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  • 1.
    Svensson, Mikael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Class and the use of racist discourses2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In research, and especially quantitative research, the working class is often singled out as more xenophobic than other classes. Interestingly, however it appears that working class people have relationships with "immigrants" to a larger extent. The aim of this presentation is not to determine which class is the most xenophobic, but rather to interrogate why and how class may be important for understanding people’s use of racist discourses in different social contexts. The empirical findings consist ofqualitative interviews with (1) people in working class positions (based on occupation, employment relations and income) who are living in a working class area, and (2) people in higher class positions in a socioeconomically more favorable area.The main argument in this paper is that the discourses that are – or are seen as – available, are conditioned by the different class positions people occupy. I will mainly focus on three empirical findings: 1) the interviewees mainly use discourses that are also accepted by their friends and colleagues; 2) the interviewees often refer to similar discourses but they do not use them the same wayor for the same purposes; and 3) dominant discourses on “race” and “ethnicity” are more often reproduced in cases where interviewees have limited – or lack - personal experiences of specific racialized groups. To conclude, I argue that the reasons behind people’s useof racist discourses, and the meanings that are attached to them, needs to be understood in relation to the diverse – class conditioned –social contexts in which people live.

  • 2.
    Svensson, Mikael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Hur klass gör skillnad: Klasspositionens betydelse för rasistiska och negativt särskiljande praktiker2019Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Previous research concludes that working-class people in general exhibit more negative attitudes towards people with immigrant backgrounds than people in more privileged class positions. However, whilst primarily drawing on quantitative methods, these studies fail to explain how class comes to matter, and even less is known about tangible everyday practices. The thesis examines how class positions affect racist and negatively distinctive practices against persons of immigrant background. The aim is to explore (i) class differences with regard to which negative distinctive practices mainly occur in relation to different class positions and (ii) to identify generative mechanisms of importance to the practitioners, with particular attention to class-specific contexts, such as the workplace, the labor market and housing.

    This class-comparative study draws on data from twenty qualitative interviews: ten interviews with people in working class positions, living in a working class area; ten interviews with people in more privileged class positions, living in a socio-economically more privileged area. In addition, participant observations were conducted in the two residential areas. The sampling relies on a combination of Marxian and Weberian class criteria, in which conditions of production, occupation and income have been the main criteria for constructing the two different groups. To enable comparisons, eight categories of practice were constructed on the basis of theoretical and empirical arguments.

    The result shows that categories of practice vary between class positions; e.g. exploiting and corrective practices are characteristic for those in more privileged class positions, while excluding and avoidance practices are more common among those in working class positions. The study also shows that the causes of these practices can vary depending on the class position of the practitioner. The class structure is a mechanism in itself and has different effects on people in different class positions. Perceived class interests in relation to workers of ‘immigrant  background’ and the degree of authority in the workplace are both examples of this. Moreover, several other mechanisms are identified, negative notions of persons of immigrant background underpinned by imagined and actual norm circles, exclusion mechanisms linked to profession and language and the pursuit of class and upward status mobility in hierarchically racialized labor and housing markets.

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  • 3.
    Svensson, Mikael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    Researching the Significance of Social Class and  Education relative to Peoples Relationship to Whom They see as Immigrants or Ethnically Different?2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Svensson, Mikael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    The Importance of Class for Understanding Racist Discourses  : A Comparative Study of People with Different Positions in the Swedish Class Structure2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In research, and especially quantitative research, the working class is often singled out as more xenophobic than other classes. However, it appears that the working class has actual relationships with "immigrants" to a larger extent. Rather than determining which class is the most xenophobic, the aim of this paper is to discuss the relevance of dominant theories about class and racism in relation to empirical findings, and more specifically to interrogate why and how class may be important for understanding people’s use of racist discourses in different social contexts. This paper is based on an ongoing research project that focuses on the relationship between people's class positions and their practices towards people that they construct as "the other", as "immigrant" or "ethnically different". The empirical findings consist of qualitative interviews with (1) people with working class positions (based on their work, employment relations and income) living in a working class area, and (2) people with higher class positions living in an more socioeconomically favorable area. Both areas are located in one of Sweden’s largest cities.

    In the paper, I discuss both social psychological theories that focus on people's desire for a positive social identity and other theories, mainly Marxist, that are based on people's position in the relations of production. The paper argues that which discourses, that are available or are seen as reasonable, are conditioned by people’s different class positions. This also means that the reasons behind people’s use of racist discourses and the meanings these are filled with need to be understood in relation to the diverse – class conditioned – social contexts in which people live.

  • 5.
    Svensson, Mikael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology.
    The position of “race” in Margaret Archers morphogenetic approach 2011Conference paper (Other academic)
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