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  • 1.
    Aarts, Clara
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Kylberg, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Hofvander, Yngve
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Gebre-Medhin, Meharigm
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Growth under privileged conditions of healthy Swedish infants exclusively breastfed from birth to 4-6 months:  a longitudinal prospective study based on daily records of feeding2003In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 92, no 2, p. 145-151Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim:

    In most studies the methodology used to study growth in relation to breastfeeding patterns cannot ensure that exclusive breastfeeding has in fact occurred since birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of healthy infants in Sweden in whom exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4–6 mo was ascertained through daily feeding records and to compare the results with the World Health Organization (WHO) “12-month breastfed pooled data set” and the Euro-Growth references for exclusively breastfed infants, as well as with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO reference.

    Methods:

    147 exclusively breastfed infants and 325 non-exclusively breastfed Swedish infants, with a birthweight of ≥3 kg, were included. The mothers had previous breastfed at least one infant for at least 4 mo. Weight was recorded fortnightly and length monthly.

    Results:

    Infants exclusively breastfed since birth showed similar growth in weight and height to that of the non-exclusively breastfed infants. During the first 6 mo of life the growth of exclusively breastfed infants was also similar to that of the infants regularly receiving formula at 12–16 wk of age, mostly in addition to breast milk. The monthly growth increments were fairly similar to those of the “WHO pooled breastfed data set” and the Euro-Growth references for exclusively breastfed infants.

    Conclusion:

    In an affluent society truly exclusively breastfed infants seem to have the same growth during the first half year of life as non-exclusively breastfed infants with a high breastfeeding rate.

  • 2.
    Aarts, Clara
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Kylberg, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Hornell, A
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Hofvander, Yngve
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Gebre-Medhin, Mehari
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Greiner, Ted
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    How exclusive is exclusive breastfeeding? A comparison of data since birth with current status data:  2000In: International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, E-ISSN 1464-3685, Vol. 29, no 6, p. 1041-1046Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    There is no accepted and widely used indicator for exclusive breastfeeding since birth. Indeed, the difference between 'current status' data on exclusive breastfeeding and data on 'exclusive breastfeeding since birth' is rarely recognized. We used data from a longitudinal study to examine this issue.

    METHODS:

    A descriptive longitudinal, prospective study design was used in which 506 mother-infant pairs were included. The mothers completed daily recordings on infant feeding during the first nine months after birth. A research assistant conducted fortnightly home visits with structured interviews. The resulting data on breastfeeding patterns are presented in two different ways: analysis of 'current status' data based on a single 24-hour recording of infant feeding at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, and analysis of data 'since birth', i.e. data on infant feeding for every day, starting from birth until the ages of 2, 4 and 6 months.

    RESULTS:

    A wide discrepancy between the results obtained from the two analyses was found. The difference in the exclusive breastfeeding rate was over 40 percentage points at both 2 and 4 months of age (92% versus 51% at 2 months and 73% versus 30% at 4 months) and 9 percentage points at 6 months (11% versus 1.8%).

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Current status indicators based on a 24-hour period may be inadequate and even misleading for many purposes. We propose that in many studies an indicator called 'exclusive breastfeeding since birth' could be added.

  • 3.
    Abdi Ali Ahmed, Yousra
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Factors associated with utilization of Antenatal Care in Zambia.: A secondary analysis of 2018 Zambia Demographic Health Survey2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    ANC comprises of trainings and treatments provided to promote a healthy pregnancy, labour and child delivery. Any complications or issues with pregnancy are identified during ANC visits. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the factors which affect the basic antenatal care utilization by women in Zambia and to give an overall view of the status of women in the country with the 2018 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS).

    Method

    After the correlations were found, bivariate logistic regression was done with all exposure variables against the dependent variable. A multivariate analysis was conducted with significant variable against the dependent variable, in order to find the association between the variables.

    Result

    The type of place of residence was significant as well as education which showed lower education was associated with lower basic ANC use. Wealth also demonstrated a negative association to basic ANC visits for poor and for the middle class. Working women had a higher likelihood of attending basic ANC along with those who attended ANC with a doctor and nurse or midwife. To not have a health insurance showed a lower likelihood to attend basic ANC visits

    Conclusion

    The study found that factors such as type of place of residence, education, wealth, occupation, health insurance coverage and ANC with doctor, midwife or nurse are associated with utilization of basic ANC in Zambia among women aged between 15-49.

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  • 4.
    Abdulcadir, Jasmine
    et al.
    Outpatient Clinic for Women with FGM/C, Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals.
    Abdulcadir, Omar
    Referral Centre for Preventing and Curing Female Genital Mutilation, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
    Caillet, Martin
    Outpatient Clinic for Women with FGM/C, Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals.
    Catania, Lucrezia
    Referral Centre for Preventing and Curing Female Genital Mutilation, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
    Cuzin, Béatrice
    Division of Urology and Transplantation, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France.
    Essén, Birgitta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Foldès, Pierre
    Institute of Reproductive Health, Saint Germain en Laye, Paris, France.
    Johnsdotter, Sara
    Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Johnson-Agbakwu, Crista
    Refugee Women's Health Clinic, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maricopa Integrated Health System.
    Nour, Nawal
    Global Ob/Gyn and African Women's Health Center, Ambulatory Obstetrics, Office for Multicultural Careers, Division of Global Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital.
    Ouedraogo, Charlemagne
    University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
    Warren, Nicole
    Department of Community Public Health Nursing, John Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
    Wylomanski, Sophie
    Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.
    Clitoral Surgery After Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting2017In: Aesthetic surgery journal, ISSN 1090-820X, E-ISSN 1527-330X, Vol. 37, no 9, p. NP113-NP115Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Abdulcadir, Jasmine
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.
    Ahmadu, Fuambai Sia
    Catania, Lucrezia
    Essén, Birgitta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Gruenbaum, Ellen
    Johnsdotter, Sara
    Johnson, Michelle C.
    Johnson-Agbakwu, Crista
    Kratz, Corinne
    Sulkin, Carlos Londoño
    McKinley, Michelle
    Njambi, Wairimu
    Rogers, Juliet
    Shell-Duncan, Bettina
    Shweder, Richard A.
    Human Development, University of Chicago, Illinois.
    Seven things to know about female genital surgeries in Africa2012In: The Hastings center report, ISSN 0093-0334, E-ISSN 1552-146X, Vol. 42, no 6, p. 19-27Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Abeid, Muzdalifat
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania .
    Muganyizi, Projestine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania .
    Massawe, Siriel
    Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Mpembeni, Rose
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Darj, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Axemo, Pia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway .
    Knowledge and attitude towards rape and child sexual abuse - a community-based cross-sectional study in Rural Tanzania2015In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 15, no 1, article id 428Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Violence against women and children is globally recognized as a social and human rights concern. In Tanzania, sexual violence towards women and children is a public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine community knowledge of and attitudes towards rape and child sexual abuse, and assess associations between knowledge and attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken between May and June 2012. The study was conducted in the Kilombero and Ulanga rural districts in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania. Men and women aged 18-49 years were eligible for the study. Through a three-stage cluster sampling strategy, a household survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes about gender roles and violence, and knowledge on health consequences of rape. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21. Main outcome measures were knowledge of and attitudes towards sexual violence. Multivariate analyses were used to assess associations between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of and attitudes towards sexual violence.

    RESULTS: A total of 1,568 participants were interviewed. The majority (58.4%) of participants were women. Most (58.3%) of the women respondents had poor knowledge on sexual violence and 63.8% had accepting attitudes towards sexual violence. Those who were married were significantly more likely to have good knowledge on sexual violence compared to the divorced/separated group (AOR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.2)) but less likely to have non-accepting attitudes towards sexual violence compared to the single group (AOR = 1.8 (95%CI: 1.4-2.3)). Sex of respondents, age, marital status and level of education were associated with knowledge and attitudes towards sexual violence.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that these rural communities have poor knowledge on sexual violence and have accepting attitudes towards sexual violence. Increasing age and higher education were associated with better knowledge and less accepting attitudes towards sexual violence. The findings have potentially important implications for interventions aimed at preventing violence. The results highlight the challenges associated with changing attitudes towards sexual violence, particularly as the highest levels of support for such violence were found among women.

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  • 7.
    Abeid, Muzdalifat
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania.
    Muganyizi, Projestine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania.
    Mpembeni, Rose
    Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania.
    Darj, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    Axemo, Pia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    A community-based intervention for improving health-seeking behavior among sexual violence survivors: A controlled before and after design study in rural Tanzania2015In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 8, article id 28608Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Despite global recognition that sexual violence is a violation of human rights, evidence still shows it is a pervasive problem across all societies. Promising community intervention studies in the low- and middle-income countries are limited.

    Objective: This study assessed the impact of a community-based intervention, focusing on improving the community’s knowledge and reducing social acceptability of violence against women norms with the goal to prevent and respond to sexual violence.

    Design: The strategies used to create awareness included radio programs, information, education communication materials and advocacy meetings with local leaders. The intervention took place in Morogoro region in Tanzania. The evaluation used a quasi-experimental design including cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2012) and endline (2014) with men and women aged 18-49. Main outcome measures were number of reported rape cases at health facilities and the community’s knowledge and attitudes towards sexual violence.

    Results: The number of reported rape events increased by more than 50% at health facilities during the intervention. Knowledge on sexual violence increased significantly in both areas over the study period (from 57.3% to 80.6% in the intervention area and from 55.5% to 71.9% in the comparison area; p<.001), and the net effect of the intervention between the two areas was statistically significant (6.9, 95% CI 0.2–13.5, p= 0.03). There was significant improvement in most of attitude indicators in the intervention area, but not in the comparison area. However, the intervention had no significant effect in the overall scores of acceptance attitudes in the final assessment when comparing the two areas (-2.4, 95%CI: -8.4 – 3.6, p= 0.42).

    Conclusions: The intervention had an effect on some indicators on knowledge and attitudes towards sexual violence even after a short period of intervention. This finding informs the public health practitioners of the importance of combined strategies in achieving changes.

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  • 8.
    Abeid, Muzdalifat
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). MUHAS, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Muganyizi, Projestine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). MUHAS, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Mpembeni, Rose
    MUHAS, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Darj, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth & Gen Practice, Trondheim, Norway.
    Axemo, Pia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Evaluation of a training program for health care workers to improve the quality of care for rape survivors: a quasi-experimental design study in Morogoro, Tanzania2016In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 9, article id 31735Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Sexual violence against women and children in Tanzania and globally is a human rights violation and a developmental challenge.

    OBJECTIVE:

    The aim of this study was to assess the impact of training health professionals on rape management. The specific objectives were to evaluate the changes of knowledge and attitudes toward sexual violence among a selected population of health professionals at primary health care level.

    DESIGN:

    A quasi-experimental design using cross-sectional surveys was conducted to evaluate health care workers' knowledge, attitude, and clinical practice toward sexual violence before and after the training program. The study involved the Kilombero (intervention) and Ulanga (comparison) districts in Morogoro region. A total of 151 health professionals at baseline (2012) and 169 in the final assessment (2014) participated in the survey. Data were collected using the same structured questionnaire. The amount of change in key indicators from baseline to final assessment in the two areas was compared using composite scores in the pre- and post-interventions, and the net intervention effect was calculated by the difference in difference method.

    RESULTS:

    Overall, there was improved knowledge in the intervention district from 55% at baseline to 86% and a decreased knowledge from 58.5 to 36.2% in the comparison area with a net effect of 53.7% and a p-value less than 0.0001. The proportion of participants who exhibited an accepting attitude toward violence declined from 15.3 to 11.2% in the intervention area but increased from 13.2 to 20.0% in the comparison area.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Training on the management of sexual violence is feasible and the results indicate improvement in healthcare workers' knowledge and practice but not attitudes. Lessons learned from this study for successful replication of such an intervention in similar settings require commitment from those at strategic level within the health service to ensure that adequate resources are made available.

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  • 9.
    Abuelgasim, Khalda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
     “Who do I turn to?” The experiences of Sudanese women and Eritrean refugee women when trying to access healthcare services in Sudan after being subject to gender-based violence2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To explore the experiences of Sudanese women and Eritrean refugee women in Sudan when seeking healthcare after being subject to gender-based violence.

    Background: In Sudan there is a general assumption that anyone who is subject violence, including gender-based violence, must first go to the police department to file a report and be given “Form Eight”, a legal document, which they must present to the healthcare provider before they receive any care. Without this form healthcare providers are, supposedly, by law not allowed to treat the person. This complicates an already vague system of services for women subject to gender-based violence.

    Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews of eight Sudanese women and seven Eritrean refugee women. Data was analyzed through a framework analysis (a form of thematic analysis).

    Results: Women had to bring Form Eight before they received any help, this led to a delay in the time to receive care. There was a general lack of cooperation by police officers. Some women feared the consequences of help seeking, apparent amongst those subject to domestic violence and the Eritrean refugee women. Generally, the healthcare provided to these women was inadequate.

    Conclusion: This study concludes the experiences of all the women in this study when seeking healthcare after being subject to gender-based violence were far from international standards. A lot needs to be done in order for women to know the clear answer to the question posed in the title of this study; “Who do I turn to?”.

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  • 10.
    Adams, Emma A.
    et al.
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU, Dept Publ Hlth & Nursing, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;Ontario Shores Ctr Mental Hlth Sci, Strateg Initiat, Whitby, ON, Canada.
    Darj, Elisabeth
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU, Dept Publ Hlth & Nursing, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;St Olavs Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Trondheim, Norway.
    Wijewardene, Kumudu
    Univ Sri Jayewardenepura, Fac Med Sci, Dept Community Med Hlth, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
    Infanti, Jennifer J.
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU, Dept Publ Hlth & Nursing, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
    Perceptions on the sexual harassment of female nurses in a state hospital in Sri Lanka: a qualitative study2019In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 1560587Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Sexual harassment occurs within the nursing profession globally, challenging the health and safety of nurses and the quality and efficiency of health systems. In Sri Lanka, no studies have explored this issue in the health sector; however, female employees face sexual harassment in other workplace settings.

    Objective:

    To explore female nurses' perceptions of workplace sexual harassment in a large state hospital in Sri Lanka.

    Methods:

    This is a qualitative study conducted in an urban, mainly Buddhist and Singhalese context. We invited all female senior and ward nurses working in the hospital to participate in the study. We conducted individual in-depth interviews with four senior nurses and focus group discussions with 29 nurses in three groups.

    Results:

    The nurses described a variety of perceived forms of sexual harassment in the hospital. They discussed patient-perpetrated incidents as the most threatening and the clearest to identify compared with incidents involving doctors and other co-workers. There was significant ambiguity regarding sexual consent and coercion in relationships between female nurses and male doctors, which were described as holding potential for exploitation or harassment. The nurses reported that typical reactions to sexual harassment were passive. Alternatively, they described encountering inaction or victim blaming when they attempted to formally report incidents. They perceived that workplace sexual harassment has contributed to negative societal attitudes about the nursing profession and discussed various informal strategies, such as working in teams, to protect themselves from sexual harassment in the hospital.

    Conclusions:

    Sexual harassment was a perceived workplace concern for nurses in this hospital. To develop effective local prevention and intervention responses, further research is required to determine the magnitude of the problem and explore differences in responses to and consequences of sexual harassment based on perpetrator type and intent, and personal vulnerabilities of the victims, among other factors.

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  • 11.
    Adel, Rabie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Challenges facing Pro-life and Pro-choice organisations within Warsaw, Poland2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 12. Adeniran, Abosede
    et al.
    Likaka, Andrew
    Knutsson, Anneka
    Costello, Anthony
    Daelmans, Bernadette
    Maliqi, Blerta
    Burssa, Daniel
    Freer, Joseph
    Askew, Ian
    Bowen, Lisa
    Kak, Lily
    McDougall, Lori
    Zaka, Nabila
    Tunçalp, Özge
    Tenhoope-Bender, Petra
    Syed, Shamsuzzoha Babar
    Swartling Peterson, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Luchesi, Thiago
    Zeck, Willibald
    Were, Wilson
    Barker, Pierre
    Naimy, Zainab
    Leadership, action, learning and accountability to deliver quality care for women, newborns and children.2018In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization, ISSN 0042-9686, E-ISSN 1564-0604, Vol. 96, no 3, p. 222-224Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Adolphson, Katja
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Axemo, Pia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Högberg, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Midwives' experiences of working conditions, perceptions of professional role and attitudes towards mothers in Mozambique2016In: Midwifery, ISSN 0266-6138, E-ISSN 1532-3099, Vol. 40, p. 95-101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: low- and middle-income countries still have a long way to go to reach the fifth Millennium Development Goal of reducing maternal mortality. Mozambique has accomplished a reduction of maternal mortality since the 1990s, but still has among the highest in the world. A key strategy in reducing maternal mortality is to invest in midwifery. AIM: the objective was to explore midwives' perspectives of their working conditions, their professional role, and perceptions of attitudes towards mothers in a low-resource setting. SETTING: midwives in urban, suburban, village and remote areas; working in central, general and rural hospitals as well as health centres and health posts were interviewed in Maputo City, Maputo Province and Gaza Province in Mozambique. METHOD: the study had a qualitative research design. Nine semi-structured interviews and one follow-up interview were conducted and analysed with qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: two main themes were found; commitment/devotion and lack of resources. All informants described empathic care-giving, with deep engagement with the mothers and highly valued working in teams. Lack of resources prevented the midwives from providing care and created frustration and feelings of insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS: the midwives perceptions were that they tried to provide empathic, responsive care on their own within a weak health system which created many difficulties. The great potential the midwives possess of providing quality care must be valued and nurtured for their competency to be used more effectively.

  • 14.
    Agumeneitwe, Herbert
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    A cross-sectional study examining the association between maternal education and childhood (12-23 months) immunization in Uganda2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Complete childhood Immunization remains the most effective way for prevention of Vaccine Preventable Diseases. The 2016 Uganda Demography Health Survey (UDHS) reported that only 55% of children aged 12-23 months had been fully vaccinated. The relationship between maternal education and childhood immunization among Ugandan children remains unclear with most of the studies done being limited in scope.

    Objective: To investigate the association between maternal education and childhood immunization in Uganda.

    Methods: This study was based on analysis of data from the UDHS. The study included 2815 children aged 12 – 23 months. Permission and data to conduct the analyses was sought from the DHS Program website. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess association between the maternal education and full immunization. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Results: Association between maternal education and childhood immunization was statistically significant (Primary Education - OR = 0.50 95%CI: 0.32 - 0.77, P value = 0.002 and Secondary Education – OR = 0.62 95%CI: 0.39 – 0.97, P value = 0.038). ANC visits, possession of a Child Health Card also had a strong effect on Childhood Immunization.

    Conclusion: Lower maternal education is associated with reduced completion of childhood immunization. To promote childhood immunization Parents with education lower than Secondary School should be targeted and the usefulness of ANC visits should be emphasized.

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    AGUMENEITWE RESEARCH
  • 15.
    Ahlberg, Beth Maina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Njoroge, Kezia Muthoni
    School of Health, Community of Education Studies, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
    'Not men enough to rule!': politicization of ethnicities and forcible circumcision of Luo men during the postelection violence in Kenya2013In: Ethnicity and Health, ISSN 1355-7858, E-ISSN 1465-3419, Vol. 18, no 5, p. 454-468Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    As a contribution to ongoing research addressing sexual violence in war and conflict situations in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and Rwanda, this paper argues that the way sexual violence intersects with other markers of identity, including ethnicity and class, is not clearly articulated. Male circumcision has been popularized, as a public health strategy for prevention of HIV transmission, although evidence of its efficacy is disputable and insufficient attention has been given to the social and cultural implications of male circumcision.

    Methods

    This paper draws from media reporting and the material supporting the prosecutor at the International Criminal Court case against four Kenyans accused of crimes against humanity, to explore the postelection violence, especially forcible male circumcision.

    Results

    During the postelection violence in Kenya, women were, as in other conflict situations, raped. In addition, men largely from the Luo ethnic group were forcibly circumcised. Male circumcision among the Gikuyu people is a rite of passage, but when forced upon the Luo men, it was also associated with cases of castration and other forms of genital mutilation. The aim appears to have been to humiliate and terrorize not just the individual men, but their entire communities. The paper examines male circumcision and questions why a ritual that has marked a life-course transition for inculcating ethical analysis of the self and others, became a tool of violence against men from an ethnic group where male circumcision is not a cultural practice.

    Conclusion

    The paper then reviews the persistence and change in the ritual and more specifically, how male circumcision has become, not just a sexual health risk, but, contrary to the emerging health discourse and more significantly, a politicized ethnic tool and a status symbol among the Gikuyu elite. In the view of the way male circumcision was perpetrated in Kenya, we argue it should be considered as sexual violence, with far-reaching consequences for men's physical and mental health.

  • 16.
    Ahmad, Abeer Salah
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Development Assistance for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR): Descriptive analysis of disbursements by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) for 2010-2018 using a developed tracking model2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: After 25 years from the International Conference on Population and Development in Beijing, women and adolescents around the world are still not able to access Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) services. Investing in development assistance is viewed as a way of improving access to SRHR and attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. However, there is limited knowledge of how aid is disbursed, and there is a lack of well-defined SRHR categories that can guide aid interventions.

    Aim: To contribute to the understanding of SRHR disbursements of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) through developing a comprehensive SRHR aid tracking model. 

    Methods: A model that categorises SRHR was developed (The Intervention Comprehensive SRHR Intervention Tracker “ICIT”). Then, Sida’s disbursements for 2010-2018 were analysed and categorised using the ICIT model and Guttmacher Essential Package of Intervention (GEPI).

    Result: SRHR disbursements have been increasing reaching to MSEK 1603 in 2018. Disbursements to sexual health-related infectious diseases have been dramatically decreasing while disbursements allocated to combat gender-based violence are increasing. However,  SRHR-related non-communicable diseases were the least targeted. Finally, the ICIT model included categories that were missing in GEPI.

    Conclusion: Sida’s disbursements have covered a wide variety of SRHR services; however, further research is recommended to study the least funded areas. Also, the study highlighted the need to improve SRHR aid reporting. The ICIT model analysed SRHR fund in a more comprehensive approach than GEPI; however, its limitations need further validation which might guide future tracking models.

  • 17.
    Ahmed, Ayeda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Association of sickle cell disease with nutritional status among under-five children: a secondary analysis of Nigeria demographic and health survey 2018 data.2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Background

    Malnutrition in childhood brings lots of difficulties that hinder to lead a healthy life. Nigeria is one of the most populous country in Africa has record of largest number of children suffered from chronic malnutrition under five years age. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common haemoglobinopathy which occurs in Nigerian children. The aim of the present study is towards recognize the nutritional status of children sufferings from SCD and findings association with other socio-economic characteristics.

    Method

    A population based cross sectional survey was performed and total 11,243 children were selected for anthropometric measurement, hemoglobin test and genotype test. A two- stage stratified cluster sampling was applied in this study and using biomarker questionnaire support to collect data. Finally, multivariable logistic regression was used to discovery association between SCD children with stunting and wasting combined with other socio-economic characteristics.

    Result

    Children with sickle cell disease had significantly higher odds (aOR =1.47;95% confidence interval (CI) : 1.13-1.91)  of stunting compared children with non-sickle cell disease .Conferring to gender, female children had significantly lower odds (aOR = 0.74,95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.68-0-81) of stunting compared with male children. Children from richest group had significantly lower odds (aOR=0.34;95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.41) of stunting compared with the poorest group. There was no significant association observed between wasting and children with sickle cell disease.

    Conclusion

    The results indicate that SCD places a nutritional burden on affected under five children in Nigeria. Higher number of SCD affected children were suffering from stunting compare to healthy children. However, there was no significant difference on wasting between SCD and healthy children. 

     

     

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    Ambreen
  • 18.
    Ahmed, Munmun
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Factors associated with the place of delivery among ever-married women in Bangladesh: A secondary analysis of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 20142020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Background: Although the maternal mortality ratio has dropped globally, the ratio is still unacceptably high in many low and lower-middle-income countries, like Bangladesh. Maternal deaths can occur from preventable complications due to pregnancy and childbirth. Delivery at a health institution was proven to be one of the key interventions to minimize maternal mortality. This study aimed at investigating the associations between the socio-demographic and healthcare-related factors, and the place of delivery among ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. 

    Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 4487 ever-married women, aged 15-49 years. Data were extracted from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. To investigate the associations, multivariate logistic regression was performed.  

    Results: Of the 4487 ever-married women, 1794 (40%) gave birth by institutional delivery. Multivariate logistic regression showed that wealthier women, attending secondary or above education levels, and whose husbands had primary or above education were more likely to deliver at health institutions. Women who received counselling about danger signs and attended at least one or more ANC visits during pregnancy had higher odds of institutional delivery. Women living in rural areas, following Islam religion, and who were currently working were less likely to deliver at health institutions.

    Conclusion: The current study revealed that the socio-demographic and healthcare-related factors were associated with the place of delivery among ever-married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh.  

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  • 19.
    Ahrne, Malin
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Tomtebodavagen 18A,8th Floor, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Shytt, Erica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Center for Clinical Research Dalarna. Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Tomtebodavagen 18A,8th Floor, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;Western Norway Univ Appl Sci, Fac Hlth & Social Sci, Haugesund, Norway.
    Andersson, Ewa
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Tomtebodavagen 18A,8th Floor, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Small, Rhonda
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Tomtebodavagen 18A,8th Floor, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;La Trobe Univ, Judith Lumley Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
    Adan, Aisha
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Tomtebodavagen 18A,8th Floor, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Essén, Birgitta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Byrskog, Ulrika
    Dalarna Univ, Sch Educ Hlth & Social Studies, Falun, Sweden.
    Antenatal care for Somali-born women in Sweden: Perspectives from mothers, fathers and midwives2019In: Midwifery, ISSN 0266-6138, E-ISSN 1532-3099, Vol. 74, p. 107-115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective:

    To explore Somali-born parents' experiences of antenatal care in Sweden, antenatal care midwives' experiences of caring for Somali-born parents, and their respective ideas about group antenatal care for Somali-born parents.

    Design:

    Eight focus group discussions with 2-8 participants in each were conducted, three with Somaliborn mothers, two with fathers and three with antenatal care midwives. The transcribed text was analysed using Attride-Stirling's tool "Thematic networks".

    Setting:

    Two towns in mid-Sweden and a suburb of the capital city of Sweden. Participants: Mothers (n = 16), fathers (n = 13) and midwives (n = 7) were recruited using purposeful sampling.

    Findings:

    Somali-born mothers and fathers in Sweden were content with many aspects of antenatal care, but they also faced barriers. Challenges in the midwife-parent encounter related to tailoring of care to individual needs, dealing with stereotypes, addressing varied levels of health literacy, overcoming communication barriers and enabling partner involvement. Health system challenges related to accessibility of care, limited resources, and the need for clear, but flexible routines and supportive structures for parent education. Midwives confirmed these challenges and tried to address them but sometimes lacked the support, resources and tools to do so. Mothers, fathers and midwives thought that language-supported group antenatal care might help to improve communication, provide mutual support and enable better dialogue, but they were concerned that group care should still allow privacy when needed and not stereotype families according to their country of birth.

    Key conclusions:

    ANC interventions targeting inequalities between migrants and non-migrants may benefit from embracing a person-centred approach, as a means to counteract stereotypes, misunderstandings and prejudice. Group antenatal care has the potential to provide a platform for person-centred care and has other potential benefits in providing high-quality antenatal care for sub-groups that tend to receive less or poor quality care. Further research on how to address stereotypes and implicit bias in maternity care in the Swedish context is needed. (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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  • 20.
    Ahsan, Rumana
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Association of self-reported different aspects of workplace environment and general wellbeing with maximum workload – A cross- sectional study2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 80 credits / 120 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and similarly in United Kingdom (UK), accounting for 31% and 45% annual deaths respectively. Workplace environment consists of different elements (e.g.- physical and psychosocial environment, intra and extra organizational settings) and interrelationship of employer and employee, playing an important role on workers’ health. Current study aims to identify the association of different aspects of workplace environment and general wellbeing with maximum workload (MW) in a working population in UK.

    Method

    A cross-sectional study has been done including a total of 77,781 working people aged 39 to 72 years old who participated voluntarily in the UK Biobank baseline assessment cohort study. Exposures were selfreported that included information about both physical and psychosocial aspects of workplace environment and general well-being. The outcome variable was maximum workload calculated during electrocardiogram (ECG) stress test. Three different statistical models were tested through ordinal logistic regressions using the SPSS software.

    Results

    No/low health satisfaction was associated with reduction in maximum workload and this association was constant in all analytical model, both in crude (B -0.786, 95% CI -0.825, -0.748) and adjusted models (B -0.866, 95% CI -0.910, -0.823). Other variables regarding different aspects of workplace environment and well-being showed no statistically significant result on the adjusted models.

    Conclusion

    Health satisfaction may be considered as an important determinant of CVD among middle and old-aged working population. Future research required to establish the result and to formulate preventive measures in workplace for better health outcome of workers.

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    Thesis project
  • 21.
    Alfven, Tobias
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Tomtebodavagen 18 A, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; South Gen Hosp, SachsChildren & Youth Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dahlstrand, Johan
    Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SIGHT, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Humphreys, David
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Gothenburg, Sweden;Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;Townsville Hosp & Hlth Serv, Emergency Dept, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
    Hellden, Daniel
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Tomtebodavagen 18 A, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hammarstrand, Sofia
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hollander, Anna-Clara
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Psychiat Condit Subst Use & Social Envi, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Målqvist, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Global Health Research on Implementation and Sustainability.
    Nejat, Sahar
    South Gen Hosp, Sachs Children & Youth Hosp, Paediat Publ Hlth Dept, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jorgensen, Peter Sogaard
    Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Friberg, Peter
    Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SIGHT, Stockholm, Sweden;Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Med, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Tomson, Goran
    Royal Swedish Acad Sci, SIGHT, Stockholm, Sweden;Karolinska Inst, Dept Learning Informat Management & Eth, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Placing children and adolescents at the centre of the Sustainable Development Goals will deliver for current and future generations2019In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 1670015Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Child health is taking the back seat in development strategies. In summarising a newly released collaborative report, this paper calls for a novel conceptual model where child health takes centre stage in relation to the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals. It lays out five principles by which renewed effort and focus would yield the most benefit for children and adolescents. These include: re-defining global child health in the post-2015 era by placing children and adolescents at the centre of the Sustainable Development Goals; striving for equity; realising the rights of the child to thrive throughout the life-course; facilitating evidence informed policy-making and implementation; and capitalising on interlinkages within the SDGs to galvanise multisectoral action. These five principles offer models that together have the potential of improving design, return and quality of global child health programs while re-energising the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 22. Alfvén, T.
    et al.
    Axelson, H.
    Rand, A. L.
    Peterson, S. S.
    Persson, Lars-Åke
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Dödligheten minskar, men fortfarande dör 7 miljoner barn varje år2013In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 110, no 1-2, p. 28-30Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23. Alfvén, Tobias
    et al.
    Axelson, Henrik
    Lindstrand, Ann
    Peterson, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Persson, Lars-Ake
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Dödligheten minskar, men fortfarande dör 7 miljoner barn varje år2013In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 110, no 1-2, p. 28-30Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Millenniemål 4 lyder: »Barnadödligheten under de fem första levnadsåren ska minska med två tredjedelar till 2015 jämfört med år 1990«.

    Barnadödligheten minskar i ­stora delar av världen, men inte i tillräckligt snabb takt för att uppnå målet. Den skiljer sig också kraftigt mellan länder och mellan olika grupper inom länderna.

    Sex dödsorsaker står för mer än 90 procent av alla dödsfall före 5 års ålder: neonatal mortalitet, lunginflammation, diarré, ­malaria, mässling och HIV/aids. ­Undernäring beräknas vara ­delorsak till cirka en tredjedel av dessa dödsfall.

    Vi har kunskap och metoder att med kostnadseffektiva lösningar reducera barnadödligheten med två tredjedelar. Fortsatt inter­nationellt samarbete, utökade ­resurser samt lokal, nationell po­litisk vilja krävs för att lyckas.

  • 24.
    Algady, Walid
    et al.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Genet & Genome Biol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
    Louzada, Sandra
    Wellcome Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England.
    Carpenter, Danielle
    Univ Leicester, Dept Genet & Genome Biol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
    Brajer, Paulina
    Univ Leicester, Dept Genet & Genome Biol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
    Farnert, Anna
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Solna, Div Infect Dis, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rooth, Ingegerd
    Natl Inst Med Res, Nyamisati Malaria Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Ngasala, Billy
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition. Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Parasitol & Med Entomol, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
    Yang, Fengtang
    Wellcome Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England.
    Shaw, Marie-Anne
    Univ Leeds, Leeds Inst Med Res St Jamess, Leeds LS9 7TF, W Yorkshire, England.
    Hollox, Edward J.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Genet & Genome Biol, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
    The Malaria-Protective Human Glycophorin Structural Variant DUP4 Shows Somatic Mosaicism and Association with Hemoglobin Levels2018In: American Journal of Human Genetics, ISSN 0002-9297, E-ISSN 1537-6605, Vol. 103, no 5, p. 769-776Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Glycophorin A and glycophorin B are red blood cell surface proteins and are both receptors for the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which is the principal cause of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. DUP4 is a complex structural genomic variant that carries extra copies of a glycophorin A-glycophorin B fusion gene and has a dramatic effect on malaria risk by reducing the risk of severe malaria by up to 40%. Using fiber-FISH and Illumina sequencing, we validate the structural arrangement of the glycophorin locus in the DUP4 variant and reveal somatic variation in copy number of the glycophorin B-glycophorin A fusion gene. By developing a simple, specific, PCR-based assay for DUP4, we show that the DUP4 variant reaches a frequency of 13% in the population of a malaria-endemic village in southeastern Tanzania. We genotype a substantial proportion of that village and demonstrate an association of DUP4 genotype with hemoglobin levels, a phenotype related to malaria, using a family-based association test. Taken together, we show that DUP4 is a complex structural variant that may be susceptible to somatic variation and show that DUP4 is associated with a malarial-related phenotype in a longitudinally followed population.

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  • 25.
    Ali, Munazzah
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Association between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight. A secondary analysis of Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017-18.2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    It is estimated that about 22% of all births in Pakistan are low birth weight (<2500g), representing approximately 198,000 births per year. One of the major causes of low birth weight is maternal anemia. In Pakistan approximately 52% of pregnant women are anemic and one of the most common cause of maternal anemia is soil-transmitted helminthic infection. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is endemic in Pakistan carries the highest burden of infection in Eastern Mediterranean region. Despite the recommendations deworming the mother during pregnancy is not being commonly practiced in routine antenatal care.

    We hypothesized that there is an association between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight. For this study, cross sectional analysis of secondary data from the latest Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS conducted in 2017-18 and released in 2019) was done. Total N=1403 mother and child were included, logistic regression was used to determine the association between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight after adjusting for potential confounders. 

    We found no statistically significant association [aOR 0.63, 95% CI (0.21-1.83)] between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight. Moreover the mothers who belonged to higher socioeconomic status [aOR 0.41, 95% CI (0.22- .76)] and attained higher education [aOR 0.55, 95% CI (0.34- .87)] had reduced odds of having a new born with low birth weight compared to newborn of the women from low socioeconomic status and had no education, respectively. Further research is needed to explore effectiveness of deworming during pregnancy at population level.

     

     

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  • 26. Allen, Elizabeth Palchik
    et al.
    Muhwezi, Wilson Winstons
    Henriksson, Dorcus Kiwanuka
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden..
    Mbonye, Anthony Kabanza
    Health facility management and access: a qualitative analysis of challenges to seeking healthcare for children under five in Uganda2017In: Health Policy and Planning, ISSN 0268-1080, E-ISSN 1460-2237, Vol. 32, no 7, p. 934-942Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While several studies have documented the various barriers that caretakers of children under five routinely confront when seeking healthcare in Uganda, few have sought to capture the ways in which caretakers themselves prioritize their own barriers to seeking services. To that end, we asked focus groups of caretakers to list their five greatest challenges to seeking care on behalf of children under five. Using qualitative content analysis, we grouped responses according to four categories: (1) geographical access barriers; (2) facility supplies, staffing, and infrastructural barriers; (3) facility management and administration barriers (e.g. health worker professionalism, absenteeism and customer care); and (4) household barriers related to financial circumstances, domestic conflicts with male partners and a stated lack of knowledge about health-related issues. Among all focus groups, caretakers mentioned supplies, staffing and infrastructure barriers most often and facility management and administration barriers the least. Caretakers living furthest from public facilities (8-10 km) more commonly mentioned geographical barriers to care and barriers related to financial and other personal circumstances. Caretakers who lived closest to health facilities mentioned facility management and administration barriers twice as often as those who lived further away. While targeting managerial barriers is vitally important-and increasingly popular among national planners and donors-it should be done while recognizing that alleviating such barriers may have a more muted effect on caretakers who are geographically harder to reach - and by extension, those whose children have an increased risk of mortality. In light of calls for greater equity in child survival programming - and given the limited resource envelopes that policymakers often have at their disposal - attention to the barriers considered most vital among caretakers in different settings should be weighed.

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  • 27.
    Allvin, Marie Klingberg
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Atuhairwe, S
    Cleeve, A
    Byamugisha, J K
    Larsson, Elin C.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Makenzius, M
    Oguttu, M
    Gemzell-Danielsson, K
    Co-creation to scale up provision of simplified high-quality comprehensive abortion care in East Central and Southern Africa.2018In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 1490106Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Universal access to comprehensive abortion care (CAC) is a reproductive right and is essential to reduce preventable maternal mortality and morbidity. In East Africa, abortion rates are consistently high, and the vast majority of all abortions are unsafe, significantly contributing to unnecessary mortality and morbidity. The current debate article reflects and summarises key action points required to continue to speed the implementation of and expand access to CAC in the East, Central, and Southern African (ECSA) health community. To ensure universal access to quality CAC, a regional platform could facilitate the sharing of best practices and successful examples from the region, which would help to visualise opportunities. Such a platform could also identify innovative ways to secure women's access to quality care within legally restrictive environments and would provide information and capacity building through the sharing of recent scientific evidence, guidelines, and training programmes aimed at increasing women's access to CAC at the lowest effective level in the healthcare system. This type of infrastructure for exchanging information and developing co-creation could be crucial to advancing the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 agenda.

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  • 28.
    Allwell-Brown, Gbemisola
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Individual and household-level determinants of malaria infection in under-5 children from north-west and southern Nigeria: A cross-sectional comparative study based on the 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Nigeria has the highest malaria burden worldwide. The 2010 and 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Surveys (NMIS) suggest an improvement in malaria indicators, with the North West zone lagging behind. This study aimed to identify the individual and household-level malaria determinants in north-west and southern Nigeria, using Rapid Diagnostic Testing (RDT) and microscopy for malaria diagnosis.

    Methods

    Data on 3,358 children aged 6-59 months from north-west and southern Nigeria from the 2015 NMIS was used. The two populations were compared using chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis was done for determinants of malaria infection, based on RDT and microscopic malaria test results.

    Results

    Malaria prevalence by RDT in the north-west and south was 55.8% and 29.2%, respectively (37.0% and 14.9%, respectively by microscopy). In both populations, a higher age, positive RDT in an additional household member and rural residence increased the odds of malaria infection; while higher education of the head of household and greater household wealth lowered the odds of malaria infection. Household clustering of RDT-positive cases appeared to be stronger in the south compared to the north-west. There were no statistically significant differences between the results using RDT or microscopy.

    Conclusion

    Irrespective of the diagnostic tool used, malaria determinants were similar in north-west and southern Nigeria. However, poorer social circumstances were observed in the north-west, and may account for the delayed progress in malaria control in the region. There may be a need to intensify malaria control efforts, particularly in the north-west, while awaiting socio-economic development.

     

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  • 29.
    Allwell-Brown, Gbemisola
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Hussain-Alkhateeb, Laith
    Univ Gothenburg, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sahlgrenska Acad, Inst Med,Global Hlth, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo
    Umeå Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Sustainable Hlth Sect, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden..
    Kitutu, Freddy Eric
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Makerere Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Pharm, Sustainable Pharmaceut Syst SPS Unit, Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda. Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Infect Dis Sect, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Strömdahl, Susanne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Infection medicine.
    Mårtensson, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    White Johansson, Emily
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Determinants of trends in reported antibiotic use among sick children under five years of age across low-income and middle-income countries in 2005-17: A systematic analysis of user characteristics based on 132 national surveys from 73 countries2021In: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 1201-9712, E-ISSN 1878-3511, Vol. 108, p. 473-482Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: This study aimed to analyze any reported antibiotic use for children aged <5 years with fever, diarrhea or cough with fast or difficult breathing (outcome) from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) during 2005-2017 by user characteristics: rural/urban residence, maternal education, household wealth, and healthcare source visited. Methods: Based on 132 demographic and health surveys and multiple indicator cluster surveys from 73 LMICs, the outcome by user characteristics for all country-years was estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian linear regression model. Results: Across LMICs during 2005-2017, the greatest relative increases in the outcome occurred in rural areas, poorest quintiles and least educated populations, particularly in low-income countries and South-East Asia. In low-income countries, rural areas had a 72% relative increase from 17.8% (Uncertainty Interval (UI): 5.2%-44.9%) in 2005 to 30.6% (11.7%-62.1%) in 2017, compared to a 29% relative increase in urban areas from 27.1% (8.7%- 58.2%) in 2005 to 34.9% (13.3%-67.3%) in 2017. Despite these increases, the outcome was consistently highest in urban areas, wealthiest quintiles, and populations with the highest maternal education. Conclusion: These estimates suggest that the increasing reported antibiotic use for sick children aged <5 years in LMICs during 2005-2017 was driven by gains among groups often underserved by formal health services.

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  • 30.
    Alm Stävlid, Sofia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    A cross-sectional study on depression, anxiety, and perfectionism in students at Uppsala University and patients at Uppsala University hospital2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Mental illness is one of the largest causes of disability worldwide and it is becoming more prevalent among adolescents. The aim of this thesis was to compare the levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms among students at Uppsala University in relation to patients at the psychiatric department of Uppsala University Hospital, and to see if there was a possible correlation between anxiety and depression and higher levels of perfectionism.

    Methods Students at Uppsala University and patients at Uppsala University hospital participated in the student group and the clinical group of the study (n=93 and n=109 respectively). Data on anxiety and depressive symptoms, and perfectionism traits were collected with questionnaires and analyzed. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between perfectionism and anxiety and depression. Independent t-test was used to examine the difference of means between the student group and the clinical group.

    Results The clinical group had a significantly higher mean score in the anxiety and depression scale The same trend could also be seen for all sub scales; anxiety, depression, and perfectionism There was a significant positive association between perfectionism and anxiety and depression.

    Conclusion There was a significant difference in levels of anxiety and depression for the students compared to patients, and a positive association between perfectionism and anxiety and depression. Furthermore, half of the students in the study had scores that would qualify them for psychiatric treatment. This research highlights the need for further research on the mental health of students in Uppsala and Sweden.

  • 31.
    Almblad, Ann-Charlotte
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Brylid, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Engvall, Gunn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Neuropediatrics/Paediatric oncology.
    Målqvist, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Increased intensive care admission rate after introduction of Early Detection and Treatment program for Children and the establishment of a pediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary hospital in SwedenIn: Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To evaluate the introduction of an Early Detection and Treatment program- Children (EDT-C) including a paediatric early warning score (PEWS) in relation to admission and length of stay at intensive care unit (ICU). Design: Before-after study utilizing data from the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) system, comparing outcomes over a total time period of 60 months between April 2010 and September 2015. Setting: A Swedish tertiary hospital. Patients: A total of 16,283 paediatric patients were included over the study period. Interventions: EDT-C including PEWS Measurements and Main Results: The following variables were extracted from the EPR data: 1) Admissions to paediatric wards 2) Length of stay at paediatric wards 3) Admissions to intensive care units 4) Length of stay at intensive care unit 5) Diagnosis. Intensive care unit admission increased from 5.0% (440/8746) before to 10.2 % (772/7537) after the introduction of the EDT-C (p<0.01). Mean treatment time at ICU did not change (41.0 vs 48.3 hours, p=0.23). Conclusion: The introduction of EDT-C including PEWS, in conjunction with the establishment of a paediatric intensive care unit at the hospital, resulted in an increased intensive care admittance rate among paediatric in-patients.

  • 32.
    Almblad, Ann-Charlotte
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatrics.
    Målqvist, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Engvall, Gunn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatrics.
    Caring for the Acutely, Severely Ill Child-A Multifaceted Situation with Paradoxical Elements: Swedish Healthcare Professionals' Experiences2016In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 31, no 5, p. E293-E300Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe healthcare professionals' experience of caring for acutely, severely ill children in hospital in Sweden.

    Design and Methods: Five focus group interviews were conducted with nurses, nurse assistants and physicians comprising a total of 20 participants. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

    Results: An overall theme emerged that describes healthcare professionals' experiences as: "being in a multifaceted area of tension with paradoxical elements". The theme is based on three categories: proficiency of the individuals and the team is the fundamental base; interactions are crucial in an area of tension; and wellbeing of the individual is a balance of contradictory emotions. With maintained focus on the ill child, proficiency is the fundamental base, interactions are crucial, and moreover contradictory emotions are described.

    Conclusions: The interplay based on proficiency may influence the assessments and treatments of acutely, severely ill children.

    Practice Implications: Recognizing the multifaceted area of tension with paradoxical elements, practical teamwork exercises, a structured approach, and assessment tools could be a possible way to develop interprofessional team collaboration to improve the care of acutely, severely ill children in order to increase patient safety.

  • 33.
    Almblad, Ann-Charlotte
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Målqvist, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Engvall, Gunn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Neuropediatrics/Paediatric oncology.
    From skepticism to assurance and control: Implementation of a patient safety system at a pediatric hospital in Sweden2018In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 13, no 11, article id e0207744Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The use of evidence-based practice among healthcare professionals directly correlates to better outcomes for patients and higher professional satisfaction. Translating knowledge in practice and mobilizing evidence-based clinical care remains a continuing challenge in healthcare systems across the world.

    PURPOSE: To describe experiences from the implementation of an Early Detection and Treatment Program for Children (EDT-C) among health care professionals at a pediatric hospital in Sweden.

    DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixteen individual interviews were conducted with physicians, nurses and nurse assistants, which of five were instructors. Data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis.

    RESULTS: An overarching theme was created: From uncertainty and skepticism towards assurance and control. The theme was based on the content of eight categories: An innovation suitable for clinical practice, Differing conditions for change, Lack of organizational slack, Complex situations, A pragmatic implementation strategy, Delegated responsibility, Experiences of control and Successful implementation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Successful implementation was achieved when initial skepticism among staff was changed into acceptance and using EDT-C had become routine in their daily work. Inter-professional education including material from authentic patient cases promotes knowledge about different professions and can strengthen teamwork. EDT-C with evidenced-based material adapted to the context can give healthcare professionals a structured and objective tool with which to assess and treat patients, giving them a sense of control and assurance.

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  • 34.
    Almblad, Ann-Charlotte
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Målqvist, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Engvall, Gunn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Neuropediatrics/Paediatric oncology.
    From skepticism to assurance and control: implementation of a patient safety system at a pediatric hospital in SwedenIn: Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Almblad, Ann-Charlotte
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Siltberg, Petra
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Neuropediatrics/Paediatric oncology.
    Engvall, Gunn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Neuropediatrics/Paediatric oncology.
    Målqvist, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Implementation of Pediatric Early Warning Score: Adherence to Guidelines and Influence of Context2018In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 38, p. 33-39Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To describe data of Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) registrations and to evaluate the implementation of PEWS by examining adherence to clinical guidelines based on measured PEWS, and to relate findings to work context.

    DESIGN AND METHODS: PEWS, as a part of a concept called Early Detection and Treatment-Children (EDT-C) was implemented at three wards at a Children's Hospital in Sweden. Data were collected from the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) retrospectively to assess adherence to guidelines. The Alberta Context Tool (ACT) was used to assess work context among healthcare professionals (n=110) before implementation of EDT-C.

    RESULTS: The majority of PEWS registrations in EPR were low whereas 10% were moderate to high. Adherences to ward-specific guidelines at admission and for saturation in respiratory distress were high whereas adherence to pain assessment was low. There were significant differences in documented recommended actions between wards. Some differences in leadership and evaluation between wards were identified.

    CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of PEWS implementation indicated frequent use of the tool despite most scores being low. High scores (5-9) occurred 28 times, which may indicate that patients with a high risk of clinical deterioration were identified. Documentation of the consequent recommended actions was however incomplete and there was a large variation in adherence to guidelines. Contextual factors may have an impact on adherence.

    PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: EDT-C can lead to increased knowledge about early detection of deterioration, strengthen nurses as professionals, optimize treatment and teamwork and thereby increase patient safety for children treated in hospitals.

  • 36.
    Al-Murani, F.
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Widerstromska Huset,Tomtebodavagen 18A, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Aweko, J.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Widerstromska Huset,Tomtebodavagen 18A, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nordin, Irma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of food studies, nutrition and dietetics.
    Delobelle, P.
    ‎ Univ Western Cape, Sch Publ Hlth, Bellville, South Africa;‎ Univ Cape Town, Chron Dis Initiat Africa, Rondebosch, South Africa.
    Kasujja, Fx.
    Makerere Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Coll Hlth Sci, Kampala, Uganda.
    Östenson, C.-G.
    Karolinska Inst, Diabet & Endocrinol Unit, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Peterson, Stefan S.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Daivadanam, Meena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of food studies, nutrition and dietetics. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Alvesson, HM.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Widerstromska Huset,Tomtebodavagen 18A, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Community and stakeholders' engagement in the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study in socioeconomically disadvantaged suburbs in region Stockholm2019In: Global Health Action, ISSN 1654-9716, E-ISSN 1654-9880, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 1609313Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Community-based approaches have been identified as an effective strategy to address the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. However, little is known about community as a concept among people living in socioeconomically disadvantaged settings and stakeholders’ interactions and engagement in NCDs prevention and management.

    Objective: The aim of this study was to understand; (1) the meaning of community among people living in socioeconomically disadvantaged suburbs in Region Stockholm and (2) how communities interact and engage with stakeholders at local and regional levels for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

    Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in three municipalities in Region Stockholm with a high proportion of migrants. Multiple data collection methods were used, including observations of community activities; interviews with community members, representatives of public authorities and NGOs; and group interviews with healthcare providers. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

    Results: Community was perceived as living in close proximity with shared beliefs, values and resources. Although they recognized its social and cultural diversity, community members focused more on the commonalities of living in their neighborhood and less on their differences in country of birth and languages spoken. Several mismatches between awareness of community needs and the available skills and resources among stakeholders for T2D prevention were identified. Stakeholders expressed awareness of T2D risk and interest in addressing it in a culturally appropriate manner.

    Conclusion: Interaction between the communities and stakeholders was limited, as was engagement in T2D prevention and management. This highlights barriers in the collaboration between community, healthcare institutions and other stakeholders which consequently affect the implementation of preventive interventions. Innovative ways to link the community to the healthcare sector and other local government institutions are needed to build the capacity of health systems for T2D prevention in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities.

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  • 37.
    Alosaimi, Abdullah N.
    et al.
    Univ Tampere, Fac Social Sci, Hlth Sci Dept, Tampere 33014, Finland.
    Essén, Birgitta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Riitta, Luoto
    Univ Tampere, Fac Social Sci, Hlth Sci Dept, Tampere 33014, Finland.
    Nwaru, Bright I.
    Univ Tampere, Fac Social Sci, Hlth Sci Dept, Tampere 33014, Finland;Univ Gothenburg, Inst Med, Krefting Res Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Mouniri, Halima
    Columbia Univ, Averting Maternal Death & Disabil Program, Dept Populat & Family Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA.
    Factors associated with female genital cutting in Yemen and its policy implications2019In: Midwifery, ISSN 0266-6138, E-ISSN 1532-3099, Vol. 74, p. 99-106Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    A tremendous number of girls in Yemen are still subjected to female genital cutting (FGC), which carries an increased risk of health complications and violates children's rights. This study describes the prevalence of FGC in four Yemeni provinces and investigates the determinants of FGC.

    Methods:

    We analyzed data from women aged 15 to 49 years who responded to a sub-national household survey conducted in six rural districts of four Yemeni provinces in 2008-2009. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between individual and household socioeconomic factors and FGC practices and attitudes.

    Results:

    The prevalence of women's FGC was 48% while daughters' FGC was 34%. Almost 45.8% of the women surveyed believe the FGC practice should discontinue. Higher odds of FGC practice and positive attitude towards it were associated with older age, family marriage, and lower tertiles of wealth and education indices. Early marriage was also associated with increased odds of FGC practice (p < 0.01).

    Conclusions:

    Socioeconomic indices and other individual factors associated with FGC are differing and complex. Younger generations of women are more likely to not have FGC and to express negative attitudes towards the tradition. Appropriate strategies to invest in girls' education and women's empowerment with effective engagement of religious and community leaders might support the change of attitudes and practice of FGC in the younger generation.

  • 38.
    Amiot, Ikraam
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Coping strategies of men who have been sexually abused in childhood: A qualitative metasynthesis2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Estimates on the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse on boys vary from 8% to 35% globally. These figures are known to be well below the actual numbers that are believed to be much higher than those found in official data. Most cases of childhood sexual abuse are never reported, boys are less likely to report sexual abuse and if they ever do, they do so up to 10-20 years later than girls with similar experiences. This metasynthesis adds to the scarce qualitative literature on coping of male victims. It brings together the types of coping strategies men with histories of childhood sexual abuse use and allows for deeper understanding on how men cope with childhood sexual abuse.

    Aim: To explore coping strategies used by men who have been affected by childhood sexual abuse 

    Method: A qualitative metasynthesis

    Findings: Men affected by childhood sexual abuse reported the use of several coping strategies throughout their lives. These coping strategies were adapted to changes in their social environment. Meaningful inter-personal relationships were found to influence which coping strategies victims would resort to. Not all men felt affected by their experiences of childhood sexual abuse and some reject to be labelled as victims, while others felt empowered by the recognition of their victimhood.

    Conclusion: Men reported using similar coping strategies in different settings, but with different outcomes. Social support and social awareness about male victimisation were found to affect coping strategies used by men who have been affected by childhood sexual abuse.

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  • 39.
    Andersson, Jacob
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    Wikström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology.
    Högberg, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Research.
    Wester, Knut
    Thiblin, Ingemar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    External Hydrocephalus as a Cause of Infant Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiological and Radiological Investigations of Infants Suspected of Being Abused.2021In: Pediatric Neurology, ISSN 0887-8994, E-ISSN 1873-5150, Vol. 126, p. 26-34, article id S0887-8994(21)00212-5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) and chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) in infants have been regarded as highly specific for abuse. Other causes of CSDH have not been investigated in a large population.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent external hydrocephalus is present in infants with ASDH and CSDH undergoing evaluation for abuse.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-five infants suspected of being abused, with ASDH (n = 16) or CSDH (n = 69), were reviewed regarding age, risk factor profiles, craniocortical width (CCW), sinocortical width (SCW), frontal interhemispheric width (IHW), subarachnoid space width (SSW), and head circumference (HC). In infants with unilateral subdural hematoma (SDH), correlations between contralateral SSW and ipsilateral CCW and SDH width were investigated.

    RESULTS: Infants with CSDH had significantly lower mortality, were more often premature and male, and had significantly higher CCW, SCW, IHW, and SSW than infants with ASDH (P < 0.05). Ipsilateral CCW (R = 0.92, P < 0.001) and SDH width (R = 0.81, P < 0.01) correlated with contralateral SSW. Increased HC was more prevalent in infants with CSDH (71%) than in infants with ASDH (14%) (P < 0.01). Forty-two infants, all with CSDH, had at least one of CCW, SCW, or IHW ≥95th percentile. Twenty infants, all with CSDH, had CCW, SCW, and IHW >5 mm, in addition to increased HC.

    CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of infants with CSDH who had been suspected of being abused had findings suggesting external hydrocephalus.

  • 40.
    Andersson, Maria Eva
    et al.
    Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.
    Elfving, Kristina
    Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.; Univ Gothenburg, Dept Pediat, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Shakely, Deler
    Department of Medicine, Kungälv Hospital, Sweden.; Karolinska Institutet, Malaria Res, Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nilsson, Staffan
    Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Msellem, Mwinyi
    Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health, Tanzania.
    Trollfors, Birger
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Mårtensson, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Björkman, Anders
    Malaria Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Lindh, Magnus
    Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.
    Rapid Clearance and Frequent Reinfection With Enteric Pathogens Among Children With Acute Diarrhea in Zanzibar.2017In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, ISSN 1058-4838, E-ISSN 1537-6591, Vol. 65, no 8, p. 1371-1377Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Acute infectious gastroenteritis is an important cause of illness and death among children in low-income countries. In addition to rotavirus vaccination, actions to improve nutrition status, sanitation, and water quality are important to reduce enteric infections, which are frequent also among asymptomatic children. The aim of this study was to investigate if the high prevalence of these infections reflects that they often are not cleared properly by the immune response or rather is due to frequent pathogen exposure.

    Methods: Rectal swabs were collected at time of acute diarrhea and 14 days later from 127 children, aged 2-59 months and living in rural Zanzibar, and were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting multiple pathogens.

    Results: At baseline, detection rates >20% were found for each of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, norovirus GII, and adenovirus. At follow-up, a large proportion of the infections had become cleared (34-100%), or the pathogen load reduced, and this was observed also for agents that were presumably unrelated to diarrhea. Still, the detection frequencies at follow-up were for most agents as high as at baseline, because new infections had been acquired. Neither clearance nor reinfection was associated with moderate malnutrition, which was present in 21% of the children.

    Conclusions: Children residing in poor socioeconomic conditions, as in Zanzibar, are heavily exposed to enteric pathogens, but capable of rapidly clearing causative and coinfecting pathogens.

  • 41.
    Andersson, Maria
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Infect Dis, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kabayiza, Jean-Claude
    Univ Rwanda, Dept Pediat, Kigali, Rwanda.
    Elfving, Kristina
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Infect Dis, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Staffan
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Msellem, Mwinyi I.
    Minist Hlth, Zanzibar Malaria Eliminat Programme ZAMEP, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
    Mårtensson, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Bjorkman, Anders
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Microbiol Tumor & Cell Biol, Malaria Res, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bergstrom, Tomas
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Infect Dis, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lindh, Magnus
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Infect Dis, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Coinfection with Enteric Pathogens in East African Children with Acute Gastroenteritis-Associations and Interpretations2018In: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, ISSN 0002-9637, E-ISSN 1476-1645, Vol. 98, no 6, p. 1566-1570Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Enteric coinfections among children in low-income countries are very common, but it is not well known if specific pathogen combinations are associated or have clinical importance. In this analysis, feces samples from children in Rwanda and Zanzibar less than 5 years of age, with (N = 994) or without (N = 324) acute diarrhea, were analyzed by realtime polymerase chain reaction targeting a wide range of pathogens. Associations were investigated by comparing codetection and mono-detection frequencies for all pairwise pathogen combinations. More than one pathogen was detected in 840 samples (65%). A negative association (coinfections being less common than expected from probability) was observed for rotavirus in combination with Shigella, Campylobacter, or norovirus genogroup II, but only in patients, which is statistically expected for agents that independently cause diarrhea. A positive correlation was observed, in both patients and controls, between Ct (threshold cycle) values for certain virulence factor genes in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (eae and bfpA) and toxin genes in enterotoxigenic E. coli (eltB and estA), allowing estimation of how often these genes were present in the same bacteria. A significant positive association in patients only was observed for Shigella andEPEC-eae, suggesting that this coinfection might interact in a manner that enhances symptoms. Although interaction between pathogens that affect symptoms is rare, this work emphasizes the importance and difference in interpretation of coinfections depending on whether they are positively or negatively associated.

  • 42.
    Andersson, Ola
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Between the sheets - or how to keep babies warm2018In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 107, no 8, p. 1300-1301Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Andersson, Ola
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    The transition to extra-uterine life by extremely preterm infants: handle with care2016In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 105, no 4, p. 337-338Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Andersson, Ola
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH). Department of Research and Development, Region Halland, Sweden.
    Hellström-Westas, Lena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatrics.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Elective caesarean: does delay in cord clamping for 30 s ensure sufficient iron stores at 4 months of age? A historical cohort control study2016In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 6, no 11, article id e012995Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To compare iron stores in infants born after elective caesarean section (CS) and a 30 s delay of umbilical cord clamping with those born vaginally after early (≤10 s) or delayed (≥180 s) cord clamping.

    DESIGN: Prospective observational study with historical control.

    SETTING: Swedish county hospital.

    POPULATION: 64 infants born after elective CS were compared with a historical control of 166 early clamped and 168 delayed clamped after vaginal birth.

    METHODS: Blood and iron status were measured in blood samples collected at birth, 48-96 hours after birth, 4 and 12 months of age.

    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Ferritin at 4 months of age was the primary outcome, second outcome measures were other indicators of iron status, and haemoglobin, at 4 and 12 months of age, as well as respiratory distress at 1 and 6 hours after birth.

    RESULTS: At 4 months infants born by elective CS had better iron status than those born vaginally subjected to early cord clamping, shown by higher adjusted mean difference of ferritin concentration (39 µg/L (95% CI 10 to 60)) and mean cell volume (1.8 fL (95% CI 0.6 to 3.0)); and lower levels of transferrin receptors (-0.39 mg/L (95% CI -0.69 to -0.08)). No differences were seen between infants born after elective CS and delayed clamped vaginally born infants at 4 months. No differences were found between groups at 12 months of age.

    CONCLUSIONS: Waiting to clamp the umbilical cord for 30 s after elective CS results in higher iron stores at 4 months of age compared with early cord clamping after vaginal birth, and seems to ensure iron status comparable with those achieved after 180 s delayed cord clamping after vaginal birth.

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  • 45.
    Andersson, Ola
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Rana, Nisha
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Global Health Research on Implementation and Sustainability.
    Ewald, Uwe
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Global Health Research on Implementation and Sustainability.
    Målqvist, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Global Health Research on Implementation and Sustainability.
    Stripple, Gunilla
    Basnet, Omkar
    Subedi, Kalpana
    KC, Ashish
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Global Health Research on Implementation and Sustainability.
    Intact cord resuscitation versus early cord clamping in the treatment of depressed newborn infants during the first 10 minutes of birth (Nepcord III) -: a randomized clinical trial2019In: Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology, ISSN 2054-958X, Vol. 5, no 15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Experiments have shown improved cardiovascular stability in lambs if umbilical cord clamping is postponed until positive pressure ventilation is started. Studies on intact cord resuscitation on human term infants are sparse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in clinical outcomes in non-breathing infants between groups, one where resuscitation is initiated with an intact umbilical cord (intervention group) and one group where cord clamping occurred prior to resuscitation (control group).

    Methods: Randomized controlled trial, inclusion period April to August 2016 performed at a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Late preterm and term infants born vaginally, non-breathing and in need of resuscitation according to the 'Helping Babies Breathe' algorithm were randomized to intact cord resuscitation or early cord clamping before resuscitation. Main outcome measures were saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2), heart rate and Apgar at 1, 5 and 10 minutes after birth.

    Results: At 10 minutes after birth, SpO2 (SD) was significantly higher in the intact cord group compared to the early cord clamping group, 90.4 (8.1) vs 85.4 (2.7) %, P < .001). In the intact cord group, 57 (44%) had SpO2 < 90% after 10 minutes, compared to 93 (100%) in the early cord clamping group, P < 0.001. SpO2 was also significantly higher in the intervention (intact cord) group at one and five minutes after birth. Heart rate was lower in the intervention (intact cord) group at one and five minutes and slightly higher at ten minutes, all significant findings. Apgar score was significantly higher at one, five and ten minutes. At 5 minutes, 23 (17%) had Apgar score < 7 in the intervention (intact cord) group compared to 26 (27%) in the early cord clamping group, P < .07. Newborn infants in the intervention (intact cord) group started to breathe and establish regular breathing earlier than in the early cord clamping group.

    Conclusions: This study provides new and important information on the effects of resuscitation with an intact umbilical cord. The findings of improved SpO2 and higher Apgar score, and the absence of negative consequences encourages further studies with longer follow-up.

    Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02727517, 2016/4/4.

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  • 46.
    Aneblom, Gunilla
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Stålsby Lundborg, Cecilia
    Carlsten, Anders
    Eurenius, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Tydén, Tanja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Sciences.
    Emergency contraceptive pills over-the-counter: practices and attitudes of pharmacy and nurse-midwife providers2004In: Patient Education and Counseling, ISSN 0738-3991, E-ISSN 1873-5134, Vol. 55, no 1, p. 129-135Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Deregulation of emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) has led to pharmacy staff becoming a new provider group of ECP, together with nurse-midwives, who are already experienced in prescribing contraceptives. This postal questionnaire survey aimed to assess practices and attitudes towards ECP and the over-the-counter (OTC)-availability among pharmacy staff (n=237) and nurse-midwives (n=163). The overall response rate was 89%. Both study groups were positive to ECP and the OTC-availability and the vast majority agreed that sexually active women should be aware of ECP and that routine information about ECP should be included in contraceptive counseling. Verbal information on all aspects of ECP to clients was reported more often by nurse-midwives than by pharmacy staff. Both groups supported collaboration between providers. Our findings suggest that further collaboration between pharmacies and family planning clinics should be encouraged to ensure a competent and client-friendly provision of ECP.

  • 47.
    Arifeen, Shams El
    et al.
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Ekström, Eva-Charlotte
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Frongillo, Edward A
    Univ South Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav, Columbia, SC USA.
    Hamadani, Jena
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Khan, Ashraful Islam
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Naved, Ruchira T
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Rahman, Anisur
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Raqib, Rubhana
    Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res Icddr B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Rasmussen, Kathleen M
    Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
    Ekholm Selling, Katarina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition.
    Wagatsuma, Yukiko
    Univ Tsukuba, Dept Med, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
    Persson, Lars-Åke
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Child Health and Nutrition. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Dis Control, London, England.
    Cohort Profile: The Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab (MINIMat) Cohort in Bangladesh2018In: International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, E-ISSN 1464-3685, Vol. 47, no 6, p. 1737-1738eArticle in journal (Refereed)
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  • 48.
    Arnqvist, Nathalie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH).
    Association between mothers´education level and  incidence of rapid breathing as a sign of pneumonia in children under 5 in Kenya: A cross sectional study from 2014 in Kenya2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Pneumonia is a major threat to global health. It is one of the biggest causes of death in children under 5 and kills approximately 1.4 million children, yearly. In Kenya, pneumonia is accountable for 16% of all deaths in children under 5 but could be prevented with simple interventions. To decrease the mortality rate, increasing the knowledge on the symptoms of pneumonia is of major importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between level of maternal education and the incidence of rapid breathing as a sign of pneumonia in children under 5 in Kenya.

    Methods

    This study was a cross sectional study analysing data from DHS collected in Kenya 2014. The study population were a sample of 5,391 mothers and their first-born children under 5. Logistic regression analyses were made to see the association to maternal education.

    Results

    The results in this study showed that there was no association between the level of maternal education and incidence of rapid breathing as a sign of pneumonia (CI 0.65-1.08, p-value 0.18). If the child was a boy showed increased odds for rapid breathing (CI 0.77-0.99, p-value 0.01), and living in the regions Nyanza (CI 1.08-1.77, p-value 0.01), Western (2.25-3.75, p-value 0.00) and Coast (CI 1.00-1.66, p-value 0.05) showed an increased odd.

    Conclusion

    This study found that there was no significant association between the level of maternal education and incidence of rapid breathing as a sign of pneumonia for children under 5 in Kenya.

  • 49.
    Arousell, J.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Carlbom, A.
    Malmö Univ, Fac Hlth & Soc, Malmö, Sweden.
    Larsson, Elin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Johnsdotter, S.
    Malmö Univ, Fac Hlth & Soc, Malmö, Sweden.
    Essén, Birgitta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Unintended consequences of gender equality promotion in Swedish contraceptive counselling2018In: European Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1101-1262, E-ISSN 1464-360X, Vol. 28, no Supplement: 1, p. 105-105Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Arousell, Jonna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Carlbom, A.
    Malmö Univ, Fac Hlth & Soc, Malmö, Sweden..
    Essén, Birgitta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), International Maternal and Reproductive Health and Migration.
    Is multiculturalism bad for swedish abortion care?: Exploring the diversity of religious counselling in public healthcare institutions2018In: European Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1101-1262, E-ISSN 1464-360X, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 122-122Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Sweden has one of the most liberal abortion laws in the world, granting women extensive rights to make autonomous reproductive decisions. At the same time, Swedish policy-makers are keen to protect society’s religious diversity. This ambition is reflected in decisions to grant religious leaders the possibility to provide ‘spiritual care’ in public hospitals. Through interviews with religious representatives in public healthcare institutions, we asked: In what ways would they counsel a religious woman who is seeking their advice about abortion? And how does this advice correspond with Swedish policies on, and provision of, abortion care?

    Methods:

    Individual interviews were conducted with religious representatives of the Swedish Church, the Catholic Church, and the Buddhist and Muslim communities. Interviews took place in 2016 and 2017.

    Findings:

    We found that informants saw it as their obligation to provide religious people with abortion advice according to religious norms, giving them limited opportunities to harmonise the content of their counselling with Swedish healthcare laws or regulations. Most informants argued that it was their responsibility to inform women about the wrongdoing of terminating a pregnancy, and to provide suggestions about how women could mitigate the sin in order to gain God’s forgiveness.

    Conclusion:

    Informants appeared inclined to deliver religious recommendations on abortion that were more conservative than what is established in the Swedish Abortion Act.

    Main messages:

    • ‘Spiritual care’ in the question of abortion favours the delivery of religious norms at the possible expense of women’s right to non-judgmental abortion counselling.

    • ‘Spiritual care’ is now an integral part of Swedish healthcare institutions. A critical discussion is needed about the extent to which such services should be in compliance with Swedish laws and public health aims on abortion.

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