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  • 1.
    Aarnio, Riina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Isacson, Isabella
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Sanner, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Gustavsson, Inger M.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Olovsson, Matts
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Comparison of vaginal self-sampling and cervical sampling by medical professionals for the detection of HPV and CIN2+: a randomized study2021In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 148, no 12, p. 3051-3059Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Primary screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) test is more effective in reducing cervical cancer incidence than cytology and it also offers the opportunity to self-sample. We conducted a randomized study to compare vaginal self-sampling with cervical sampling by medical professionals for HPV testing concerning prevalence of HPV and detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) or grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) in primary screening. In total, 11 951 women aged 30-60 years were randomized into two groups, 5961 for self-sampling (SS arm) and 5990 for sampling by medical professionals (SMP arm). Sampling was performed with a RoversViba-brush in the SS arm and a cytobrush in the SMP arm. All samples were applied to an indicating FTA elute card and analyzed for HPV using a clinically validated real-time PCR test (hpVIR). All HPV-positive women performed repeated sampling about 6 months later using the same procedure as used initially. All HPV-positive women in the second sampling were referred to colposcopy. The prevalence of HPV in the first test did not differ between the SS arm (6.8%, 167/2466) and the SMP arm (7.8%, 118/1519) (P = .255). The prevalence of CIN2+ per 1000 screened women was 17 (43/2466 × 1000) (95%CI 13-24) in the SS arm and 21 (32/1519 × 1000) (95%CI 15-30) in the SMP arm. For CIN3+, the prevalence per 1000 screened women was 14 (35/2466 × 1000) (95%CI 10-20) in the SS arm and 15 (23/1519 × 1000) (95%CI 10-23) in the SMP arm. In conclusion, self-sampling and sampling by medical professionals showed the same prevalence of HPV and detection rate of CIN2+ and CIN3+ in histology.

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  • 2.
    Aarnio, Riina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Wikström, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Gustavsson, Inger M.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Olovsson, Matts
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Diagnostic excision of the cervix in women over 40 years with human papilloma virus persistency and normal cytology2019In: European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X, ISSN 2590-1613, Vol. 3, article id 100042Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as the main risk factor of cervical cancer. Investigation via cytology and colposcopy have lower sensitivity than HPV testing in the diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). Despite normal cytology and colposcopy findings women with persistent HPV infection have an increased risk of CIN2+. The aim of the study was to evaluate the proportion of histologically confirmed CIN2+ in women with persistent HPV infection and normal Pap smears.

    Study design: From April 2013 until March 2016 we prospectively recruited 91 women over 40 years with persistent HPV infection without any abnormalities in cytology. Of these, 40 women attended a gynecological examination including an HPV test, Pap smear, endocervical cytology, colposcopy with biopsies and diagnostic loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Biopsy and LEEP samples were subjected to histological examination.

    Results: CIN2+ was verified by histological examination of the LEEP sample in 6/40 (15%) of the women. All the cytological samples were normal and none of the biopsies confirmed CIN2+. Only 19/40 women still had a persistent HPV infection at the study visit. None of the 21/40 women who had cleared their HPV infection at the study visit had CIN2+ in histology of the LEEP sample.

    Conclusions: A persistent HPV infection needs to be monitored despite normal Pap smears, since 6/40 (15%) women older than 40 years, was revealed to have an undiagnosed CIN2+ when LEEP was performed. Counseling women regarding the risk of cervical cancer and the expected effect of an eventual LEEP can help them to make an optimal informed choice.

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  • 3.
    Aarnio, Riina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Östensson, Ellinor
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Olovsson, Matts
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Gustavsson, Inger M.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Cost-effectiveness analysis of repeated self-sampling for HPV testing in primary cervical screening: a randomized study2020In: BMC Cancer, ISSN 1471-2407, E-ISSN 1471-2407, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 645Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is recommended in primary cervical screening to improve cancer prevention. An advantage of HPV testing is that it can be performed on self-samples, which could increase population coverage and result in a more efficient strategy to identify women at risk of developing cervical cancer. Our objective was to assess whether repeated self-sampling for HPV testing is cost-effective in comparison with Pap smear cytology for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more (CIN2+) in increasing participation rate in primary cervical screening.

    Methods

    A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was performed on data from a previously published randomized clinical study including 36 390 women aged 30–49 years. Participants were randomized either to perform repeated self-sampling of vaginal fluid for HPV testing (n = 17 997, HPV self-sampling arm) or to midwife-collected Pap smears for cytological analysis (n = 18 393, Pap smear arm).

    Results

    Self-sampling for HPV testing led to 1633 more screened women and 107 more histologically diagnosed CIN2+ at a lower cost vs. midwife-collected Pap smears (€ 228 642 vs. € 781 139). 

    Conclusions

    This study projected that repeated self-sampling for HPV testing increased participation and detection of CIN2+ at a lower cost than midwife-collected Pap smears in primary cervical screening. Offering women a home-based self-sampling may therefore be a more cost-effective alternative than clinic-based screening.

     

  • 4.
    Ahsan, Muhammad
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Ek, Weronica E
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Rask-Andersen, Mathias
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Karlsson, Torgny
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lind-Thomsen, Allan
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Enroth, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Johansson, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    The relative contribution of DNA methylation and genetic variants on protein biomarkers for human diseases.2017In: PLOS Genetics, ISSN 1553-7390, E-ISSN 1553-7404, Vol. 13, no 9, article id e1007005Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Associations between epigenetic alterations and disease status have been identified for many diseases. However, there is no strong evidence that epigenetic alterations are directly causal for disease pathogenesis. In this study, we combined SNP and DNA methylation data with measurements of protein biomarkers for cancer, inflammation or cardiovascular disease, to investigate the relative contribution of genetic and epigenetic variation on biomarker levels. A total of 121 protein biomarkers were measured and analyzed in relation to DNA methylation at 470,000 genomic positions and to over 10 million SNPs. We performed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses, and integrated biomarker, DNA methylation and SNP data using between 698 and 1033 samples depending on data availability for the different analyses. We identified 124 and 45 loci (Bonferroni adjusted P < 0.05) with effect sizes up to 0.22 standard units' change per 1% change in DNA methylation levels and up to four standard units' change per copy of the effective allele in the EWAS and GWAS respectively. Most GWAS loci were cis-regulatory whereas most EWAS loci were located in trans. Eleven EWAS loci were associated with multiple biomarkers, including one in NLRC5 associated with CXCL11, CXCL9, IL-12, and IL-18 levels. All EWAS signals that overlapped with a GWAS locus were driven by underlying genetic variants and three EWAS signals were confounded by smoking. While some cis-regulatory SNPs for biomarkers appeared to have an effect also on DNA methylation levels, cis-regulatory SNPs for DNA methylation were not observed to affect biomarker levels. We present associations between protein biomarker and DNA methylation levels at numerous loci in the genome. The associations are likely to reflect the underlying pattern of genetic variants, specific environmental exposures, or represent secondary effects to the pathogenesis of disease.

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  • 5.
    Allen, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Engström, A-S.
    Meyers, S.
    Handt, O.
    Saldeen, Tom
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    von Haeseler, A.
    Pääbo, S.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Mitochondrial DNA sequencing of shed hairs and saliva on robbery caps: sensitivity and matching probabilities1998In: Journal of Forensic Sciences, ISSN 0022-1198, E-ISSN 1556-4029, Vol. 43, no 3, p. 453-464Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used for human identification based on teeth and skeletal remains. Here, we describe an amplification system for the mtDNA control region (D-loop) suited for the analysis of shed hair, which constitutes the most common biological evidence material in forensic investigations. The success rate was over 90% when applied to evidence materials such as shed hair, saliva stains and saliva on stamps. The analysis of evidence materials collected from three similar robberies revealed the presence of mtDNA sequences identical to those of the suspects in the three crimes. The use of mtDNA control region sequences for individual identification was evaluated. The probability of identity by chance for the mtDNA types of the suspects in the robberies was found to vary between Pr = 0.017 - < 0.0017, depending on the reference population used, emphasizing the need for large population databases to obtain the appropriate estimate.

  • 6.
    Allen, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Eriksson, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Liu, Limin
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    High resolution genetic typing of the class II HLA-DRB1 locus using group-specific amplification and SSO-hybridisation in microplates1998In: Hereditas, ISSN 0018-0661, E-ISSN 1601-5223, Vol. 129, no 2, p. 161-167Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The HLA-DRB1 locus is one of the most polymorphic HLA class II loci and rapid and accurate typing of this polymorphism is important both in bone-marrow transplantation, analysis of disease association and in forensic medicine. The allelic variation at DRB1 is characterized by combinations of a limited number of amino-acid motifs, reducing the resolution of a typing strategy based on a single PCR and subsequent analysis of polymorphic motifs. In the present paper we describe a strategy for typing of DRB1 based on eight allele-specific PCRs followed by sandwich hybridization to immobilized probes in a microplate format. The combined approach results in a rapid typing system with very high resolution. Using a rapid DNA extraction protocol, a complete HLA-DRB1 typing can be performed in less than a day.

  • 7.
    Allen, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Kalantari, M.
    Ylitalo, Natalie
    Pettersson, B.
    Hagmar, B.
    Scheibenflug, L.
    Johansson, B.
    Pettersson, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    HLA DQ-DR haplotype and susceptibility to cervical carcinoma: indications of increased risk for development of cervical carcinoma in individuals infected with HPV 181996In: Tissue Antigens, ISSN 0001-2815, E-ISSN 1399-0039, Vol. 48, no 1, p. 32-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The association of HLA class II DQB1 and DRB1 alleles with the development of cervical carcinoma was studied in 150 Swedish patients using PCR-based HPV and HLA typing. The association of cervical carcinoma with alleles encoding the DQ3 antigen, previously found among German and Norwegian patients, was not observed in the Swedish patients. Five DQ-DR haplotypes were indicated to be positively associated with development of cervical carcinoma in the Swedish patients. Two of these HLA associations were specific for HPV 18 infected patients, suggesting that the ability of the oncogenic HPV 18 to cause more rapid-transit tumors than other high risk HPV types may be due to a deficiency in antigen presentation by the HLA molecules encoded by carried on these haplotypes.

  • 8.
    Allen, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Liu, Limin
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    A comprehensive polymerase chain reaction-oligonucleotide typing system for the HLA class I A locus1994In: Human Immunology, ISSN 0198-8859, E-ISSN 1879-1166, Vol. 40, no 1, p. 25-32Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A comprehensive system for genetic typing of the HLA class I A locus is described, based on PCR amplification and typing with nonradioactively labeled SSO probes. Exons 1-3 of the A locus are amplified and typing is performed with a set of 30 nonradioactively labeled oligonucleotide probes. This system resolves 34 of 39 known alleles and 561 (94%) of 595 possible genotypes. Among a sample of 354 individuals from Sweden and China, 97.5% of the genotypes were resolved. Probes were directed preferentially at replacement substitutions in foreign antigen-binding sites, in order to detect not only the known alleles but also new combinations of polymorphic motifs, indicative of previously unrecognized alleles. Three individuals were found with a new combination of polymorphic motifs, suggesting the presence of at least one previously undescribed allele in the populations sampled. This typing system is useful for disease association studies, tissue typing, and in forensic medicine.

  • 9.
    Allen, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Saldeen, T.
    Pettersson, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Genetic typing of HLA class II genes in Swedish populations: application to forensic analysis1993In: Journal of Forensic Sciences, ISSN 0022-1198, E-ISSN 1556-4029, Vol. 38, no 3, p. 554-70Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In an attempt to determine the value of DNA based typing of HLA class II loci to forensic analysis, allele and genotype frequencies at DQA1, DQB1, DPB1, and DRB1 were determined in samples from two Swedish populations using hybridization with sequence specific oligonucleotides to PCR amplified DNA. Significant allele frequency differences were observed at the DQB1 and DRB1 loci between the two populations, as well as between one of the Swedish and a Norwegian population. The average heterozygosity varies between 0.74 to 0.91 and the power of discrimination between 0.90 to 0.98, with the highest values obtained for the DRB1 locus. The probability of genotype identity by chance differs on average 2% between the populations. When applied to a paternity case with one parent deceased and a criminal case, typing of class II loci proved in both cases informative. Analyses of DR and DQ genes does not increase the power of discrimination, due to strong linkage, but offers through the reconstruction of putative haplotypes an internal control for the consistency of the typing results at several loci. Typing of the DRB1 and DPB1 loci was found to result in an approximate combined average probability of genotype identity by chance of one in a thousand.

  • 10.
    Allen, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Saldeen, Tom
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Allele-specific HLA-DRB1 amplification of forensic evidence samples with mixed genotypes1995In: BioTechniques, ISSN 0736-6205, E-ISSN 1940-9818, Vol. 19, no 3, p. 454-463Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A major problem in analyzing forensic casework samples is the presence of genetic material from more than one individual in the material evidence. For instance, in sexual assault cases the evidence (vaginal swabs) usually contains a majority of vaginal epithelial cells and varying amounts of sperm cells from the perpetrator. Samples with mixed genotypes are also common among other biological evidence materials such as nail scrapes and mixed bloodstains. We have developed an allele-specific amplification system for the highly polymorphic HLA class II DRB1 locus that permits the detection of individual alleles in a sample with mixed genotypes, independent of the initial frequency of the alleles. Using a set of eight allele-specific amplification primers and typing the amplified fragments with sequence-specific probes, most of the 60 DRB1 alleles can be resolved. The method is highly specific and sensitive, with the potential for amplifying 15 copies of a particular allele in a background of 3 x 10(5) copies of other alleles. The method was successfully applied to three forensic cases, where the material evidence consisted of sperm stains on panties, nail scrapes and bloodstains on skin. Thus the DRB1 allele-specific amplification system can be employed for the unambiguous determination of the presence of individual alleles in materials suspected to contain mixed genotypes, even when the alleles of interest constitute only a small fraction of the total DNA

  • 11.
    Allen, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Saldeen, Tom
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Forensic Medicine.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    PCR-based DNA typing of saliva on stamps and envelopes1994In: BioTechniques, ISSN 0736-6205, E-ISSN 1940-9818, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 546-552Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In forensic cases involving mail bombs, extortion, kidnapping or threatening letters, biological evidence such as the saliva used to attach the stamp and seal the envelope could be used for genetic analysis. We have developed a highly sensitive semi-nested PCR method for the HLA-DRB1 locus; suitable for the analyses of very limited amounts of DNA. When applied to a set of stamps and envelopes with saliva from control individuals, typing results were consistent with those obtained using hairs drawn from the same individuals. No interference was found due to DNA from the fingerprints of people handling the letters. The system was applied to three forensic cases with threatening letters. The first case resulted in an exclusion of the suspect. In the second case, the suspect could not be excluded (probability of identical genotype by chance > 0.01). These results demonstrate that biological evidence in cases with threatening letters is amenable to genetic typing.

  • 12.
    Allen, Marie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Sandberg-Wollheim, Magnhild
    Sjögren, Karin
    Erlich, Henry A.
    Petterson, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Association of susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in Sweden with HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 alleles1994In: Human Immunology, ISSN 0198-8859, E-ISSN 1879-1166, Vol. 39, no 1, p. 41-8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The association of MS with HLA class II alleles was studied by PCR-based typing of the DQA1, DQB1, DRB1, and DPB1 loci in 94 Swedish patients with relapses and remissions of the disease. The haplotype DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 was found to be positively associated and three haplotypes were found to be negatively associated with MS. Linkage disequilibrium makes it difficult to assess whether DRB1 or DQB1 plays the primary role in the disease association, while the association with DPB1 and DQA1 appears to be secondary to that of DQB1 and DRB1. Two of the three haplotypes negatively associated with MS carry the DQB1*0301 allele. Also, the negatively associated DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0301 haplotype differs from those with nonassociated DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 haplotype only at DQB1. These results suggest that DQB1 alleles, as well as some DRB1 alleles, are involved in susceptibility and protection to MS. In searching for sequence motifs in the DR beta chain associated with MS susceptibility, all DRB1 alleles on haplotypes positively associated with MS, including the DRB1*1501, were found to encode a Val at position 86 of the DR beta chain. Also, DRB1 alleles that are negatively associated with MS all encode a Gly at position 86, suggesting that the residue at position 86 may be critical in conferring susceptibility and protection to MS. Finally, when the effect of the DRB1*1501 haplotype was removed there was no support for the hypothesis that MS is associated with a putative DQ-alpha beta heterodimer, encoded for by certain DQA1 and DQB1 alleles.

  • 13.
    Alvez, Maria Bueno
    et al.
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prot Sci, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Edfors, Fredrik
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prot Sci, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    von Feilitzen, Kalle
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prot Sci, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Zwahlen, Martin
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prot Sci, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mardinoglu, Adil
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prot Sci, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.;Kings Coll London, Fac Dent Oral & Craniofacial Sci, Ctr Host Microbiome Interact, London SE1 9RT, England..
    peedq227, Per-Henrik D
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Sjöblom, Tobias
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Lundin, Emma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Rameika, Natallia
    Enblad, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Lindman, Henrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Höglund, Martin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Hesselager, Göran
    Stålberg, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health.
    Enblad, Malin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Simonson, Oscar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Häggman, Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Axelsson, Tomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Clin Chem & SciLifeLab Affin Prote, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Åberg, Mikael
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry.
    Nordlund, Jessica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Zhong, Wen
    Linköping Univ, Dept Biomed & Clin Sci BKV, Sci Life Lab, Linköping, Sweden..
    Karlsson, Max
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prot Sci, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala Univ, Dept Immunol Genet & Pathol, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Ponten, Fredrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Fagerberg, Linn
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prot Sci, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Uhlen, Mathias
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prot Sci, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Next generation pan-cancer blood proteome profiling using proximity extension assay2023In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 14, article id 08Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Comprehensive and scalable proteomic profiling of plasma samples can improve the screening and diagnosis of cancer patients. Here, the authors use the Olink Proximity Extension Assay technology to characterise the plasma proteomes of 1477 patients across twelve cancer types, and use machine learning to obtain a protein panel for cancer classification. A comprehensive characterization of blood proteome profiles in cancer patients can contribute to a better understanding of the disease etiology, resulting in earlier diagnosis, risk stratification and better monitoring of the different cancer subtypes. Here, we describe the use of next generation protein profiling to explore the proteome signature in blood across patients representing many of the major cancer types. Plasma profiles of 1463 proteins from more than 1400 cancer patients are measured in minute amounts of blood collected at the time of diagnosis and before treatment. An open access Disease Blood Atlas resource allows the exploration of the individual protein profiles in blood collected from the individual cancer patients. We also present studies in which classification models based on machine learning have been used for the identification of a set of proteins associated with each of the analyzed cancers. The implication for cancer precision medicine of next generation plasma profiling is discussed.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 14.
    Ameur, Adam
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Bunikis, Ignas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Enroth, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    CanvasDB: a local database infrastructure for analysis of targeted- and whole genome re-sequencing projects2014In: Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation, E-ISSN 1758-0463, p. bau098-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CanvasDB is an infrastructure for management and analysis of genetic variants from massively parallel sequencing (MPS) projects. The system stores SNP and indel calls in a local database, designed to handle very large datasets, to allow for rapid analysis using simple commands in R. Functional annotations are included in the system, making it suitable for direct identification of disease-causing mutations in human exome-(WES) or whole-genome sequencing (WGS) projects. The system has a built-in filtering function implemented to simultaneously take into account variant calls from all individual samples. This enables advanced comparative analysis of variant distribution between groups of samples, including detection of candidate causative mutations within family structures and genome-wide association by sequencing. In most cases, these analyses are executed within just a matter of seconds, even when there are several hundreds of samples and millions of variants in the database. We demonstrate the scalability of canvasDB by importing the individual variant calls from all 1092 individuals present in the 1000 Genomes Project into the system, over 4.4 billion SNPs and indels in total. Our results show that canvasDB makes it possible to perform advanced analyses of large-scale WGS projects on a local server.

  • 15.
    Ameur, Adam
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Che, Huiwen
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Martin, Marcel
    Stockholm Univ, DBB, Sci Life Lab, S-11419 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bunikis, Ignas
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala Univ, Dept Immunol Genet & Pathol, Sci Life Lab, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Dahlberg, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Höijer, Ida
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Häggqvist, Susana
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Vezzi, Francesco
    Stockholm Univ, DBB, Sci Life Lab, S-11419 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nordlund, Jessica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Sci, Sci Life Lab, Mol Med, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Olason, Pall
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology.
    Feuk, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    De Novo Assembly of Two Swedish Genomes Reveals Missing Segments from the Human GRCh38 Reference and Improves Variant Calling of Population-Scale Sequencing Data2018In: Genes, ISSN 2073-4425, E-ISSN 2073-4425, Vol. 9, no 10, article id 486Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current human reference sequence (GRCh38) is a foundation for large-scale sequencing projects. However, recent studies have suggested that GRCh38 may be incomplete and give a suboptimal representation of specific population groups. Here, we performed a de novo assembly of two Swedish genomes that revealed over 10 Mb of sequences absent from the human GRCh38 reference in each individual. Around 6 Mb of these novel sequences (NS) are shared with a Chinese personal genome. The NS are highly repetitive, have an elevated GC-content, and are primarily located in centromeric or telomeric regions. Up to 1 Mb of NS can be assigned to chromosome Y, and large segments are also missing from GRCh38 at chromosomes 14, 17, and 21. Inclusion of NS into the GRCh38 reference radically improves the alignment and variant calling from short-read whole-genome sequencing data at several genomic loci. A re-analysis of a Swedish population-scale sequencing project yields > 75,000 putative novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and removes > 10,000 false positive SNV calls per individual, some of which are located in protein coding regions. Our results highlight that the GRCh38 reference is not yet complete and demonstrate that personal genome assemblies from local populations can improve the analysis of short-read whole-genome sequencing data.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 16.
    Ameur, Adam
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Natl Genom Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Dahlberg, Johan
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine. Natl Genom Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Olason, Pall
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology. Natl Bioinformat Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Vezzi, Francesco
    Natl Genom Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Karlsson, Robert
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Martin, Marcel
    Natl Bioinformat Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Viklund, Johan
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Natl Bioinformat Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Kähäri, Andreas
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Natl Bioinformat Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lundin, Par
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Che, Huiwen
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Thutkawkorapin, Jessada
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Eisfeldt, Jesper
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lampa, Samuel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences. Natl Bioinformat Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dahlberg, Mats
    Natl Bioinformat Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hagberg, Jonas
    Natl Bioinformat Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Jareborg, Niclas
    Natl Bioinformat Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.;Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Liljedahl, Ulrika
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine. Natl Genom Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jonasson, Inger
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Natl Genom Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Johansson, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Feuk, Lars
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Lundeberg, Joakim
    Natl Genom Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.;Royal Inst Technol, Div Gene Technol, Sch Biotechnol, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Syvänen, Ann-Christine
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine. Natl Genom Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lundin, Sverker
    Royal Inst Technol, Div Gene Technol, Sch Biotechnol, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nilsson, Daniel
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Mol Med & Surg, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nystedt, Björn
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Evolution. Natl Bioinformat Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
    Natl Genom Infrastruct, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    SweGen: a whole-genome data resource of genetic variability in a cross-section of the Swedish population2017In: European Journal of Human Genetics, ISSN 1018-4813, E-ISSN 1476-5438, Vol. 25, no 11, p. 1253-1260Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here we describe the SweGen data set, a comprehensive map of genetic variation in the Swedish population. These data represent a basic resource for clinical genetics laboratories as well as for sequencing-based association studies by providing information on genetic variant frequencies in a cohort that is well matched to national patient cohorts. To select samples for this study, we first examined the genetic structure of the Swedish population using high-density SNP-array data from a nation-wide cohort of over 10 000 Swedish-born individuals included in the Swedish Twin Registry. A total of 1000 individuals, reflecting a cross-section of the population and capturing the main genetic structure, were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Analysis pipelines were developed for automated alignment, variant calling and quality control of the sequencing data. This resulted in a genome-wide collection of aggregated variant frequencies in the Swedish population that we have made available to the scientific community through the website https://swefreq.nbis.se. A total of 29.2 million single-nucleotide variants and 3.8 million indels were detected in the 1000 samples, with 9.9 million of these variants not present in current databases. Each sample contributed with an average of 7199 individual-specific variants. In addition, an average of 8645 larger structural variants (SVs) were detected per individual, and we demonstrate that the population frequencies of these SVs can be used for efficient filtering analyses. Finally, our results show that the genetic diversity within Sweden is substantial compared with the diversity among continental European populations, underscoring the relevance of establishing a local reference data set.

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    fulltext
  • 17.
    Ameur, Adam
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Enroth, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Johansson, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Zaboli, Ghazal
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Igl, Wilmar
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Johansson, Anna C. V.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Rivas, Manuel A.
    Daly, Mark J.
    Schmitz, Gerd
    Hicks, Andrew A.
    Meitinger, Thomas
    Feuk, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    van Duijn, Cornelia
    Oostra, Ben
    Pramstaller, Peter P.
    Rudan, Igor
    Wright, Alan F.
    Wilson, James F.
    Campbell, Harry
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Genetic Adaptation of Fatty-Acid Metabolism: A Human-Specific Haplotype Increasing the Biosynthesis of Long-Chain Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids2012In: American Journal of Human Genetics, ISSN 0002-9297, E-ISSN 1537-6605, Vol. 90, no 5, p. 809-820Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential for the development and function of the human brain. They can be obtained directly from food, e.g., fish, or synthesized from precursor molecules found in vegetable oils. To determine the importance of genetic variability to fatty-acid biosynthesis, we studied FADS1 and FADS2, which encode rate-limiting enzymes for fatty-acid conversion. We performed genome-wide genotyping (n = 5,652 individuals) and targeted resequencing (n = 960 individuals) of the FADS region in five European population cohorts. We also analyzed available genomic data from human populations, archaic hominins, and more distant primates. Our results show that present-day humans have two common FADS haplotypes-defined by 28 closely linked SNPs across 38.9 kb-that differ dramatically in their ability to generate LC-PUFAs. No independent effects on FADS activity were seen for rare SNPs detected by targeted resequencing. The more efficient, evolutionarily derived haplotype appeared after the lineage split leading to modern humans and Neanderthals and shows evidence of positive selection. This human-specific haplotype increases the efficiency of synthesizing essential long-chain fatty acids from precursors and thereby might have provided an advantage in environments with limited access to dietary LC-PUFAs. In the modern world, this haplotype has been associated with lifestyle-related diseases, such as coronary artery disease.

  • 18.
    Ameur, Adam
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Meiring, Tracy L.
    Bunikis, Ignas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Häggqvist, Susana
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lindau, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Lindberg, Julia Hedlund
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Gustavsson, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Mbulawa, Zizipho Z. A.
    Williamson, Anna-Lise
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Comprehensive profiling of the vaginal microbiome in HIV positive women using massive parallel semiconductor sequencing2014In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 4, p. 4398-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Infections by HIV increase the risk of acquiring secondary viral and bacterial infections and methods are needed to determine the spectrum of co-infections for proper treatment. We used rolling circle amplification (RCA) and Ion Proton sequencing to investigate the vaginal microbiome of 20 HIV positive women from South Africa. A total of 46 different human papillomavirus (HPV) types were found, many of which are not detected by existing genotyping assays. Moreover, the complete genomes of two novel HPV types were determined. Abundance of HPV infections was highly correlated with real-time PCR estimates, indicating that the RCA-Proton method can be used for quantification of individual pathogens. We also identified a large number of other viral, bacterial and parasitic co-infections and the spectrum of these co-infections varied widely between individuals. Our method provides rapid detection of a broad range of pathogens and the ability to reconstruct complete genomes of novel infectious agents.

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    fulltext
  • 19.
    Ameur, Adam
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Wetterbom, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Feuk, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Global and unbiased detection of splice junctions from RNA-seq data2010In: Genome Biology, ISSN 1474-760X, Vol. 11, no 3, p. R34-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have developed a new strategy for de novo prediction of splice junctions in short-read RNA-seq data, suitable for detection of novel splicing events and chimeric transcripts. When tested on mouse RNA-seq data, > 31,000 splice events were predicted, of which 88% bridged between two regions separated by <= 100 kb, and 74% connected two exons of the same RefSeq gene. Our method also reports genomic rearrangements such as insertions and deletions.

  • 20.
    Ameur, Adam
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Zaghlool, Ammar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Halvardson, Jonatan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Wetterbom, Anna
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Cavelier, Lucia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medical Genetics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Feuk, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Total RNA sequencing reveals nascent transcription and widespread co-transcriptional splicing in the human brain2011In: Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, ISSN 1545-9993, E-ISSN 1545-9985, Vol. 18, no 12, p. 1435-1440Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Transcriptome sequencing allows for analysis of mature RNAs at base pair resolution. Here we show that RNA-seq can also be used for studying nascent RNAs undergoing transcription. We sequenced total RNA from human brain and liver and found a large fraction of reads (up to 40%) within introns. Intronic RNAs were abundant in brain tissue, particularly for genes involved in axonal growth and synaptic transmission. Moreover, we detected significant differences in intronic RNA levels between fetal and adult brains. We show that the pattern of intronic sequence read coverage is explained by nascent transcription in combination with co-transcriptional splicing. Further analysis of co-transcriptional splicing indicates a correlation between slowly removed introns and alternative splicing. Our data show that sequencing of total RNA provides unique insight into the transcriptional processes in the cell, with particular importance for normal brain development.

  • 21. Andersson, S
    et al.
    Safari, H
    Mints, M
    Lewensohn-Fuchs, I
    Gyllensten, U
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Johansson, B
    Type distribution, viral load and integration status of high-risk human papillomaviruses in pre-stages of cervical cancer (CIN).2005In: Br J Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, Vol. 92, no 12, p. 2195-200Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22. Andersson, Sonia
    et al.
    Mints, Miriam
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Lindell, Monica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Gustavsson, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Lambe, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Wilander, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
    Uneven distribution of human papillomavirus 16111 cervical carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma in older females: A retrospective database study2014In: Oncology Letters, ISSN 1792-1074, E-ISSN 1792-1082, Vol. 8, no 4, p. 1528-1532Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 is the dominant cofactor in cervical cancer development. The present report investigated the age-specific prevalence of HPV16 in cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS) in females attending organised cervical cancer screening. A retrospective observational study was performed based on individual data from two databases. A total of 162 females aged between 20 and 65 years from Uppsala County, Sweden with CIS and an HPV test conducted between 2010 and 2011, preceding or concomitant to CIS diagnosis, were included. Females with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n=35) were used for comparison. In total, 96% (n=156) of females with CIS were positive for high-risk HPV; HPV16 was the most prevalent (44.5%), followed by HPV33/52/58 (19.5%), HPV31 (13.1%) and HPV18145 (9.5%). HPV16 was most frequently detected in females with CIS aged between 20 and 29 years (73.6%) and least frequently detected in those aged between 50 and 65 years (33.3%), with a statistically significant age-specific difference (P=0.001). Among the HPV16-positive females, multiple infections were most frequent in the younger age groups. The prevalence of HPV16 in females with CIS decreased with age, whereas a high prevalence of HPV16 remained in females with SCC. These results may indicate that HPV16 has increased oncogenic potential in older females.

  • 23.
    Andreaggi, Kimberly
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics and Neurobiology. Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, DE 19902, USA;SNA International, LLC, Alexandria, VI 22314, USA.
    Bodner, Martin
    Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
    Ring, Joseph D.
    Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, DE 19902, USA;SNA International, LLC, Alexandria, VI 22314, USA.
    Ameur, Adam
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics and Neurobiology.
    Parson, Walther
    Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16801, USA.
    Marshall, Charla
    Armed Forces Medical Examiner System’s Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES-AFDIL), Dover Air Force Base, DE 19902, USA;Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16801, USA.
    Allen, Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics and Neurobiology.
    Complete Mitochondrial DNA Genome Variation in the Swedish Population2023In: Genes, ISSN 2073-4425, E-ISSN 2073-4425, Vol. 14, no 11, p. 1989-1989Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) reference data for inclusion in publicly available population databases is currently underway, and the generation of more high-quality mitogenomes will only enhance the statistical power of this forensically useful locus. To characterize mitogenome variation in Sweden, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) reads from the SweGen whole genome sequencing (WGS) dataset were analyzed. To overcome the interference from low-frequency nuclear mtDNA segments (NUMTs), a 10% variant frequency threshold was applied for the analysis. In total, 934 forensic-quality mitogenome haplotypes were characterized. Almost 45% of the SweGen haplotypes belonged to haplogroup H. Nearly all mitogenome haplotypes (99.1%) were assigned to European haplogroups, which was expected based on previous mtDNA studies of the Swedish population. There were signature northern Swedish and Finnish haplogroups observed in the dataset (e.g., U5b1, W1a), consistent with the nuclear DNA analyses of the SweGen data. The complete mitogenome analysis resulted in high haplotype diversity (0.9996) with a random match probability of 0.15%. Overall, the SweGen mitogenomes provide a large mtDNA reference dataset for the Swedish population and also contribute to the effort to estimate global mitogenome haplotype frequencies.

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  • 24.
    Andreasson, H
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Asp, A
    Alderborn, A
    Gyllensten, U
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Allen, M
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Mitochondrial sequence analysis for forensic identification using pyrosequencing technology.2002In: Biotechniques, Vol. 32, p. 124-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 25.
    Andréasson, H.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Allen, Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Real-Time DNA Quantification of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA in Forensic Analysis2002In: BioTechniques, ISSN 0736-6205, E-ISSN 1940-9818, Vol. 33, no 2, p. 402-411Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The rapid development of molecular genetic analysis tools has made it possible to analyze most biological materialfound at the scene of a crime. Evidence materials containing DNA quantities too low to be analyzed using nuclear markers can be analyzed using the highly abundant mtDNA. However, there is a shortage of sensitive nDNA and mtDNA quantification assays. In this study, an assay for the quantification of very small amounts of DNA, based on the real-time Taq-Man assay, has been developed. This analysis will provide an estimate of the total number of nDNA copies and the total number of mtDNA molecules in a particular evidence material. The quantification is easy to perform, fast, and requires a minimum of the valuable DNA extracted from the evidence materiaL The results will aid in the evaluation of whether the specific sample is suitable for nDNA or mtDNA analysis. Furthermore, the optimal amount of DNA to be used in further analysis can be estimated ensuring that the analysis is successful and that the DNA is retained for future independent analysis. This assay has significant advantages over existing techniques because of its high sensitivity, accuracy, and the combined analysis of nDNA and mtDNA. Moreover, it has the potential to provide additional information about the presence of inhibitors in forensic samples. Subsequent mitochondrial and nuclear analysis of quantified samples illustrated the potential to predict the number of DNA copies required for a successful analysis in a certain typing assay.

  • 26. Aschard, Hugues
    et al.
    Tobin, Martin D
    Hancock, Dana B
    Skurnik, David
    Sood, Akshay
    James, Alan
    Vernon Smith, Albert
    Manichaikul, Ani W
    Campbell, Archie
    Prins, Bram P
    Hayward, Caroline
    Loth, Daan W
    Porteous, David J
    Strachan, David P
    Zeggini, Eleftheria
    O'Connor, George T
    Brusselle, Guy G
    Boezen, H Marike
    Schulz, Holger
    Deary, Ian J
    Hall, Ian P
    Rudan, Igor
    Kaprio, Jaakko
    Wilson, James F
    Wilk, Jemma B
    Huffman, Jennifer E
    Hua Zhao, Jing
    de Jong, Kim
    Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka
    Wain, Louise V
    Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta
    Kähönen, Mika
    Fornage, Myriam
    Polasek, Ozren
    Cassano, Patricia A
    Barr, R Graham
    Rawal, Rajesh
    Harris, Sarah E
    Gharib, Sina A
    Enroth, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Heckbert, Susan R
    Lehtimäki, Terho
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Society Scientific Group, Understanding
    Jackson, Victoria E
    Gudnason, Vilmundur
    Tang, Wenbo
    Dupuis, Josée
    Soler Artigas, María
    Joshi, Amit D
    London, Stephanie J
    Kraft, Peter
    Evidence for large-scale gene-by-smoking interaction effects on pulmonary function2017In: International Journal of Epidemiology, ISSN 0300-5771, E-ISSN 1464-3685, Vol. 46, no 3, p. 894-904Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Smoking is the strongest environmental risk factor for reduced pulmonary function. The genetic component of various pulmonary traits has also been demonstrated, and at least 26 loci have been reproducibly associated with either FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) or FEV1/FVC (FEV1/forced vital capacity). Although the main effects of smoking and genetic loci are well established, the question of potential gene-by-smoking interaction effect remains unanswered. The aim of the present study was to assess, using a genetic risk score approach, whether the effect of these 26 loci on pulmonary function is influenced by smoking.

    METHODS: We evaluated the interaction between smoking exposure, considered as either ever vs never or pack-years, and a 26-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genetic risk score in relation to FEV1 or FEV1/FVC in 50 047 participants of European ancestry from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) and SpiroMeta consortia.

    RESULTS: We identified an interaction (βint = -0.036, 95% confidence interval, -0.040 to -0.032, P = 0.00057) between an unweighted 26 SNP genetic risk score and smoking status (ever/never) on the FEV1/FVC ratio. In interpreting this interaction, we showed that the genetic risk of falling below the FEV 1: /FVC threshold used to diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is higher among ever smokers than among never smokers. A replication analysis in two independent datasets, although not statistically significant, showed a similar trend in the interaction effect.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the benefit of using genetic risk scores for identifying interactions missed when studying individual SNPs and shows, for the first time, that persons with the highest genetic risk for low FEV1/FVC may be more susceptible to the deleterious effects of smoking.

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  • 27. Aulchenko, Yurii S
    et al.
    Ripatti, Samuli
    Lindqvist, Ida
    Boomsma, Dorret
    Heid, Iris M
    Pramstaller, Peter P
    Penninx, Brenda W J H
    Janssens, A Cecile J W
    Wilson, James F
    Spector, Tim
    Martin, Nicholas G
    Pedersen, Nancy L
    Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm
    Kaprio, Jaakko
    Hofman, Albert
    Freimer, Nelson B
    Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Campbell, Harry
    Rudan, Igor
    Johansson, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Marroni, Fabio
    Hayward, Caroline
    Vitart, Veronique
    Jonasson, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Pattaro, Cristian
    Wright, Alan
    Hastie, Nick
    Pichler, Irene
    Hicks, Andrew A
    Falchi, Mario
    Willemsen, Gonneke
    Hottenga, Jouke-Jan
    de Geus, Eco J C
    Montgomery, Grant W
    Whitfield, John
    Magnusson, Patrik
    Saharinen, Juha
    Perola, Markus
    Silander, Kaisa
    Isaacs, Aaron
    Sijbrands, Eric J G
    Uitterlinden, Andre G
    Witteman, Jacqueline C M
    Oostra, Ben A
    Elliott, Paul
    Ruokonen, Aimo
    Sabatti, Chiara
    Gieger, Christian
    Meitinger, Thomas
    Kronenberg, Florian
    Döring, Angela
    Wichmann, H-Erich
    Smit, Johannes H
    McCarthy, Mark I
    van Duijn, Cornelia M
    Peltonen, Leena
    Loci influencing lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk in 16 European population cohorts2009In: Nature Genetics, ISSN 1061-4036, E-ISSN 1546-1718, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 47-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies of lipids have been conducted in samples ascertained for other phenotypes, particularly diabetes. Here we report the first GWA analysis of loci affecting total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides sampled randomly from 16 population-based cohorts and genotyped using mainly the Illumina HumanHap300-Duo platform. Our study included a total of 17,797-22,562 persons, aged 18-104 years and from geographic regions spanning from the Nordic countries to Southern Europe. We established 22 loci associated with serum lipid levels at a genome-wide significance level (P < 5 x 10(-8)), including 16 loci that were identified by previous GWA studies. The six newly identified loci in our cohort samples are ABCG5 (TC, P = 1.5 x 10(-11); LDL, P = 2.6 x 10(-10)), TMEM57 (TC, P = 5.4 x 10(-10)), CTCF-PRMT8 region (HDL, P = 8.3 x 10(-16)), DNAH11 (LDL, P = 6.1 x 10(-9)), FADS3-FADS2 (TC, P = 1.5 x 10(-10); LDL, P = 4.4 x 10(-13)) and MADD-FOLH1 region (HDL, P = 6 x 10(-11)). For three loci, effect sizes differed significantly by sex. Genetic risk scores based on lipid loci explain up to 4.8% of variation in lipids and were also associated with increased intima media thickness (P = 0.001) and coronary heart disease incidence (P = 0.04). The genetic risk score improves the screening of high-risk groups of dyslipidemia over classical risk factors.

  • 28.
    Berggrund, Malin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Enroth, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Lundberg, Martin
    OLINK Prote, Uppsala Sci Pk, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Assarsson, Erika
    OLINK Prote, Uppsala Sci Pk, SE-75183 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Stålberg, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive Health.
    Lindquist, David
    Umeå Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
    Hallmans, Göran
    Umeå Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med, Nutr Res, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
    Grankvist, Kjell
    Umeå Univ, Dept Med Biosci, Clin Chem, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
    Olovsson, Matts
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive biology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Identification of Candidate Plasma Protein Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer Using the Multiplex Proximity Extension Assay2019In: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, ISSN 1535-9476, E-ISSN 1535-9484, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 735-743Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recommended as the primary test in cervical cancer screening, with co-testing by cytology for HPV-positive women to identify cervical lesions. Cytology has low sensitivity and there is a need to identify biomarkers that could identify dysplasia that are likely to progress to cancer. We searched for plasma proteins that could identify women with cervical cancer using the multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA). The abundance of 100 proteins were measured in plasma collected at the time of diagnosis of patients with invasive cervical cancer and in population controls using the Olink Multiplex panels CVD II, INF I, and ONC II. Eighty proteins showed increased levels in cases compared with controls. We identified a signature of 11 proteins (PTX3, ITGB1BP2, AXIN1, STAMPB, SRC, SIRT2, 4E-BP1, PAPPA, HB-EGF, NEMO and IL27) that distinguished cases and controls with a sensitivity of 0.96 at a specificity of 1.0. This signature was evaluated in a prospective replication cohort with samples collected before, at or after diagnosis and achieved a sensitivity of 0.78 and a specificity 0.56 separating samples collected at the time of diagnosis of invasive cancer from samples collected prior to diagnosis. No difference in abundance was seen between samples collected prior to diagnosis or after treatment as compared with population controls, indicating that this protein signature is mainly informative close to time of diagnosis. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal window in time prior to diagnosis for these biomarker candidates.

  • 29.
    Berggrund, Malin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Gustavsson, Inger M.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Aarnio, Riina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Reproductive biology.
    Lindberg, Julia Hedlund
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Sanner, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Reproductive biology.
    Wikström, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Reproductive biology.
    Enroth, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Bunikis, Ignas
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Olovsson, Matts
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Reproductive biology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Temporal changes in the vaginal microbiota in self-samples and its association with persistent HPV16 infection and CIN2+2020In: Virology Journal, E-ISSN 1743-422X, Vol. 17, article id 147Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The vaginal microbiota has been reported to be associated with HPV infection and cervical cancer. This study was performed to compare the vaginal microbiota at two timepoints in women performing self-sampling and had a persistent or transient HPV16 infection. The women were tested for 12 high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types but only women with single type (HPV16) were included to reduce confounding variables.

    Methods

    In total 96 women were included in this study. Of these, 26 were single positive for HPV16 in the baseline test and HPV negative in the follow-up test and 38 were single positive for HPV16 in both tests and diagnosed with CIN2+ in histology. In addition, 32 women that were negative for all 12 HPV tested were included. The samples of vaginal fluid were analyzed with the Ion 16S™ Metagenomics Kit and Ion 16S™ metagenomics module within the Ion Reporter™ software.

    Results

    K-means clustering resulted in two Lactobacillus-dominated groups, one with Lactobacillus sp. and the other specifically with Lactobacillus iners. The two remaining clusters were dominated by a mixed non-Lactobacillus microbiota. HPV negative women had lower prevalence (28%) of the non-Lactobacill dominant cluster in the baseline test, as compared to women with HPV16 infection (42%) (p value = 0.0173). Transition between clusters were more frequent in women with persistent HPV16 infection (34%) as compared in women who cleared the HPV16 infection (19%) (p value = 0.036).

    Conclusions

    The vaginal microbiota showed a higher rate of transitioning between bacterial profiles in women with persistent HPV16 infection as compared to women with transient infection. This indicate an instability in the microenvironment in women with persistent HPV infection and development of CIN2+.

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  • 30.
    Berggrund, Malin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Gustavsson, Inger M.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Aarnio, Riina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Reproductive biology.
    Lindberg, Julia Hedlund
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Sanner, Karin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Reproductive biology.
    Wikström, Ingrid
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Reproductive biology.
    Enroth, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Olovsson, Matts
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Reproductive biology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    HPV viral load in self-collected vaginal fluid samples as predictor for presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.2019In: Virology Journal, E-ISSN 1743-422X, Vol. 16, article id 146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the use of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) viral load in screening tests for cervical cancer to predict persistent infection and presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+).

    METHODS: We followed women between 30 and 60 years of age who performed self-sampling of vaginal fluid and subsequently a hrHPV test. Women who were hrHPV positive in their screening test repeated the hrHPV test 3-6 months later and were included in the present study.

    RESULTS: Our results show that women with a persistent HPV16 infection had higher HPV viral load in their primary screening test than women with transient infections (p = 5.33e-03). This was also true for sum of viral load for all hrHPV types in the primary screening test (p = 3.88e-07). 48% of women with persistent HPV16 infection and CIN2+ had an increase in HPV16 titer in the follow-up test, as compared to only 20% of women with persistent infection but without CIN2+ lesions. For the sum of all hrHPV types, 41% of women with persistent infection and CIN2+ had an increase in titer as compared to 26% of women without CIN2 + .

    CONCLUSIONS: The results show that hrHPV viral load in the primary screening HPV test is associated with the presence of CIN2+ and could be used in triaging hrHPV positive women for different follow-up strategies or recall times. Serial testing of hrHPV viral load has the potential to distinguish women with CIN2+ lesions from women with persistent infection but without CIN2+ lesions.

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  • 31.
    Bergström, Tomas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Engkvist, Hans
    Erlandsson, Rickard
    Josefsson, Agneta
    Mack, Steve
    Erlich, Henry
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Tracing the origin of HLA-DRB1 alleles by microsatellite polymorphism.1999In: Am J Hum Genet, ISSN 0002-9297, Vol. 64, no 6, p. 1709-18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We analyzed the origin of allelic diversity at the class II HLA-DRB1 locus, using a complex microsatellite located in intron 2, close to the polymorphic second exon. A phylogenetic analysis of human, gorilla, and chimpanzee DRB1 sequences indicated that the structure of the microsatellite has evolved, primarily by point mutations, from a putative ancestral (GT)x(GA)y-complex-dinucleotide repeat. In all contemporary DRB1 allelic lineages, with the exception of the human *04 and the gorilla *08 lineages, the (GA)y repeat is interrupted, often by a G-->C substitution. In general, the length of the 3' (GA)y repeat correlates with the allelic lineage and thus evolves more slowly than a middle (GA)z repeat, whose length correlates with specific alleles within the lineage. Comparison of the microsatellite sequence from 30 human DRB1 alleles showed the longer 5' (GT)x to be more variable than the shorter middle (GA)z and 3' (GA)y repeats. Analysis of multiple samples with the same exon sequence, derived from different continents, showed that the 5' (GT)x repeat evolves more rapidly than the middle (GA)z and the 3' (GA)y repeats, which is consistent with findings of a higher mutation rate for longer tracts. The microsatellite-repeat-length variation was used to trace the origin of new DRB1 alleles, such as the new *08 alleles found in the Cayapa people of Ecuador and the Ticuna people of Brazil.

  • 32.
    Bergström, Tomas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Erlandsson, Rickard
    Engkvist, Hans
    Josefsson, Agneta
    Erlich, Henry
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Phylogenetic history of hominoid DRB loci and alleles inferred from intron sequences.1999In: Immunol Rev, ISSN 0105-2896, Vol. 167, p. 351-65Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The evolutionary relationships among the MHC class II DRB4, DRB5 and DRB6 loci as well as the allelic lineages and alleles of the DRB1 locus were studied based on intron 1 and intron 2 sequences from humans, chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (Pan paniscus) and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla). The phylogenetic trees for these sequences indicate that most of the DRB1 allelic lineages predate the separation of the hominoid species studied, consistent with previous analysis of the coding sequences of these lineages. However, the intron sequence variation among alleles within DRB1 allelic lineages is very limited, consistent with the notion that the majority of the contemporary alleles have been generated within the last 250,000 years. The clustering of the DRB1 allelic lineages *08 and *12 with *03 supports a common ancestry for the DR8 and DR52 haplotypes. Similarly, the clustering of DRB1 allelic lineages *15 and *01 with the DRB3 locus is consistent with a common ancestry for the DR1 and DR51 haplotypes. Two cases of recombination around the second exon were observed: 1) the HLA-DRB6 locus appears to have been generated through a recombination between a DRB5 allele and an ancestral DRB6 allele, and 2) the gorilla sequence Gogo-DRB1 *03 appears to have been generated through a recombination between the DRB3 locus and an allele from the DRB1 *03 allelic lineage. The nucleotide substitution rate of DRB introns was estimated to 0.85-1.63 x 10(-9) per site per year, based on comparisons between the most closely related sequences from different hominoid species. This estimate is similar to the substitution rate for other intronic regions of the primate genome.

  • 33.
    Bergström, Tomas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Josefsson, Agneta
    Erlich, Henry
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Recent origin of HLA-DRB1 alleles and implications for human evolution.1998In: Nat Genet, ISSN 1061-4036, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 237-42Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The HLA class I and class II loci are the most highly polymorphic coding regions in the human genome. Based on the similarity of the coding sequences of alleles between species, it has been claimed that the HLA polymorphism is ancient and predates the separation of human (Homo) and chimpanzee (Pan), 4-7.4 Myr ago. Analysis of intron sequences, however, provides support for a more recent origin and for rapid generation of alleles at the HLA class II DRB1 locus. The human DRB1 alleles can be divided into groups (allelic lineages); most of these lineages have diverged from each other before the separation of Homo and Pan. Alleles within such a lineage, however, appear to be, on average, 250,000 years old, implying that the vast majority (greater than 90%) of the more than 135 contemporary human DRB1 alleles have been generated after the separation of Homo and Pan. The coalescence time of alleles within allelic lineages indicates that the effective population size (Ne) for early hominids (over the last 1 Myr) was approximately 10(4) individuals, similar to estimates based on other nuclear loci and mitochondrial DNA. With a single exception, the genetic mechanisms (gene conversion and point mutation) that have diversified the exon-2 sequences do not appear to extend into the adjacent intron sequences. The part of exon 2 encoding the beta-sheet evolves in concert with the surrounding introns, while the alpha-helix appears to have been subjected to gene conversion-like events, suggesting that such exchange events are highly localised and occur over extremely short sequence tracts.

  • 34. Berndt, Sonja I.
    et al.
    Gustafsson, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Maegi, Reedik
    Ganna, Andrea
    Wheeler, Eleanor
    Feitosa, Mary F.
    Justice, Anne E.
    Monda, Keri L.
    Croteau-Chonka, Damien C.
    Day, Felix R.
    Esko, Tonu
    Fall, Tove
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ferreira, Teresa
    Gentilini, Davide
    Jackson, Anne U.
    Luan, Jian'an
    Randall, Joshua C.
    Vedantam, Sailaja
    Willer, Cristen J.
    Winkler, Thomas W.
    Wood, Andrew R.
    Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie
    Hu, Yi-Juan
    Lee, Sang Hong
    Liang, Liming
    Lin, Dan-Yu
    Min, Josine L.
    Neale, Benjamin M.
    Thorleifsson, Gudmar
    Yang, Jian
    Albrecht, Eva
    Amin, Najaf
    Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L.
    Cadby, Gemma
    den Heijer, Martin
    Eklund, Niina
    Fischer, Krista
    Goel, Anuj
    Hottenga, Jouke-Jan
    Huffman, Jennifer E.
    Jarick, Ivonne
    Johansson, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Johnson, Toby
    Kanoni, Stavroula
    Kleber, Marcus E.
    Koenig, Inke R.
    Kristiansson, Kati
    Kutalik, Zoltn
    Lamina, Claudia
    Lecoeur, Cecile
    Li, Guo
    Mangino, Massimo
    McArdle, Wendy L.
    Medina-Gomez, Carolina
    Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina
    Ngwa, Julius S.
    Nolte, Ilja M.
    Paternoster, Lavinia
    Pechlivanis, Sonali
    Perola, Markus
    Peters, Marjolein J.
    Preuss, Michael
    Rose, Lynda M.
    Shi, Jianxin
    Shungin, Dmitry
    Smith, Albert Vernon
    Strawbridge, Rona J.
    Surakka, Ida
    Teumer, Alexander
    Trip, Mieke D.
    Tyrer, Jonathan
    Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V.
    Vandenput, Liesbeth
    Waite, Lindsay L.
    Zhao, Jing Hua
    Absher, Devin
    Asselbergs, Folkert W.
    Atalay, Mustafa
    Attwood, Antony P.
    Balmforth, Anthony J.
    Basart, Hanneke
    Beilby, John
    Bonnycastle, Lori L.
    Brambilla, Paolo
    Bruinenberg, Marcel
    Campbell, Harry
    Chasman, Daniel I.
    Chines, Peter S.
    Collins, Francis S.
    Connell, John M.
    Cookson, William O.
    de Faire, Ulf
    de Vegt, Femmie
    Dei, Mariano
    Dimitriou, Maria
    Edkins, Sarah
    Estrada, Karol
    Evans, David M.
    Farrall, Martin
    Ferrario, Marco M.
    Ferrieres, Jean
    Franke, Lude
    Frau, Francesca
    Gejman, Pablo V.
    Grallert, Harald
    Groenberg, Henrik
    Gudnason, Vilmundur
    Hall, Alistair S.
    Hall, Per
    Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa
    Hayward, Caroline
    Heard-Costa, Nancy L.
    Heath, Andrew C.
    Hebebrand, Johannes
    Homuth, Georg
    Hu, Frank B.
    Hunt, Sarah E.
    Hyppoenen, Elina
    Iribarren, Carlos
    Jacobs, Kevin B.
    Jansson, John-Olov
    Jula, Antti
    Kahonen, Mika
    Kathiresan, Sekar
    Kee, Frank
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Kivimaki, Mika
    Koenig, Wolfgang
    Kraja, Aldi T.
    Kumari, Meena
    Kuulasmaa, Kari
    Kuusisto, Johanna
    Laitinen, Jaana H.
    Lakka, Timo A.
    Langenberg, Claudia
    Launer, Lenore J.
    Lind, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular epidemiology.
    Lindström, Jaana
    Liu, Jianjun
    Liuzzi, Antonio
    Lokki, Marja-Liisa
    Lorentzon, Mattias
    Madden, Pamela A.
    Magnusson, Patrik K.
    Manunta, Paolo
    Marek, Diana
    März, Winfried
    Leach, Irene Mateo
    McKnight, Barbara
    Medland, Sarah E.
    Mihailov, Evelin
    Milani, Lili
    Montgomery, Grant W.
    Mooser, Vincent
    Muehleisen, Thomas W.
    Munroe, Patricia B.
    Musk, Arthur W.
    Narisu, Narisu
    Navis, Gerjan
    Nicholson, George
    Nohr, Ellen A.
    Ong, Ken K.
    Oostra, Ben A.
    Palmer, Colin N. A.
    Palotie, Aarno
    Peden, John F.
    Pedersen, Nancy
    Peters, Annette
    Polasek, Ozren
    Pouta, Anneli
    Pramstaller, Peter P.
    Prokopenko, Inga
    Puetter, Carolin
    Radhakrishnan, Aparna
    Raitakari, Olli
    Rendon, Augusto
    Rivadeneira, Fernando
    Rudan, Igor
    Saaristo, Timo E.
    Sambrook, Jennifer G.
    Sanders, Alan R.
    Sanna, Serena
    Saramies, Jouko
    Schipf, Sabine
    Schreiber, Stefan
    Schunkert, Heribert
    Shin, So-Youn
    Signorini, Stefano
    Sinisalo, Juha
    Skrobek, Boris
    Soranzo, Nicole
    Stancakova, Alena
    Stark, Klaus
    Stephens, Jonathan C.
    Stirrups, Kathleen
    Stolk, Ronald P.
    Stumvoll, Michael
    Swift, Amy J.
    Theodoraki, Eirini V.
    Thorand, Barbara
    Tregouet, David-Alexandre
    Tremoli, Elena
    Van der Klauw, Melanie M.
    van Meurs, Joyce B. J.
    Vermeulen, Sita H.
    Viikari, Jorma
    Virtamo, Jarmo
    Vitart, Veronique
    Waeber, Gerard
    Wang, Zhaoming
    Widen, Elisabeth
    Wild, Sarah H.
    Willemsen, Gonneke
    Winkelmann, Bernhard R.
    Witteman, Jacqueline C. M.
    Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.
    Wong, Andrew
    Wright, Alan F.
    Zillikens, M. Carola
    Amouyel, Philippe
    Boehm, Bernhard O.
    Boerwinkle, Eric
    Boomsma, Dorret I.
    Caulfield, Mark J.
    Chanock, Stephen J.
    Cupples, L. Adrienne
    Cusi, Daniele
    Dedoussis, George V.
    Erdmann, Jeanette
    Eriksson, Johan G.
    Franks, Paul W.
    Froguel, Philippe
    Gieger, Christian
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Hamsten, Anders
    Harris, Tamara B.
    Hengstenberg, Christian
    Hicks, Andrew A.
    Hingorani, Aroon
    Hinney, Anke
    Hofman, Albert
    Hovingh, Kees G.
    Hveem, Kristian
    Illig, Thomas
    Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta
    Joeckel, Karl-Heinz
    Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M.
    Kiemeney, Lambertus A.
    Kuh, Diana
    Laakso, Markku
    Lehtimaki, Terho
    Levinson, Douglas F.
    Martin, Nicholas G.
    Metspalu, Andres
    Morris, Andrew D.
    Nieminen, Markku S.
    Njolstad, Inger
    Ohlsson, Claes
    Oldehinkel, Albertine J.
    Ouwehand, Willem H.
    Palmer, Lyle J.
    Penninx, Brenda
    Power, Chris
    Province, Michael A.
    Psaty, Bruce M.
    Qi, Lu
    Rauramaa, Rainer
    Ridker, Paul M.
    Ripatti, Samuli
    Salomaa, Veikko
    Samani, Nilesh J.
    Snieder, Harold
    Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.
    Spector, Timothy D.
    Stefansson, Kari
    Tonjes, Anke
    Tuomilehto, Jaakko
    Uitterlinden, Andre G.
    Uusitupa, Matti
    van der Harst, Pim
    Vollenweider, Peter
    Wallaschofski, Henri
    Wareham, Nicholas J.
    Watkins, Hugh
    Wichmann, H-Erich
    Wilson, James F.
    Abecasis, Goncalo R.
    Assimes, Themistocles L.
    Barroso, Ines
    Boehnke, Michael
    Borecki, Ingrid B.
    Deloukas, Panos
    Fox, Caroline S.
    Frayling, Timothy
    Groop, Leif C.
    Haritunian, Talin
    Heid, Iris M.
    Hunter, David
    Kaplan, Robert C.
    Karpe, Fredrik
    Moffatt, Miriam F.
    Mohlke, Karen L.
    O'Connell, Jeffrey R.
    Pawitan, Yudi
    Schadt, Eric E.
    Schlessinger, David
    Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur
    Strachan, David P.
    Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur
    van Duijn, Cornelia M.
    Visscher, Peter M.
    Di Blasio, Anna Maria
    Hirschhorn, Joel N.
    Lindgren, Cecilia M.
    Morris, Andrew P.
    Meyre, David
    Scherag, Andr
    McCarthy, Mark I.
    Speliotes, Elizabeth K.
    North, Kari E.
    Loos, Ruth J. F.
    Ingelsson, Erik
    Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular epidemiology. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
    Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture2013In: Nature Genetics, ISSN 1061-4036, E-ISSN 1546-1718, Vol. 45, no 5, p. 501-U69Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.

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  • 35.
    Beskow, Anna H.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Engelmark, Malin T.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Magnusson, Jessica J.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Interaction of host and viral risk factors for development of cervical carcinoma in situ2005In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 117, no 4, p. 690-692Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Infection by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical carcinoma. Several host genetic and viral factors have been reported to increase the risk of carcinoma development given an HPV infection. In our study, we have analysed the contribution of HPV 16 E6 sequence subtype and allelic variation at human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II loci to the risk of developing cervical carcinoma in situ. Non-European-like HPV 16 E6 sequence subtypes were not found to be associated with an increased risk of cervical carcinoma, as compared to European-like variants. However, an association was found between the HPV 16 E6 L83V variant and the DR*04-DQ*03 haplotype. This association has been observed in several independent studies and shows that both the host HLA class II genotype and viral subtype will affect the risk of an infection progressing into cervical carcinoma.

  • 36. Beskow, Anna H
    et al.
    Moberg, Martin
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    HLA class II allele control of HPV load in carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri.2005In: Int J Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, Vol. 117, no 3, p. 510-4Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Beskow, Anna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Rönnholm, Jessica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Magnusson, Patrik K
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf B
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Susceptibility locus for epidermodysplasia verruciformis not linked to cervical cancer in situ2001In: Hereditas, ISSN 0018-0661, E-ISSN 1601-5223, Vol. 135, no 1, p. 61-63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cervical cancer is strongly associated with infection by oncogenic forms of human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly HPV 16 and HPV 18. The aim of this study was to test if a locus previously mapped to a region on chromosome 17 qter in patients with epidermodysplasia verucciformis (EV) and psoriasis and considered to be responsible for an increased susceptibility to HPV 5, also is linked to increased HPV susceptibility in cervical cancer in situ. We also wanted to test whether HPV 16 positivity cluster in families with cervical cancer. DNA was extracted from formalin fixed biopsies of 224 affected from 77 families diagnosed with cervical cancer in situ. Two microsatellite markers (D17S939 and D17S802) containing the locus were genotyped and linkage analysis was performed. No linkage was found to any of the two markers, neither when considering all cancer cases as affected nor when only considering HPV 16 infected cancer cases as affected in the analysis. We conclude that the susceptibility locus for HPV 5 infections associated with EV and psoriasis does not seem to affect susceptibility to HPV 16, frequently detected in cervical cancer. Also, positivity for HPV 16 did not show a significant clustering in families.

  • 38. Budowle, B.
    et al.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Chakraborty, R.
    Allen, Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Forensic analysis of the mitochondrial coding region and association to disease.2005In: International journal of legal medicine, ISSN 0937-9827, E-ISSN 1437-1596, Vol. 119, no 5, p. 314-315Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Cahill, Nicola
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Ameur, Adam
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Knutson, Carina
    Orebrand, Ulrika
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Bengtsson, Mats
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology.
    HLA Typing By SMRT Sequencing: Advantages Of Full Length HLA Genotyping In Clinical Routine2014In: Tissue Antigens, ISSN 0001-2815, E-ISSN 1399-0039, Vol. 84, no 1, p. 113-113Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 40. Castro, Felipe A
    et al.
    Ivansson, Emma L
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Schmitt, Markus
    Juko-Pecirep, Ivana
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Kjellberg, Lennart
    Hildesheim, Allan
    Gyllensten, Ulf B
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Pawlita, Michael
    Contribution of TMC6 and TMC8 (EVER1 and EVER2) variants to cervical cancer susceptibility2012In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 130, no 2, p. 349-355Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cervical cancer (CxCa) is caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; genetic predisposition is also suspected to play a role. Our study is a targeted candidate gene follow-up based on: (i) strong clinical evidence demonstrating that mutations in the TMC6 and TMC8 (EVER1 and EVER2) genes associate with the HPV-associated disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) and (ii) recent epidemiological data suggesting a genetic susceptibility conferred by polymorphisms in such genes for skin and CxCa. Clarifying the association of the TMC6/8 genes with risk of CxCa will help in understanding why some HPV-infected women develop persistent infection, cervical lesions and eventually cancer while others do not. Twenty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) harboring the TMC6/8 genes were genotyped in 2,989 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III or invasive CxCa and 2,281 controls from the Swedish population. Association was evaluated in logistic regression models. Two SNPs displayed association with cervical disease: rs2290907 [odds ratio (OR)(GGvsAA) = 0.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.3-0.9, p = 0.02)] and rs16970849 (OR(AGvsGG) = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.66-0.98, p = 0.03). The present data support the involvement of the TMC6/8 region in CxCa susceptibility but further analyses are needed to replicate our findings, fully characterize the region and understand the function of the genetic variants involved.

  • 41. Chasman, Daniel I.
    et al.
    Fuchsberger, Christian
    Pattaro, Cristian
    Teumer, Alexander
    Boeger, Carsten A.
    Endlich, Karlhans
    Olden, Matthias
    Chen, Ming-Huei
    Tin, Adrienne
    Taliun, Daniel
    Li, Man
    Gao, Xiaoyi
    Gorski, Mathias
    Yang, Qiong
    Hundertmark, Claudia
    Foster, Meredith C.
    O'Seaghdha, Conall M.
    Glazer, Nicole
    Isaacs, Aaron
    Liu, Ching-Ti
    Smith, Albert V.
    O'Connell, Jeffrey R.
    Struchalin, Maksim
    Tanaka, Toshiko
    Li, Guo
    Johnson, Andrew D.
    Gierman, Hinco J.
    Feitosa, Mary F.
    Hwang, Shih-Jen
    Atkinson, Elizabeth J.
    Lohman, Kurt
    Cornelis, Marilyn C.
    Johansson, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Toenjes, Anke
    Dehghan, Abbas
    Lambert, Jean-Charles
    Holliday, Elizabeth G.
    Sorice, Rossella
    Kutalik, Zoltan
    Lehtimaeki, Terho
    Esko, Tonu
    Deshmukh, Harshal
    Ulivi, Sheila
    Chu, Audrey Y.
    Murgia, Federico
    Trompet, Stella
    Imboden, Medea
    Coassin, Stefan
    Pistis, Giorgio
    Harris, Tamara B.
    Launer, Lenore J.
    Aspelund, Thor
    Eiriksdottir, Gudny
    Mitchell, Braxton D.
    Boerwinkle, Eric
    Schmidt, Helena
    Cavalieri, Margherita
    Rao, Madhumathi
    Hu, Frank
    Demirkan, Ayse
    Oostra, Ben A.
    de Andrade, Mariza
    Turner, Stephen T.
    Ding, Jingzhong
    Andrews, Jeanette S.
    Freedman, Barry I.
    Giulianini, Franco
    Koenig, Wolfgang
    Illig, Thomas
    Meisinger, Christa
    Gieger, Christian
    Zgaga, Lina
    Zemunik, Tatijana
    Boban, Mladen
    Minelli, Cosetta
    Wheeler, Heather E.
    Igl, Wilmar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Zaboli, Ghazal
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, UCR-Uppsala Clinical Research Center.
    Wild, Sarah H.
    Wright, Alan F.
    Campbell, Harry
    Ellinghaus, David
    Noethlings, Ute
    Jacobs, Gunnar
    Biffar, Reiner
    Ernst, Florian
    Homuth, Georg
    Kroemer, Heyo K.
    Nauck, Matthias
    Stracke, Sylvia
    Voelker, Uwe
    Voelzke, Henry
    Kovacs, Peter
    Stumvoll, Michael
    Maegi, Reedik
    Hofman, Albert
    Uitterlinden, Andre G.
    Rivadeneira, Fernando
    Aulchenko, Yurii S.
    Polasek, Ozren
    Hastie, Nick
    Vitart, Veronique
    Helmer, Catherine
    Wang, Jie Jin
    Stengel, Benedicte
    Ruggiero, Daniela
    Bergmann, Sven
    Kahonen, Mika
    Viikari, Jorma
    Nikopensius, Tiit
    Province, Michael
    Ketkar, Shamika
    Colhoun, Helen
    Doney, Alex
    Robino, Antonietta
    Kraemer, Bernhard K.
    Portas, Laura
    Ford, Ian
    Buckley, Brendan M.
    Adam, Martin
    Thun, Gian-Andri
    Paulweber, Bernhard
    Haun, Margot
    Sala, Cinzia
    Mitchell, Paul
    Ciullo, Marina
    Kim, Stuart K.
    Vollenweider, Peter
    Raitakari, Olli
    Metspalu, Andres
    Palmer, Colin
    Gasparini, Paolo
    Pirastu, Mario
    Jukema, J. Wouter
    Probst-Hensch, Nicole M.
    Kronenberg, Florian
    Toniolo, Daniela
    Gudnason, Vilmundur
    Shuldiner, Alan R.
    Coresh, Josef
    Schmidt, Reinhold
    Ferrucci, Luigi
    Siscovick, David S.
    van Duijn, Cornelia M.
    Borecki, Ingrid B.
    Kardia, Sharon L. R.
    Liu, Yongmei
    Curhan, Gary C.
    Rudan, Igor
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Wilson, James F.
    Franke, Andre
    Pramstaller, Peter P.
    Rettig, Rainer
    Prokopenko, Inga
    Witteman, Jacqueline
    Hayward, Caroline
    Ridker, Paul M.
    Parsa, Afshin
    Bochud, Murielle
    Heid, Iris M.
    Kao, W. H. Linda
    Fox, Caroline S.
    Koettgen, Anna
    Integration of genome-wide association studies with biological knowledge identifies six novel genes related to kidney function2012In: Human Molecular Genetics, ISSN 0964-6906, E-ISSN 1460-2083, Vol. 21, no 24, p. 5329-5343Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS), analytical approaches leveraging biological information may further understanding of the pathophysiology of clinical traits. To discover novel associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function, we developed a strategy for integrating prior biological knowledge into the existing GWAS data for eGFR from the CKDGen Consortium. Our strategy focuses on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in genes that are connected by functional evidence, determined by literature mining and gene ontology (GO) hierarchies, to genes near previously validated eGFR associations. It then requires association thresholds consistent with multiple testing, and finally evaluates novel candidates by independent replication. Among the samples of European ancestry, we identified a genome-wide significant SNP in FBXL20 (P 5.6 10(9)) in meta-analysis of all available data, and additional SNPs at the INHBC, LRP2, PLEKHA1, SLC3A2 and SLC7A6 genes meeting multiple-testing corrected significance for replication and overall P-values of 4.5 10(4)2.2 10(7). Neither the novel PLEKHA1 nor FBXL20 associations, both further supported by association with eGFR among African Americans and with transcript abundance, would have been implicated by eGFR candidate gene approaches. LRP2, encoding the megalin receptor, was identified through connection with the previously known eGFR gene DAB2 and extends understanding of the megalin system in kidney function. These findings highlight integration of existing genome-wide association data with independent biological knowledge to uncover novel candidate eGFR associations, including candidates lacking known connections to kidney-specific pathways. The strategy may also be applicable to other clinical phenotypes, although more testing will be needed to assess its potential for discovery in general.

  • 42. Chatterjee, Koushik
    et al.
    Engelmark, Malin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Dandara, Collet
    van der Merwe, Lize
    Galal, Ushma
    Hoffman, Margaret
    Williamson, Anna-Lise
    Fas and FasL gene polymorphisms are not associated with cervical cancer but differ among Black and Mixed-ancestry South Africans2009In: BMC research notes, ISSN 1756-0500, Vol. 2, p. 238-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the most important cancers in African women. Polymorphisms in the Fas (FasR) and Fas ligand (FasL) genes have been reported to be associated with cervical cancer in certain populations. This study investigated whether these polymorphisms are associated with cervical cancer or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in South African women. FINDINGS: Participants were 447 women with invasive cervical cancer (106 black African and 341 women of mixed-ancestry) and 424 healthy women controls, matched by age, (101 black African and 323 women of mixed-ancestry) and domicile (rural or urban). Two polymorphisms in Fas gene (FasR-1377G/A, FasR-670A/G) and one in FasL gene (FasL844T/C) were genotyped by TaqMan. None of the polymorphisms, or the Fas haplotypes, showed a significant association with cervical cancer. There was also no association with HPV infection in the control group. However, on analysis of the control group, highly significant allele, genotype and haplotype differences were found between the two ethnic groups. There were generally low frequencies of FasR-1377A alleles, FasR-670A alleles and FasL-844C alleles in black women compared to the women of mixed-ancestry. CONCLUSION: This is the first study on the role of Fas and FasL polymorphisms in cervical cancer in African populations. Our results suggest that these SNPs are not associated with cervical cancer in these populations. The allele frequencies of the three SNPs differed markedly between the indigenous African black and mixed-ancestry populations.

  • 43.
    Chen, Dan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Minist Educ, Xinhua Hosp, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai Key Lab Childrens Environm Hlth, Xinhua Hosp, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China..
    Cui, Tao
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Ek, Weronica E.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Liu, Han
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Minist Educ, Xinhua Hosp, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.;Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai Key Lab Childrens Environm Hlth, Xinhua Hosp, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Huibo
    Nanjing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Neurosurg, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, Peoples R China..
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Analysis of the genetic architecture of susceptibility to cervical cancer indicates that common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability2015In: Carcinogenesis, ISSN 0143-3334, E-ISSN 1460-2180, Vol. 36, no 9, p. 992-998Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The genetic architecture of susceptibility to cervical cancer is not well-understood. By using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1034 cervical cancer patients and 3948 controls with 632 668 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we estimated that 24.0% [standard error (SE) = 5.9%, P = 3.19 x 10(-6)] of variation in liability to cervical cancer is captured by autosomal SNPs, a bit lower than the heritability estimated from family study (27.0%), suggesting that a substantial proportion of the heritability is tagged by common SNPs. The remaining missing heritability most probably reflects incomplete linkage disequilibrium between causal variants and the genotyped SNPs. The variance explained by each chromosome is not related to its length (R-2 = 0.020, P = 0.516). Published genome-wide significant variants only explain 2.1% (SE = 1.5%, P = 0) of phenotypic variance, which reveals that most of the heritability has not been detected, presumably due to small individual effects. Another 2.1% (SE = 1.1%, P = 0.013) of variation is attributable to biological pathways associated with risk of cervical cancer, supporting that pathway analysis can identify part of the hidden heritability. Except for human leukocyte antigen genes and MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA), none of the 82 candidate genes/regions reported in other association studies contributes to the heritability of cervical cancer in our dataset. This study shows that risk of cervical cancer is influenced by many common germline genetic variants of small effects. The findings are important for further study design to identify the hiding heritability that has not yet been revealed. More susceptibility loci are yet to be found in GWASs with higher power.

  • 44.
    Chen, Dan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Enroth, Stefan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Ivansson, Emma
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Pathway analysis of cervical cancer genome-wide association study highlights the MHC region and pathways involved in response to infection2014In: Human Molecular Genetics, ISSN 0964-6906, E-ISSN 1460-2083, Vol. 23, no 22, p. 6047-6060Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cervical cancer is caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified several susceptibility loci for cervical cancer, but they explain only a small fraction of cervical cancer heritability. Other variants with weaker effect may be missed due to the stringent significance threshold. To identify important pathways in cervical carcinogenesis, we performed a two-stage pathway analysis in two independent GWASs in the Swedish population, using the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ratio test. The 565 predefined pathways from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and BioCarta databases were systematically evaluated in the discovery stage (1034 cases and 3948 controls with 632 668 SNPs) and the suggestive pathways were further validated in the replication stage (616 cases and 506 controls with 341 358 SNPs). We found 12 pathways that were significant in both stages, and these were further validated using set-based analysis. For 10 of these pathways, the effect was mainly due to genetic variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. In addition, we identified a set of novel candidate genes outside the MHC region in the pathways denoted ‘Staphylococcus aureus infection’ and ‘herpes simplex infection’ that influenced susceptibility to cervical cancer (empirical P = 4.99 × 10−5 and 4.99 × 10−5 in the discovery study; empirical P = 8.98 × 10−5 and 0.009 in the replication study, respectively). Staphylococcus aureus infection may evoke an inflammatory response that inadvertently enhances malignant progression caused by HPV infection, and Herpes simplex virus-2 infection may act in conjunction with HPV infection to increase the risk of cervical carcinoma development. These findings provide new insights into the etiology of cervical cancer.

  • 45.
    Chen, Dan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Gaborieau, Valerie
    Zhao, Yao
    Chabrier, Amelie
    Wang, Huibo
    Waterboer, Tim
    Zaridze, David
    Lissowska, Jolanta
    Rudnai, Peter
    Fabianova, Eleonora
    Bencko, Vladimir
    Janout, Vladimir
    Foretova, Lenka
    Mates, Ioan Nicolae
    Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila
    Boffetta, Paolo
    Pawlita, Michael
    Lathrop, Mark
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Medicinsk genetik och genomik.
    Brennan, Paul
    McKay, James D.
    A systematic investigation of the contribution of genetic variation within the MHC region to HPV seropositivity2015In: Human Molecular Genetics, ISSN 0964-6906, E-ISSN 1460-2083, Vol. 24, no 9, p. 2681-2688Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    High-risk mucosal types of human papillomavirus (HPV) cause anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers, whereas cutaneous types (e.g. HPV8 and 77) are suspected to be involved in non-melanoma skin cancer. The antibody response to HPVs is a key determinant of protective immunity, but not all infected individuals seroconvert. Genetic variability of the host may have large impact on seroconversion. A previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified a susceptibility locus (rs41270488) for HPV8 seropositivity within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. To further study this locus, we imputed alleles at classical leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci using HLA*IMP:02 with a reference panel from the HapMap Project and the 1958 Birth Cohort, and conducted an integrated analysis among 4811 central European subjects to assess the contribution of classical HLA alleles and gene copy number variation (CNV) at the hypervariable DRB locus within the MHC region to HPV seropositivity at both the individual HPV type level and the phylogenetic species level. Our study provides evidence that the association noted between rs41270488 and HPV8 seropositivity is driven by two independent variants, namely DQB1*0301 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36-1.68, P = 1.0 x 10(-14)] and DRB1*1101 (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.57-2.28, P = 1.5 x 10(-11)) within the HLA class II region. Additionally, we identified two correlated alleles DRB1*0701 (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.41-1.98, P = 2.6 x 10(-9)) and DQA1*0201 (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.38-1.93, P = 1.7 x 10(-8)), to be associated with HPV77 seropositivity. Comparable results were observed through imputation using SNP2HLA with another reference panel from the Type 1 diabetes Genetics Consortium. This study provides support for an important role of HLA class II alleles in antibody response to HPV infection.

  • 46.
    Chen, Dan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    A cis-eQTL of HLA-DRB1 and a frameshift mutation of MICA contribute to the pattern of association of HLA alleles with cervical cancer2014In: Cancer Medicine, E-ISSN 2045-7634, Vol. 3, no 2, p. 445-452Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The association of classic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles with risk of cervical cancer has been extensively studied, and a protective effect has consistently been found for DRB1*1301, DQA1*0103, and/or DQB1*0603 (these three alleles are in perfect linkage disequilibrium [LD] and often occur on the same haplotype in Europeans), while reports have differed widely with respect to the effect of HLA-B*07, DRB1*1501, and/or DQB1*0602 (the last two alleles are also in perfect LD in Europeans). It is not clear whether the reported HLA alleles are responsible for the differences in cervical cancer susceptibility, or if functional variants at other locations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region may explain the effect. In order to assess the relative contribution of both classic HLA alleles and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC region to cervical cancer susceptibility, we have imputed classic HLA alleles in 1034 cervical cancer patients and 3948 controls in a Swedish population for an integrated analysis. We found that the protective haplotype DRB1*1301-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0603 has a direct effect on cervical cancer and always occurs together with the C allele of a HLA-DRB1 cis-eQTL (rs9272143), which increases the expression of HLA-DRB1. The haplotype rs9272143C-DRB1*1301-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0603 conferred the strongest protection against cervical cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-0.52, P = 6.2 × 10(-13)). On the other hand, the associations with HLA-B*0702 and DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 are attributable to the joint effects of both the HLA-DRB1 cis-eQTL (rs9272143) and a frameshift mutation (G inserion of rs67841474, also known as A5.1) of the MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A gene (MICA). Variation in LD between the classic HLA loci, rs9272143 and rs67841474 between populations may explain the different associations of HLA-B*07 and DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 with cervical cancer between studies. The mechanism suggested may also explain similar inconsistent results for other HLA-associated diseases.

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  • 47.
    Chen, Dan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lessons and implications from association studies and post-GWAS analyses of cervical cancer2015In: Trends in Genetics, ISSN 0168-9525, E-ISSN 1362-4555, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 41-54Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cervical cancer has a heritable genetic component. A large number of genetic associations with cervical cancer have been reported in hypothesis-driven candidate gene studies, but many of these results are either inconsistent or have failed to be independently replicated. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified additional susceptibility loci previously not implicated in cervical cancer development, highlighting the power of genome-wide unbiased association analyses. Post-GWAS analyses including pathway-based analysis and functional characterization of associated variants have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. In this review we summarize findings from candidate gene association studies, GWAS, and post-GWAS analyses of cervical cancer. We also discuss gaps in our understanding, possible clinical implications of the findings, and lessons for studies of other complex diseases.

  • 48. Chen, Dan
    et al.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    MICA polymorphism: biology and importance in cancer2014In: Carcinogenesis, ISSN 0143-3334, E-ISSN 1460-2180, Vol. 35, no 12, p. 2633-2642Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A gene (MICA) encodes a membrane-bound protein acting as a ligand to stimulate an activating receptor, NKG2D, expressed on the surface of essentially all human natural killer (NK), γδ T and CD8(+) αβ T cells. MICA protein is absent from most cells but can be induced by infections and oncogenic transformation and is frequently expressed in epithelial tumors. Upon binding to MICA, NKG2D activates cytolytic responses of NK and γδ T cells against infected and tumor cells expressing MICA. Therefore, membrane-bound MICA acts as a signal during the early immune response against infection or spontaneously arising tumors. On the other hand, human tumor cells spontaneously release a soluble form of MICA, causing the downregulation of NKG2D and in turn severe impairment of the antitumor immune response of NK and CD8(+) T cells. This is considered to promote tumor immune evasion and also to compromise host resistance to infections. MICA is the most polymorphic non-classical class I gene. A possible association of MICA polymorphism with genetic predisposition to different cancer types has been investigated in candidate gene-based studies. Two genome-wide association studies have identified loci in MICA that influence susceptibility to cervical neoplasia and hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Given the current level of interest in the field of MICA gene, we discuss the genetics and biology of the MICA gene and the role of its polymorphism in cancer. Gaps in our understanding and future research needs are also discussed.

  • 49.
    Chen, Dan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Genomics.
    Systematic investigation of contribution of genetic variation in the HLA-DP region to cervical cancer susceptibility2014In: Carcinogenesis, ISSN 0143-3334, E-ISSN 1460-2180, Vol. 35, no 8, p. 1765-1769Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Compared with the other human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, few studies have evaluated the role of HLA-DP genes in cervical cancer pathogenesis. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Swedish population has identified a susceptibility locus for cervical cancer within the HLA-DP region. To further study this locus, we imputed classic HLA alleles using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and analysed 449 genotyped and 3066 imputed SNPs in 1034 cervical cancer patients and 3948 controls. We confirmed that the strongest signal came from a SNP located at HLA-DPB2 [rs3117027, odds ratio (OR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16-1.43, P = 1.9 x 10(-6) for A allele] and that this effect is not driven by associations with classic HLA alleles. In silico analysis further revealed that this SNP is highly correlated with rs3129294 (D' = 1, r(2) = 0.95 in controls), which may have a putative regulatory function. We also identified an independent association at DPB1*0402, which conferred decreased risk of cervical cancer (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.63-0.89, P = 7.0 x 10(-4)) and is independent of previously described associations with HLA-B*0702, DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602, and DRB1*1301-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0603. No association was found with the two SNPs (rs4282438 or rs9277952) that were recently identified within the HLA-DP region in a cervical cancer GWAS in the Chinese population. Our study provides the first systematic investigation of the association of genetic variants in the HLA-DP region with cervical cancer susceptibility and provides further insight into the contribution of polymorphisms in the HLA-DP region to risk of cervical cancer.

  • 50.
    Chen, Dan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Hammer, Joanna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lindquist, David
    Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden.
    Idahl, Annika
    Umea Univ, Dept Clin Sci Obstet & Gynecol, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden.
    Gyllensten, Ulf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology. Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    A variant upstream of HLA-DRB1 and multiple variants in MICA influence susceptibility to cervical cancer in a Swedish population2014In: Cancer Medicine, E-ISSN 2045-7634, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 190-198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a genome-wide association study, we have previously identified and performed the initial replication of three novel susceptibility loci for cervical cancer: rs9272143 upstream of HLA-DRB1, rs2516448 adjacent to MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A gene (MICA), and rs3117027 at HLA-DPB2. The risk allele T of rs2516448 is in perfect linkage disequilibrium with a frameshift mutation (A5.1) in MICA exon 5, which results in a truncated protein. To validate these associations in an independent study and extend our prior work to MICA exon 5, we genotyped the single-nucleotide polymorphisms at rs9272143, rs2516448, rs3117027 and the MICA exon 5 microsatellite in a nested case-control study of 961 cervical cancer patients (827 carcinoma in situ and 134 invasive carcinoma) and 1725 controls from northern Sweden. The C allele of rs9272143 conferred protection against cervical cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65-0.82; P = 1.6 × 10(-7)), which is associated with higher expression level of HLA-DRB1, whereas the T allele of rs2516448 increased the susceptibility to cervical cancer (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.19-1.49; P = 5.8 × 10(-7)), with the same association shown with MICA-A5.1. The direction and the magnitude of these associations were consistent with our previous findings. We also identified protective effects of the MICA-A4 (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.68-0.94; P = 6.7 × 10(-3)) and MICA-A5 (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.50-0.72; P = 3.0 × 10(-8)) alleles. The associations with these variants are unlikely to be driven by the nearby human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. No association was observed between rs3117027 and risk of cervical cancer. Our results support the role of HLA-DRB1 and MICA in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.

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