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  • 1. Andersson, G
    et al.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    A critical review of the construct and its application in audiology. 2003In: Int J Audiol, Vol. 42, p. S97-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    DSM-5 and ICD-11 symptom profiles in a diverse sample of trauma victims2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Research suggest different trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms over time (e.g., resilient, recovering, and chronic) among survivors from natural disasters. It is not known, however, if disaster survivors present with distinct symptom profiles and, if so, whether these profiles are related to severity, recovery and exposure characteristics.Methods and Results: This study aims to investigate symptom profiles among Swedish survivors of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami using latent profile analysis. Participants include adult survivors who were pulled into the waves and responded to postal surveys 1 and 3 years after the disaster (n=2009). Posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The symptom profiles generated from the first year survey will be compared with regard to established predictors of posttraumatic stress, such as disaster exposure, bereavement, perceived social support as well as posttraumatic stress and general distress at three years.Discussion: The presentation will shed light on whether there are distinct symptom profiles among disaster survivors. We will discuss the implications for psychosocial care after natural disasters. The results are relevant for victims of natural disasters in general, and increases knowledge about the characteristics of posttraumatic stress and may improve psychosocial services after traumatic events.

  • 3.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Screening for chronic PTSD after disasters: The gap between self-reported posttraumatic stress and PTSD cases in psychiatric services2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Screening disaster survivors for mental health problems after initial recovery may detect unrecognized cases of chronic PTSD. This presentation compares published findings of PTSD prevalence after the 2004 tsunami among exposed Swedish adult survivors.

    Method: Register data were collected for psychiatric diagnoses made in specialized healthcare for 8762 Swedish adults with various levels of disaster exposure. Posttraumatic stress (PTS) was assessed and exposure established for 2268 individuals who filled out the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) in surveys at 1, 3, and 6 years post-disaster. A subset of directly exposed participants (n=142) were assessed for current and post-disaster PTSD with SCID interviews.

    Results: In the survey sample, 5% of participants reported very high and 11% reported high levels of PTS across all surveys. The post-disaster prevalence of PTSD was 11.3% in the interview sample. In healthcare services, the 5-year incidence was 0.5% for PTSD and 2.1% for any stress-related disorder. Findings suggested that the IES-R possessed good screening properties, e.g., sensitivity ≥ 0.92.

    Discussion: These studies indicate large differences between the PTS load among survivors and the number of PTSD cases in healthcare services, making a case for individual symptom screening. Yet, screening for chronic PTSD with current methods will yield a substantial numbers of incorrectly classified survivors (640 false positives in this sample), providing challenges to psychosocial follow-up services.

    Part of symposium: Screening for mental health after trauma in children and adults: importance, instruments, & innovations

  • 4.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Symptom profiles of posttraumatic stress among Swedish survivors of a natural disaster and their prospective value to long-term distress2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Research suggest different trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms over time (e.g., resilient, recovering, and chronic) among survivors from natural disasters. It is not known, however, if disaster survivors present with distinct symptom profiles and, if so, whether these profiles are related to severity, recovery and exposure characteristics.Methods and Results: This study aims to investigate symptom profiles among Swedish survivors of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami using latent profile analysis. Participants include adult survivors who were pulled into the waves and responded to postal surveys 1 and 3 years after the disaster (n=2009). Posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The symptom profiles generated from the first year survey will be compared with regard to established predictors of posttraumatic stress, such as disaster exposure, bereavement, perceived social support as well as posttraumatic stress and general distress at three years.Discussion: The presentation will shed light on whether there are distinct symptom profiles among disaster survivors. We will discuss the implications for psychosocial care after natural disasters. The results are relevant for victims of natural disasters in general, and increases knowledge about the characteristics of posttraumatic stress and may improve psychosocial services after traumatic events.

  • 5.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Hyland, Philip
    Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
    Roberts, Neil P.
    Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, United Kingdom; UK School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
    Bisson, Jonathan I.
    UK School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Validation of a clinician-administered diagnostic measure of ICD-11 PTSD and Complex PTSD: the International Trauma Interview in a Swedish sample2019In: European Journal of Psychotraumatology, ISSN 2000-8198, E-ISSN 2000-8066, Vol. 10, no 1, article id 1665617Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The recently published ICD-11 includes substantial changes to the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and introduces the diagnosis of Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The International Trauma Interview (ITI) has been developed for clinicians to assess these new diagnoses but has not yet been evaluated.

    Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of the ITI by examining the interrater agreement, latent structure, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity.

    Methods: In a prospective study, 186 adults who had experienced a potentially traumatic event were assessed with the ITI and answered questionnaires for symptoms of posttraumatic stress, other psychiatric disorders, functional disability, and quality of life (QoL).

    Results: The diagnostic rate was 16% for PTSD and 6% for CPTSD. Interrater agreement was satisfactory (α = .76), and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor second-20 order model consistent with the ICD-11 model of CPTSD provided acceptable fit to the data. Composite reliability analysis demonstrated that the ITI possessed acceptable internal reliability, and associations with measures of other psychiatric disorders, insomnia, functional disability, and QoL supported the concurrent validity of the ITI.

    Conclusion: Swedish ITI shows promise as a clinician-administered instrument to assess and diagnose ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD.

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  • 6.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Roberts, Neil
    Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
    Bisson, Jonathan
    Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
    Hyland, Philip
    Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Ireland.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Reliability and validity of the Swedish international trauma interview for posttraumatic stress disorders in the ICD-112019In: European Journal of Psychotraumatology: Trauma in Transition: Building Bridges, 2019, Vol. 10, article id 1613836Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 7.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Sveen, Josefin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Psychometric Properties of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in parents to children with burns.2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common problem among parents of children with burns. However, there is a paucity of evaluated screening tools for this population. The aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL), which is recently revised in accordance to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed.  

    Methods The participating parents (N= 62, mean age= 38) completed self-report questionnaires 0.8-5.6 years after their child’s burn. Measures were the PCL-5 (consisting of four subscales; Intrusion, Avoidance, Negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and Arousal and reactivity), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (with three subscales; Intrusion, Avoidance and Hyperarousal) and the Perceived Stress Scale. The children had a TBSA burned ranging from 1 to 31 % and were 0.1-15.0 years of age at injury.

    Results The average PCL-5 scores were low to moderate and indicated that no parent was above the recommended preliminary cut off of 38 for PTSD. Cronbach’s alpha values were acceptable and varied between 0.56 and 0.77 for the four PCL-5 subscales and mean inter-item correlations ranged from 0.22 to 0.73. The PCL-5 subscales were positively correlated with the corresponding IES-R subscales as well as the total PSS score (p<.05). There were no associations between the PCL-5 and  burn severity (TBSA, TBSA-FT, and LOS), time since injury, child age or gender, or parent gender. 

    Conclusion In conclusion, the PCL-5 had high internal consistency and evaluation of concurrent validity suggested moderate associations with other measures of traumatic stress and perceived stress as expected. The moderate associations with other measures of stress is to be expected, taking into account the slightly different constructs targeted by the three measures in this study. This first study suggests that the PCL-5 is a psychometrically sound instrument that deserves further evaluation as a screening tool for parents of children with burns.

  • 8.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    A Prospective Study of ICD-11 and DSM-5 PTSD, Functional Disability and Quality of Life2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: It is unclear if there are differences between the ICD-11 and DSM-5 diagnoses for PTSD related to type of potential traumatic event (PTE) and patient-reported outcomes.Method: In an ongoing prospective study, 250 participants were assessed with structured clinical interviews for ICD-11 and DSM-5 PTSD, functional disability (FD) and quality of life (QoL) at the first assessment point (T1). Participants were followed up after six months (T2) with self-rated symptom levels, functional disability (FD), and quality of life (QoL).

    Results: Interim results (N=184) from T1 indicate that 68% did not fulfil criteria for any PTSD diagnosis. Of those with PTSD, 58% fulfilled criteria for both systems, 13% for ICD-11 only and 31% for DSM-5 only. Fulfilling criteria for both disorders was associated with higher FD and lower QoL at T1. Loss was more common among those fulfilling criteria for DSM-5 only.Conclusions: The concordance between the systems were low, and there were differences regarding event type and outcome. This presentation will discuss these results and present outcomes assessed at T2.Relevance: Knowledge about the differences between the ICD-11 and DSM-5 PTSD specifications are necessary to better understand how these differences influence prevalence rates, diagnostic status, as well as to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each system.

  • 9.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    An Evaluation of the ICD-11 Trauma Interview Schedule Compared to the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale and WHODAS 2.02016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) proposes two related diagnoses for posttraumatic symptomatology: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (C-PTSD). The ICD- 11 task force has developed a structured clinical interview, the ICD-11 Trauma Interview Schedule, to assess the presence of the disorders.

    The ICD-11 proposal differ from the DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis and the divergence between the two may have important consequences for diagnostic assessments. In an ongoing study, 100 participants who have experienced a potentially traumatic event during the past 5 years are recruited via adverts in local media, primary care facilities and outpatient psychiatric care facilities. Participants are interviewed using the ICD-11 Trauma Interview Schedule, the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale (CAPS-5) and the WHODAS 2.0. The aim of this presentation is to evaluate the user experience of the ICD-11 trauma interview schedule. Furthermore, the DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria will be compared regarding rates of PTSD, symptom profiles, functional disability, demographics, and type of trauma. Relevance: Increasing the knowledge about the differences between the DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnosis of PTSD regarding disease rate and predictive ability will facilitate the transition from ICD-10 to ICD-11 for clinicians and researchers.

  • 10.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Psychometric properties of the Swedish PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5).2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent changes in the criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder call for new evaluations of tools to assess posttraumatic symptomatology. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish PTSD Checklist (PCL-5)1, which was recently revised in accordance to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed2. This poster will present data from an ongoing study with approximately 150 participants who were assessed with rating scales of posttraumatic stress and clinical interviews (CAPS-55 and MINI 6.04). The focus will be on the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 and its relationship to the CAPS-5, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised3, and the MINI. Preliminary results will detail screening and psychometric properties of the PCL-5, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity as well as sensitivity and specificity for PTSD according to CAPS-5. Relevance: Information about the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 is timely and relevant for clinicians. Performance assessments in different countries also provide a basis for future evaluations of cultural invariance of a measure. PTSD poses an on-going and increasing burden on society and documented methods of detection is key to identify individuals in need of further services.

  • 11.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Psychometric Properties of the Swedish Version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Sensitivity, Specificity, Diagnostic Accuracy and Structural Validity in a Mixed Trauma Sample2020In: Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Similarity in symptom patterns of posttraumatic stress among disaster-survivors: a three-step latent profile analysis2018In: European Journal of Psychotraumatology, ISSN 2000-8198, E-ISSN 2000-8066, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 1546083Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Individuals express symptoms of posttraumatic stress in various ways, noted for example in the many symptom combinations in the diagnostic manuals. Studies aiming to examine differences of symptom presentations by extracting latent classes or profiles indicate both the presence of subtypes with differing symptomatology and subtypes distinguished by severity levels. Few studies have examined subtype associations with long-term outcomes. Objective: The current study aimed to apply latent profile analysis on posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a highly homogenous sample of Swedish tourists exposed to the 2004 Southeast Asia tsunami and to examine if classes differed in their long-term outcome. Methods: An latent profile analysis was conducted using self-report data collected one year after the disaster from 1638 highly exposed survivors that endorsed 1 symptom of PTS. Associations were examined between the classes and predictors of PTS (loss of a relative or friend, subjective life threat) and levels of PTS at a three-year follow up. Results: The latent profile analysis indicated four classes: minimal, low, moderate, and severe symptoms. The classes were distinguished mainly by their levels of PTS. Loss of a relative or friend and subjective life threat were associated with a higher likelihood of belonging to any other class than the minimal class. The severity level of the classes at one year were predictive of PTS severity at the three-year follow-up. Conclusions: Homogeneous profiles of posttraumatic stress differing mainly in symptom severity were found in this sample of disaster survivors. Profile diversity may be related to sample variation and unmeasured confounders rather than reflect qualitatively different disorders.

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  • 13.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Arnberg, Filip
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry.
    Symptom patterns of DSM-5 PTSD and ICD-11 DSO criteria, and their associations with functional disability, quality of life and long-term outcome.Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Bäckström, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Prediction of psychological symptoms in family members of patients with burns 1 year after injury2013In: Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, E-ISSN 1365-2648, Vol. 69, no 2, p. 384-393Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim

    To report a study of predictors of psychological symptoms in family members of patients with burns.

    Background

    Family members are important as a source of social support for patients undergoing prolonged rehabilitation. Little is known about psychological symptoms of family members of patients with burns, especially in the long term.

    Design

    The design of the study was prospective and longitudinal.

    Methods

    Forty-four family members of adult patients treated in a burn centre between 2000-2007 completed questionnaires during care and at 3, 6, and 12 months after injury. Psychological symptoms were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Predictors for anxiety and depression were explored in regression analyses.

    Results

    The mean scores indicated normal to mild symptoms in general. Moderate and severe symptom levels during care and at 12 months were demonstrated on the anxiety subscale by 15/44 and 5/39, respectively, and on the depression subscale by 5/44 and 0/39 of the family members, respectively. In the final regression models, the primary predictor was psychological symptoms at the previous assessment. Other predictors were previous life events, age, and the coping strategy avoidance.

    Conclusion

    Family members of patients with burns demonstrate normal to mild levels of psychological symptoms that decrease over time. One-third show moderate to severe anxiety symptoms during care and may benefit from counselling. Previous symptoms predict later symptoms, indicating that screening with a validated instrument is useful. The results provide guidance for nurses in assessing and planning adequate interventions for family members.

  • 15.
    Bäckström, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden The Burn Center, Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
    Haglund, Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Sciences.
    Being a family member of a burn survivor –: Experiences and needs2018In: Burns Open, ISSN 2468-9122, Vol. 2, no 4, p. 193-198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Family members are important in the recovery process of persons with severe burns; however, few previous studies have focused on how this group experiences care and rehabilitation.

    Objective

    To explore family members’ experiences and needs, during the time in hospital and after discharge.

    Methodology

    Explorative study with a qualitative descriptive design. Ten semi-structured interviews with family members of injured persons treated at the national burn centres were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using content analysis.

    Findings

    Five categories were related to experiences during care: Experiencing excellent treatment and support, Experiencing mistrust and a rejecting attitude, Feelings of chaos and shock, Being the hub of the family network, Feeling hope and thankfulness. Three categories were related to experiences during rehabilitation: Ambiguous feelings, Multifaceted support and Handling the situation.

    Conclusion

    The experiences of the time in hospital and during rehabilitation are individual and comprise a mixture of positive and negative experiences and a diversity of needs. The results suggest that healthcare professionals should be proactive and identify specific needs for support as well as provide individualized treatment of family members.

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  • 16.
    Bäckström, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Caring Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Nursing, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Öster, Caisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Identifying the Needs of Family Members in Burn Care: Nurses' Different Approaches2019In: Journal of Burn Care & Research, ISSN 1559-047X, E-ISSN 1559-0488, Vol. 40, no 3, p. 336-340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to explore how nurses in burn care identify family members' needs of support and what support the nurses offer. Family members are an important source of short- and long-term support for burn survivors. Being a family member in burn specific as well as general care can be challenging in several ways. Nurses are recognized as well as positioned in the team for assessing and providing such support; however, little is known about how this is done. This is an explorative study with a qualitative descriptive design. Fourteen semistructured interviews with registered nurses working in national burn centers were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Systematic text condensation. The analysis resulted in four themes reflecting different approaches to assess the needs of family members: Active, Emotional, Passive, and Rejective Approach. Nurses in this study demonstrated different approaches to assessing needs in family members; it is possible that these differences may affect what support family members receive. Therefore, the importance of theoretical education, professional views, and local ward culture should be highlighted in ongoing work in improving care within burn care as well as similar health care contexts.

  • 17.
    Bäckström, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Öster, Caisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Health-related quality of life in family members of patients with burns2014In: Journal of Burn Care & Research, ISSN 1559-047X, E-ISSN 1559-0488, Vol. 35, no 3, p. 243-250Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A severe burn not only affects the patients, but may also have a great impact on the lives of family members. It is known that family members of patients with burns experience psychological distress, but health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has not been studied in this group. The aim was to study predictors of HRQoL in family members of patients with burns. Forty-four family members of adult patients treated in a burn center, between 2000 and 2007, completed questionnaires during care, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after injury. HRQoL was assessed with the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D), which consists of the dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, and anxiety/depression. The questionnaire generates an EQ-5D index and a visual analog scale (VAS) score. Overall, the EQ-5D index was similar to that of the general population. A slight improvement in HRQoL was found in the VAS scores and in the anxiety/depression dimension over time. In regression models, HRQoL was primarily predicted by earlier life events, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, and HRQoL, assessed during the patients’ hospitalization. In summary, HRQoL assessed with VAS scores increased slightly during the first year postburn, and early screening for life events and psychological symptoms, and HRQoL might be useful in identifying family members in need of support.

  • 18.
    Carlbring, Per
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Forslin, Per
    Ljungstrand, Peter
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Strandlund, Carola
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Is the Internet-administered CIDI-SF Equivalent to a Clinician-administered SCID Interview?2002In: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Vol. 31, no 4, p. 183-189Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Castro, Rita Amiel
    et al.
    Univ Zurich, Inst Psychol, Dept Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, Binzmuhlestr 14-26, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Kunovac Kallak, Theodora
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive Health.
    Sundström Poromaa, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive Health.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Lager, Susanne
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Research.
    Ehlert, Ulrike
    Univ Zurich, Inst Psychol, Dept Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, Binzmuhlestr 14-26, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Skalkidou, Alkistis
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Research.
    Pregnancy-related hormones and COMT genotype: Associations with maternal working memory2021In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, ISSN 0306-4530, E-ISSN 1873-3360, Vol. 132, article id 105361Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Women experience different degrees of subjective cognitive changes during pregnancy. The exact mechanism underlying these changes is unknown, although endocrine alterations and genetics may be contributing factors. We investigated whether multiple pregnancy-related hormones were associated with working memory function assessed with the Digit Span Test (DST) in late pregnancy. Moreover, we examined whether the catechol-Omethyltransferase (COMT) genotype, previously related to working memory, was an effect modifier in this association. In this population-based panel study, we recorded psychiatric history, medication use, socio-demographic characteristics, and psychological well-being, gathered blood and saliva samples, and administered the DST at gestational weeks 35-39 (N = 216). We conducted multivariate linear regressions with DST as outcome, with different hormones and COMT genotype, adjusting for covariates including maternal age, BMI, education, depressive symptoms, and parity. We repeated these analyses excluding women with elevated depressive symptoms. Higher DST total scores were associated with increased free estradiol concentrations (B = 0.01, p = 0.03; B = 0.01, p = 0.02) in all participants and in participants without depressive symptoms, respectively, whereas DST forward was positively associated with free estradiol only in women without depressive symptoms (B = 0.01, p = 0.04). Lower total testosterone concentrations (B = -0.03, p = 0.01) enhanced DST backward performance in non-depressed women. Maternal higher education was significantly associated with the DST subscales in all participants. No significant differences emerged when considering the COMT genotype. Our results suggest differential associations of free estradiol and total testosterone levels with working memory function in late pregnancy.

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  • 20.
    Cunningham, Janet L.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Zanzi, Manuel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Ramklint, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    No regrets: Young adult patients in psychiatry report positive reactions to biobank participation2017In: BMC Psychiatry, E-ISSN 1471-244X, Vol. 17, article id 21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Research in vulnerable individuals must insure voluntariness and minimize negative reactions caused by participation. This study aimed to describe consent and completion rate in young psychiatric patients in relation to study components, degree of disability and to compare response to research participation in patients and controls.

    METHODS: Between 2012 and 2015, 463 patients with psychiatric disorders between the ages of 18-25 from the Dept. of General Psychiatry at Uppsala University Hospital and 105 controls were recruited to donate data and samples to a biobank. Consent and completion in relation to questionnaires, biological sampling of blood, saliva or feces, were monitored. Both groups were also asked about their perceived disability and how research participation affected them.

    RESULTS: Most patients who participated consented to and completed questionnaires and blood sampling. The majority also consented to saliva sampling, while less than half consented to collect feces. Of those who gave consent to saliva and feces only half completed the sampling. Both patients and controls reported high voluntariness and were positive to research participation. Within the patient group, those with greater perceived disability reported greater distress while participating in research, but there was no difference in consent or completion rates or level of regret.

    CONCLUSIONS: With the described information procedures, psychiatric patients, regardless of perceived disability, reported high voluntariness and did not regret participation in biobanking. Compared to questionnaires and blood sampling, given consent was reduced for feces and completion was lower for both saliva and feces sampling.

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  • 21.
    Dyster-Aas, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Kildal, Morten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Return to work and health-related quality of life after burn injury2007In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 39, no 1, p. 49-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Although severe burn injury is associated with long-term rehabilitation and disability, research on returning to work in burn patients is limited. The aims of this study were: (i) to explore injury- and personality-related predictors of returning to work, and (ii) to compare health-related quality of life and health outcome in working versus non-working individuals.Design: Cross-sectional study.Subjects: Forty-eight former patients with pre-burn employment were evaluated on average 3.8 years after the burn.Methods: Data were collected from medical records and by a questionnaire in which the patients were asked about their main activity status described in the terms: work, studies, pension, disability pension, sick leave or unemployment. It also contained the Swedish universities Scales of Personality, SF-36, Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief, items assessing fear-avoidance, Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results: Thirty-one percent had not returned to work. In logistic regression, returning to work was associated with time since injury, the extent of full-thickness injuries, and the personality trait embitterment. Those who did not work had lower health-related quality of life, poorer burn-specific health, more fear-avoidance and more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, but they did not differ from those who were working regarding general mood.Conclusion: Returning to work was explained by both injury severity and personality characteristics. Those who did not work were characterized by low health-related quality of life and poorer trauma-related physical and psychological health.

  • 22.
    Dyster-Aas, Johan
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Wikehult, Björn
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following severe burn injury in relation to lifetime psychiatric morbidity2008In: Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care, ISSN 0022-5282, Vol. 64, no 5, p. 1349-1356Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Psychiatric history has been suggested to have an impact on long-term adjustment in burn survivors. A rigorous, prospective, longitudinal approach was used to study psychiatric history in a population-based burn sample and its impact on symptomatology of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at a 12-month follow-up. METHODS: Seventy-three consecutive patients admitted to the Uppsala Burn Unit were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition for psychiatric disorders, of whom 64 were also assessed after 12 months. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients (66%) presented with at least one lifetime psychiatric diagnosis; major depression (41%), alcohol abuse or dependence (32%), simple phobia (16%), and panic disorder (16%) were most prevalent. At 12-months postburn, 10 patients (16%) met criteria for major depression, 6 (9%) for PTSD, and 11 (17%) for subsyndromal PTSD. Patients with lifetime anxiety disorder and with lifetime psychiatric comorbidity were more likely to be depressed at 12 months, whereas those with lifetime affective disorder, substance use disorder and psychiatric comorbidity were more likely to have symptoms of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: Two-thirds of burn survivors exhibit a history of lifetime psychiatric disorders. Those with a psychiatric history have a higher risk of postburn psychiatric problems.

  • 23.
    Edvinsson, Åsa
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive Health.
    Skalkidou, Alkistis
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Research.
    Hellgren, Charlotte
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive Health.
    Gingnell, Malin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital. Uppsala Univ, Dept Neurosci, Psychiat, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Sundström Poromaa, Inger
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Research group (Dept. of women´s and children´s health), Reproductive Health.
    Different patterns of attentional bias in antenatal and postpartum depression2017In: Brain and Behavior, ISSN 2162-3279, E-ISSN 2162-3279, Vol. 7, no 11, article id e00844Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BackgroundBiased information processing in attention, memory, and interpretation is proposed to be central cognitive alterations in patients with major depressive disorder, but studies in women with peripartum depression are scarce. Because of the many similarities with depression in nonperipartum states as regards symptom profile and risk factors, we hypothesized that women with antenatal and postpartum depression would display attentional bias to negatively and positively valenced words. MethodsOne hundred and seventy-seven pregnant and 157 postpartum women were included. Among these, 40 suffered from antenatal depressive disorder and 33 from postpartum depressive disorder. An emotional Stroop task with neutral, positive, negative, and negatively valenced obstetric words was used. ResultsNo significant difference in emotional interference scores was noted between women with antenatal depression and nondepressed pregnant women. In contrast, women with postpartum depression displayed shorter reaction times to both positive (p=.028) and negative (p=.022) stimuli, compared with neutral words. Pregnant women on antidepressant treatment displayed longer reaction times to negatively valenced obstetric words in comparison with untreated depressed women (p=.012), and a trend toward greater interference in comparison with controls (p=.061). ConclusionsIn contrast with the hypothesis, we found no evidence of attentional bias to emotionally valenced stimuli in women with untreated peripartum depression. However, the shorter reaction times to emotional stimuli in women with postpartum depression may indicate emotional numbing, which in turn, is a functional impairment that may have repercussions for child development and well-being. Our findings emphasize the need to identify and treat women with postpartum depression at the earliest possible time point to ensure swift recovery and support for the family.

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  • 24.
    Gauffin, Emelie
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Cervenka: Psychiatry.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Cervenka: Psychiatry.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Cervenka: Psychiatry.
    Öster, Caisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Cervenka: Psychiatry.
    Stability in personality after physical trauma2021In: Journal of Burn Care & Research, ISSN 1559-047X, E-ISSN 1559-0488, Vol. 42, no 3, p. 415-419Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Personality trait stability may be influenced by several factors, there among different life events such as psychological trauma. However, little is known regarding trait stability after physical trauma. Therefore, our primary aim was to assess the extent of stability in personality in burn patients during the first year after injury. Eighty-four burn patients, admitted to a national burn center, were assessed with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality during acute care and 12 months postburn. Personality domain scores remained stable between acute care and 12 months postburn. On the trait level, the only change was seen in personality trait Stress Susceptibility, where burn patients’ scores were lower compared with norm scores during acute care but then increased, and normalized, at 12 months postburn. To conclude, personality scores remained relatively stable during the first year after burn trauma.

  • 25.
    Hörberg, Niklas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Kouros, Ioannis
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Cunningham, Janet
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Ramklint, Mia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report Short Form (ETISR-SF): validation of the Swedish translation in clinical and non-clinical samples.2019In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, ISSN 0803-9488, E-ISSN 1502-4725, Vol. 73, no 2, p. 81-89Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Childhood trauma in an important public health concern, and there is a need for brief and easily administered assessment tools. The Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) is one such instrument. The aim of this paper is to test the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of the short, self-rated version (ETISR-SF), and to further validate the instrument.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 243 psychiatric patients from an open care unit in Sweden and 56 controls were recruited. Participants were interviewed and thereafter completed the ETISR-SF. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed and goodness-of-fit was determined. Intra Class Correlation (ICC) was used to calculate test-retest reliability. Discriminant validity between groups was gauged using the Mann-Whitney U-test.

    RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha varied between 0.55 and 0.76, with higher values in clinical samples than in controls. Of the four domains, general trauma showed a lower alpha than the other domains. The CFA confirmed the four-factor model previously seen and showed good to acceptable fit. The ICC value was 0.93, indicating good test-retest reliability. According to the Mann-Whitney U-test, the non-clinical sample differed significantly from the clinical sample, as did those with PTSD or borderline diagnosis from those without these diagnoses.

    CONCLUSIONS: The Swedish translation of the ETISR-SF was found to have similar psychometric properties as both the original version and translations. ETISR-SF scores could also distinguish between different diagnostic groups associated with various degrees of trauma, which supports its discriminant validity.

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  • 26.
    Kildal, Morten
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Personality characteristics and perceived health problems after burn injuryIn: Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Low, Aili J. F.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Dyster-Aas, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Psychiatric morbidity predicts perceived burn-specific health 1 year after a burn2012In: General Hospital Psychiatry, ISSN 0163-8343, E-ISSN 1873-7714, Vol. 34, no 2, p. 146-152Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective:

    Individual factors such as gender, age, coping and personality traits and injury-related factors such as injury severity have been implicated as risk factors for poor perceived health after burns. As psychiatric morbidity is common in individuals who sustain burns, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of preinjury psychiatric problems on perceived health after injury.

    Method:

    A total of 85 consecutive patients treated at a national burn center were prospectively assessed: the patients were interviewed during acute care with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. One year after injury, perceived health was assessed with the Bum-Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B). Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictive effect of preinjury psychiatric history on perceived postinjury health.

    Results:

    Psychiatric morbidity, especially mood disorders, affected outcome for six of the nine BSHS-B subscales, with the covariates mainly being the length of hospital stay and total burn size.

    Conclusion:

    The results show that a history of preinjury psychiatric disorders, especially during the year before the burn, affects perceived outcome regarding both physical and psychological aspects of health 1 year after injury and that it is a risk factor for worse perceived outcome.

  • 28.
    Low, Aili Janina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Dyster-Aas, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Kildal, Morten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    The presence of nightmares as a screening tool for symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in burn survivors2006In: Journal of Burn Care and Research, ISSN 1559-047X, Vol. 27, no 5, p. 727-733Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recurrent nightmares can be a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study evaluated the method of asking burn survivors about nightmares as a screening tool for the presence of PTSD symptomatology. The presence of nightmares in 85 individuals treated at the Burn Center in Uppsala, Sweden, between 1996 and 2000 (23 women, 62 men, average age 47 years, average burn size 17% TBSA, average time after burn 3.6 years) was evaluated by one question from the Burn Specific Health Scale (BSHS) and by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria for nightmares. PTSD symptomatology was assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Sensitivity, Specificity, Discriminant Ability, and Likelihood Ratios for a positive and a negative result were calculated to evaluate the screening questions. As many as 46% of the burn survivors reported nightmares of some frequency in the BSHS and as many as 28% when using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria. Both approaches were useful tools for detecting or ruling out PTSD symptoms. The best Discriminant Ability was achieved with a screening test using the BSHS item "I have nightmares." Screening questions for presence of nightmares after burns can be useful in detecting PTSD symptomatology.

  • 29.
    Low, Aili
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Meyer, Walter J
    University of Texas Medical School of Biomedical Science at Galveston, Texas, USA.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Thomas, Christofer R
    The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA.
    Psychiatric Disorders Associated with Burn Injury2012In: Total Burn Care, Elsevier, 2012, 4th ed, p. 733-741Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Löfving-Gupta, Sandra
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
    Koposov, Roman
    UiT, Reg Ctr Child & Youth Mental Hlth & Child Welf, Tromso, Norway.
    Blatny, Marek
    Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Psychol, Brno, Czech Republic.
    Hrdlicka, Michal
    Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 2, Univ Hosp Motol, Dept Child Psychiat, Prague, Czech Republic.
    Schwab-Stone, Mary
    Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
    Ruchkin, Vladislav
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Study, New Haven, CT 06520 USA;Sater Forens Psychiat Clin, S-78327 Sater, Sweden.
    Community violence exposure and substance use: cross-cultural and gender perspectives2018In: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, ISSN 1018-8827, E-ISSN 1435-165X, Vol. 27, no 4, p. 493-500Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The negative effects of community violence exposure on child and adolescent mental health are well documented and exposure to community violence has been linked both to a number of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Our aim was, therefore, to investigate cross-cultural and gender differences in the relationship between community violence exposure and substance abuse. A self-report survey was conducted among 10,575, 12-18 year old adolescents in three different countries, Czech Republic (N = 4537), Russia (N = 2377) and US (N = 3661). We found that in all three countries both substance use and problem behavior associated with it increased similarly along with severity of violence exposure and this association was not gender-specific. It was concluded that in spite of the differences in the levels of violence exposure and substance use cross-culturally and by gender, the pattern of their association is neither culturally nor gender bound.

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  • 31.
    Nehlin, Christina
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Div Psychiat, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Div Psychiat, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Wollert Brander, Charlotte
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Div Psychiat, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Öster, Caisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry. Uppsala Univ Hosp, Div Psychiat, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Overcoming Heroin Addiction without the Use of Pharmaceuticals: A Qualitative Interview Study2020In: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, ISSN 0279-1072, E-ISSN 2159-9777, Vol. 52, no 3, p. 211-217Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although opioid maintenance treatment lowers mortality and has proven efficacy in reducing opioid use, it is not an option for every person with an opioid addiction. Studies of the experiences of those who have overcome their addiction without pharmaceuticals are rare, but vital to understanding the quitting process and how it can be facilitated. This study investigated what persons with a previous heroin addiction perceived as helpful when overcoming their addiction without the use of pharmaceuticals, and what they consider important for health services to consider. Eleven adults with former heroin addiction participated. Most described the leaving process as prolonged and including many attempts. Experiences such as being worn out and numb, life-threatening overdoses, personal losses or a growing feeling of missing important stages in life fueled the decision process. Envisioning a future without drugs was described as an important component. To maintain the decision to refrain from heroin use the possibility to gain a new social context was crucial. Results imply that health care professionals should be proactive by seizing the moment of opportunity for change (e.g., after an overdose), and should be empathetic and never give up on a person. Those concerned with care, welfare and other support or control systems in society must cooperate to offer more personalized support.

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  • 32.
    Nilsson, Andreas
    et al.
    Linkoping Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Hlth Sci, Linkoping, Sweden;Reg Ostergotland, Dept Anesthesia & Intens Care, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Orwelius, Lotti
    Reg Ostergotland, Dept Anesthesia & Intens Care, Linkoping, Sweden;Linkoping Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Sveen, Josefin
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, National Center for Disaster Psychiatry. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Ekselius: Psychiatry.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Sjoberg, Folke
    Reg Ostergotland, Dept Anesthesia & Intens Care, Linkoping, Sweden;Linkoping Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Linkoping, Sweden;Burn Ctr Linkoping, Dept Hand, Linkoping, Sweden;Burn Ctr Linkoping, Dept Plast Surg, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Anxiety and depression after burn, not as bad as we think-A nationwide study2019In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, E-ISSN 1879-1409, Vol. 45, no 6, p. 1367-1374Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: A history of psychiatric disorders is more common among patients who have had burns than in the general population. To try and find out the scale of the problem we have assessed self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression after a burn. Methods: Consecutive patients with burns measuring more than 10% total body surface area or duration of stay in hospital of seven days or more were included. Personal and clinical details about the patients were extracted from the database at each center. Data were collected from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, as well as Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL; Short Form-36, SF-36) and questionnaires about socioeconomic factors. All results were obtained 12 and 24 months after the burn, and compared with those from a reference group. Results: A total of 156 patients responded to the questionnaires. Mean (SD) age and TBSA (%) were 46 (16.4) years and 23.6 (19.2) %, respectively. There were no differences in incidence between the burn and reference groups in anxiety or depression either 12 or 24 months after the burn. Those who reported higher anxiety and depression scores also had consistently poorer HRQoL as assessed by the SF-36. Conclusion: Seen as a group, people who have had burns report anxiety and depression the same range as a reference group. Some patients, however, express more anxiety and depression, and concomitantly poorer HRQoL. These patients should be identified, and offered additional support. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

  • 33. Orwelius, L.
    et al.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Fredrikson, M.
    Sjoberg, F.
    Long term health-related quality of life after burns is strongly dependent on pre-existing disease and psychosocial issues and less due to the burn itself2013In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, E-ISSN 1879-1409, Vol. 39, no 2, p. 229-235Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is reduced after a burn, and is affected by coexisting conditions. The aims of the investigation were to examine and describe effects of coexisting disease on HRQoL, and to quantify the proportion of burned people whose HRQoL was below that of a reference group matched for age, gender, and coexisting conditions. Method: A nationwide study covering 9 years and examined HRQoL 12 and 24 months after the burn with the SF-36 questionnaire. The reference group was from the referral area of one of the hospitals. Results: The HRQoL of the burned patients was below that of the reference group mainly in the. mental dimensions, and only single patients were affected in the physical dimensions. The factor that significantly affected most HRQoL dimensions (n = 6) after the burn was unemployment, whereas only smaller effects could be attributed directly to the burn. Conclusion: Poor HRQoL was recorded for only a small number of patients, and the decline were mostly in the mental dimensions when compared with a group adjusted for age, gender, and coexisting conditions. Factors other than the burn itself, such as mainly unemployment and pre-existing disease, were most important for the long term HRQoL experience in these patients.

  • 34.
    Sgroi, Maria Ingelsson
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience. psykatri UAS.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience. psykiatri UAS.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience. psykiatri UAs.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences. plastikkirurgi.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Fear-avoidance in recovered burn patients: association with psychological and somatic symptoms.2005In: Journal of Health Psychology, ISSN 1359-1053, E-ISSN 1461-7277, Vol. 10, no 4, p. 491-502Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Sveen, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Linkoping Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Learning, Linkoping, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Buhrman, Bo
    Linkoping Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Learning, Linkoping, Sweden..
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Linkoping Univ, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Linkoping, Sweden..
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Internet-based information and support program for parents of children with burns: A randomized controlled trial2017In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, E-ISSN 1879-1409, Vol. 43, no 3, p. 583-591Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of an intemet-based information and self-help program with therapist contact for parents of children and adolescents with burns. The program aimed to reduce parents' symptoms of general and posttraumatic stress.

    Methods: Participants were parents of children treated for burns between 2009-2013 at either of the two specialized Swedish Burn centers. Sixty-two parents were included in a two-armed, randomized controlled trial with a six-week intervention group and a wait list control group, including a pre and post-assessment, as well as a 3 and 12-month follow-up. The intervention contained psychoeducation, exercises and homework assignments, and the intervention group received weekly written feedback from a therapist. The main outcome was stress (post-traumatic stress, general stress and parental stress).

    Results: The program had a beneficial effect on posttraumatic stress in the short term, but did not affect general stress or parental stress. The parents rated the program as being informative and meaningful, but some of them thought it was time-consuming.

    Conclusion: The program has the potential to support parents of children with burns. The intervention is easily accessible, cost-effective and could be implemented in bum care rehabilitation.

  • 36.
    Sveen, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, Linköpings universitet.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Linköpings universitet.
    Buhrman, Bo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Internet-based information and self-help program for parents of children with burns: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial2015In: Internet Interventions, ISSN 2214-7829, Vol. 2, no 4, p. 367-371Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    A burn is one of the most traumatic and painful injuries a child can experience and it is also a very stressful experience for the parents. Given the great psychological distress and perceived lack of multi-professional support experienced by the parents, there is a need for support during in-hospital treatment as well as during recovery. The aim of the study is to develop and evaluate an internet-based information and self-help program for parents of children who have been hospitalized for burn injury. The program aims to decrease parents' symptoms of stress.

    Methods

    Participants will consist of parents of children treated for burns between 2009 and 2013 at either of the two specialized Swedish Burn centers. The study is a two-armed randomized controlled trial with a six-week intervention group and an inactive control group, with a pre- and post-assessment, as well as a 3- and 12-month follow-up. The main outcome is stress (post-traumatic stress, general perceived stress and parental stress). The data will be analyzed with the intention-to-treat principle. The intervention is based on Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) and is inspired by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). It is psycho-educational and provides basic skills training in communication and stress management.

    Conclusion

    We believe that this program will offer parents of children with burns information and support, decrease symptoms of stress, and that parents will perceive the program as useful. If the program is found to be beneficial, it could be implemented in burn care as it is accessible and cost-effective.

  • 37.
    Sveen, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Bondjers, Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5: a pilot study2016In: European Journal of Psychotraumatology, ISSN 2000-8198, E-ISSN 2000-8066, Vol. 7, article id 30165Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: To date there is a lack of studies assessing the psychometric properties of the recently revised PTSD Checklist (PCL), the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The aim of this pilot study was to examine the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 in parents of children with burns.

    Methods: The participating parents (N = 62, mean age = 38) completed self-report questionnaires, 0.8-5.6 years after their child's burn. Measures were the PCL-5, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Burn severity of the child and sociodemographic variables was obtained.

    Results: The parents' average PCL-5 scores were low to moderate. The internal consistency of the PCL-5 was satisfactory, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.56 to 0.77 and mean inter-item correlations ranging from 0.22 to 0.73 for the four PCL-5 subscales and the PCL-5 total. The PCL-5 subscales were moderately to highly correlated with the corresponding IES-R subscales as well as MADRS and PSS (p < 0.05), whereas associations with sociodemographics and burn severity were low to moderate.

    Conclusions: This study provides preliminary support for the use of PCL-5. The results indicate satisfactory psychometric properties of the PCL-5 as measured with internal consistency, test retest reliability, and aspects of convergent validity.

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  • 38.
    Sveen, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Dyster-Aas, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Attentional bias and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder one year after burn injury2009In: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, ISSN 0022-3018, E-ISSN 1539-736X, Vol. 197, no 11, p. 850-855Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Trauma-related attentional bias is suggested to play a role in maintaining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although being burn injured is a traumatic event for many patients, there are no prospective studies investigating attentional bias. The aims were to assess burn-specific attentional bias 1 year after burn, and its associations with risk factors for PTSD and symptoms of PTSD. A total of 38 adult patients with burns were assessed with a structured clinical interview and a Swedish version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised up to 1-year after burn. The Emotional Stroop Task was used to assess attentional bias 1 year after burn. In total 29 participants displayed burn-specific attentional bias. This group had more previous life events, perceived life threat, larger burns, and higher PTSD symptom severity. In conclusion, the majority of the patients had burn-specific attentional bias 1 year after burn and this was related to symptoms of PTSD.

  • 39.
    Sveen, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    A prospective longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories after burn injury2011In: Journal of Trauma, ISSN 0022-5282, E-ISSN 1529-8809, Vol. 71, no 6, p. 1808-1815Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Psychologic problems are common after burns, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are some of the most prevalent. Risk factors for PTSD have been identified, but little is known about the onset and course of these symptoms. The objective was to investigate whether there are different PTSD symptom trajectories after burns.

    Methods: Ninety-five adults with burns were enrolled in a prospective study from in-hospital treatment until 12 months after burn. Symptoms of PTSD were assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and scores at 3, 6, and 12 months after the burn were used in a cluster analysis to detect trajectories. The trajectories were compared regarding known risk factors for PTSD using non-parametric analysis of variance.

    Results: Four clusters were identified: (1) resilient, with low levels of PTSD symptoms that decreased over time; (2) recovery, with high levels of symptoms that gradually decreased; (3) delayed, with moderate symptoms that increased over time; and (4) chronic, with high levels of symptoms over time. The trajectories differed regarding several risk factors for PTSD including life events, premorbid psychiatric morbidity, personality traits, avoidant coping, in-hospital psychologic symptoms, and social support. The resilient trajectory consistently had fewer of the risk factors and differed the most from the chronic trajectory.

    Conclusions: There are subgroups among patients with burns that have different patterns of PTSD symptom development. These findings may have implications for clinical practice, such as the timing of assessment and the management of patients who present with these symptoms.

  • 40.
    Sveen, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Huss, Fredrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the burn outcomes questionnaire for children aged 5 to 18 years2012In: Journal of burn care & research: official publication of the American Burn Association, ISSN 1559-047X, Vol. 33, no 6, p. e286-e294Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although pediatric burn injuries are common, there is a lack of burn-specific health outcome measurements for children. The American Burn Association and the Shriners Hospitals for Children have developed the Burn Outcomes Questionnaire (BOQ), which is a parent-report questionnaire measuring the functional outcome after burn in children aged 5 to 18 years. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the BOQ, assessing feasibility, reliability, and validity aspects. Participants were parents (n = 70) of children aged 5 to 18 years who were treated at the Uppsala or Linköping burn center between January 2000 and December 2008. For most subscales, feasibility was adequate and the internal consistency was good: Cronbach's α values were above 0.76 in all but 1 subscale, and mean interitem correlations ranged from 0.34 to 0.90. The test-retest reliability was significant in the majority of subscales. Evidence of validity was shown by associations among the BOQ subscales and between BOQ subscales and measures of burn severity, heat sensitivity, fear-avoidance beliefs, and parent reports of the child's psychological problems. In conclusion, with the exception of a few subscales, this study supports the continued evaluation of the Swedish version of BOQ as a tool to measure outcome after burn in children aged 5 to 18 years.

  • 41.
    Sveen, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Low, Aili
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Dyster-Aas, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Validation of a Swedish version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in patients with burns2010In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders, ISSN 0887-6185, E-ISSN 1873-7897, Vol. 24, no 6, p. 618-622Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Impact of Event Scale (IES) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) are often used as self-reportinstruments for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there are few validationsof the IES and the IES-R against structured clinical interviews. In this study the two scales, together withthe three subscales of the IES-R, were assessed for their agreement with a diagnosis of PTSD in patientswith burns 1 year after injury. Sixty patients with burns were evaluated 1 year after injury using theStructured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I (SCID-I) psychiatric disorders and a Swedish versionof the IES-R. The total score of the IES-R had the best discriminant ability (0.89) with a sensitivity of 1.0and a specificity of 0.78. In conclusion, the total IES-R had good properties as a screening tool for PTSDand subsyndromal PTSD 1 year after burn injury.

  • 42.
    Sveen, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Orwelius, Lotti
    Linköpings universitet.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Huss, Fredrik
    LInköpings universitet.
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Linköpings universitet.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Psychometric properties of the impact of event scale-revised in patients one year after burn injury2010In: Journal of Burn Care and Research, ISSN 1559-0488, Vol. 31, no 2, p. 310-318Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Burn injury can be a life-threatening and traumatic event. Despite considerable risk for psychological morbidity, few outcome measures have been evaluated. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in patients 1 year after burn injury (N = 147). A principal component analysis was performed, and the results supported the three-factor structure of the IES-R. High internal consistency and intelligible associations with concurrent psychological symptoms and known risk factors for distress after trauma indicate satisfactory psychometric properties. Thus, the study supports the use of the IES-R as a screening tool for measuring traumatic distress after burn.

  • 43.
    Sveen, Josefin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Feelings of guilt and embitterment in parents of children with burns and its associations with depression2018In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, E-ISSN 1879-1409, Vol. 44, no 5, p. 1135-1140Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The aim was to examine guilt and embitterment in mothers and fathers of children with burns and its associations with depression and burn severity. Methods: Parents (N=61, mothers n=41, fathers n=20) completed self-report questionnaires on guilt and embitterment, 0.8-5.6 years after their child's burn. Burn severity and sociodemographic variables were obtained from medical records and symptoms of depression were assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results: The parents reported low levels of guilt, embitterment and depression. Burn-specific and general guilt were higher in mothers than fathers, but there were no differences in embitterment or symptoms of depression. General guilt was associated with depression, whereas burn-specific guilt and embitterment were not. Conclusions: Parents with general guilt may suffer from symptoms of depression. An implication is that clinicians should address guilt feelings among parents in order to alleviate distress and to identify any need for further counseling.

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  • 44. Van Loey, Nancy E
    et al.
    Van de Schoot, Rens
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Faber, Albertus W
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    The Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief: Measurement invariant across European countries2013In: The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, ISSN 2163-0755, Vol. 74, no 5, p. 1321-1326Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    The Burn Specific Health Scale Brief (BSHS-B), which is the only multidimensional measure to evaluate burn-specific aspects of health status, has previously been validated in several languages across the world. However, the stability of the underlying construct was not cross-culturally evaluated. The current study reports on measurement invariance across two samples of Swedish- and Dutch- speaking patients with burns.

    METHODS:

    In a prospective study, 231 and 275 Swedish and Dutch-Belgian patients with burns, completed the BSHS-B at 9 or 12 months, respectively, after burn. Using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance across languages (Swedish and Dutch) was tested.

    RESULTS:

    The results of the confirmatory factor analysis in the total sample revealed that the scale structure for the earlier reported three-factor structure and the original nine-factor structure was adequate. However, an eight-factor structure in which hand function and simple abilities were merged provided the best fit. This structure was used to test measurement invariance across the two language groups. The two-group outcomes testing measurement invariance across Swedish- and Dutch-speaking patients indicated a stable, configural invariance.

    CONCLUSION:

    The BSHS-B seems to function uniformly across both language groups. The BSHS-B can be used to compare cross-cultural results in both countries.

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

    Prognostic study, level III.

  • 45.
    Wikehult, Björn
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Prediction of patient satisfaction with care one year after burn2009In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, E-ISSN 1879-1409, Vol. 35, no 2, p. 194-200Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this prospective study was to find predictors of patient satisfaction with burn care. Sixty-nine consecutive adult patients undergoing acute treatment in a Burn Unit completed the following questionnaires: the Swedish universities Scales of Personality, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Socio-demographic data and burn severity were registered. One year later they completed the Patient Satisfaction-Results and Quality (PS-RESKVA) questionnaire containing four subscales: quality of contact with nursing staff (QCN), quality of contact with medical staff (QCM), adequate treatment information (INF), and global satisfaction with treatment (GS). Each subscale was treated as a dependent variable in separate multiple regression models. Overall, the explained variance was low to moderate (range adjusted R2 = 0.06-0.19). Variables remaining in the models were: intrusive symptoms, and the personality trait stress susceptibility for QCN; age, education, and symptoms of hyperarousal for QCM; trait irritability for INF; and age and the personality traits detachment and social desirability for GS. In conclusion, psychological and socio-demographic variables predicted satisfaction to some degree, whereas injury severity did not. The low amount of explained variance suggests that other factors, hypothetically related to care itself, determine patient satisfaction as assessed by the PS-RESKVA.

  • 46.
    Wikehult, Björn
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Hedlund, Mathilde
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Marsenic, Milica
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Nyman, Sofi
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Evaluation of negative emotional care experiences in burn care2008In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 17, no 14, p. 1923-1929Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM AND OBJECTIVE:

    To assess recollection of negative emotional experiences during burn care.

    BACKGROUND:

    Patients in intensive care frequently report negative emotional experiences. Patients with severe burns who are treated in intensive care units undergo painful care procedures, but there have been no recent evaluations of their care experiences.

    DESIGN:

    Former burn patients (n = 42) were randomly assigned to three groups: postal questionnaire, telephone interview and face-to-face interview.

    METHODS:

    Assessments included negative care experiences (feelings of uncertainty, powerlessness, being afraid, insecure, being a nuisance, or neglected), severity of injury, patient satisfaction, personality traits and psychological symptoms.

    RESULTS:

    Overall, the degree of recalled negative experiences was low and associated with greater severity of injury, more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and lower satisfaction with care. The feeling of powerlessness was the most common, as 67% of participants had such feelings to some extent.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Overall, negative care experiences were uncommon and most prevalent among the severely injured. Such experiences were also associated with psychological symptoms and lower patient satisfaction.

    RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE:

    Although relatively uncommon, negative emotional care experiences should be monitored more closely during care.

  • 47.
    Wikehult, Björn
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Kildal, Morten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, University Hospital.
    Patient satisfaction with burn care 1-6 years after injury2008In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, E-ISSN 1879-1409, Vol. 34, no 6, p. 783-790Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Patient satisfaction is an important outcome in health care but has not been studied in relation to burn care. The aim was to explore factors related to satisfaction with care 1-6 years after a burn. Participants were 86 adult burn patients, injured on average 3.6 years previously. The Patient Satisfaction-Results and Quality (PS-RESKVA) was used to assess satisfaction. It has four subscales: Quality of contact with the nursing staff (QCN), Quality of contact with the medical staff (QCM), Adequate treatment information (INF) and Global satisfaction with treatment (GS). Further, data were gathered regarding personality traits and health. Average scores for QCN were significantly higher than scores for the other subscales, and INF received the lowest mean score. In multiple regressions, the PS-RESKVA subscales were associated with better interpersonal relationships (all PS-RESKVA subscales), more sensation seeking (QCM, INF, and GS) and less aggressiveness (QCM and GS). Other variables contributed to a lesser degree. Total amount of explained variance ranged between 18% and 25% for the PS-RESKVA subscales. In summary, satisfaction with burn care was only moderately explained by health and personality characteristics. Further, former patients rated satisfaction with nursing staff higher than other aspects of care, especially information routines.

  • 48.
    Wikehult, Björn
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Willebrand, Mimmie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University hospital.
    Kildal, Morten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Lannerstam, Kurt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Fugl-Meyer, Axel R
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine.
    Ekselius, Lisa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University hospital.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery.
    Use of healthcare a long time after severe burn injury: relation to perceived health and personality characteristics2005In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, Vol. 27, no 15, p. 863-870Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate which factors are associated with the use of healthcare a long time after severe burn injury.

    Method. After a review process based on clinical reasoning, 69 former burn patients out of a consecutive group treated at the Uppsala Burn Unit from 1980 – 1995 were visited in their homes and their use of care and support was assessed in a semi-structured interview. Post-burn health was assessed with the Burn-Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) and personality was assessed with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP).

    Results.  The participants were injured on average eight years previously. Thirty-four had current contact with healthcare due to their burn injury and had significantly lower scores on three BSHS-B-domains: Simple Abilities, Work and Hand function, and significantly higher scores for the SSP-domain Neuroticism and the SSP-scales Stress Susceptibility, Lack of Assertiveness, and lower scores for Social Desirability. There was no relation to age, gender, time since injury, length of stay, or to the surface area burned.

    Conclusions. A routine screening of personality traits as a supplement to long-term follow-ups may help in identifying the patient's need for care.

  • 49.
    Willebrand, M
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience. psykiatri UAS.
    Andersson, G
    Humanistisk-samhällsvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Kildal, M
    Department of Surgical Sciences. plastic surgery.
    Ekselius, L
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience. psykiatri UAS.
    Exploration of coping patterns in burned adults: cluster analysis of the coping with burns questionnaire (CBQ).2002In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, Vol. 28, no 6, p. 549-54Article in journal (Other scientific)
  • 50.
    Willebrand, M
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience.
    Andersson, G
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Kildal, Morten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences. plastikkirurgi.
    Gerdin, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences. plastikkirurgi.
    Ekselius, L
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience. psykiatri UAS.
    Injury-related fear-avoidance, neuroticism and burn-specific health.2006In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, Vol. 32, no 4, p. 408-15Article in journal (Refereed)
12 1 - 50 of 73
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