  • 16. Bakshi, Mayur V.
    et al.
    Barjaktarovic, Zarko
    Azimzadeh, Omid
    Kempf, Stefan J.
    Merl, Juliane
    Hauck, Stefanie M.
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Atkinson, Michael J.
    Tapio, Soile
    Long-term effects of acute low-dose ionizing radiation on the neonatal mouse heart: a proteomic study2013In: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, ISSN 0301-634X, E-ISSN 1432-2099, Vol. 52, no 4, p. 451-461Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Epidemiological studies establish that children and young adults are especially susceptible to radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD). The biological mechanisms behind the elevated CVD risk following exposure at young age remain unknown. The present study aims to elucidate the long-term effects of ionizing radiation by studying the murine cardiac proteome after exposure to low and moderate radiation doses. NMRI mice received single doses of total body Co-60 gamma-irradiation on postnatal day 10 and were sacrificed 7 months later. Changes in cardiac protein expression were quantified using isotope-coded protein label and tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 32, 31, 66, and 34 significantly deregulated proteins after doses of 0.02, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 Gy, respectively. The four doses shared 9 deregulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that most of the deregulated proteins belonged to a limited set of biological categories, including metabolic processes, inflammatory response, and cytoskeletal structure. The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha was predicted as a common upstream regulator of several deregulated proteins. This study indicates that both adaptive and maladaptive responses to the initial radiation damage persist well into adulthood. It will contribute to the understanding of the long-term consequences of radiation-induced injury and developmental alterations in the neonatal heart.

  • 17.
    Baur, Philipp
    et al.
    Heidelberg Univ, Inst Inorgan Chem, Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.;Max Planck Sch Matter Life, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Kuehl, Michael
    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Marine Biol Sect, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark..
    Comba, Peter
    Heidelberg Univ, Inst Inorgan Chem, Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.;Max Planck Sch Matter Life, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, Interdisciplinary Ctr Sci Comp, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany..
    Behrendt, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Possible Functional Roles of Patellamides in the Ascidian-Prochloron Symbiosis2022In: Marine Drugs, ISSN 1660-3397, E-ISSN 1660-3397, Vol. 20, no 2, article id 119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Patellamides are highly bioactive compounds found along with other cyanobactins in the symbiosis between didemnid ascidians and the enigmatic cyanobacterium Prochloron. The biosynthetic pathway of patellamide synthesis is well understood, the relevant operons have been identified in the Prochloron genome and genes involved in patellamide synthesis are among the most highly transcribed cyanobacterial genes in hospite. However, a more detailed study of the in vivo dynamics of patellamides and their function in the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis is complicated by the fact that Prochloron remains uncultivated despite numerous attempts since its discovery in 1975. A major challenge is to account for the highly dynamic microenvironmental conditions experienced by Prochloron in hospite, where light-dark cycles drive rapid shifts between hyperoxia and anoxia as well as pH variations from pH ~6 to ~10. Recently, work on patellamide analogues has pointed out a range of different catalytic functions of patellamide that could prove essential for the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis and could be modulated by the strong microenvironmental dynamics. Here, we review fundamental properties of patellamides and their occurrence and dynamics in vitro and in vivo. We discuss possible functions of patellamides in the ascidian-Prochloron symbiosis and identify important knowledge gaps and needs for further experimental studies.

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  • 18. Behrendt, Lars
    et al.
    Jonsson, Maria E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Goldstone, Jared V.
    Stegeman, John J.
    Induction of cytochrome P450 1 genes and stress response genes in developing zebrafish exposed to ultraviolet radiation2010In: Aquatic Toxicology, ISSN 0166-445X, E-ISSN 1879-1514, Vol. 98, no 1, p. 74-82Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Behrendt, Lars
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. ETH Zurich ETHZ, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
    Salek, M. Mehdi
    ETH Zurich ETHZ, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.;MIT, Sch Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Trampe, Erik L.
    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Marine Biol Sect, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark..
    Fernandez, Vicente, I
    ETH Zurich ETHZ, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Lee, Kang Soo
    ETH Zurich ETHZ, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Kühl, Michael
    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Marine Biol Sect, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark..
    Stocker, Roman
    ETH Zurich ETHZ, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    PhenoChip: A single-cell phenomic platform for high-throughput photophysiological analyses of microalgae2020In: Science Advances, E-ISSN 2375-2548, Vol. 6, no 36, article id eabb2754Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photosynthetic microorganisms are key players in aquatic ecosystems with strong potential for bioenergy production, yet their systematic selection at the single-cell level for improved productivity or stress resilience ("phenotyping") has remained largely inaccessible. To facilitate the phenotyping of microalgae and cyanobacteria, we developed "PhenoChip," a platform for the multiparametric photophysiological characterization and selection of unicellular phenotypes under user-controlled physicochemical conditions. We used PhenoChip to expose single cells of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium to thermal and chemical treatments and monitor single-cell photophysiology via chlorophyll fluorometry. This revealed strain-specific thermal sensitivity thresholds and distinct pH optima for photosynthetic performance, and permitted the identification of single cells with elevated resilience toward rising temperature. Optical expulsion technology was used to collect single cells from PhenoChip, and their propagation revealed indications of transgenerational preservation of photosynthetic phenotypes. PhenoChip represents a versatile platform for the phenotyping of photosynthetic unicells relevant to biotechnology, ecotoxicology, and assisted evolution.

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  • 20.
    Behrendt, Lars
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Trampe, Erik L.
    Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Lab, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark..
    Nord, Nadia B.
    Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Lab, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark.;Univ Aarhus, Dept Environm Sci, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark..
    Nguyen, Jen
    ETHZ, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, Inst Environm Engn, Stefano Franscini Pl 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.;MIT, Microbiol Grad Program, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA..
    Kuhl, Michael
    Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Lab, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingor, Denmark.;Univ Technol Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia..
    Lonco, Danijela
    Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA..
    Nyarko, Alex
    Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA..
    Dhinojwala, Ali
    Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA..
    Hershey, Olivia S.
    Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA..
    Barton, Hazel
    Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA..
    Life in the dark: far-red absorbing cyanobacteria extend photic zones deep into terrestrial caves2020In: Environmental Microbiology, ISSN 1462-2912, E-ISSN 1462-2920, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 952-963Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chlorophyll (Chl) f and d are the most recently discovered chlorophylls, enabling cyanobacteria to harvest near-infrared radiation (NIR) at 700-780 nm for oxygenic photosynthesis. Little is known about the occurrence of these pigments in terrestrial habitats. Here, we provide first details on spectral photon irradiance within the photic zones of four terrestrial cave systems in concert with a detailed investigation of photopigmentation, light reflectance and microbial community composition. We frequently found Chl f and d along the photic zones of caves characterized by low light enriched in NIR and inhabited by cyanobacteria producing NIR-absorbing pigments. Surprisingly, deeper parts of caves still contained NIR, an effect likely attributable to the reflectance of specific wavelengths by the surface materials of cave walls. We argue that the stratification of microbial communities across the photic zones of cave entrances resembles the light-driven species distributions in forests and aquatic environments.

  • 21.
    Beijer, Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Azoles and Contaminants in Treated Effluents Interact with CYP1 and CYP19 in Fish: 2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerous contaminants are present in mixtures in the aquatic environment. Among these are the azoles, a group of chemicals that includes both pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Azole fungicides are designed to inhibit lanosterol 14-demethylase (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 51), while other azoles are intended to inhibit aromatase (CYP19), i.e. the enzyme catalyzing biosynthesis of estrogens. In fish, a variety of CYP enzymes are involved in biotransformation of waterborne contaminants, and in metabolism of endogenous compounds including steroidal hormones. The induction of CYP1A protein and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity are common biomarkers for exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in fish. We developed an assay to measure inhibition of CYP1A activity (EROD) in three-spined stickleback and rainbow trout gill tissue ex vivo. Several azole fungicides were found to be potent inhibitors of CYP1A activity. A wastewater effluent containing high concentrations of pharmaceuticals was also shown to inhibit CYP1A activity. Further, several azoles inhibited CYP19 activity in rainbow trout brain microsomes in vitro. Azole mixtures reduced both CYP1A and CYP19 activity monotonically and in an additive way. Given the additive action of the azoles, studies to determine adverse effects of azole mixtures on CYP-regulated physiological functions in fish are needed. Induction of EROD and of gene expression of CYP1 in several organs was observed in an in vivo exposure with the same effluent shown to inhibit EROD. This finding could imply that there was a mixture of AhR agonists and CYP1A inhibitors in the effluent. Finally, wastewater treatment technologies were evaluated using biomarker responses in rainbow trout exposed to effluents of different treatments. The results from chemical analysis together with the biomarker results show that ozone and granulated active carbon treatment removed most pharmaceuticals, as well as AhR agonists and other chemicals present in the regular effluent. This part of the thesis demonstrates that biomarkers in fish such as induction of CYP1 gene expression are applicable to evaluate the efficiency of different treatment technologies for wastewater.

    List of papers
    1. CYP1A inhibition in fish gill filaments: a novel assay applied on pharmaceuticals and other chemicals
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>CYP1A inhibition in fish gill filaments: a novel assay applied on pharmaceuticals and other chemicals
    2010 (English)In: Aquatic Toxicology, ISSN 0166-445X, E-ISSN 1879-1514, Vol. 96, no 2, p. 145-150Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The gill filament 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) assay was originally developed as a biomarker for cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction by Ah-receptor agonists in water. In this study, the assay was adapted to measure inhibition of CYP1A activity in fish gill filaments ex vivo. The experiments were carried out using gill arch filaments from beta-naphthoflavone (betaNF)-exposed three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Candidate CYP1A inhibitors were added to the assay buffer. Nine selected pharmaceuticals and five known or suspected CYP1A-modulating chemicals were examined with regard to their ability to reduce EROD activity in gill filaments. Ellipticine, a well characterized CYP1A inhibitor, was the most effective inhibitor of the compounds tested. At a concentration in the assay buffer of 1 microM the antifungal azoles ketoconazole, miconazole and bitertanol, and the plant flavonoid acacetin reduced gill EROD activity by more than 50%, implying IC50 values below 1 microM. These compounds have previously been shown to inhibit EROD activity in liver microsomes from fish and mammals at similar concentrations. The proton pump inhibitor omeprazole reduced the gill EROD activity by 39% at 10 microM. It is concluded that the modified gill filament EROD assay is useful to screen for waterborne pollutants that inhibit catalytic CYP1A activity in fish gills.

    Keywords
    Gill filament assay, CYP inhibition, Pharmaceuticals, Antifungal azoles, Three-spined stickleback, EROD activity
    National Category
    Pharmacology and Toxicology Biological Sciences
    Research subject
    Ecotoxicology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120904 (URN)10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.10.018 (DOI)000274978500009 ()19913926 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2010-03-17 Created: 2010-03-17 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
    2. Azoles additively inhibit cytochrome P450 1 (EROD) and 19 (aromatase) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Azoles additively inhibit cytochrome P450 1 (EROD) and 19 (aromatase) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    Show others...
    2018 (English)In: Aquatic Toxicology, ISSN 0166-445X, E-ISSN 1879-1514, Vol. 198, p. 73-81Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Antifungal azoles are widely used in medicine, agriculture, and material protection and several antifungal azoles have been found in environmental samples. Although these compounds were designed to inhibit fungal enzymes such as lanosterol-14-demethylase (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 51), it is well established that the inhibitory actions of azoles are not specific for fungal CYP isozymes.

    We refined a gill filament assay to determine the inhibition of CYP1, measured as reduced 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill tissue ex vivo. The advantage of this method is that both induction and inhibition of EROD are performed ex vivo. Among thirteen azoles studied, the five that caused the strongest inhibition of gill EROD activity at a concentration of 5 μM were selected for concentration–response assessment. These compounds (bifonazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, miconazole, and prochloraz) showed IC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 μM. CYP19 (aromatase) inhibition was measured using microsomes from rainbow trout brains. Concentration-response curves for CYP19 inhibition were determined for letrozole, bifonazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, miconazole and prochloraz, which gave IC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 3.3 μM. It was further found that mixtures of the five most potent azoles reduced both CYP1 and 19 catalytic activity in an additive fashion (IC50 = 0.7 μM and 0.6 μM, in the respective assay). Bifonazole (IC50 = 0.1 μM) is not previously known to inhibit CYP1 activity.

    The additive inhibition of CYP1 and CYP19 catalytic activity is an important finding of the present study. We conclude that this additive action of azoles could mediate adverse impacts on CYP regulated physiological functions in environmentally exposed fish.

    Keywords
    Azole fungicide, EROD activity, cytochrome P450 (CYP), CYP1A, CYP19, aromatase, pharmaceutical, contaminant, chemical, fish, rainbow trout, gill, EROD aktivitet, cytokrom P450 (CYP), CYP1A, CYP19, aromatase, läkemedel, azol, fungicid, kemikalier, förorening, fisk, regnbågslax, gäle
    National Category
    Other Biological Topics
    Research subject
    Biology with specialization in Environmental Toxicology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-249010 (URN)10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.016 (DOI)000430630100008 ()
    Funder
    Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research
    Available from: 2015-04-15 Created: 2015-04-10 Last updated: 2018-08-07Bibliographically approved
    3. Effluent from drug manufacturing affects cytochrome P450 1 regulation and function in fish
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effluent from drug manufacturing affects cytochrome P450 1 regulation and function in fish
    Show others...
    2013 (English)In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 90, no 3, p. 1149-1157Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    We have previously reported very high concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the effluent from a treatment plant receiving wastewater from about 90 bulk drug manufacturers near Hyderabad, India. The main objective of the present study was to examine how high dilutions of this effluent affect mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 family genes and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in exposed wildlife, using the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as a model. In gill filaments exposed to diluted effluent ex vivo, EROD activity was strongly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. In a subsequent in vivo study, groups of fish were exposed (24. h) to three concentrations of effluent, 0.8%, 1.6% or 3.2%. In this experiment, EROD in gills was induced 27-, 52- or 60-fold, respectively. Accordingly, CYP1A mRNA was markedly up-regulated in gill, liver and brain of fish exposed to all three effluent concentrations. Expression of mRNA for CYP1B1 and CYP1C1 was induced in gills at all concentrations while effects on these genes in liver and brain were weak or absent. The results of a time course study suggested that most CYP1-inducing substances in the effluent were readily metabolised or excreted, because the induced EROD activity and mRNA expression decreased when the fish were transferred to clean water. Considering that CYP1 enzymes play important roles in biotransformation of endogenous and foreign compounds, the observed dual effect of the effluent on CYP1 catalytic activity and mRNA expression suggests that multiple physiological functions could be affected in exposed wildlife.

    Keywords
    CYP1, EROD, Gills, Pharmaceuticals, Three-spined stickleback, Treated wastewater, Drug products, Effluent treatment, Fish, Gene expression, Wastewater treatment, Effluents, cytochrome P450, cytochrome P450 1, cytochrome P450 1A, cytochrome P450 1B1, cytochrome P450 1C1, cytochrome P450 1C2, ethoxyresorufin deethylase, industrial effluent, messenger RNA, tap water, unclassified drug, biotransformation, concentration (composition), drug, ecological modeling, effluent, enzyme activity, manufacturing, metabolism, pollution exposure, teleost, wastewater, water treatment, animal experiment, animal tissue, article, brain, controlled study, enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, female, Gasterosteus aculeatus, gene, genetic transcription, gill, liver, mortality, nonhuman, spiggin gene, upregulation, vitellogenin gene, waste water treatment plant, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad [Andhra Pradesh], India
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192012 (URN)10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.023 (DOI)000312978700035 ()
    Note

    De två första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapet.

    Available from: 2013-01-24 Created: 2013-01-15 Last updated: 2017-12-06Bibliographically approved
    4. Reduction of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants in sewage treatment effluents by active carbon filtration and ozonation: Evaluation using biomarker responses in fish and chemical analysis
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reduction of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants in sewage treatment effluents by active carbon filtration and ozonation: Evaluation using biomarker responses in fish and chemical analysis
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    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Keywords
    effluent, STP, wastewater, active carbon, ozonation, rainbow trout
    National Category
    Other Biological Topics
    Research subject
    Biology with specialization in Environmental Toxicology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-251294 (URN)
    Available from: 2015-04-15 Created: 2015-04-15 Last updated: 2015-07-07
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  • 22.
    Beijer, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Björlenius, Berndt
    Royal Inst Technol KTH, Albanova Univ Ctr, Sch Biotechnol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Shaik, Siraz
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. IUF Leibniz Res Inst Environm Med, Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany..
    Lindberg, Richard H.
    Umea Univ, Dept Chem, KBC 6A Linnaeus Vag 6, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden..
    Brunström, Björn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Removal of pharmaceuticals and unspecified contaminants in sewage treatment effluents by activated carbon filtration and ozonation: Evaluation using biomarker responses and chemical analysis2017In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 176, p. 342-351Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Traces of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other chemicals are demonstrated in effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) and they may affect quality of surface water and eventually drinking water. Treatment of effluents with granular activated carbon (GAC) or ozone to improve removal of APIs and other contaminants was evaluated at two Swedish STPs, Kappala and Uppsala (88 and 103 APIs analyzed). Biomarker responses in rainbow trout exposed to regular and additionally treated effluents were determined. GAC and ozone treatment removed 87-95% of the total concentrations of APIs detected. In Kappala, GAC removed 20 and ozonation (7 g O-3/m(3)) 21 of 24 APIs detected in regular effluent. In Uppsala, GAC removed 25 and ozonation (5.4 g O-3/m(3)) 15 of 25 APIs detected in effluent. GAC and ozonation also reduced biomarker responses caused by unidentified pollutants in STP effluent water. Elevated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in gills was observed in fish exposed to effluent in both STPs. Gene expression analysis carried out in Kappala showed increased concentrations of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A5 and CYP1C3) transcripts in gills and of CYP1As in liver of fish exposed to effluent. In fish exposed to GAC- or ozone-treated effluent water, gill EROD activity and expression of CYP1As and CYP1C3 in gills and liver were generally equal to or below levels in fish held in tap water. The joint application of chemical analysis and sensitive biomarkers proved useful for evaluating contaminant removal in STPs with new technologies.

  • 23.
    Beijer, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Gao, Kai
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Jönsson, Maria E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Larsson, D. G. J.
    Brunström, Björn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Effluent from drug manufacturing affects cytochrome P450 1 regulation and function in fish2013In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 90, no 3, p. 1149-1157Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have previously reported very high concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the effluent from a treatment plant receiving wastewater from about 90 bulk drug manufacturers near Hyderabad, India. The main objective of the present study was to examine how high dilutions of this effluent affect mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 family genes and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in exposed wildlife, using the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as a model. In gill filaments exposed to diluted effluent ex vivo, EROD activity was strongly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. In a subsequent in vivo study, groups of fish were exposed (24. h) to three concentrations of effluent, 0.8%, 1.6% or 3.2%. In this experiment, EROD in gills was induced 27-, 52- or 60-fold, respectively. Accordingly, CYP1A mRNA was markedly up-regulated in gill, liver and brain of fish exposed to all three effluent concentrations. Expression of mRNA for CYP1B1 and CYP1C1 was induced in gills at all concentrations while effects on these genes in liver and brain were weak or absent. The results of a time course study suggested that most CYP1-inducing substances in the effluent were readily metabolised or excreted, because the induced EROD activity and mRNA expression decreased when the fish were transferred to clean water. Considering that CYP1 enzymes play important roles in biotransformation of endogenous and foreign compounds, the observed dual effect of the effluent on CYP1 catalytic activity and mRNA expression suggests that multiple physiological functions could be affected in exposed wildlife.

  • 24.
    Beijer, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Jönsson, Maria
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Shaik, Siraz
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Behrens, Daphné
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Brunström, Björn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Azoles additively inhibit cytochrome P450 1 (EROD) and 19 (aromatase) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)2018In: Aquatic Toxicology, ISSN 0166-445X, E-ISSN 1879-1514, Vol. 198, p. 73-81Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Antifungal azoles are widely used in medicine, agriculture, and material protection and several antifungal azoles have been found in environmental samples. Although these compounds were designed to inhibit fungal enzymes such as lanosterol-14-demethylase (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 51), it is well established that the inhibitory actions of azoles are not specific for fungal CYP isozymes.

    We refined a gill filament assay to determine the inhibition of CYP1, measured as reduced 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill tissue ex vivo. The advantage of this method is that both induction and inhibition of EROD are performed ex vivo. Among thirteen azoles studied, the five that caused the strongest inhibition of gill EROD activity at a concentration of 5 μM were selected for concentration–response assessment. These compounds (bifonazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, miconazole, and prochloraz) showed IC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 μM. CYP19 (aromatase) inhibition was measured using microsomes from rainbow trout brains. Concentration-response curves for CYP19 inhibition were determined for letrozole, bifonazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, miconazole and prochloraz, which gave IC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 3.3 μM. It was further found that mixtures of the five most potent azoles reduced both CYP1 and 19 catalytic activity in an additive fashion (IC50 = 0.7 μM and 0.6 μM, in the respective assay). Bifonazole (IC50 = 0.1 μM) is not previously known to inhibit CYP1 activity.

    The additive inhibition of CYP1 and CYP19 catalytic activity is an important finding of the present study. We conclude that this additive action of azoles could mediate adverse impacts on CYP regulated physiological functions in environmentally exposed fish.

  • 25.
    Beijer, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Lampa, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology.
    Nilsson, Peter M.
    SUS Malmo, Dept Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden..
    Elmstahl, Solve
    Lund Univ, Div Geriatr Med, Dept Hlth Sci, Malmo Univ Hosp, Malmo, Sweden..
    Pedersen, Nancy L.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Interaction between physical activity and television time on blood pressure level: cross-sectional data from 45000 individuals2018In: Journal of Hypertension, ISSN 0263-6352, E-ISSN 1473-5598, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 1041-1050Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives:The aim was to investigate if there is an interaction between sitting time and leisure time physical activity on blood pressure and if there are age differences and sex differences in this respect.

    Methods:Linear regression analysis on cross-sectional data was performed in more than 45000 men and women from two Swedish cohort studies, EpiHealth (45-75 years) and LifeGene (18-45 years). Self-reported leisure time physical activity was given in five levels from low (level 1) to vigorous physical activity (level 5) and television time was used as a proxy measure of sitting time.

    Results:High physical activity was associated with lower DBP (P=0.001), but not SBP. Active middle-aged men had lower DBP (-1.1mmHg; 95% CI -1.7 to -0.4) compared with inactive participants. Prolonged television time was associated with higher SBP (P<0.001) and DBP (P=0.011) in both sexes and in most age groups. Watching 3h instead of 1h television per day was associated with higher SBP in middle-aged women (SBP: 1.1mmHg; 95% CI 0.7-1.4) and men (SBP: 1.2mmHg; 95% CI 0.8-1.6). Only in young men, a high physical activity (level 4 instead of level 1) could compensate for a prolonged television time (3h per day) in terms of DBP.

    Conclusion:Prolonged television time was associated with higher SBP and DBP in both sexes and at most ages, whereas an increased physical activity was mainly associated with a lower DBP. Only in young men, a high physical activity could compensate for prolonged television time regarding DBP.

  • 26.
    Beijer, kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Shaik, Siraz
    Berndt, Björlenius
    KTH.
    Lindberg, Richard
    Umeå Universitet.
    Brunström, Björn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Reduction of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants in sewage treatment effluents by active carbon filtration and ozonation: Evaluation using biomarker responses in fish and chemical analysisManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 27.
    Berg, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Müllerian duct differentiation: a sensitive target for endocrine disrupters in amphibians2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 28.
    Berg, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Backström, Tobias
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Comparative Physiology.
    Winberg, Svante
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology.
    Lindberg, Richard
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Developmental Exposure to Fluoxetine Modulates the Serotonin System in Hypothalamus2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 1, p. e55053-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (FLU, Prozac (R)) is commonly prescribed for depression in pregnant women. This results in SSRI exposure of the developing fetus. However, there are knowledge gaps regarding the impact of SSRI exposure during development. Given the role of serotonin in brain development and its cross-talk with sex hormone function, we investigated effects of developmental exposure to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of FLU (3 and 30 nM (measured)) on brain neurotransmitter levels, gonadal differentiation, aromatase activity in brain and gonads, and the thyroid system, using the Xenopus tropicalis model. Tadpoles were chronically exposed (8 weeks) until metamorphosis. At metamorphosis brains were cryosectioned and levels of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and their metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid were measured in discrete regions (telencephalon, hypothalamus and the reticular formation) of the cryosections using high-performance liquid chromatography. Exposure to 30 nM FLU increased the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in hypothalamus compared with controls. FLU exposure did not affect survival, time to metamorphosis, thyroid histology, gonadal sex differentiation, or aromatase activity implying that the effect on the serotonergic neurotransmitter system in the hypothalamus region was specific. The FLU concentration that impacted the serotonin system is lower than the concentration measured in umbilical cord serum, suggesting that the serotonin system of the developing brain is highly sensitive to in utero exposure to FLU. To our knowledge this is the first study showing effects of developmental FLU exposure on brain neurochemistry. Given that SSRIs are present in the aquatic environment the current results warrant further investigation into the neurobehavioral effects of SSRIs in aquatic wildlife.

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  • 29.
    Berg, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Lundstedt-Enkel, KatrinUppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.Olovsson, MattsUppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.Persson, SaraSveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper.
    Female Reproduction and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (FEMREP 2013)2013Conference proceedings (editor) (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Berg, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Säfholm, Moa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Environmental concentrations of norethindrone and progesteroneinhibit egg development in amphibians2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Berg, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Säfholm, Moa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Reproductive toxicity of progestogens: norethindrone and progesterone inhibit vitellogenesis2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 32.
    Berg, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Säfholm, Moa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Jansson, Erika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Fick, Jerker
    Umeå universitet.
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Effects of Progestin and Estrogen Mixtures: a partial life cycle study on sex differentiation2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 33. Bergman, Ake
    et al.
    Andersson, Anna-Maria
    Becher, Georg
    van den Berg, Martin
    Blumberg, Bruce
    Bjerregaard, Poul
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    Bornman, Riana
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Brian, Jayne V.
    Casey, Stephanie C.
    Fowler, Paul A.
    Frouin, Heloise
    Giudice, Linda C.
    Iguchi, Taisen
    Hass, Ulla
    Jobling, Susan
    Juul, Anders
    Kidd, Karen A.
    Kortenkamp, Andreas
    Lind, Monica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Martin, Olwenn V.
    Muir, Derek
    Ochieng, Roseline
    Olea, Nicolas
    Norrgren, Leif
    Ropstad, Erik
    Ross, Peter S.
    Ruden, Christina
    Scheringer, Martin
    Skakkebaek, Niels Erik
    Soder, Olle
    Sonnenschein, Carlos
    Soto, Ana
    Swan, Shanna
    Toppari, Jorma
    Tyler, Charles R.
    Vandenberg, Laura N.
    Vinggaard, Anne Marie
    Wiberg, Karin
    Zoeller, R. Thomas
    Science and policy on endocrine disrupters must not be mixed: a reply to a "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors2013In: Environmental Health, E-ISSN 1476-069X, Vol. 12, p. 69-Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The "common sense" intervention by toxicology journal editors regarding proposed European Union endocrine disrupter regulations ignores scientific evidence and well-established principles of chemical risk assessment. In this commentary, endocrine disrupter experts express their concerns about a recently published, and is in our considered opinion inaccurate and factually incorrect, editorial that has appeared in several journals in toxicology. Some of the shortcomings of the editorial are discussed in detail. We call for a better founded scientific debate which may help to overcome a polarisation of views detrimental to reaching a consensus about scientific foundations for endocrine disrupter regulation in the EU.

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  • 34. Bergman, Ake
    et al.
    Heindel, Jerrold J.
    Kasten, Tim
    Kidd, Karen A.
    Jobling, Susan
    Neira, Maria
    Zoeller, R. Thomas
    Becher, Georg
    Bjerregaard, Poul
    Bornman, Riana
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Kortenkamp, Andreas
    Muir, Derek
    Drisse, Marie-Noel Brune
    Ochieng, Roseline
    Skakkebaek, Niels E.
    Bylehn, Agneta Sunden
    Iguchi, Taisen
    Toppari, Jorma
    Woodruff, Tracey J.
    The Impact of Endocrine Disruption: A Consensus Statement on the State of the Science2013In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives, ISSN 0091-6765, E-ISSN 1552-9924, Vol. 121, no 4, p. A104-A106Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Bergman, Åke
    et al.
    Swedish Toxicol Sci Res Ctr Swetox, Sodertalje, Sweden..
    Becher, Georg
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway..
    Blumberg, Bruce
    Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA..
    Bjerregaard, Poul
    Univ Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark..
    Bornman, Riana
    Univ Pretoria, Sch Hlth Syst & Publ Hlth, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa..
    Brandt, Ingvar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Casey, Stephanie C.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA..
    Frouin, Heloise
    Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Giudice, Linda C.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Heindel, Jerrold J.
    Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA..
    Iguchi, Taisen
    Natl Inst Basic Biol, Okazaki, Aichi 444, Japan..
    Jobling, Susan
    Brunel Univ London, Uxbridge, Middx, England..
    Kidd, Karen A.
    Univ New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ USA..
    Kortenkamp, Andreas
    Brunel Univ London, Uxbridge, Middx, England..
    Lind, P. Monica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
    Muir, Derek
    Environm Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada..
    Ochieng, Roseline
    Aga Khan Univ Hosp, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Ropstad, Erik
    Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Oslo, Norway..
    Ross, Peter S.
    Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sci Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
    Skakkebaek, Niels Erik
    Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Toppari, Jorma
    Univ Turku, Turku, Finland..
    Vandenberg, Laura N.
    Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA..
    Woodruff, Tracey J.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA..
    Zoeller, R. Thomas
    Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA..
    Manufacturing doubt about endocrine disrupter science - A rebuttal of industry-sponsored critical comments on the UNEP/WHO report "State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012"2015In: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, ISSN 0273-2300, E-ISSN 1096-0295, Vol. 73, no 3, p. 1007-1017Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a detailed response to the critique of "State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012" (UNEP/WHO, 2013) by financial stakeholders, authored by Lamb et al. (2014). Lamb et al.'s claim that UNEP/WHO (2013) does not provide a balanced perspective on endocrine disruption is based on incomplete and misleading quoting of the report through omission of qualifying statements and inaccurate description of study objectives, results and conclusions. Lamb et al. define extremely narrow standards for synthesizing evidence which are then used to dismiss the UNEP/WHO 2013 report as flawed. We show that Lamb et al. misuse conceptual frameworks for assessing causality, especially the Bradford Hill criteria, by ignoring the fundamental problems that exist with inferring causality from empirical observations. We conclude that Lamb et al.'s attempt of deconstructing the UNEP/WHO (2013) report is not particularly erudite and that their critique is not intended to be convincing to the scientific community, but to confuse the scientific data. Consequently, it promotes misinterpretation of the UNEP/WHO (2013) report by non-specialists, bureaucrats, politicians and other decision makers not intimately familiar with the topic of endocrine disruption and therefore susceptible to false generalizations of bias and subjectivity.

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  • 36.
    Bladin, Emelie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Effects of low-dose developmental exposure to Bisphenol A: Hepatic gene expression and hepatic lipid accumulation in juvenile Fischer 344 rats2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) is suggested to have a potential role in the development of obesity and metabolic disorders. Human exposure occurs worldwide and the developmental period seems to be particularly sensitive, even to very low doses. In January 2015 the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) lowered the tolerable daily intake (TDI) from 50 μg/kg bw/day to 4 μg/kg bw/day. Ingestion of BPA-contaminated food is the main route of exposure and biotransformation occurs in the liver. Little is known about the effects of BPA exposure on basal metabolic rate and hepatic homeostasis.

    Objectives: This study aimed to investigate potential alterations on hepatic gene expression and hepatic lipid accumulation due to low-dose perinatal BPA developmental exposure.

    Methods: Pregnant Fischer 344 rats were exposed to a lower dose (0.5 μg/kg bw/day) and a higher dose (50 μg/kg bw/day) of BPA via their drinking water during gestation and lactation until weaning. The offspring were exposed in utero and during lactation. They were sacrificed at five weeks of age. Liver mRNA gene expression was measured using qPCR and potential lipid accumulation in the liver was examined using image analysis (ImageJ) of micrographs of tissue sections.

    Results: Perinatal exposure to BPA altered the mRNA expression in males. The mRNA levels of the pro adipogenic transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, alpha (C/EBP-α), were 26% lower in higher-dose exposed males compared to controls (p=0.05). No significant effects on mRNA expression were seen in females. Liver lipid accumulation was not significantly altered by BPA exposure.

    Conclusion: Perinatal low-dose BPA exposure (0.5 and 50 μg/kg bw/day), altered hepatic expression of one gene involved in adipogenic transcription in the juvenile male offspring. The results support the potential role of low-dose BPA exposure on metabolic homeostasis and it might be of concern with regard to the currently allowed TDI and the ubiquitous exposure among humans

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  • 37.
    Blanc, Melanie
    et al.
    Örebro Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Man Technol Environm Res Ctr MTM, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-70182 Örebro, Sweden.;Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, MARBEC,IRD, Palavas Les Flots, France.;Univ Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France..
    Antczak, Philipp
    Univ Cologne, Ctr Mol Med Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany..
    Cousin, Xavier
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, MARBEC,IRD, Palavas Les Flots, France.;Univ Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, F-78350 Jouy En Josas, France..
    Grunau, Christoph
    Univ Perpignan, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IHPE,Ifremer, Via Domitia, Perpignan, France..
    Scherbak, Nikolai
    Örebro Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Man Technol Environm Res Ctr MTM, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-70182 Örebro, Sweden.;Örebro Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Örebro Life Sci Ctr, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-70182 Örebro, Sweden..
    Rüegg, Joëlle
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Keiter, Steffen H.
    Örebro Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Man Technol Environm Res Ctr MTM, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-70182 Örebro, Sweden..
    The insecticide permethrin induces transgenerational behavioral changes linked to transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio)2021In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 779, article id 146404Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The pyrethroid insecticide permethrin is widely used for agricultural and domestic purposes. Previous data indicated that it acts as a developmental neurotoxicant and can induce transgenerational effects in non target organisms. However, associated underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate permethrin-related transgenerational effects in the zebrafish model, and to identify possible molecular mechanisms underlying inheritance. Zebrafish (F 0) were exposed to permethrin during early life (2 h post-fertilization up to 28 days). The F1 and F2 offspring generations were obtained by pairing exposed F0 males and females, and were bred unexposed. Locomotor and anxiety behavior were investigated, together with transcriptomic and epigenomic (DNA methylation) changes in brains. Permethrin exposed F0 fish were hypoactive at adulthood, while males from the F1 and F2 generations showed a specific decrease in anxiety-like behavior. In F0, transcriptomic data showed enrichment in pathways related to glutamatergic synapse activity, which may partly underlie the behavioral effects. In F1 and F2 males, dysregulation of similar pathways was observed, including a subset of differentially methylated regions that were inherited from the F0 to the F2 generation and indicated stable dysregulation of glutamatergic signaling. Altogether, the present results provide novel evidence on the transgenerational neurotoxic effects of permethrin, as well as mechanistic insight: a transient exposure induces persistent transcriptional and DNA methylation changes that may translate into transgenerational alteration of glutamatergic signaling and, thus, into behavioral alterations. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

  • 38.
    Bogdanska, Jasna
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Borg, Daniel
    Swedish Chem Agcy, SE-17267 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bergström, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Mellring, Maria
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Analyt Chem & Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;Dept Clin Chem, Aleris Medilab, SE-18515 Taby, Sweden.
    Bergman, Ake
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Analyt Chem & Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;Orebro Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, SE-70182 Orebro, Sweden.
    DePierre, Joseph
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nobel, Stefan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Sect Integrat Physiol, Biomedicum Quarter 4C,Solnavagen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tissue distribution of C-14-labelled perfluorooctanoic acid in adult mice after 1-5 days of dietary exposure to an experimental dose or a lower dose that resulted in blood levels similar to those detected in exposed humans2020In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 239, article id UNSP 124755Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a global environmental pollutant detected in both wildlife and human populations, has several pathophysiological effects in experimental animals, including hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity. However, details concerning the tissue distribution of PFOA, in particular at levels relevant to humans, are lacking, which limits our understanding of how humans, and other mammals, may be affected by this compound. Therefore, we characterized the tissue distribution of C-14-PFOA in mice in the same manner as we earlier examined its analogues perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) in order to allow direct comparisons. Following dietary exposure of adult male C57/BL6 mice for 1, 3 or 5 days to a low dose (0.06 mg/kg/day) or a higher experimental dose (22 mg/kg/day) of C-14-PFOA, both scintillation counting and whole-body autoradiography revealed the presence of PFOA in most of the 19 different tissues examined, demonstrating its ability to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues. There were no differences in the pattern of tissue distribution with the low and high dose and the tissue-to-blood ratios were similar. At both doses, PFOA levels were highest in the liver, followed by blood, lungs and kidneys. The body compartments estimated to contain the largest amounts of PFOA were the liver, blood, skin and muscle. In comparison with our identical studies on PFOS and PFBS, PFOA reached considerably higher tissue levels than PFBS, but lower than PFOS. Furthermore, the distribution of PFOA differed notably from that of PFOS, with lower tissue-to-blood ratios in the liver, lungs, kidneys and skin. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 39. Bogdanska, Jasna
    et al.
    Sundstrom, Maria
    Bergström, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Borg, Daniel
    Abedi-Valugerdi, Manuchehr
    Bergman, Ake
    DePierre, Joseph
    Nobel, Stefan
    Tissue distribution of S-35-labelled perfluorobutanesulfonic acid in adult mice following dietary exposure for 1-5 days2014In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 98, p. 28-36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (PBSF) has been introduced as a replacement for its eight-carbon homolog perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (POSF) in the manufacturing of fluorochemicals. Fluorochemicals derived from PBSF may give rise to perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) as a terminal degradation product. Although basic mammalian toxicokinetic data exist for PFBS, information on its tissue distribution has only been reported in one study focused on rat liver. Therefore, here we characterized the tissue distribution of PFBS in mice in the same manner as we earlier examined its eight-carbon homolog perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) to allow direct comparisons. Following dietary exposure of adult male C57/BL6 mice for 1,3 or 5 d to 16 mg S-35-PFBS kg(-1) d(-1), both scintillation counting and whole-body autoradiography (WBA) revealed the presence of PFBS in all of the 20 different tissues examined, demonstrating its ability to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues. After 5 d of treatment the highest levels were detected in liver, gastrointestinal tract, blood, kidney, cartilage, whole bone, lungs and thyroid gland. WBA revealed relatively high levels of PFBS in male genital organs as well, with the exception of the testis. The tissue levels increased from 1 to 3 d of exposure but appeared thereafter to level-off in most cases. The estimated major body compartments were whole bone, liver, blood, skin and muscle. This exposure to PFBS resulted in 5-40-fold lower tissue levels than did similar exposure to PFOS, as well as in a different pattern of tissue distribution, including lower levels in liver and lungs relative to blood.

  • 40.
    Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA.
    Engdahl, Elin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Hallerback, Maria Unenge
    Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Wikström, Sverre
    Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Lindh, Christian
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Rüegg, Joëlle
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology. Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Tanner, Eva
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
    Chris, Gennings
    Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
    Prenatal exposure to bisphenols and cognitive function in children at 7 years of age in the Swedish SELMA study2021In: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 150, article id 106433Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Experimental evidence demonstrates that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), and the recently introduced alternatives bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) alter normal neurodevelopment. More research is needed to evaluate the associations between exposure to individual BPA alternatives and neurodevelopmental outcomes in humans.

    Objective

    The present study aimed at examining the individual associations between prenatal BPA, BPS and BPF exposure and cognitive outcomes in children at age 7 years.MethodWomen were enrolled in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study, at gestational median week 10.0, and their children were examined for cognitive function at 7 years of age (N = 803). Maternal urinary BPA, BPS, and BPF concentrations were measured at enrollment and childreńs cognitive function at the age of 7 years was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC-IV).

    Results

    All three bisphenols were detected in over 90% of the women, where BPA had the highest geometric mean concentrations (1.55 ng/mL), followed by BPF (0.16 ng/mL) and BPS (0.07 ng/mL). Prenatal BPF exposure was associated with decreased full scale IQ (β = −1.96, 95%CI; −3.12; −0.80), as well as with a decrease in all four sub scales covering verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory and processing speed. This association corresponded to a 1.6-point lower IQ score for an inter-quartile-range (IQR) change in prenatal BPF exposure (IQR = 0.054–0.350 ng/mL). In sex-stratified analyses, significant associations with full scale IQ were found for boys (β = −2.86, 95%CI; −4.54; −1.18), while the associations for girls did not reach significance (β = −1.38, 95%CI; −2.97; 0.22). No significant associations between BPA nor BPS and cognition were found.

    Discussion

    Prenatal exposure to BPF was significantly associated with childreńs cognitive function at 7 years. Since BPF is replacing BPA in numerous consumer products globally, this finding urgently call for further studies.

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  • 41.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Induces Neurotoxicity in the Neonate: Acute or fractionated doses and interaction with xenobiotics in mice2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis examines the developmental neurotoxic effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation (IR), alone or together with xenobiotics, during a critical period of neonatal brain development in mice.

    During mammalian brain development there is a period called the brain growth spurt (BGS), which involves extensive growth and maturation of the brain. It is known that neonatal exposure during the BGS to xenobiotics can have a negative impact on neonatal brain development, resulting in impaired cognitive function in the adult mouse. In humans, the BGS starts during the third trimester of pregnancy and continues for approximately 2 years in the child.  

    The present thesis has identified a defined critical period, during the BGS, when IR can induce developmental neurotoxicity in mice. The observed neurotoxicity was not dependent on sex or strain and manifested as altered neurobehaviour in the adult mouse. Furthermore, fractionated dose exposures appear to be as potent as a higher acute dose. The cholinergic system can be a target system for developmental neurotoxicity of IR, since alterations in adult mouse cholinergic system susceptibility were observed. Co-exposure to IR and nicotine exacerbated the behavioural disturbances and cholinergic system dysfunction. Furthermore, co-exposure with the environmental agent paraquat has indicated that the dopaminergic system can be a potential target.  

    In this thesis, clinically relevant doses of IR and a sedative/anesthetic agent (ketamine) were shown to interact and exacerbate defects in adult mouse neurobehaviour, learning and memory, following neonatal exposure, at doses where the single agents did not have any impact on the measured variables. This indicates a shift in the dose-response curve for IR, towards lower doses, if exposure occurs during the neonatal brain development. In addition, co-exposed mice, showing cognitive defects, expressed elevated levels of tau protein in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, exacerbation of neurochemical deviations were observed following co-exposure compared to irradiation alone.

    Further investigations of neurotoxic effects following fractionated or acute low-dose IR, modelling the clinical situation during repeated CT scans or levels of radiation deposited in non-target tissue during radiotherapy, and possible interaction effects with xenobiotics, is of great importance in the field of radioprotection. 

    List of papers
    1. Neonatal exposure to whole body ionizing radiation induces adult neurobehavioural defects: Critical period, dose-response effects and strain and sex comparison
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Neonatal exposure to whole body ionizing radiation induces adult neurobehavioural defects: Critical period, dose-response effects and strain and sex comparison
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    2016 (English)In: Behavioural Brain Research, ISSN 0166-4328, E-ISSN 1872-7549, Vol. 304, p. 11-19Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Development of the brain includes periods which can be critical for its normal maturation. The present study investigates specifically vulnerable peri-/postnatal periods in mice which are essential for understanding the etiology behind radiation induced neurotoxicity and functional defects, including evaluation of neurotoxicity between sexes or commonly used laboratory mouse strains following low/moderate doses of ionizing radiation (IR). Male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice, whole body irradiated to a single 500 mGy IR dose, on postnatal day (PND) 3 or PND 10 showed an altered adult spontaneous behaviour and impaired habituation capacity, whereas irradiation on PND 19 did not have any impact on the studied variables. Both NMRI and C57bl/6 male and female mice showed an altered adult spontaneous behaviour and impaired habituation following a single whole body irradiation of 500 or 1000 mGy, but not after 20 or 100 mGy, on PND 10. The present study shows that exposure to low/moderate doses of IR during critical life stages might be involved in the induction of neurological/neurodegenerative disorder/disease. A specifically vulnerable period for radiation induced neurotoxicity seems to be around PND 3-10 in mice. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms involved in induction of developmental neurotoxicity following low dose irradiation.

    National Category
    Developmental Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282365 (URN)10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.008 (DOI)000372939400002 ()26876140 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Swedish Radiation Safety AuthorityEU, FP7, Seventh Framework Programme, 29552
    Available from: 2016-04-05 Created: 2016-04-05 Last updated: 2017-11-30Bibliographically approved
    2. Neonatal exposure to a moderate dose of ionizing radiation causes behavioural defects and altered levels of tau protein in mice
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Neonatal exposure to a moderate dose of ionizing radiation causes behavioural defects and altered levels of tau protein in mice
    Show others...
    2014 (English)In: Neurotoxicology, ISSN 0161-813X, E-ISSN 1872-9711, Vol. 45, p. 48-55Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Medical use of ionizing radiation (IR) has great benefits for treatment and diagnostic imaging, butprocedures as computerized tomography (CT) may deliver a significant radiation dose to the patient.Recently, awareness has been raised about possible non-cancer consequences from low dose exposure toIR during critical phases of perinatal and/or neonatal brain development.In the present study neonatal NMRI mice were whole body irradiated with a single dose of gammaradiation (0; 350 and 500 mGy) on postnatal day 10 (PND 10). At 2 and 4 months of age, mice of bothsexes were observed for spontaneous behaviour in a novel home environment. The neuroproteinsCaMKII, GAP-43, synaptophysin and total tau in male mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus wereanalysed 24 h post-irradiation and in adults at 6 months of age exposed to 0 or 500 mGy on PND 10.A significantly dose-response related deranged spontaneous behaviour in 2- and 4-month-old micewas observed, where both males and females displayed a modified habituation, indicating reducedcognitive function. The dose of 350 mGy seems to be a tentative threshold. Six-month-old male miceshowed a significantly increased level of total tau in cerebral cortex after irradiation to 500 mGy compared to controls. This demonstrates that a single moderate dose of IR, given during a defined criticalperiod of brain development, is sufficient to cause persistently reduced cognitive function. Moreover, anelevation of tau protein was observed in male mice displaying reduced cognitive function.

    National Category
    Other Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-240576 (URN)10.1016/j.neuro.2014.09.002 (DOI)000346955100006 ()25265567 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2015-01-08 Created: 2015-01-08 Last updated: 2017-06-30Bibliographically approved
    3. Developmental effects of fractionated low-dose exposure to gamma radiation on behaviour and susceptibility of the cholinergic system in mice
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Developmental effects of fractionated low-dose exposure to gamma radiation on behaviour and susceptibility of the cholinergic system in mice
    Show others...
    2016 (English)In: International Journal of Radiation Biology, ISSN 0955-3002, E-ISSN 1362-3095, Vol. 92, no 7, p. 371-379Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate whether neonatal exposure to fractionated external gamma radiation and co-exposure to radiation and nicotine can affect/exacerbate developmental neurotoxic effects, including altered behavior/cognitive function and the susceptibility of the cholinergic system in adult male mice. Materials and methods: Neonatal male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were irradiated with one 200 mGy fraction/day and/or exposed to nicotine (66 μg/kg b.w.) twice daily on postnatal day (PND) 10, 10–11, 10–12 or 10–13 (nicotine only). At 2 months of age the animals were tested for spontaneous behavior in a novel home environment, habituation capacity and nicotine-induced behavior. Results: Fractionated irradiation and co-exposure to radiation and nicotine on three consecutive days disrupted behavior and habituation and altered susceptibility of the cholinergic system. All observed effects were significantly more pronounced in mice co-exposed to both radiation and nicotine. Conclusions: The fractionated irradiation regime affects behavior/cognitive function in a similar manner as has previously been observed for single-dose exposures. Neonatal co-exposure to radiation and nicotine, during a critical period of brain development in general and cholinergic system development in particular, enhance these behavioral defects suggesting that the cholinergic system can be a target system for this type of developmental neurotoxic effects.

    Keywords
    Low-dose radiation, nicotine, cholinergic system, cognition, brain development, behavior
    National Category
    Developmental Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282366 (URN)10.3109/09553002.2016.1164911 (DOI)000379933800003 ()27043364 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2016-04-05 Created: 2016-04-05 Last updated: 2017-11-30Bibliographically approved
    4. Developmental effects of neonatal fractionated co-exposure to low-dose gamma radiation and paraquat on behaviour in adult mice
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Developmental effects of neonatal fractionated co-exposure to low-dose gamma radiation and paraquat on behaviour in adult mice
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    2019 (English)In: Journal of Applied Toxicology, ISSN 0260-437X, E-ISSN 1099-1263, Vol. 39, no 4, p. 582-589Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Radiological methods for screening, diagnostics and therapy are often used in healthcare; however, it has recently been reported that developmental exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) causes neurotoxicity. Environmental chemicals also have the potential to affect the developing brain and the concomitant effects caused by IR and chemicals are of high interest today. We therefore aim to investigate if low-dose IR can interact with the known neurotoxicant paraquat to induce neurotoxicity in the neonatal mouse model. Using the same model, we also aim to investigate if fractionated low-dose IR can be as neurotoxic as higher acute doses. Male mice were exposed to a single dose of paraquat (0.2 or 0.02 mg/kg) on postnatal day 10 and 11. Two hours following paraquat exposure, mice were whole body irradiated with 100 or 300 mGy gamma radiation (Cs-137). Behavioural observations were performed at 2 and 3 months of age. Following behavioural testing, we evaluated striatal dopaminergic gene transcription. Animals co-exposed to IR and paraquat generally displayed altered spontaneous behaviour compared to controls and single agent exposed mice. Stronger effects by combined exposure were also observed on adult memory and learning. However, dopaminergic gene transcript levels remained unchanged by treatment. Co-exposure to low-dose IR and paraquat can interact to exacerbate neurotoxic effects and to impair cognitive function. Furthermore, fractionation of the radiation dose was observed to be as potent as higher acute exposure for induction of developmental neurotoxicity.

    National Category
    Developmental Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282374 (URN)10.1002/jat.3748 (DOI)000461835200003 ()30426514 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2016-04-05 Created: 2016-04-05 Last updated: 2022-01-29Bibliographically approved
    5. Ketamine interacts with low dose ionizing radiaiton during brain development to impair cognitive function in mouse
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ketamine interacts with low dose ionizing radiaiton during brain development to impair cognitive function in mouse
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    2016 (English)In: Anesthesiology, ISSN 0003-3022, E-ISSN 1528-1175Article in journal (Refereed) Submitted
    National Category
    Developmental Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282371 (URN)
    Available from: 2016-04-05 Created: 2016-04-05 Last updated: 2017-11-30Bibliographically approved
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  • 42.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Neonatal Exposure to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation in Mice: Developmental Neurotoxic Effects of Single and Fractionated Doses and Interaction with Nicotine2015Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis aims to investigate the developmental neurotoxic effects of low-dose exposure to ionizing radiation, alone or together with nicotine, during a defined critical period of neonatal brain development in mice. 

    Investigation of neurotoxic effects following fractionated or acute low-dose radiation, resembling the clinical situation during repeated CT scans or radiation delivered to non-target tissue during radiotherapy, and possible interaction effects with other agents, is of great importance for risk and safety evaluation.

    During mammalian brain development there are defined critical periods for induction of developmental neurotoxic effects. One of these critical periods is called the brain growth spurt (BGS) and involves extensive growth and maturation of the brain. It is known that neonatal exposure during the BGS to low doses of radiation, as well as nicotine, can have a negative impact on neonatal brain development, resulting in impaired cognitive function in the adult mouse. 

    The present studies have shown that developmental neurotoxicity following low-dose irradiation can be induced during the same critical period of brain development as previously has been shown for chemicals. The observed neurotoxicity was manifested as altered spontaneous behaviour and habituation capacity, independent of sex, as well as elevated levels of an Alzheimer-related neuroprotein in the adult mouse. Furthermore, fractionated dose regimes seem to be as potent for induction of neurotoxicity and behavioural disturbances as an equivalent single acute dose. The cholinergic system can be a target system for developmental neurotoxicity of ionizing radiation, either alone or in combination with the cholinergic agent nicotine. Co-exposure to ionizing radiation and nicotine exacerbated the behavioural disturbances and cholinergic system dysfunction observed in these studies.

    Further studies on developmental neurotoxic effects of low-dose neonatal irradiation and interaction with medical drugs and environmental pollutants are important for the field of radioprotection. 

    List of papers
    1. Neonatal exposure to a moderate dose of ionizing radiation causes behavioural defects and altered levels of tau protein in mice
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Neonatal exposure to a moderate dose of ionizing radiation causes behavioural defects and altered levels of tau protein in mice
    Show others...
    2014 (English)In: Neurotoxicology, ISSN 0161-813X, E-ISSN 1872-9711, Vol. 45, p. 48-55Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Medical use of ionizing radiation (IR) has great benefits for treatment and diagnostic imaging, butprocedures as computerized tomography (CT) may deliver a significant radiation dose to the patient.Recently, awareness has been raised about possible non-cancer consequences from low dose exposure toIR during critical phases of perinatal and/or neonatal brain development.In the present study neonatal NMRI mice were whole body irradiated with a single dose of gammaradiation (0; 350 and 500 mGy) on postnatal day 10 (PND 10). At 2 and 4 months of age, mice of bothsexes were observed for spontaneous behaviour in a novel home environment. The neuroproteinsCaMKII, GAP-43, synaptophysin and total tau in male mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus wereanalysed 24 h post-irradiation and in adults at 6 months of age exposed to 0 or 500 mGy on PND 10.A significantly dose-response related deranged spontaneous behaviour in 2- and 4-month-old micewas observed, where both males and females displayed a modified habituation, indicating reducedcognitive function. The dose of 350 mGy seems to be a tentative threshold. Six-month-old male miceshowed a significantly increased level of total tau in cerebral cortex after irradiation to 500 mGy compared to controls. This demonstrates that a single moderate dose of IR, given during a defined criticalperiod of brain development, is sufficient to cause persistently reduced cognitive function. Moreover, anelevation of tau protein was observed in male mice displaying reduced cognitive function.

    National Category
    Other Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-240576 (URN)10.1016/j.neuro.2014.09.002 (DOI)000346955100006 ()25265567 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2015-01-08 Created: 2015-01-08 Last updated: 2017-06-30Bibliographically approved
    2. Effects of fractionated low dose exposure to gamma radiation and the interaction with nicotine on behaviour in mice
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effects of fractionated low dose exposure to gamma radiation and the interaction with nicotine on behaviour in mice
    Show others...
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242814 (URN)
    Available from: 2015-02-02 Created: 2015-02-02 Last updated: 2015-03-19
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  • 43.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Stenerlöw, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Fredriksson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Sundell-Bergman, Synnöve
    Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Developmental effects of fractionated low-dose exposure to gamma radiation on behaviour and susceptibility of the cholinergic system in mice2016In: International Journal of Radiation Biology, ISSN 0955-3002, E-ISSN 1362-3095, Vol. 92, no 7, p. 371-379Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate whether neonatal exposure to fractionated external gamma radiation and co-exposure to radiation and nicotine can affect/exacerbate developmental neurotoxic effects, including altered behavior/cognitive function and the susceptibility of the cholinergic system in adult male mice. Materials and methods: Neonatal male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were irradiated with one 200 mGy fraction/day and/or exposed to nicotine (66 μg/kg b.w.) twice daily on postnatal day (PND) 10, 10–11, 10–12 or 10–13 (nicotine only). At 2 months of age the animals were tested for spontaneous behavior in a novel home environment, habituation capacity and nicotine-induced behavior. Results: Fractionated irradiation and co-exposure to radiation and nicotine on three consecutive days disrupted behavior and habituation and altered susceptibility of the cholinergic system. All observed effects were significantly more pronounced in mice co-exposed to both radiation and nicotine. Conclusions: The fractionated irradiation regime affects behavior/cognitive function in a similar manner as has previously been observed for single-dose exposures. Neonatal co-exposure to radiation and nicotine, during a critical period of brain development in general and cholinergic system development in particular, enhance these behavioral defects suggesting that the cholinergic system can be a target system for this type of developmental neurotoxic effects.

  • 44.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Stenerlöw, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Fredriksson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Sundell-Bergman, Synnöve
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Fakulteten för naturresurser och lantbruksvetenskap, Institutionen för Mark och miljö.
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Effects of fractionated low dose exposure to gamma radiation and the interaction with nicotine on behaviour in miceManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Stenerlöw, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Fredriksson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Sundell-Bergman, Synnöve
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Low Dose Neonatal Co-exposure to Radiation and Ketamine Negatively Influences Cognition and Alters Neuroprotein Levels in theAdult Mouse2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Stenerlöw, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Radiation Science.
    Fredriksson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Sundell-Bergman, Synnöve
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Fakulteten för naturresurser och lantbruksvetenskap, Institutionen för Mark och miljö.
    Viberg, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Neonatal exposure to a moderate dose of ionizing radiation causes behavioural defects and altered levels of tau protein in mice2014In: Neurotoxicology, ISSN 0161-813X, E-ISSN 1872-9711, Vol. 45, p. 48-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Medical use of ionizing radiation (IR) has great benefits for treatment and diagnostic imaging, butprocedures as computerized tomography (CT) may deliver a significant radiation dose to the patient.Recently, awareness has been raised about possible non-cancer consequences from low dose exposure toIR during critical phases of perinatal and/or neonatal brain development.In the present study neonatal NMRI mice were whole body irradiated with a single dose of gammaradiation (0; 350 and 500 mGy) on postnatal day 10 (PND 10). At 2 and 4 months of age, mice of bothsexes were observed for spontaneous behaviour in a novel home environment. The neuroproteinsCaMKII, GAP-43, synaptophysin and total tau in male mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus wereanalysed 24 h post-irradiation and in adults at 6 months of age exposed to 0 or 500 mGy on PND 10.A significantly dose-response related deranged spontaneous behaviour in 2- and 4-month-old micewas observed, where both males and females displayed a modified habituation, indicating reducedcognitive function. The dose of 350 mGy seems to be a tentative threshold. Six-month-old male miceshowed a significantly increased level of total tau in cerebral cortex after irradiation to 500 mGy compared to controls. This demonstrates that a single moderate dose of IR, given during a defined criticalperiod of brain development, is sufficient to cause persistently reduced cognitive function. Moreover, anelevation of tau protein was observed in male mice displaying reduced cognitive function.

  • 47.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Stenerlöw, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Radiation Science.
    Sundell-Bergman, S.
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil & Environm, Umea, Sweden.
    Fredriksson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Viberg, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Gordh, Torsten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Effects on adult cognitive function after neonatal exposure to clinically relevant doses of ionising radiation and ketamine in mice2018In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 120, no 3, p. 546-554Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Radiological methods for screening, diagnostics and therapy are frequently used in healthcare. In infants and children, anaesthesia/sedation is often used in these situations to relieve the patients' perception of stress or pain. Both ionising radiation (IR) and ketamine have been shown to induce developmental neurotoxic effects and this study aimed to identify the combined effects of these in a murine model. Methods: Male mice were exposed to a single dose of ketamine (7.5 mg kg(-1) body weight) s.c. on postnatal day 10. One hour after ketamine exposure, mice were whole body irradiated with 50-200 mGy gamma radiation (Cs-137). Behavioural observations were performed at 2, 4 and 5 months of age. At 6 months of age, cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue were analysed for neuroprotein levels. Results: Animals co-exposed to IR and ketamine displayed significant (P <= 0.01) lack of habituation in the spontaneous behaviour test, when compared with controls and single agent exposed mice. In the Morris Water Maze test, co-exposed animals showed significant (P <= 0.05) impaired learning and memory capacity in both the spatial acquisition task and the relearning test compared with controls and single agent exposed mice. Furthermore, in co-exposed mice a significantly (P <= 0.05) elevated level of tau protein in cerebral cortex was observed. Single agent exposure did not cause any significant effects on the investigated endpoints. Conclusion: Co-exposure to IR and ketamine can aggravate developmental neurotoxic effects at doses where the single agent exposure does not impact on the measured variables. These findings show that estimation of risk after paediatric low-dose IR exposure, based upon radiation dose alone, may underestimate the consequences for this vulnerable population.

  • 48.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Stenerlöw, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Sundell-Bergman, Synnöve
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Developmental coexposure to gamma-radiation and paraquat can exacerbate cognitive dysfunction in adult mice2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Stenerlöw, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Sundell-Bergman, Synnöve
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Fakulteten för naturresurser och lantbruksvetenskap, Institutionen för Mark och miljö.
    Fredriksson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Coexposure to gamma-radiation and nicotine during a critical period of neonatal brain development can excarebate cognitive defects in adult mice2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Buratovic, Sonja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Stenerlöw, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Sundell-Bergman, Synnöve
    Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Fakulteten för naturresurser och lantbruksvetenskap, Institutionen för Mark och miljö.
    Fredriksson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Eriksson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental toxicology.
    Cognitive defects and tau protein alterations in adult mice following neonatal low dose co-exposure to radiation and ketamine2014Conference paper (Refereed)
12345 1 - 50 of 231
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