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  • 1.
    Aithal, Guruprasad P.
    et al.
    Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, NIHR Nottingham Digest Dis Biomed Res Unit, Nottingham, England..
    Nicoletti, Paola
    Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA..
    Bjornsson, Einar
    Landspitali Univ Hosp, Reykjavik, Iceland..
    Lucena, M. I.
    CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain.;Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain..
    Andrade, Raul J.
    CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain.;Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain..
    Grove, Jane
    Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, NIHR Nottingham Digest Dis Biomed Res Unit, Nottingham, England..
    Stephens, C.
    Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain..
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H.
    Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Martin, Jennifer H.
    Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.;Princess Alexandra Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia..
    Cascorbi, Ingolf
    Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany..
    Dillon, John F.
    Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dundee, Scotland..
    Laitinen, Tarja
    Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland..
    Larrey, Dominique G.
    Hop St Eloi, Montpellier, France..
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Univ London, Kings Coll London, London SW3 6LX, England..
    Kullak-Ublick, Gerd A.
    Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Ibanez, Luisa
    Hosp Univ Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain..
    Pirmohamed, Munir
    Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England..
    Qin, Shengying
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China..
    Sawle, Ashley
    Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA..
    Bessone, Fernando
    Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Ciencias Med, RA-2000 Rosario, Argentina..
    Hernandez, Nelia
    Univ Republ, Mentevideo, Uruguay..
    Stolz, Andrew
    Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA..
    Chalasani, Naga P.
    Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA..
    Serrano, Jose
    Natl Inst Diabet & Digest & Kidney Dis, Bethesda, MD USA..
    Barnhart, Huiman X.
    Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Fontana, Robert J.
    Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA..
    Watkins, Paul
    Hamner UNC Inst Drug Safety Sci, Durham, NC USA..
    Urban, Thomas J.
    UNC Eshelman Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC USA..
    Daly, Ann K.
    Newcastle Univ, Newcastle, NSW, Australia..
    HLA-A*33:01 is strongly associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to terbinafine and several other unrelated compounds2015In: Hepatology, ISSN 0270-9139, E-ISSN 1527-3350, Vol. 62, p. 325A-326AArticle in journal (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Attelind, Sofia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Swedish Med Prod Agcy, Dept Drug Safety, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Uppsala Clin Res Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Sundstroem, Anders
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Identification of risk factors for adverse drug reactions in a pharmacovigilance database2023In: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, ISSN 1053-8569, E-ISSN 1099-1557, Vol. 32, no 12, p. 1431-1438Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction In addition to identifying new safety signals, pharmacovigilance databases could be used to identify potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs).Objective To evaluate whether data mining in a pharmacovigilance database can be used to identify known and possible novel risk factors for ADRs, for use in pharmacovigilance practice.Method Exploratory data mining was performed within the Swedish national database of spontaneously reported ADRs. Bleeding associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)-rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran-was used as a test model. We compared demographics, drug treatment, and clinical features between cases with bleeding (N = 965) and controls who had experienced other serious ADRs to DOACs (N = 511). Statistical analysis was performed by unadjusted and age adjusted logistic regression models, and the random forest based machine-learning method Boruta.Results In the logistic regression, 13 factors were significantly more common among cases of bleeding compared with controls. Eleven were labelled or previously proposed risk factors. Cardiac arrhythmia (e.g., atrial fibrillation), hypertension, mental impairment disorders (e.g., dementia), renal and urinary tract procedures, gastrointestinal ulceration and perforation, and interacting drugs remained significant after adjustment for age. In the Boruta analysis, high age, arrhythmia, hypertension, cardiac failure, thromboembolism, and pharmacodynamically interacting drugs had a larger than random association with the outcome. High age, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, cardiac failure, and pharmacodynamically interacting drugs had odds ratios for bleeding above one, while thromboembolism had an odds ratio below one.Conclusions We demonstrated that data mining within a pharmacovigilance database identifies known risk factors for DOAC bleeding, and potential risk factors such as dementia and atrial fibrillation. We propose that the method could be used in pharmacovigilance for identification of potential ADR risk factors that merit further evaluation.

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  • 3.
    Attelind, Sofia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hamberg, Anna-Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Siegbahn, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR). Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Coagulation and inflammation science.
    Granger, Christopher B.
    Duke Med, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Lopes, Renato D.
    Duke Med, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Alexander, John H.
    Duke Med, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA..
    Wallentin, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Genetic determinants of apixaban plasma levels and their relationship to bleeding and thromboembolic events2022In: Frontiers in Genetics, E-ISSN 1664-8021, Vol. 13, article id 982955Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant, a factor Xa inhibitor, used for the prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite using recommended dosing a few patients might still experience bleeding or lack of efficacy that might be related to inappropriate drug exposure. We conducted a genome-wide association study using data from 1,325 participants in the pivotal phase three trial of apixaban with the aim to identify genetic factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of apixaban. A candidate gene analysis was also performed for pre-specified variants in ABCB1, ABCG2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and SULT1A1, with a subsequent analysis of all available polymorphisms within the candidate genes. Significant findings were further evaluated to assess a potential association with clinical outcome such as bleeding or thromboembolic events. No variant was consistently associated with an altered apixaban exposure on a genome-wide level. The candidate gene analyses showed a statistically significant association with a well-known variant in the drug transporter gene ABCG2 (c.421G > T, rs2231142). Patients carrying this variant had a higher exposure to apixaban [area under the curve (AUC), beta = 151 (95% CI 59-243), p = 0.001]. On average, heterozygotes displayed a 5% increase of AUC and homozygotes a 17% increase of AUC, compared with homozygotes for the wild-type allele. Bleeding or thromboembolic events were not significantly associated with ABCG2 rs2231142. This large genome-wide study demonstrates that genetic variation in the drug transporter gene ABCG2 is associated with the pharmacokinetics of apixaban. However, the influence of this finding on drug exposure was small, and further studies are needed to better understand whether it is of relevance for ischemic and bleeding events.

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  • 4. Bertulyte, Ilma
    et al.
    Schwan, Sofie
    Schubert, Jessica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Risk Factors for Carbamazepine Induced Serious Skin Reactions2012In: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, ISSN 1053-8569, E-ISSN 1099-1557, Vol. 21, no SI:3, p. 441-441Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Cavalli, Marco
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics and Neurobiology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR). Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Karlsson Sundbaum, Johanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology. Luleå Univ Technol, Dept Hlth Sci, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
    Wallenberg, Matilda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Svensk Dos AB, Box 2, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kohnke, Hugo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Baecklund, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Genome-wide association study of liver enzyme elevation in an extended cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients starting low-dose methotrexate2022In: Pharmacogenomics (London), ISSN 1462-2416, E-ISSN 1744-8042, Vol. 23, no 15, p. 813-820Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: A follow-up genome-wide association study (GWAS) in an extended cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients starting low-dose methotrexate (MTX) treatment was performed to identify further genetic variants associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation. Patients & methods: A GWAS was performed on 346 RA patients. Two outcomes within the first 6 months of MTX treatment were assessed: ALT >1.5-times the upper level of normal (ULN) and maximum level of ALT. Results: SPATA9 (rs72783407) was significantly associated with maximum level of ALT (p = 2.58 x 10(-8)) and PLCG2 (rs60427389) was tentatively associated with ALT >1.5 x ULN. Conclusion: Associations with SNPs in genes related to male fertility (SPATA9) and inflammatory processes (PLCG2) were identified.

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  • 6.
    Cirulli, Elizabeth T.
    et al.
    Duke Univ, Duke Ctr Appl Genom & Precis Med, Durham, NC USA.
    Nicoletti, Paola
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, One Gustave Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA;Sema4, Stamford, CT USA.
    Abramson, Karen
    Duke Univ, Duke Mol Physiol Inst, Durham, NC USA.
    Andrade, Raul J.
    Univ Malaga, Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, UGC Digest,Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Malaga, Spain;Univ Malaga, IBIMA Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain;CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain.
    Bjornsson, Einar S.
    Landspitali Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Chalasani, Naga
    Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
    Fontana, Robert J.
    Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Li, Yi Ju
    Duke Univ, Duke Mol Physiol Inst, Durham, NC USA;Duke Univ, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA.
    Lucena, M. Isabel
    Univ Malaga, Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, UGC Digest,Inst Invest Biomed Malaga IBIMA, Malaga, Spain;Univ Malaga, IBIMA Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain;CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain.
    Long, Nanye
    Michigan State Univ, Inst Cyber Enabled Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England;Kings Coll London, London, England.
    Nelson, Matthew R.
    GSK, Target Sci, King Of Prussia, PA USA.
    Odin, Joseph A.
    Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA.
    Pirmohamed, Munir
    Univ Liverpool, Dept Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England;Univ Liverpool, Inst Translat Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Rafnar, Thorunn
    deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Serrano, Jose
    NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
    Stefansson, Kari
    deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Stolz, Andrew
    Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA.
    Daly, Ann K.
    Newcastle Univ, Inst Cellular Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
    Aithal, Guruprasad P.
    Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Nottingham Digest Dis Ctr, Nottingham, England;Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Nottingham Biomed Res Ctr, Nottingham, England;Univ Nottingham, Nottingham, England;Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Nottingham Digest Dis Biomed Res Unit, Natl Inst Hlth Res, Nottingham, England.
    Watkins, Paul B.
    Univ N Carolina, UNC Eshelman Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA;Univ N Carolina, Inst Drug Safety Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
    Bessone, Fernando
    Univ Nacl Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
    Bjornsson, Einar
    Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    Cascorbi, Ingolf
    Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Kiel, Germany.
    Dillon, John F.
    Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dundee, Scotland.
    Day, Christopher P.
    Newcastle Univ, Inst Cellular Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
    Hernandez, Nelia
    Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
    Ibanez, Luisa
    Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Barcelona, Spain.
    Kullak-Ublic, Gerd A.
    Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Laitinen, Tarja
    Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland.
    Larrey, Dominique
    Hop St Eloi, Montpellier, France.
    Maitland-van der Zee, Anke
    AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Martin, Jennifer H.
    Univ Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
    Menzies, Dick
    MUHC, Montreal, PQ, Canada;McGill Univ, Montreal Chest Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
    Qin, Shengying
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    A Missense Variant in PTPN22 is a Risk Factor for Drug-induced Liver Injury2019In: Gastroenterology, ISSN 0016-5085, E-ISSN 1528-0012, Vol. 156, no 6, p. 1707-1716Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND & AIMS: We performed genetic analyses of a multiethnic cohort of patients with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) to identify variants associated with susceptibility.

    METHODS: We performed a genome-wide association study of 2048 individuals with DILI (cases) and 12,429 individuals without (controls). Our analysis included subjects of European (1806 cases and 10,397 controls), African American (133 cases and 1,314 controls), and Hispanic (109 cases and 718 controls) ancestry. We analyzed DNA from 113 Icelandic cases and 239,304 controls to validate our findings.

    RESULTS: We associated idiosyncratic DILI with rs2476601, a nonsynonymous polymorphism that encodes a substitution of tryptophan with arginine in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 22 gene (PTPN22) (odds ratio [OR] 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.62; P = 1.2 x 10(-9) and replicated the finding in the validation set (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.09-1.99; P =.01). The minor allele frequency showed the same effect size (OR > 1) among ethnic groups. The strongest association was with amoxicillin and clavulanate-associated DILI in persons of European ancestry (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.32-1.98; P = 4.0 x 10(-6); allele frequency = 13.3%), but the polymorphism was associated with DILI of other causes (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.21-1.56; P = 1.5 x 10(-6); allele frequency = 11.5%). Among amoxicillin-and clavulanate-associated cases of European ancestry, rs2476601 doubled the risk for DILI among those with the HLA risk alleles A* 02: 01 and DRB1* 15: 01.

    CONCLUSIONS: In a genome-wide association study, we identified rs2476601 in PTPN22 as a non-HLA variant that associates with risk of liver injury caused by multiple drugs and validated our finding in a separate cohort. This variant has been associated with increased risk of autoimmune diseases, providing support for the concept that alterations in immune regulation contribute to idiosyncratic DILI.

  • 7.
    Cismaru, Anca Liliana
    et al.
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.;Univ Bern, Grad Sch Cellular & Biomed Sci, Bern, Switzerland..
    Grimm, Livia
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland..
    Rudin, Deborah
    Univ Hosp Basel, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Basel, Switzerland.;Univ Basel, Dept Biomed, Basel, Switzerland..
    Ibanez, Luisa
    Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Fdn Inst Catala Farmacol, Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Dept Pharmacol Therapeut & Toxicol,Clin Pharmacol, Barcelona, Spain..
    Liakoni, Evangelia
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Internal Med, Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol,Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.;Univ Bern, Inst Pharmacol, Bern, Switzerland..
    Bonadies, Nicolas
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Hematol, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.;Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Cent Hematol Lab, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland..
    Kreutz, Reinhold
    Charite Univ Med Berlin, Berlin, Germany.;Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany.;Humboldt Univ, Berlin, Germany.;Berlin Inst Hlth, Inst Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol, Berlin, Germany..
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Haschke, Manuel
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Internal Med, Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol,Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.;Univ Bern, Inst Pharmacol, Bern, Switzerland..
    Largiader, Carlo R.
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland..
    Amstutz, Ursula
    Univ Bern, Bern Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland..
    High-Throughput Sequencing to Investigate Associations Between HLA Genes and Metamizole-Induced Agranulocytosis2020In: Frontiers in Genetics, E-ISSN 1664-8021, Vol. 11, article id 951Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Objective: Agranulocytosis is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of metamizole (dipyrone) intake that is characterized by a loss of circulating neutrophil granulocytes. While the mechanism underlying this adverse drug reaction is not well understood, involvement of the immune system has been suggested. In addition, associations between genetic variants in the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region and agranulocytosis induced by other drugs have been reported. The aim of the present study was to assess whether genetic variants in classical HLA genes are associated with the susceptibility to metamizole-induced agranulocytosis (MIA) in a European population by targeted resequencing of eight HLA genes.

    Design: A case-control cohort of Swiss patients with a history of neutropenia or agranulocytosis associated with metamizole exposure (n = 53), metamizole-tolerant (n = 39) and unexposed controls (n = 161) was recruited for this study. A high-throughput resequencing (HTS) and high-resolution typing method was used to sequence and analyze eight HLA loci in a discovery subset of this cohort (n = 31 cases, n = 38 controls). Identified candidate alleles were investigated in the full Swiss cohort as well as in two independent cohorts from Germany and Spain using HLA imputation from genome-wide SNP array data. In addition, variant calling based on HTS data was performed in the discovery subset for the class I genes HLA-A, -B, and -C using the HLA-specific mapper hla-mapper.

    Results: Eight candidate alleles (p < 0.05) were identified in the discovery subset, of which HLA-C04:01 was associated with MIA in the full Swiss cohort (p < 0.01) restricted to agranulocytosis (ANC < 0.5 × 109/L) cases. However, no candidate allele showed a consistent association in the Swiss, German and Spanish cohorts. Analysis of individual sequence variants in class I genes produced consistent results with HLA typing but did not reveal additional small nucleotide variants associated with MIA.

    Conclusion: Our results do not support an HLA-restricted T cell-mediated immune mechanism for MIA. However, we established an efficient high-resolution (three-field) eight-locus HTS HLA resequencing method to interrogate the HLA region and demonstrated the feasibility of its application to pharmacogenetic studies.

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  • 8.
    Cismaru, Anca Liliana
    et al.
    Univ Bern, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Univ Bern, Grad Sch Cellular & Biomed Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Rudin, Deborah
    Univ Basel, Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Univ Basel, Dept Biomed, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.
    Ibanez, Luisa
    Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Vall d'Hebron, Clin Pharmacol Serv, Fundacio Inst Catala Farmacol, Dept Pharmacol Ther, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
    Liakoni, Evangelia
    Univ Bern, Univ Hosp Bern, Inselspital, Dept Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Univ Bern, Inst Pharmacol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Bonadies, Nicolas
    Univ Bern, Dept Hematol, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Univ Bern, Cent Hematol Lab, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
    Kreutz, Reinhold
    Charite Univ Med Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Free Univ Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt Univ, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Inst Hlth, Inst Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
    Carvajal, Alfonso
    Univ Valladolid, Ctr Estudios Seguridad Medicamentos, Valladolid 47005, Spain.
    Lucena, Maria Isabel
    Univ Malaga, Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Serv Farmacol Clin, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.
    Martin, Javier
    CSIC, Inst Parasitol & Biomed Lopez Neyra, Granada 18016, Spain.
    Sancho Ponce, Esther
    Hosp Gen Cataluna, Serv Hematol & Banc Sang, Sant Cugat Del Valles 08190, Spain.
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Kings Coll London, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, London WC2R 2LS, England.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Krähenbühl, Stephan
    Univ Basel, Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
    Largiadèr, Carlo R.
    Univ Bern, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
    Haschke, Manuel
    Univ Bern, Univ Hosp Bern, Inselspital, Dept Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; Univ Bern, Inst Pharmacol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Amstutz, Ursula
    Univ Bern, Dept Clin Chem, Inselspital, Univ Hosp Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
    Genome-Wide Association Study of Metamizole-Induced Agranulocytosis in European Populations2020In: Genes, ISSN 2073-4425, E-ISSN 2073-4425, Vol. 11, no 11, article id 1275Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Agranulocytosis is a rare yet severe idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction to metamizole, an analgesic widely used in countries such as Switzerland and Germany. Notably, an underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated and no predictive factors are known to identify at-risk patients. With the aim to identify genetic susceptibility variants to metamizole-induced agranulocytosis (MIA) and neutropenia (MIN), we conducted a retrospective multi-center collaboration including cases and controls from three European populations. Association analyses were performed using genome-wide genotyping data from a Swiss cohort (45 cases, 191 controls) followed by replication in two independent European cohorts (41 cases, 273 controls) and a joint discovery meta-analysis. No genome-wide significant associations (p < 1 × 10−7) were observed in the Swiss cohort or in the joint meta-analysis, and no candidate genes suggesting an immune-mediated mechanism were identified. In the joint meta-analysis of MIA cases across all cohorts, two candidate loci on chromosome 9 were identified, rs55898176 (OR = 4.01, 95%CI: 2.41–6.68, p = 1.01 × 10−7) and rs4427239 (OR = 5.47, 95%CI: 2.81–10.65, p = 5.75 × 10−7), of which the latter is located in the SVEP1 gene previously implicated in hematopoiesis. This first genome-wide association study for MIA identified suggestive associations with biological plausibility that may be used as a stepping-stone for post-GWAS analyses to gain further insight into the mechanism underlying MIA.

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  • 9.
    Englund, Gunilla
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. klin farm.
    Artursson, Per
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Association between the number of coadministered P-glycoprotein inhibitors and serum digoxin levels in patients on therapeutic drug monitoring2004In: BMC Medicine, E-ISSN 1741-7015, Vol. 2, p. 8-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The ABC transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is recognized as a site for drug-drug interactions and provides a mechanistic explanation for clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions with digoxin. The question of whether several P-gp inhibitors may have additive effects has not yet been addressed. METHODS: We evaluated the effects on serum concentrations of digoxin (S-digoxin) in 618 patients undergoing therapeutic drug monitoring. P-gp inhibitors were classified as Class I, with a known effect on digoxin kinetics, or Class II, showing inhibition in vitro but no documented effect on digoxin kinetics in humans. Mean S-digoxin values were compared between groups of patients with different numbers of coadministered P-gp inhibitors by a univariate and a multivariate model, including the potential covariates age, sex, digoxin dose and total number of prescribed drugs. RESULTS: A large proportion (47%) of the digoxin patients undergoing therapeutic drug monitoring had one or more P-gp inhibitor prescribed. In both univariate and multivariate analysis, S-digoxin increased in a stepwise fashion according to the number of coadministered P-gp inhibitors (all P values < 0.01 compared with no P-gp inhibitor). In multivariate analysis, S-digoxin levels were 1.26 +/- 0.04, 1.51 +/- 0.05, 1.59 +/- 0.08 and 2.00 +/- 0.25 nmol/L for zero, one, two and three P-gp inhibitors, respectively. The results were even more pronounced when we analyzed only Class I P-gp inhibitors (1.65 +/- 0.07 for one and 1.83 +/- 0.07 nmol/L for two). CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy may lead to multiple drug-drug interactions at the same site, in this case P-gp. The S-digoxin levels increased in a stepwise fashion with an increasing number of coadministered P-gp inhibitors in patients taking P-gp inhibitors and digoxin concomitantly. As coadministration of digoxin and P-gp inhibitors is common, it is important to increase awareness about P-gp interactions among prescribing clinicians.

  • 10.
    Floyd, James S.
    et al.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Bloch, Katarzyna M.
    Univ Liverpool, MRC Ctr Drug Safety Sci, Dept Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Brody, Jennifer A.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Maroteau, Cyrielle
    Univ Dundee, Div Mol & Clin Med, Dundee, Scotland.
    Siddiqui, Moneeza K.
    Univ Dundee, Div Mol & Clin Med, Dundee, Scotland.
    Gregory, Richard
    Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Funct & Comparat Genom, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Carr, Daniel F.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England.
    Liu, Xiaoming
    Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Bis, Joshua C.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Ahmed, Ammar
    Univ Liverpool, Sch Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Liu, Xuan
    Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Funct & Comparat Genom, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala Univ, Univ Uppsala Hosp.
    Yue, Qun-Ying
    Med Prod Agcy, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Swedish Twin Registry, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Brisson, Diane
    Univ Montreal, Community Gene Med Ctr, Clin Lipidol & Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Dept Med,Lipid Clin,Chicoutimi Hosp, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada;ECOGENE 21 Clin & Translat Res Ctr, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada.
    Wiggins, Kerri L.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Morrison, Alanna C.
    Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Genet, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Khoury, Etienne
    Univ Montreal, Community Gene Med Ctr, Clin Lipidol & Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Dept Med,Lipid Clin,Chicoutimi Hosp, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada;ECOGENE 21 Clin & Translat Res Ctr, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada.
    McKeigue, Paul
    Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Usher Inst Populat Hlth Sci & Informat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
    Stricker, Bruno H.
    Erasmus MC, Dept Epidemiol, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Lapeyre-Mestre, Maryse
    Paul Sabatier Univ Toulouse III, UPS Toulouse, Lab Pharmacol Med & Clin, Toulouse, France.
    Heckbert, Susan R.
    Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Gallagher, Arlene M.
    Clin Practice Res Datalink CPRD Med & Healthcare, London, England.
    Chinoy, Hector
    Salford Royal NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Salford, Lancs, England.
    Gibbs, Richard A.
    Baylor Coll Med, Human Genome Sequencing Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Bondon-Guitton, Emmanuelle
    CHU Toulouse, Ctr Pharmacovigilance, Toulouse, France.
    Tracy, Russell
    Univ Vermont, Larner Coll Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Burlington, VT USA;Univ Vermont, Dept Biochem, Larner Coll Med, Burlington, VT 05405 USA.
    Boerwinkle, Eric
    Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Genet, Dept Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Gaudet, Daniel
    Univ Montreal, Community Gene Med Ctr, Clin Lipidol & Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Dept Med,Lipid Clin,Chicoutimi Hosp, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada;ECOGENE 21 Clin & Translat Res Ctr, Chicoutimi, PQ, Canada.
    Conforti, Anita
    Policlin Gb Rossi, UO Farmacol, Verona, Italy.
    van Staa, Tjeerd
    Univ Manchester, Div Informat Imaging & Data Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England.
    Sitlani, Colleen M.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Rice, Kenneth M.
    Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Maitland-van der Zee, Anke-Hilse
    AMC, Resp Med Pediat Resp Med, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Morris, Andrew P.
    Univ Liverpool, Dept Biostat, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Pirmohamed, Munir
    Univ Liverpool, MRC Ctr Drug Safety Sci, Dept Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Palmer, Colin A. N.
    Univ Dundee, Div Mol & Clin Med, Dundee, Scotland.
    Psaty, Bruce M.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Alfirevic, Ana
    Univ Liverpool, MRC Ctr Drug Safety Sci, Dept Mol & Clin Pharmacol, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.
    Baranova, Ekaterina V.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Aaspollu, Anu
    McCarthy, Alun
    Delrieu, Olivier
    Pharmacogenomics of statin-related myopathy: Meta-analysis of rare variants from whole-exome sequencing2019In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 14, no 6, article id e0218115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims Statin-related myopathy (SRM), which includes rhabdomyolysis, is an uncommon but important adverse drug reaction because the number of people prescribed statins worldwide is large. Previous association studies of common genetic variants have had limited success in identifying a genetic basis for this adverse drug reaction. We conducted a multi-site whole-exome sequencing study to investigate whether rare coding variants confer an increased risk of SRM. Methods and results SRM 3-5 cases (N = 505) and statin treatment-tolerant controls (N = 2047) were recruited from multiple sites in North America and Europe. SRM 3-5 was defined as symptoms consistent with muscle injury and an elevated creatine phosphokinase level >4 times upper limit of normal without another likely cause of muscle injury. Whole-exome sequencing and variant calling was coordinated from two analysis centres, and results of single-variant and gene-based burden tests were meta-analysed. No genome-wide significant associations were identified. Given the large number of cases, we had 80% power to identify a variant with minor allele frequency of 0.01 that increases the risk of SRM 6-fold at genome-wide significance. Conclusions In this large whole-exome sequencing study of severe statin-related muscle injury conducted to date, we did not find evidence that rare coding variants are responsible for this adverse drug reaction. Larger sample sizes would be required to identify rare variants with small effects, but it is unclear whether such findings would be clinically actionable.

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  • 11.
    Fung, P. P. L.
    et al.
    UCL, Univ Coll London Hosp, Eastman Dent Inst & Hosp, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England..
    Bedogni, G.
    Liver Res Ctr, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Trieste, Italy..
    Bedogni, A.
    Univ Verona, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Verona, Italy.;Univ Padua, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Padua, Italy..
    Petrie, A.
    UCL, Univ Coll London Hosp, Eastman Dent Inst & Hosp, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England..
    Porter, S.
    UCL, Univ Coll London Hosp, Eastman Dent Inst & Hosp, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England..
    Campisi, G.
    Univ Palermo, Dip Discipline Chirurg Oncol & Stomatol, Palermo, Italy..
    Bagan, J.
    Univ Valencia, Univ Gen Hosp, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Oral Med, Valencia, Spain..
    Fusco, V.
    Osped SS Antonio & Biagio & C Arrigo, Med Oncol Unit, Dept Oncol & Haematol, Alessandria, Italy..
    Saia, G.
    Univ Padua, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Padua, Italy..
    Acham, S.
    Med Univ Graz, Dept Oral Surg & Orthodont, Univ Clin Dent Hlth & Oral Med, Graz, Austria..
    Musto, P.
    IRCCS, Sci Direct, Referral Canc Ctr Basilicata, Potenza, Italy..
    Petrucci, M. T.
    Sapienza Univ, Dept Cellular Biotechnol & Haematol, Rome, Italy..
    Diz, P.
    Santiago de Compostela Univ, Sch Med & Dent, Santiago, Spain..
    Colella, G.
    Univ Naples 2, Dept Med Surg & Dent Specialties, Naples, Italy..
    Mignogna, M. D.
    Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Neurosci Reprod & Odontostomatol Sci, Head & Neck Clin Sect, Naples, Italy..
    Pentenero, M.
    Univ Turin, Oral Med & Oral Oncol Unit, Dept Oncol, Turin, Italy..
    Arduino, P.
    Univ Turin, CIR Dent Sch, Turin, Italy..
    Lodi, G.
    Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Biomed Chirurg & Odontoiatr, Milan, Italy..
    Maiorana, C.
    Univ Milan, Fdn IRCCS Policlin Ca Granda, Dipartimento Sci Biomed Chirurg & Odontoiatr, Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy..
    Manfredi, M.
    Parma Univ, Dipartimento Sci Biomed Biotecnol & Translaz S Bi, Unit Odontostomatol, Parma, Italy..
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Takaoka, K.
    Hyogo Coll Med, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan..
    Leung, Y. Y.
    Univ Hong Kong, Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Fac Dent, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China..
    Bonacina, R.
    Osped Papa Giovanni XXIII, Dept Dent, Bergamo, Italy..
    Schiodt, M.
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Rigshosp, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Lakatos, P.
    Semmelweis Univ, Dept Med 1, Sch Med, Budapest, Hungary..
    Taylor, T.
    Kings Coll Hosp London, Dept Oral Surg, London, England..
    De Riu, G.
    Univ Hosp Sassari, Dept Maxillofacial Surg, Sassari, Italy..
    Favini, G.
    San Francesco Hosp, Dept Dent, Nuoro, Italy..
    Rogers, S. N.
    Aintree Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Pirmohamed, M.
    Univ Liverpool, Inst Translat Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England..
    Nicoletti, P.
    Columbia Univ, Dept Syst Biol, New York, NY USA..
    Fedele, S.
    UCL, Univ Coll London Hosp, Eastman Dent Inst & Hosp, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England.;NIHR Univ Coll London Hosp, Biomed Res Ctr, London, England..
    Time to onset of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a multicentre retrospective cohort study2017In: Oral Diseases, ISSN 1354-523X, E-ISSN 1601-0825, Vol. 23, no 4, p. 477-483Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a potentially severe adverse effect of bisphosphonates (BP). Although the risk of ONJ increases with increasing duration of BP treatment, there are currently no reliable estimates of the ONJ time to onset (TTO). The objective of this study was to estimate the TTO and associated risk factors in BP-treated patients.

    Subjects and Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from 22 secondary care centres in seven countries relevant to 349 patients who developed BP-related ONJ between 2004 and 2012.

    Results: The median (95%CI) TTO was 6.0 years in patients treated with alendronate (n=88) and 2.2years in those treated with zoledronate (n=218). Multivariable Cox regression showed that dentoalveolar surgery was inversely associated, and the use of antiangiogenics directly associated, with the TTO in patients with cancer treated with zoledronate.

    Conclusions: The incidence of ONJ increases with the duration of BP therapy, with notable differences observed with respect to BP type and potency, route of administration and underlying disease. When data are stratified by BP type, a time of 6.0 and 2.2years of oral alendronate and intravenous zoledronate therapy, respectively, is required for 50% of patients to develop ONJ. After stratification by disease, a time of 5.3 and 2.2years of BP therapy is required for 50% of patients with osteoporosis and cancer, respectively, to develop ONJ. These findings have significant implications for the design of future clinical studies and the development of risk-reduction strategies aimed at either assessing or modulating the risk of ONJ associated with BP.

  • 12.
    Ghouse, Jonas
    et al.
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 9312,Juliane Maries Vej 20, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Copenhagen, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Biomed Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Ahlberg, Gustav
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 9312,Juliane Maries Vej 20, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Copenhagen, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Biomed Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Andreasen, Laura
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 9312,Juliane Maries Vej 20, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Copenhagen, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Biomed Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Banasi, Karina
    Univ Copenhagen, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Prot Res, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Translat Dis Syst Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Brunak, Soren
    Univ Copenhagen, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Prot Res, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Translat Dis Syst Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Schwinn, Michael
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Immunol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Larsen, Ina Holst
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Immunol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Petersen, Oscar
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Immunol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Sorensen, Erik
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Immunol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Ullum, Henrik
    Statens Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Rasmussen, Eva Rye
    Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg & Audiol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR).
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Bundgaard, Henning
    Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Dept Cardiol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Olesen, Morten S.
    Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Cardiol, Bldg 9312,Juliane Maries Vej 20, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Copenhagen, Lab Mol Cardiol, Dept Biomed Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark..
    Association of Variants Near the Bradykinin Receptor B2 Gene With Angioedema in Patients Taking ACE Inhibitors2021In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology, ISSN 0735-1097, E-ISSN 1558-3597, Vol. 78, no 7, p. 696-709Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND Angioedema is a rare but potentially life-threatening adverse reaction associated with angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Identification of potential genetic factors related to this adverse event may help identify at-risk patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify genetic factors associated with ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema. METHODS A genomewide association study involving patients of European descent, all taking ACE inhibitors, was conducted in a discovery cohort (Copenhagen Hospital Biobank), and associations were confirmed in a replication cohort (Swedegene). Cases were defined as subjects with angioedema events and filled prescriptions for ACE inhibitors #180 days before the events. Control subjects were defined as those with continuous treatment with ACE inhibitors without any history of angioedema. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for angioedema risk using logistic mixed model regression analysis. Summary statistics from the discovery and replication cohorts were analyzed using a fixed-effects meta-analysis model. RESULTS The discovery cohort consisted of 462 cases and 53,391 ACE inhibitor-treated control subjects. The replication cohort consisted of 142 cases and 1,345 ACE inhibitor-treated control subjects. In the discovery cohort, 1 locus, residing at chromosome 14q32.2, was identified that associated with angioedema at the genomewide significance level of P <5 x 10-8. The lead variant at this locus, rs34485356, is an intergenic variant located 60 kb upstream of BDKRB2 (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.38 to 1.90; P = 4.3 x 10-9). This variant was validated in our replication cohort with a similar direction and effect size (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.25; P = 7.2 x 10-3). We found that carriers of the risk allele had significantly lower systolic (-0.46 mm Hg per T allele; 95% CI:-0.83 to-0.10; P = 0.013) and diastolic (-0.26 mm Hg per T allele; 95% CI:-0.46 to-0.05; P = 0.013) blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS In this genomewide association study involving individuals treated with ACE inhibitors, we found that common variants located in close proximity to the bradykinin receptor B2 gene were associated with increased risk for ACE inhibitor-related angioedema. 

  • 13. Grudén, Sofie
    et al.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology.
    Är något SSRI-preparat att föredra vad gäller sexuella biverkningar?2008In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, no 26, p. 1949-1949Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Collin, Sofie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Preventivt arbete kan minska läkemedelsbiverkningar2017In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 114, article id ERYWArticle in journal (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Ibanez, Luisa
    Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Fundacio Inst Catala Farmacol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain..
    Bondon-Guitton, Emmanuelle
    Univ Toulouse, Serv Pharmacol Med & Clin, Ctr Hosp Univ, Fac Med, Toulouse, France..
    Kreutz, Reinhold
    Charite, Inst Klin Pharmakol & Toxikol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany..
    Carvajal, Alfonso
    Univ Valladolid, Ctr Estudios Seguridad Medicamentos, Valladolid, Spain..
    Isabel Lucena, M.
    Univ Malaga, Hosp Univ Virgen de la Victoria, Inst Invest Biomed Malaga, Farmacol Clin S, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.;Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain..
    Sancho Ponce, Esther
    Hosp Gen Cataluna, Serv Hematol & Banc Sang, Sant Cugat Del Valles, Spain..
    Molokhia, Mariam
    Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Res Biomed Res Ctr, Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth Sci, London, England.;Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England..
    Martin, Javier
    CSIC, Inst Parasitol & Biomed Lopez Neyra, Granada, Spain..
    Axelsson, Tomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Yue, Qun-Ying
    Med Prod Agcy, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Swedish Twin Registry, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Genetic variants associated with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: a genome-wide association study in a European population2016In: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, ISSN 2213-8587, E-ISSN 2213-8595, Vol. 4, no 6, p. 507-516Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Drug-induced agranulocytosis is a potentially life-threatening adverse reaction. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in ethnic Chinese people in Taiwan and Hong Kong have shown an association between agranulocytosis induced by antithyroid drugs and the HLA alleles HLA-B*38:02 and HLA-DRB1*08:03. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis in a white European population.

    Methods: We did a GWAS in 234 European adults with any non-chemotherapy drug-induced agranulocytosis (absolute neutrophil count <= 0.5 x 10(9)/L [<= 500/mu L]) and 5170 population controls. 39 of the 234 patients had agranulocytosis that was induced by antithyroid drugs (thiamazole [methimazole], carbimazole, or propylthiouracil). After imputation and HLA allele prediction, 9 380 034 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 180 HLA alleles were tested for association. The genome-wide significance threshold was p<5 x 10(-8).

    Findings: Agranulocytosis induced by non-chemotherapy drugs in general was significantly associated with the HLA region on chromosome 6, with odds ratios (ORs) of 3.24 (95% CI 2.31-4.55, p = 1.20 x 10(-11)) for HLA-B*27:05 and 3.57 (2.61-4.90, p = 2.32 x 10(-15)) for the top SNP (rs114291795). Drug-specific analysis showed that the association with HLA-B*27: 05 was largely driven by cases induced by antithyroid drugs. In a multiple logistic regression model, the OR for HLA-B*27: 05 was 7.30 (3.81-13.96) when antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis was compared with population controls (p= 1.91 x 10(-9)) and 16.91 (3.44-83.17) when compared with a small group of hyperthyroid controls (p = 5.04 x 10(-4)). Three SNPs were strongly associated with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: rs652888 (OR 4.73, 95% CI 3.00-7.44, p= 1.92 x 10(-11)) and rs199564443 (17.42, 7.38-41.12, p = 7.04 x 10(-11)), which were independent of HLA-B*27:05, and rs1071816 (5.27, 3.06-9.10, p = 2.35 x 10(-9)) which was in moderate linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B*27:05. In heterozygous carriers of all three SNPs, the predicted probability of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis was about 30% (OR 753, 95% CI 105-6812). To avoid one case of agranulocytosis, based on the possible risk reduction if all three SNPs are genotyped and carriers are treated or monitored differently from non-carriers, roughly 238 patients would need to be genotyped.

    Interpretation: In white European people, antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis was associated with HLA-B* 27: 05 and with other SNPs on chromosome 6. In the future, carriers of these variants could be placed under intensified monitoring or offered alternative treatment for hyperthyroidism.

  • 16.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Hallberg, Ebba
    Amini, Hashem
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Acute pancreatitis following medical abortion: Case report2004In: BMC Women's Health, E-ISSN 1472-6874, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 1-Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis rarely complicates pregnancy. Although most pregnant women with acute pancreatitis have associated gallstones, less common causes such as drugs have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 34-year-old woman who underwent medical abortion with mifepristone and gemeprost and received codeine as pain-relief during the induction of abortion. She developed a severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis which required 14 days of intensive care. Other possible etiological factors, i.e. gallstone, alcohol intake and hyperlipidemia, were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The reported case of acute pancreatitis was most likely drug-induced.

  • 17.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Karlsson, Julia
    Kurland, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Lind, Lars
    Kahan, Thomas
    Malmqvist, Karin
    Öhman, K. Peter
    Nyström, Fredrik
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    The CYP2C9 genotype predicts the blood pressure response to irbesartan: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation vs Atenolol (SILVHIA) trial2002In: Journal of Hypertension, ISSN 0263-6352, E-ISSN 1473-5598, Vol. 20, no 10, p. 2089-2093Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 enzyme (CYP2C9) metabolizes many clinically important drugs, for example, phenytoin, warfarin and the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists, losartan and irbesartan. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2C9 gene result in the expression of three important variants, CYP2C9*1(wild-type), CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3, the last two exhibiting reduced catalytic activity compared with the wild-type. The CYP2C9 genotype is known to determine sensitivity to and dose requirements for both warfarin and phenytoin, and also the rate of metabolism of losartan. However, its influence on clinical response to treatment with the AT(1) receptor antagonist, irbesartan, has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the CYP2C9genotype influences the blood pressure-decreasing response to antihypertensive treatment with irbesartan. DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred and two patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy were allocated randomly to groups to receive double-blind treatment with either irbesartan (n = 49) or the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor blocker, atenolol ( n= 53). Blood pressure was measured before and after 12 weeks of treatment. genotyping was performed using solid-phase minisequencing. RESULTS: The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) response differed in relation to the CYP2C9 genotype in patients given irbesartan: the reduction in patients with genotype CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*1 (n = 33) was 7.5% and that with CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*2 (n = 12) was 14.4% ( P= 0.036). A similar trend was seen for systolic blood pressure. In contrast, no relation was seen between the CYP2C9 genotype and blood pressure response to atenolol, a drug not metabolized via CYP2C9. CONCLUSIONS: The CYP2C9 genotype seems to predict the DBP response to irbesartan, but not to atenolol, in patients with essential hypertension.

  • 18.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Billberger, Katarina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Karlsson, Julia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Kurland, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Kahan, Thomas
    Malmqvist, Karin
    Öhman, K. Peter
    Nyström, Fredrik
    Liljedahl, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Syvänen, Ann-Christne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Transforming growth factor beta1 genotype and change in left ventricular mass during antihypertensive treatment: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA)2004In: Clinical Cardiology, ISSN 0160-9289, E-ISSN 1932-8737, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 169-73Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II, via the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, may mediate myocardial fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy seen in hypertensive left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy through production of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1); AT1-receptor antagonists reverse these changes. The TGF-beta1 G + 915C polymorphism is associated with interindividual variation in TGF-beta1 production. No study has yet determined the impact of this polymorphism on the response to antihypertensive treatment. HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to determine whether the TGF-beta1 G + 915C polymorphism was related to change in LV mass during antihypertensive treatment with either an AT1-receptor antagonists or a beta1-adrenoceptor blocker. The polymorphism was hypothesized to have an impact mainly on the irbesartan group. METHODS: We determined the association between the TGF-beta1 genotype and regression of LV mass in 90 patients with essential hypertension and echocardiographically diagnosed LV hypertrophy, randomized in a double-blind study to receive treatment for 48 weeks with either the AT1-receptor antagonist irbesartan or the beta1-adrenoceptor blocker atenolol. RESULTS: Irbesartan-treated patients who were carriers of the C-allele, which is associated with low expression of TGF-beta1, responded with a markedly greater decrease in LV mass index (LVMI) than subjects with the G/G genotype (adjusted mean change in LVMI -44.7 g/m2 vs. -22.2 g/m2, p = 0.007), independent of blood pressure reduction. No association between genotype and change in LVMI was observed in the atenolol group. CONCLUSIONS: The TGF-beta1 G + 915C polymorphism is related to the change in LVMI in response to antihypertensive treatment with the AT1-receptor antagonist irbesartan.

  • 19.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Karlsson, Julia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Kurland, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Kahan, Thomas
    Malmqvist, Karin
    Öhman, K. Peter
    Nyström, Fredrik
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    B2 bradykinin receptor (B2BKR) polymorphism and change in left ventricular mass in response to antihypertensive treatment: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA) trial2003In: Journal of Hypertension, ISSN 0263-6352, E-ISSN 1473-5598, Vol. 21, no 3, p. 621-4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is associated with a number of adverse morphologic and functional changes in the cardiovascular system, including left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Studies have demonstrated that bradykinin, through the B2 bradykinin receptor (B2BKR), mediates important cardiovascular effects that may protect against LV hypertrophy. Recently, a +9/-9 exon 1 polymorphism of the B2BKR was shown to be strongly associated with LV growth response among normotensive males undergoing physical training. We aimed to clarify whether the processes found in exercise-induced LV growth in normotensive people also occur in pathological LV hypertrophy. DESIGN AND METHODS: We determined the B2BKR genotype of 90 patients with essential hypertension and echocardiographically diagnosed LV hypertrophy, included in a double-blind study to receive treatment for 48 weeks with either the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist irbesartan or the beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol. RESULTS: B2BKR +9/+9 genotypes responded poorly in LV mass regression, independent of blood pressure reduction or treatment, as compared to the other genotypes (adjusted mean change in LV mass index = -10.0 +/- 4.6 versus -21.6 +/- 2.2 g/m2, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an impact of the B2BKR polymorphism on LV mass regression during antihypertensive treatment.

  • 20.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Kurland, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Kahan, Thomas
    Malmqvist, Karin
    Öhman, Karl Peter
    Nyström, Fredrik
    Liljedahl, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine.
    Syvänen, Ann-Christine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase genotype and response to antihypertensive therapy2003In: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, ISSN 1471-2261, E-ISSN 1471-2261, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 11-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase (ALAP) is a recently identified member of the M1 family of zinc-metallopeptidases and is thought to play a role in blood pressure control through inactivation of angiotensin II and/or generation of bradykinin. The enzyme seems to be particularly abundant in the heart. Recently, the Arg528-encoding allele of the ALAP gene was shown to be associated with essential hypertension.

    Methods

    We evaluated the influence of this polymorphism on the change in left ventricular mass index in 90 patients with essential hypertension and echocardiographically diagnosed left ventricular hypertrophy, randomised in a double-blind study to receive treatment with either the angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist irbesartan or the beta1-adrenoceptor blocker atenolol for 48 weeks. Genyotyping was performed using minisequencing.

    Results

    After adjustment for potential covariates (blood pressure and left ventricular mass index at baseline, blood pressure change, age, sex, dose and added antihypertensive treatment), there was a marked difference between the Arg/Arg and Lys/Arg genotypes in patients treated with irbesartan; those with the Arg/Arg genotype responded on average with an almost two-fold greater regression of left ventricular mass index than patients with the Lys/Arg genotype (-30.1 g/m2 [3.6] vs -16.7 [4.5], p = 0.03).

    Conclusions

    The ALAP genotype seems to determine the degree of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment with the angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. This is the first report of a role for ALAP/aminopeptidases in left ventricular mass regulation, and suggests a new potential target for antihypertensive drugs.

  • 21.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Lindbäck, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research center.
    Lindahl, Bertil
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research center.
    Stenestrand, Ulf
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research center.
    Digoxin and mortality in atrial fibrillation: a prospective cohort study2007In: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, ISSN 0031-6970, E-ISSN 1432-1041, Vol. 63, no 10, p. 959-971Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study showed that rhythm-control treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) offered no survival advantage over a rate-control strategy. In a subgroup analysis of that study, it was found that digoxin increased the death rate [relative risk (RR) = 1.42), but it was suggested that this may have been attributable to prescription of digoxin for patients at greater risk of death, such as those with congestive heart failure (CHF). No study has investigated a priori the effect of digoxin on mortality in patients with AF. This study aimed to address this question. METHODS: Using data from the Registry of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive care Admissions (RIKS-HIA), we studied the 1-year mortality among patients admitted to coronary care units with AF, CHF, or AF+CHF with or without digoxin (n = 60,764) during 1995-2003. Adjustment for differences in background characteristics and other medications and treatments was made by propensity scoring. RESULTS: Twenty percent of patients with AF without CHF in this cohort were discharged with digoxin. This group had a higher mortality rate than the corresponding group not given digoxin [adjusted RR 1.42 (95% CI 1.29-1.56)], whereas no such difference was seen among patients with CHF with or without AF, although these patients had a nearly three-times higher mortality. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that long-term therapy with digoxin is an independent risk factor for death in patients with AF without CHF.

  • 22.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Martén, Leif
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Possible fluconazole-fentanyl interaction: a case report2006In: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, ISSN 0031-6970, E-ISSN 1432-1041, Vol. 62, no 6, p. 491-2Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Candidate genes in the pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive treatment:  a review and future aspects2004In: Current Pharmacogenomics, ISSN 1570-1603, Vol. 2, no 1, p. 83-112Article, review/survey (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Diversity in response to antihypertensive therapy is well-documented. Among many variables in the biological system, reasons include the genetic make-up of individuals. Although individual human genomes are 99.9% identical, the 0.1% difference predicts as many as three million polymorphisms. Some will affect protein expression or function, resulting in phenotypes affected for disease or with altered drug response. Pharmacogenomics focuses on the link between polymorphism in genes and variable response to drugs. The genetic approach to the study of the mechanisms underlying hypertension has led to the identification of some quantitative trait loci or genes that influence blood pressure regulation. An ultimate goal of pharmacogenomic knowledge is to advance beyond the current approach to antihypertensive drug therapy to more individualized approaches. Drugs that are more specific for the molecular characteristics of individual patients should contribute to greater efficacy and reduced toxicity.

     

    In this article, we review the pathophysiology of essential hypertension, the principles of its drug treatment, and those pharmacogenomic studies of antihypertensive treatment which, to our knowledge, have been published so far and which deals primarily with two aspects: the blood pressure lowering effect and the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Also, a selection of functional polymorphisms in potential candidate genes which have not yet appeared in pharmacogenomic studies of antihypertensive treatment but in various ways have been linked to hypertension and / or its related diseases / organ damages are discussed.

  • 24.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Digitalis intoxication induced by paroxetine co-administration2006In: The Lancet, ISSN 0140-6736, E-ISSN 1474-547X, Vol. 368, no 9551, p. 1963-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Hansson, Lars-Olof
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Cystatin C vs creatinine as markers of renal function in patients on digoxin treatment2004In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 109, no 3, p. 247-253Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The kidney function is a major determinant of the serum concentration of digoxin as this drug is mainly eliminated unchanged through the kidneys. Since digoxin is widely prescribed among the elderly, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines with age, it is important that the clinician takes the patient's GFR into account when prescribing digoxin. Serum cystatin C has been suggested to be superior to creatinine for estimation of GFR, which may have relevance for the optimization of treatment with digoxin. METHODS: To evaluate which of the two GFR markers serum creatinine and serum cystatin C that best correlates with serum digoxin, we compared the serum levels of digoxin with the serum levels of creatinine and cystatin C in 149 patients on therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin at our hospital. RESULTS: Overall, there was a stronger correlation between serum digoxin concentrations and cystatin C (p=0.00001) as compared to creatinine (p= 0.00003). Interestingly, of the patients with a serum digoxin concentration > or = 1.5 nmol/L, 29% had a serum creatinine level within normal limits, as compared to 20% with normal cystatin C levels. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, serum cystatin C correlated better to serum digoxin than did serum creatinine. With improved GFR monitoring, digoxin concentrations should be better controlled.

  • 26.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Digoxin for the treatment of heart failure2003In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 348, no 7, p. 661-662Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Nagy, Julia
    Karawajczyk, Malgorzata
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Nordang, Leif
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.
    Islander, Gunilla
    Norling, Pia
    Johansson, Hans-Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Kämpe, Mary
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- allergy- and sleep research.
    Hugosson, Svante
    Yue, Qun-Ying
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Comparison of Clinical Factors Between Patients With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema and Cough2017In: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, ISSN 1060-0280, E-ISSN 1542-6270, Vol. 51, no 4, p. 293-300Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Angioedema is a rare and serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment. Dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors and has been identified as a possible risk factor for angioedema.

    OBJECTIVE: We compared characteristics between patients with ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema and cough with the aim of identifying risk factors that differ between these adverse events.

    METHODS: Data on patients with angioedema or cough induced by ACE inhibitors were collected from the Swedish database of spontaneously reported ADRs or from collaborating clinicians. Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used to test for between-group differences. The significance threshold was set to P <0.00128 to correct for multiple comparisons.

    RESULTS: Clinical characteristics were compared between 168 patients with angioedema and 121 with cough only. Smoking and concomitant selective calcium channel blocker treatment were more frequent among patients with angioedema than cough: OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.1-8.9, P = 2.2 × 10(-5), and OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.0-7.0, P = 1.7 × 10(-5). Angioedema cases were seen more often in male patients (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.4-3.6, P = 1.3 × 10(-4)) and had longer time to onset and higher doses than those with cough ( P = 3.2 × 10(-10) and P = 2.6 × 10(-4)). A multiple model containing the variables smoking, concurrent calcium channel blocker treatment, male sex, and time to onset accounted for 26% of the variance between the groups.

    CONCLUSION: Smoking, comedication with selective calcium channel blockers, male sex, and longer treatment time were associated with ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema rather than cough.

  • 28.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Persson, Matilda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Axelsson, Tomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Cavalli, Marco
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Norling, Pia
    Sickla Hlth Ctr, Nacka, Sweden..
    Johansson, Hans-Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics.
    Yue, Qun-Ying
    Med Prod Agcy, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Swedish Twin Registry, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Wadelius, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Genetic variants associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough: a genome-wide association study in a Swedish population2017In: Pharmacogenomics (London), ISSN 1462-2416, E-ISSN 1744-8042, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 201-213Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: We conducted a genome-wide association study on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough and used our dataset to replicate candidate genes iden-tified in previous studies. Patients & methods: A total of 124 patients and 1345 treated controls were genotyped using Illumina arrays. The genome-wide significance level was set to p < 5 x 10(-8). Results: We identified nearly genome-wide significant associations in CLASP1, PDE11A, KCNMB2, TGFA, SLC38A6 and MMP16. The strongest association was with rs62151109 in CLASP1 (odds ratio: 3.97; p = 9.44 x 10(-8)). All top hits except two were located in intronic or noncoding DNA regions. None of the candidate genes were significantly associated in our study. Conclusion: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough is potentially associated with genes that are independent of bradykinin pathways.

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  • 29.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Smedje, Hans
    Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Kohnke, Hugo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Daniilidou, Makrina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Neurology.
    Öhman, Inger
    Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Yue, Qun-Ying
    Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Cavalli, Marco
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Claes
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
    Swedish Twin Registry, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Neurology.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy is associated with genes related to immunity and neuronal survival2019In: EBioMedicine, E-ISSN 2352-3964, Vol. 40, p. 595-604Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The incidence of narcolepsy rose sharply after the swine influenza A (H1N1) vaccination campaign with Pandemrix. Narcolepsy is an immune-related disorder with excessive daytime sleepiness. The most frequent form is strongly associated with HLA-DQB1*06:02, but only a minority of carriers develop narcolepsy. We aimed to identify genetic markers that predispose to Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy.

    METHODS: We tested for genome-wide and candidate gene associations in 42 narcolepsy cases and 4981 controls. Genotyping was performed on Illumina arrays, HLA alleles were imputed using SNP2HLA, and single nucleotide polymorphisms were imputed using the haplotype reference consortium panel. The genome-wide significance threshold was p < 5 × 10-8, and the nominal threshold was p < 0.05. Results were replicated in 32 cases and 7125 controls. Chromatin data was used for functional annotation.

    FINDINGS: Carrying HLA-DQB1*06:02 was significantly associated with narcolepsy, odds ratio (OR) 39.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.3, 137], p = 7.9 × 10-9. After adjustment for HLA, GDNF-AS1 (rs62360233) was significantly associated, OR = 8.7 [95% CI 4.2, 17.5], p = 2.6 × 10-9, and this was replicated, OR = 3.4 [95% CI 1.2-9.6], p = 0.022. Functional analysis revealed variants in high LD with rs62360233 that might explain the detected association. The candidate immune-gene locus TRAJ (rs1154155) was nominally associated in both the discovery and replication cohorts, meta-analysis OR = 2.0 [95% CI 1.4, 2.8], p = 0.0002.

    INTERPRETATION: We found a novel association between Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy and the non-coding RNA gene GDNF-AS1, which has been shown to regulate expression of the essential neurotrophic factor GDNF. Changes in regulation of GDNF have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This finding may increase the understanding of disease mechanisms underlying narcolepsy. Associations between Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy and immune-related genes were replicated.

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  • 30.
    Hallberg, Pär
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Yue, Qun-Ying
    WHO Uppsala Monitoring Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Eliasson, Erik
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Clin Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Ås, Joel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    SWEDEGENE: a Swedish nation-wide DNA sample collection for pharmacogenomic studies of serious adverse drug reactions2020In: The Pharmacogenomics Journal, ISSN 1470-269X, E-ISSN 1473-1150, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 579-585Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    SWEDEGENE is a Swedish nation-wide sample collection established to facilitate studies of clinical and genetic risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Most cases are recruited among patients reported to the ADR registry at the Swedish Medical Products Agency by health-care professionals. Clinical data are collected both from medical and laboratory records and through interviews using standardized questionnaires. Genome-wide scans and whole-genome sequencing are done, and association studies are conducted using mainly controls from the Swedish TwinGene biobank with data on diagnoses and prescribed drugs. SWEDEGENE was established in 2008 and currently contains DNA and information from about 2550 adults who have experienced specific ADRs, and from 580 drug exposed controls. Results from genome-wide association studies have now been published, and data from whole-genome sequencing are being analyzed. SWEDEGENE has the potential to offer a new means of developing individualized and safe drug therapy through patient pre-treatment screening.

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  • 31.
    Holmström, Benny
    et al.
    Gävle sjukhus, Kirurgkliniken, Urologsektionen .
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology.
    Antibiotikabehandling vid kronisk prostatit saknar i princip evidens2006In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, no 48, p. 3822-3828Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Sammanfattat

    Prostatit förekommer hos 50 procent av alla män någon gång i livet.

    I stort sett saknas evidens för antibiotikabehandling vid alla typer av prostatit undantaget akut prostatit (kategori I).

    Behovet av randomiserade, kontrollerade prövningar är stort.

    Forskning kring prostatit av kategori II–IV är angelägen.

  • 32.
    Karlsson, Julia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Kurland, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Kahan, T.
    Malmqvist, K.
    Ohman, K. P.
    Nyström, F.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Beta1-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and response to beta1-adrenergic receptor blockade in patients with essential hypertension2004In: Clinical Cardiology, ISSN 0160-9289, E-ISSN 1932-8737, Vol. 27, no 6, p. 347-350Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that the Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly polymorphisms in the beta1-adrenergic receptor might be of functional importance for the cardiovascular system. Both have been associated with altered receptor activity in vitro, and with hypertension and cardiac failure in vivo. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to test whether these polymorphisms were associated with the change in heart rate or blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy treated with the beta1-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol. METHODS: Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in 101 hypertensive patients with echocardiographically verified LV hypertrophy, randomized in a double-blind study to treatment with either the beta1-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol or the angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist irbesartan. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated after 12 weeks. Beta1-adrenergic receptor genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: We found no significant associations between the changes in the measured variables and either of the two polymorphisms. However, carriers of the 49Gly allele showed a tendency toward a greater reduction in heart rate compared with patients with the Ser/Ser49 genotype (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly beta1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms do not seem to exert a major effect on the changes in heart rate and blood pressure during 12 weeks of treatment with atenolol in patients with essential hypertension and LV hypertrophy.

  • 33.
    Karlsson Sundbaum, Johanna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology. Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå.
    Baecklund, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Kohnke, Hugo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    MTHFR, TYMS and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms and adverse liver effects of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis2020In: Pharmacogenomics (London), ISSN 1462-2416, E-ISSN 1744-8042, Vol. 21, no 5, p. 337-346Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims: To investigate whether variants of MTHFR, TYMS and SLCO1B1 are associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in rheumatoid arthritis patients starting methotrexate (MTX). Patients & Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were collected from the start of MTX treatment. Genotyping of MTHFR, TYMS and SLCO1B1 was performed. Univariate and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: 34 out of 369 patients experienced ALT >1.5xULN less than 6 months from start. MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) was nominally associated with an ALT > 1.5 xULN within 6 months after the start of MTX (OR = 1.7 [95% CI: 1.04-2.9]; p = 0.03), but did not pass correction for multiple testing. A multiple model containing MTHFR 1298C and clinical factors predicted the outcome (C-statistic 0.735). TYMS and SLCO1B1 were not associated with the outcome. Conclusions: A model containing MTHFR 1298C and clinical factors might predict risk of early ALT elevation.

  • 34.
    Karlsson Sundbaum, Johanna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology. Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
    Baecklund, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, research centers etc., Uppsala Clinical Research Center (UCR). Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Kohnke, Hugo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wallenberg, Matilda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Svensk Dos AB, Box 2, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Cavalli, Marco
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wadelius, Claes
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Genome-wide association study of liver enzyme elevation in rheumatoid arthritis patients starting methotrexate2021In: Pharmacogenomics (London), ISSN 1462-2416, E-ISSN 1744-8042, Vol. 22, no 15, p. 973-982Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To identify novel genetic variants predisposing to elevation of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after initiation of methotrexate (MTX) treatment. Patients & methods: We performed genome-wide association studies in 198 RA patients starting MTX. Outcomes were maximum level of ALT and ALT >1.5-times the upper level of normal within the first 6 months of treatment. Results: RAVER2 (rs72675408) was significantly associated with maximum level of ALT (p = 4.36 × 10-8). This variant is in linkage disequilibrium with rs72675451, which is associated with differential expression of JAK1 and RAVER2. Conclusion: We found an association between ALT elevation and genetic variants that may regulate the expression of JAK1 and RAVER2. JAK1 encodes a janus kinase involved in the pathogenesis of RA.

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  • 35.
    Karlsson Sundbaum, Johanna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology. Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Hlth Sci, Lulea, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lehto, Niklas
    Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Hlth Sci, Lulea, Sweden.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Baecklund, Eva
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology.
    Methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis and elevated liver enzymes: A long-term follow-up of predictors, surveillance, and outcome in clinical practice2019In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES, ISSN 1756-1841, Vol. 22, no 7, p. 1226-1232Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To assess predictors of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in methotrexate (MTX) treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to describe the monitoring of liver enzymes, including handling and outcome of elevated ALT.

    Methods: All RA patients starting MTX in January, 2005 to April, 2013 at a rheumatology clinic, (Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden) were identified from electronic medical records. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records, supplemented by telephone interviews. Predictors for ALT >1.5x over the upper limit of normal (ULN) were identified by multiple regression analysis.

    Results: The study comprised 213 RA patients starting MTX. During a mean follow-up of 4.3 years, 6288 ALT tests were performed; 7% of tests with ALT were >ULN. ALT >1.5x ULN was observed in 44 (21%) patients and the strongest predictor was a pre-treatment elevation of ALT (adjusted odds ratio = 6.8, 95% CI 2.2-20.5). Recurrent elevations occurred in 70% of patients who continued treatment, and the proportion was similar in those with and without interventions, for example MTX dose reduction (67% vs 73%, P = 0.43). Seven patients (3%) permanently stopped MTX due to ALT elevation, and two were eventually diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. No patient developed hepatic failure.

    Conclusion: Only a small number of ALT tests performed during MTX therapy in RA capture an elevation. A pre-treatment elevation of ALT was the strongest predictor for early and recurrent ALT elevations during therapy. This study supports a more individualized approach to monitoring and handling of ALT elevations during MTX therapy in RA than recommended in current guidelines.

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  • 36.
    Kharazmi, M.
    et al.
    Cent Hosp Västerås, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Västerås, Sweden.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Early removal of sequestrum in patients affected by medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw2018In: British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, ISSN 0266-4356, E-ISSN 1532-1940, Vol. 56, no 3, p. 237-238Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Kharazmi, M.
    et al.
    Cent Hosp Västerås, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Västerås, Sweden.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Secondary sinus lift: viable technique for when a membrane is raised without a graft, and fails2018In: British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, ISSN 0266-4356, E-ISSN 1532-1940, Vol. 56, no 3, p. 234-235Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Bjornstad, Lillemor
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Wanbro, Jonas
    Carlsson, Anders-Petter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
    Habib, Samandar
    Uppsala University.
    Warfvinge, Gunnar
    Mandibular bone exposure and osteonecrosis as a complication of general anaesthesia2015In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 120, no 3, p. 215-216Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Carlsson, Anders-Petter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Mandibular Bone Exposure and Osteonecrosis in a Patient With an Uncomplicated Medical History2015In: The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print), ISSN 1049-2275, E-ISSN 1536-3732, Vol. 26, no 5, p. 1719-1720Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 40.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Carlsson, Anders-Petter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Oral surgery: Prominent bone shelves2014In: British Dental Journal, ISSN 0007-0610, E-ISSN 1476-5373, Vol. 216, no 10, p. 544-545Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Carlsson, Anders-Petter
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Modig, Maria
    Bjornstad, Lillemor
    Hirsch, Jan-Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
    Surgical approach to snus-induced injury of the oral mucosa2014In: Journal of Oral Science, ISSN 1343-4934, E-ISSN 1880-4926, Vol. 56, no 1, p. 91-94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Snus (Swedish moist snuff) causes lesions in the oral mucosa at the location where pinches are regularly placed. In addition, some patients develop irreversible local gingival recession and sometimes ulcers with perforations to the roots. Such injuries lead to denuded roots that are at risk for caries and periodontal disease, with subsequent esthetic consequences. Therapy for irreversible local gingival recession is currently lacking. In the present report, we describe two cases of successful surgical treatment for irreversible lesions caused by snus.

  • 42.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fractures and one-year mortality2014In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 119, no 4, p. 357-358Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Gender related difference in the risk of bisphosphonate associated atypical femoral fracture and osteonecrosis of the jaw2014In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, ISSN 0003-4967, E-ISSN 1468-2060, Vol. 73, no 8, p. 1594-1594Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Persson, Ulf
    Warfvinge, Gunnar
    Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the auditory canal2013In: British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, ISSN 0266-4356, E-ISSN 1532-1940, Vol. 51, no 8, p. E285-E287Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Only rare cases of osteonecrosis of the auditory canal associated with bisphosphonates, have been published. Our results confirm that similar reports can also be encountered in databases of adverse drug reactions.

  • 45.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Schilcher, Jörg
    Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Sect Orthoped, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Aspenberg, Per
    Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Sect Orthoped, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Mortality After Atypical Femoral Fractures: A Cohort Study2016In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, ISSN 0884-0431, E-ISSN 1523-4681, Vol. 31, no 3, p. 491-497Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although osteoporotic fracture rates can be reduced by bisphosphonates, prolonged therapy is associated with higher risk of atypical femoral fractures. Ordinary fragility fractures are linked to high mortality rates. We aimed to determine whether atypical femoral fractures also confer excess mortality. Radiographs were reviewed for all patients ≥55 years of age who had experienced a subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fracture in Sweden in 2008-2010. The fractures were classified as either atypical or ordinary. Data on medication use, coexisting conditions, and date of death were obtained from national registers. We estimated multivariable-adjusted relative risks of death after atypical femoral fractures compared with ordinary subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fractures and calculated age- and sex-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for atypical and ordinary fractures compared with the population average. During a mean of 4 years of follow-up, 39 of 172 (23%) patients with an atypical fracture had died compared with 588 of 952 (62%) with an ordinary fracture, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.51 (95% CI 0.38-0.68). The lower risk was evident in both users and non-users of bisphosphonates. No patient with atypical fracture died in the first year after fracture. Individuals with an ordinary fracture had a higher mortality risk than the general population (SMR 1.82; 95% CI 1.69-1.99) but no excess risk was found in patients with atypical fracture (SMR 0.92; 95% CI 0.65-1.26). We conclude that in contrast to ordinary subtrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures, atypical femoral fractures are not associated with excess mortality.

  • 46. Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Warfvinge, Gunnar
    Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the External Auditory Canal2013In: The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print), ISSN 1049-2275, E-ISSN 1536-3732, Vol. 24, no 6, p. 2218-2220Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Warfvinge, Gunnar
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Risk of atypical femoral fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with alendronate use compared with other oral bisphosphonates2014In: Rheumatology, ISSN 1462-0324, E-ISSN 1462-0332, Vol. 53, no 10, p. 1911-1913Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Prodromal Symptoms in Patients with Bisphosphonate-Associated Atypical Fractures of the Femur2015In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, ISSN 0914-8779, E-ISSN 1435-5604, Vol. 33, no 5, p. 516-522Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Symptoms have been reported to precede bisphosphonate-associated atypical fractures (AFs) of the femoral shaft. We aimed to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of such prodromal symptoms. We searched the Swedish national database of spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions for all cases of AF associated with bisphosphonates from January 2006 to March 2013. To confirm diagnostic accuracy and to characterize and determine the frequency of any prodromal symptoms we retrieved copies of medical journals and radiographs for patients who consented to participate in the study. The frequency of prodromal symptoms was compared with that of patients where information was based only on narratives from the adverse drug reaction case reports. A total of 45 reports of AF were identified. We were able to obtain medical records and x-rays for 21 cases and diagnostic accuracy was confirmed for all. Medical records revealed prodromal symptoms in 86 % (n = 18), most commonly pain in the ipsilateral thigh (14 out of 18 patients) preceding the fracture for weeks or longer. Awareness of such symptoms may facilitate early diagnosis and possible prevention of the AF.

  • 49.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Schilcher, Jörg
    Lateral fixation: an alternative surgical approach in the prevention of complete atypical femoral fractures.2018In: European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, ISSN 1633-8065, E-ISSN 1432-1068, Vol. 28, p. 299-304Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Little evidence is available on how to treat incomplete atypical fractures of the femur. When surgery is chosen, intramedullary nailing is the most common invasive technique. However, this approach is adopted from the treatment of other types of ordinary femoral fracture and does not aim to prevent the impending complete fracture by interrupting the mechanism underlying the pathology. We suggest a different surgical approach that intends to counteract the underlying biomechanical conditions leading to a complete atypical fracture and thus could be better suited in selected cases. Here, we share an alternative surgical approach and present two cases treated accordingly.

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  • 50.
    Kharazmi, Mohammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Michaëlsson, Karl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics.
    Schilcher, Jorg
    Linkoping Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Niclas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Melhus, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis. Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wadelius, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    Hallberg, Pär
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical pharmacogenomics and osteoporosis.
    A Genome-Wide Association Study of Bisphosphonate-Associated Atypical Femoral Fracture2019In: Calcified Tissue International, ISSN 0171-967X, E-ISSN 1432-0827, Vol. 105, no 1, p. 51-67Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Atypical femoral fracture is a well-documented adverse reaction to bisphosphonates. It is strongly related to duration of bisphosphonate use, and the risk declines rapidly after drug withdrawal. The mechanism behind bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fracture is unclear, but a genetic predisposition has been suggested. With the aim to identify common genetic variants that could be used for preemptive genetic testing, we performed a genome-wide association study. Cases were recruited mainly through reports of adverse drug reactions sent to the Swedish Medical Products Agency on a nation-wide basis. We compared atypical femoral fracture cases (n=51) with population-based controls (n=4891), and to reduce the possibility of confounding by indication, we also compared with bisphosphonate-treated controls without a current diagnosis of cancer (n=324). The total number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms after imputation was 7,585,874. A genome-wide significance threshold of p<5x10(-8) was used to correct for multiple testing. In addition, we performed candidate gene analyses for a panel of 29 genes previously implicated in atypical femoral fractures (significance threshold of p<5.7x10(-6)). Compared with population controls, bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fracture was associated with four isolated, uncommon single-nucleotide polymorphisms. When cases were compared with bisphosphonate-treated controls, no statistically significant genome-wide association remained. We conclude that the detected associations were either false positives or related to the underlying disease, i.e., treatment indication. Furthermore, there was no significant association with single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 29 candidate genes. In conclusion, this study found no evidence of a common genetic predisposition for bisphosphonate-associated atypical femoral fracture. Further studies of larger sample size to identify possible weakly associated genetic traits, as well as whole exome or whole-genome sequencing studies to identify possible rare genetic variation conferring a risk are warranted.

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    fulltext
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