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  • 1.
    Andreasson, Rebecca
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Distributed Cognition in Manufacturing: Collaborative Assembly Work2016In: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXX / [ed] Yee Mey Goh, Keith Case, IOS Press , 2016, p. 243-248Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cognitive science is becoming increasingly central within humanfactors and ergonomics (HF&E) and there has long been a call for a more systemicperspective in the area with a somewhat broader unit of analysis. This paperpresents a case study applying the theoretical framework of distributed cognition(DCog), which shows how DCog would offer a more complete understanding ofmanufacturing within its greater context, including the social, cultural, andmaterial surroundings. This paper aims to characterize and analyse dock assemblyof forest machines as a complex socio-technical system from a DCog perspective;focusing on the creation of enacted landscapes in this particular setting. The paperalso exemplifies benefits of using the DCog framework in the manufacturingdomain as a way of grasping the assembly workers’ tacit competence and skills.

  • 2.
    Andreasson, Rebecca
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Interruptions in the wild: portraying the handling of interruptions in manufacturing from a distributed cognition lens2017In: Cognition, Technology & Work, ISSN 1435-5558, E-ISSN 1435-5566, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 85-108Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a study examining interruptionsin the wild by portraying the handling of interruptionsin manufacturing from a distributed cognitionlens. By studying how interruptions occur and are handledin the daily activities of a work team at a large foundry forcasting heavy diesel engines, we highlight situations whenthe propagation, transformation, and representation ofinformation are not supported by prescribed work processesand propose recommendations for how this can beamended. The study was conducted by several visits to theaforementioned factory with cognitive ethnography as thebasis for the data collection. The focus was on identifyinginterruptions and analysing these through a distributedcognition framework as an initial step towards studyinginterruptions in a manufacturing environment. The keyfindings include the identification of three, previouslyundefined, types of interruptions and the conclusion thatinterruptions do indeed affect the distributed workload ofthe socio-technical system and thus the overall productionperformance at the casting line.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 3.
    Andreasson, Rebecca
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Visual Information and Interaction. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Tool use and collaborative work of dock assembly in practice2017In: Production & Manufacturing Research, ISSN 2169-3277, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 164-190Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to deepen the understanding of the intrinsic interactions and interplay between humans, tools, and environment from a systems perspective, research in the wild (RITW) approaches have gained traction during recent decades as they provide a higher ecological validity of findings. This paper presents a RITW study, investigating how assembly, in this case dock assembly of forwarders, was done in practice. As our theoretical foundation, we used the framework of distributed cognition, which is one of the main pillars of RITW. The findings are presented in narrative form, describing and highlighting that the workers achieve an efficient production outcome by being integral parts of the whole production process and doing so through coordination of activities benefitting the shared goal of the distributed socio-technical system.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 4.
    Andreasson, Rebecca
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Towards an increased degree of usability work in organizations2015In: Procedia Manufacturing, ISSN 2351-9789, Vol. 3, p. 5739-5746Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is widely recognized that there is a substantial gap between usability research and practice where UCD approaches are rarelyapplied in practice due to arguments regarding the intricate nature of its methods and techniques. This paper presents an actionresearch study designed to investigate and analyze the potentials for an increased degree of UCD activities in the earlydevelopment phases of advanced information systems technology. The results demonstrate that there is a large interest inusability but that organizational priority and competence is often lacking. Instead one relies heavily on questionable conceptssuch as „trained professionals‟ to excuse the low effort towards usability. Based on the results, six recommendations forimproved usability work in R&D organizations are presented, focusing on the importance of prioritization of, and education inusability work.

  • 5.
    Kolbeinsson, Ari
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Employing UX Processes for More Focused Development in Research Projects2020In: DHM2020: Proceedings of the 6th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium, August 31 – September 2, 2020 / [ed] Lars Hanson, Dan Högberg, Erik Brolin, Amsterdam: IOS Press , 2020, p. 288-298Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    The aim of this paper is to highlight some benefits of incorporating usability/user experience (UX) approaches in the software development process of research projects advancing digital human modeling (DHM), and how these processes, approaches, and methods can help keeping the development process more focused and efficient. Research projects that contain large software development components may receive funding only to complete the core tasks, and including additional persons in a project may seem like a waste of resources. This paper introduces user research that relied on a UX approach called contextual inquiry to ascertain user goals and how those might be translated into features for DHM named IMMA that has been developed as a part of numerous research projects in the last decade. The goal of the study is to support DHM development in general through highlighting methods and approaches that can be used, with specific results aimed to support the continued development of IMMA. Results clearly show that existing functions do not support the goals of the user group examined, and highlights the need of understanding user goals and creating functions to support achieving those goals, rather than assuming what functionalities might be needed. By understanding user goals, interpreting those into activities and functionalities time and resources can be used more effectively, which is important for small to medium research projects, where both time and budget may be limited.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 6.
    Kolbeinsson, Ari
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Missing mediated interruptions in manual assembly: Critical aspects of breakpoint selection2017In: Applied Ergonomics, ISSN 0003-6870, E-ISSN 1872-9126, Vol. 61, p. 90-101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The factory of the future aims to make manufacturing more effective and easily customisable, using advanced sensors and communications to support information management. In this paper, we examine how breakpoint selection during interruption management can fail, even when using recommendations for interruption management from existing research. We present an experiment based on prior work where mediated interruptions (i.e. smart interruptions that should interrupt at opportune moments) were missed by participants when sent at one of two pre-defined breakpoints. These breakpoints were selected based on existing research to minimise the cost of interruption, which can involve longer times to complete tasks as well as making errors on tasks. Missing mediated interruptions in this way was unexpected, and the prior study was not configured to measure this effect, which has led to the experiment detailed here. We strive to explore whether there is a risk of missing notifications when mediated interruptions are used, and how this is affected by breakpoint selection. This was investigated through an experiment that uses tasks and environments that simulate a manufacturing assembly facility.

    The results indicate that the effect exists, i.e. that participants miss significantly more notifications when interrupted at fine breakpoints than when interrupted at coarse breakpoints. An embodied cognition perspective was used for analysis of the tasks to understand the cause of the effect. This analysis shows that an overlap between “action” and “anticipation of action” can account for why participants miss notifications at fine breakpoints. Based on these findings, recommendations were developed for designing interruption systems that minimise the costs (errors and time) imposed by interruptions during assembly tasks in manufacturing.

  • 7.
    Kolbeinsson, Ari
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Context aware interruptions: Existing research and required research2014In: Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics / [ed] Kay Stanney & Kelly S. Hale, AHFE , 2014, p. 260-272Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Companies in various fields are developing information systems that are supposed to show information in a context sensitive manner. This involves modifying user interfaces based on the current activity and location of the user. The research that exists for context aware, task aware, and location aware systems come mostly from research in the office environment and using stationary work computers using standard mouse and keyboard-operated systems. Other environments, such as manufacturing environments, have not received the same research attention, and therefore research is required to see whether existing theories and frameworks apply to the manufacturing domain. Adding to this, context aware systems are now being created for new classes of devices such as mobile and wearable devices, to be used in multiple domains. All this requires an investigation and validation of older research, and shows how the research of the basic human factors surrounding new devices and domains has fallen behind the development of the devices themselves. This paper examines shortly how recent changes advances in technology affect what is required from the field of interruption research, as well as what is needed to support other domains than the office environment. 

  • 8.
    Kolbeinsson, Ari
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Context aware interruptions: Existing research and required research2014In: Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics / [ed] Kay Stanney & Kelly S. Hale, AHFE , 2014, p. 260-272Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Companies in various fields are developing information systems that are supposed to show information in a context sensitive manner. This involves modifying user interfaces based on the current activity and location of the user. The research that exists for context aware, task aware, and location aware systems come mostly from research in the office environment and using stationary work computers using standard mouse and keyboard-operated systems. Other environments, such as manufacturing environments, have not received the same research attention, and therefore research is required to see whether existing theories and frameworks apply to the manufacturing domain. Adding to this, context aware systems are now being created for new classes of devices such as mobile and wearable devices, to be used in multiple domains. All this requires an investigation and validation of older research, and shows how the research of the basic human factors surrounding new devices and domains has fallen behind the development of the devices themselves. This paper examines shortly how recent changes advances in technology affect what is required from the field of interruption research, as well as what is needed to support other domains than the office environment. 

  • 9.
    Kolbeinsson, Ari
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Coordinating the interruption of assembly workers in manufacturing2017In: Applied Ergonomics, ISSN 0003-6870, E-ISSN 1872-9126, Vol. 58, p. 361-371Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines how interruptions from information and communications technology systems affect errors and the time to complete tasks for assembly workers. Interruptions have previously been examined in laboratory experiments and office environments, but not much work has been performed in other authentic environments. This paper contains the results of an experiment that was performed in a simulated manufacturing assembly environment, which tested the effects of interruptions on a manual assembly task. The experiment used existing interruption coordination methods as a basis, and the results showed a difference in the effect of interruptions and interruption coordination between cognitively complex laboratory tasks and manual assembly tasks in an authentic environment. Most notably, the negative effects of interruptions delivered without consideration were smaller in this experiment. Based on these findings, recommendations were developed for designing interruption systems for minimizing the costs (errors and time) imposed by interruptions during assembly tasks in manufacturing.

  • 10.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Kolbeinsson, Ari
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Narrowing the Gap of Cognitive and Physical Ergonomics in DHM through Embodied Tool Use2020In: DHM2020: Proceedings of the 6th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium, August 31 – September 2, 2020 / [ed] Lars Hanson, Dan Högberg, Erik Brolin, Amsterdam: IOS Press , 2020, Vol. 11, p. 311-322Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The fields of human factors and ergonomics are systemic by nature, focusing on studying complex interaction between human and technology. However, the levels of explanation have resulted in physical or cognitive ergonomics. Modern understandings of human cognition and technology-mediated interaction, such as embodied cognition, activity theory and user experience (UX) is used as a frame of reference to analyze and illustrate the usage of a digital human modeling (DHM) tool in practice. In so doing, we try to narrow the gap between physical and cognitive ergonomics through embodied tool use. An identified core problem is to understand how a 2D devices should properly interact within 3D objects and manikins in a DMH tool that results in negative UX. The embodied concept of body schema clarifies the cognitive foundation for the negative UX. Some future work is presented, which could be beneficial for DHM, and, in the long run, promote a positive UX at work for various end-users of DHM tools.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 11.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Manufacturing in the wild: viewing human-based assembly through the lens of distributed cognition2017In: Production & Manufacturing Research, ISSN 2169-3277, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 57-80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The interdisciplinary field of cognitive science has been and isbecoming increasingly central within human factors and ergonomics(HF&E) and, since at the same time, there has long been a call for a more systems perspective in the area with a somewhat wider unit of analysis. This paper argues that the theoretical framework of distributed cognition would greatly benefit the application of HF&E to manufacturing and would offer a more holistic understanding of the interactions between different entities within a greater context,including the social, cultural and materialistic. We aim to characterize and analyse manufacturing as a complex socio-technical system from a distributed cognition perspective; focusing on the use, mediation and integration of different forms of representations, tools and artefacts in this domain. We present illustrative examples fromauthentic manual assembly, showing the cognitively distributed nature of the work, ranging from scaffolding strategies of the individual worker to the emergent properties of a whole assembly line. The paper further proposes and provides benefits of using a distributed cognition framework as a novel approach in the toolboxfor the HF&E discipline, where it may have been found before, but the application to manufacturing has been absent.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 12.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Towards a framework for reducing cognitive load in manufacturing personnel2014In: Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics / [ed] Kay Stanney & Kelly S. Hale, AHFE , 2014, p. 233-244Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The interest in cognitive aspects of human performance has dramatically increased in recent years in manufacturing, complementing the area of physical ergonomics, and the expanded focus on cognitive aspects may offer significant insights and contributions to industrial domains. A considerably increased interest has been directed at the role and effects cognitive load has on human performance, and ultimately on production outcome. The main question addressed is: How can an understanding of cognitive load in manufacturing lead us to design better workplaces for the personnel at the shop floor? To answer this question, we have to consider how technology interacts with work environment and with human cognition from a systems perspective. Technology should be considered a resource in the design of a better working environment, aid those activities for which we are poorly suited cognitively, and enhance those cognitive skills for which we are ideally suited. This has resulted in a potential framework of factors that might have impact on high cognitive load, consisting of three levels; internal factors, external factors, and activity space. The initial framework focuses primarily on the former factors, identifying risks where a high cognitive load might lead to difficulty of work, negatively affecting production outcome.

  • 13.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Thorvald, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Towards a framework for reducing cognitive load in manufacturing personnel2014In: Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics / [ed] Kay Stanney & Kelly S. Hale, AHFE , 2014, p. 233-244Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The interest in cognitive aspects of human performance has dramatically increased in recent years in manufacturing, complementing the area of physical ergonomics, and the expanded focus on cognitive aspects may offer significant insights and contributions to industrial domains. A considerably increased interest has been directed at the role and effects cognitive load has on human performance, and ultimately on production outcome. The main question addressed is: How can an understanding of cognitive load in manufacturing lead us to design better workplaces for the personnel at the shop floor? To answer this question, we have to consider how technology interacts with work environment and with human cognition from a systems perspective. Technology should be considered a resource in the design of a better working environment, aid those activities for which we are poorly suited cognitively, and enhance those cognitive skills for which we are ideally suited. This has resulted in a potential framework of factors that might have impact on high cognitive load, consisting of three levels; internal factors, external factors, and activity space. The initial framework focuses primarily on the former factors, identifying risks where a high cognitive load might lead to difficulty of work, negatively affecting production outcome.

  • 14.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Distributed cognition at work - A systemic perspective on human based manufacturing2015In: Proceedings of ICMR 2015 / [ed] Linda Newnes, Aydin Nassehi & Vimal Dhokia, Bath, UK: University of Bath , 2015, p. 195-200Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cognitive science is becoming increasingly central within human factors & ergonomics and, since at the same time, there has long been a call for a more systemic perspective in the area with a somewhat wider unit of analysis, this paper argues that the theoretical framework of distributed cognition would greatly benefit the area. It would offer a more complete understanding of the user within a greater context, be it social, cultural or materialistic. This paper aims to characterize and analyse the domain of manufacturing as a complex socio-technical system from a distributed cognition perspective; focusing on the use, mediation and integration of different forms of representations, tools and artefacts in this domain.  The paper further proposes and exemplifies benefits of using a distributed cognition framework in the manufacturing domain as studied by human factors and ergonomics.

  • 15.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Distributed cognition at work - A systemic perspective on human based manufacturing2015In: Proceedings of ICMR 2015 / [ed] Linda Newnes, Aydin Nassehi & Vimal Dhokia, Bath, UK: University of Bath , 2015, p. 195-200Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cognitive science is becoming increasingly central within human factors & ergonomics and, since at the same time, there has long been a call for a more systemic perspective in the area with a somewhat wider unit of analysis, this paper argues that the theoretical framework of distributed cognition would greatly benefit the area. It would offer a more complete understanding of the user within a greater context, be it social, cultural or materialistic. This paper aims to characterize and analyse the domain of manufacturing as a complex socio-technical system from a distributed cognition perspective; focusing on the use, mediation and integration of different forms of representations, tools and artefacts in this domain.  The paper further proposes and exemplifies benefits of using a distributed cognition framework in the manufacturing domain as studied by human factors and ergonomics.

  • 16.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Initial development of a cognitive load assessment tool2014In: Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics / [ed] Kay Stanney & Kelly S. Hale, AHFE , 2014, p. 223-232Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Interest in cognitive or mental workload has over the last couple of years increased drastically from a manufacturing application perspective.  More and more, people are becoming aware of the cognitive limitations that may have great impact on production outcome. The more easily observable area of physical ergonomics has been successfully investigated for a long time and it would seem as though focus has broadened to also include cognitive ergonomics. Considering the effects that a large cognitive load has on human performance, knowledge regarding the role of the cognizing human in a manufacturing environment could potentially have significant effect on production outcome (i.e. quality and productivity). With this in mind, developing and using methods and tools for assessment of the cognitive burden associated with particular tasks or workstations should be and is of substantial interest to the manufacturing industry. Whatever assessment methods exist in the scientific literature today are almost exclusively expert tools where significant expertise in the area of cognitive ergonomics/psychology/science is required. This paper reports parts of the development process and initial version of a non-expert tool for assessment of cognitive load in manual production environments, primarily manual assembly.

  • 17.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Initial development of a cognitive load assessment tool2014In: Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics / [ed] Kay Stanney & Kelly S. Hale, AHFE , 2014, p. 223-232Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Interest in cognitive or mental workload has over the last couple of years increased drastically from a manufacturing application perspective.  More and more, people are becoming aware of the cognitive limitations that may have great impact on production outcome. The more easily observable area of physical ergonomics has been successfully investigated for a long time and it would seem as though focus has broadened to also include cognitive ergonomics. Considering the effects that a large cognitive load has on human performance, knowledge regarding the role of the cognizing human in a manufacturing environment could potentially have significant effect on production outcome (i.e. quality and productivity). With this in mind, developing and using methods and tools for assessment of the cognitive burden associated with particular tasks or workstations should be and is of substantial interest to the manufacturing industry. Whatever assessment methods exist in the scientific literature today are almost exclusively expert tools where significant expertise in the area of cognitive ergonomics/psychology/science is required. This paper reports parts of the development process and initial version of a non-expert tool for assessment of cognitive load in manual production environments, primarily manual assembly.

  • 18.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics.
    Andreasson, Rebecca
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics.
    CLAM – A method for cognitive load assessment in manufacturing2017In: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXI / [ed] Gao, J., El Souri, M., Keates, S, Amsterdam, 2017, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 114-119Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing complexity and demands of assembly operations in manufacturing has been shown to lead to increased cognitive load in assembly workers. Previous work has outlined the complexity of an assembly worker’s situation both in terms of difficulty and speed of work and there have been a few attempts at creating frameworks and methods for understanding the key aspects of what creates increased cognitive load. This paper presents a tool for assessing cognitive load in manufacturing, primarily assembly. The paper presents the method and an accompanying tool as well as some insights derived from this method development. The intended contribution of the work is to make a difference in reducing the cognitive load of assembly workers on the shop floor, thus focusing the development on applicability and usability of the tool in practice. 

  • 19.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Andreasson, Rebecca
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    CLAM – A method for cognitive load assessment in manufacturing2017In: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXI / [ed] Gao, J., El Souri, M., Keates, S., Amsterdam: IOS Press , 2017, p. 114-119Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing complexity and demands of assembly operations in manufacturing has been shown to lead to increased cognitive load in assembly workers. Previous work has outlined the complexity of an assembly worker’s situation both in terms of difficulty and speed of work and there have been a few attempts at creating frameworks and methods for understanding the key aspects of what creates increased cognitive load. This paper presents a tool for assessing cognitive load in manufacturing, primarily assembly. The paper presents the method and an accompanying tool as well as some insights derived from this method development. The intended contribution of the work is to make a difference in reducing the cognitive load of assembly workers on the shop floor, thus focusing the development on applicability and usability of the tool in practice. 

  • 20.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics.
    Andreasson, Rebecca
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Division of Visual Information and Interaction. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, Department of Information Technology, Computerized Image Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction.
    On the development of a method for cognitive load assessment in manufacturing2019In: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, ISSN 0736-5845, E-ISSN 1879-2537, Vol. 59, p. 252-266Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing complexity and demands of assembly operations in manufacturing has been shown to lead to increased cognitive load in assembly workers. Previous work has outlined the complexity of an assembly worker's situation both in terms of difficulty and speed of work and there have been a few attempts at creating frameworks and methods for understanding the key aspects of what creates increased cognitive load. This paper presents the development of an analytic method, denoted CLAM (Cognitive Load Assessment for Manufacturing), and a tool for assessing cognitive load in manufacturing, primarily assembly. It outlines the journey of the development as well as discusses and problematizes relevant meta-methodological issues paired with method development. The intended contribution of the work is to make a difference in reducing the cognitive load of assembly workers on the shop floor, thus focusing the development on applicability and usability of the tool in practice. With this purpose in mind, focus of the method development has been on the practitioners, i.e. the method should not require any expert knowledge to be applied. The CLAM method and accompanying documentation such as a handbook containing instructions towards using the method and interpreting the results, is available in an online tool.

  • 21.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Kolbeinsson, Ari
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Embodied Interactions in Cognitive Manufacturing2020In: Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering: Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering, and the AHFE International Conference on Industrial Cognitive Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology, July 24-28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA / [ed] Hasan Ayaz, Springer , 2020, p. 419-426Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a discussion on the role of embodied interaction with a basis in social embodiment effects and how they can be viewed in light of manufacturing ergonomics. The social embodiment effects are four statements, grounded in empirical findings, which highlight the interplay of social stimuli, embodied responses, and cognitive processing. They suggest and base an argument for how embodiment is central to cognitive processing, how bodily states interact extensively with cognitive states, and ultimately how embodied interaction is ubiquitous in human cognition. The paper further presents a view on how human based manufacturing can be studied in light of this argument, exploring other areas where social embodiment has been further researched, with an aim to suggest examples of where social embodiment effects might be found in manufacturing ergonomics and form a basis for future investigations. 

  • 22.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Schmitz, Sebastian
    FIR at RWTH Achen, Germany.
    Modified pluralistic walkthrough for method evaluation in manufacturing2015In: Procedia Manufacturing, E-ISSN 2351-9789, Vol. 3, p. 5139-5146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a mixed evaluation design including quantitative and qualitative datain order to validate the scope, validity, and reliability of a recently developed CLAM method and tool. A central part of the evaluation was the use of a modified pluralistic walkthroughthat was created to better suit the industrial domain. The evaluation of CLAM was performed in a demonstration factory focusing on manufacturing of street scooters and electric pedal cars. The modified walkthrough was conducted on the shop floor, during on-going assembly, which stresses the representativeness of a real-world setting of manufacturing. The modified pluralistic walkthrough functioned accurately as an evaluation method of CLAM and the exhaustive comments and data from the user representatives were very beneficial. The quantitative results show convicting evidence of CLAM’s utility for assessing cognitive load while the qualitative results indicate that some modifications have to be made in order to enhance the actual tool in order to avoid misinterpretations resulting in misleading outcomes.

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