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  • 1.
    Bandara, Sandya
    et al.
    Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Musmar, Samar M J
    Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Palestine.
    Procaccini, Diane B
    Lactation Services, Capital Health Hospital, New Jersey, USA.
    Wang, Shu-Fang
    Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
    RoundTable discussion: Use of alternative feeding methods in the hospital2012Inngår i: Journal of Human Lactation, ISSN 0890-3344, E-ISSN 1552-5732, Vol. 28, nr 2, s. 122-124Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 2.
    Baylis, Rebecca
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Ewald, Uwe
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Gradin, Maria
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Thernström Blomqvist, Ylva
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    First-time events between parents and preterm infants are affected by the designs and routines of neonatal intensive care units2014Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 103, nr 10, s. 1045-1052Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM:

    Early parental bonding with preterm babies is particularly important, and the aim of our study was to explore when parents experienced what they regarded as important events for the first time while their infant was in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

    METHODS:

    The study was part of a longitudinal project on Kangaroo Mother Care at two Swedish university hospitals. The parents of 81 infants completed questionnaires during their infants' hospital stay.

    RESULTS:

    Most parents saw and touched their infants immediately after birth, but only a few could hold them skin to skin or swaddle them. Other important events identified by parents included the first time they performed care giving activities and did so independently, interaction and closeness with the infant, signs of the infant's recovery and integration into the family. The timing of the events depended on the physical design of the NICU, whether parents' could stay with their infant round-the-clock and when they were allowed to provide care under supervision and on their own.

    CONCLUSION:

    The design and routines of the NICU dictated when parents first interacted with their infants. Clinical guidelines that facilitate early contact with preterm babies can help parents to make the transition to their parental role.

  • 3.
    Blomqvist, Ylva Thernström
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Ewald, Uwe
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Gradin, Maria
    Örebro Medical Centre Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Initiation and extent of skin-to-skin care at two Swedish neonatal intensive care units2013Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 102, nr 1, s. 22-28Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM:

    To describe initiation and extent of parents' application of skin-to-skin care (SSC) with their preterm infants at two Swedish neonatal intensive care units.

    METHODS:

    The duration of SSC was recorded in 104 infants' medical charts during their hospital stay, and the parents answered a questionnaire.

    RESULTS:

    Both parents were involved in the practice of SSC. Three infants experienced SSC directly after birth, 34 within 1 h, 85 within 24 h and the remaining 19 at 24-78 h postbirth. SSC commenced earlier (median age of 50 min) in infants whose first SSC was with their father instead of with their mother (median age of 649 min: p < 0.001). The earlier the SSC was initiated, the longer the infant was cared for skin-to-skin per day during his/her hospital stay (p < 0.001). The median daily duration of SSC was 403 min.

    CONCLUSION:

    Early initiation of SSC had positive impact on the extent of parents' application of SSC. Even though the infants in this study were cared for skin-to-skin to a high extent, there is a potential for extended use of SSC in this type of hospital setting for reducing separation between infants and parents.

  • 4.
    Blomqvist, Ylva Thernström
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Funkquist, Eva-Lotta
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Parents need support to find ways to optimise their own sleep without seeing their preterm infant's sleeping patterns as a problem2017Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 106, nr 2, s. 223-228Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: This study described how parents perceived their own sleep, and their infants', during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and after discharge. It also explored the infants' sleeping location at home.

    METHODS: The study was conducted in the NICUs of two Swedish university hospitals. The parents of 86 infants - 86 mothers and 84 fathers - answered questionnaires during their infants' hospital stay, at discharge and at the infants' corrected ages of two, six and 12 months. The parents' own sleep was explored with the Insomnia Severity Index.

    RESULTS: Mothers reported more severe insomnia than fathers during their infants' hospitalisation, and these higher insomnia severity scores were associated with more severe infant sleep problems at discharge (p = 0.027) and at two months (p = 0.006) and 12 months (p = 0.002) of corrected age. During the study period, 4%-10% of the parents reported severe or very severe infant sleeping problems. The bed-sharing rate was 75% after discharge and about 60% at the corrected age of 12 months.

    CONCLUSION: Maternal insomnia during an infant's hospital stay was associated with later perceptions of sleep problems in their children. Parents need support to find solutions for optimal sleep without seeing their child's sleeping patterns as a problem.

  • 5.
    Blomqvist, Ylva Thernström
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Swedish mothers' experience of continuous Kangaroo Mother Care2011Inngår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 20, nr 9-10, s. 1472-1480Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims. To characterise the first infants receiving continuous Kangaroo Mother Care from birth to discharge in a Swedish neonatal intensive care unit and to investigate their mothers' experiences of this model of care. Background.  Admission of a newborn infant to a neonatal intensive care unit commonly implies separation of the new mother from her infant. Kangaroo Mother Care is a model of neonatal care which supports the parental role as primary care-giver and contributes to minimising the separation between the infant and parents. Design. A retrospective survey design. Method. A purposive sample consisting of 23 mother-infant pairs. Relevant infant data were obtained from their medical records. A questionnaire with questions about the infant's care and regarding Kangaroo Mother Care was designed for this study. Results.  The infants were born at a gestational age of 31-41 weeks, birth weight ranging from 1715-3700 g. The mothers of these moderately preterm and ill newborn infants showed good acceptance of the idea of providing their infants with continuous Kangaroo Mother Care during their stay at the neonatal intensive care unit. The mothers' evaluations of this method were predominantly positive. Negative comments concerned lack of information about practical application of the method, and some mothers perceived their infants' care during the night as exhausting. No mother would have preferred not to perform continuous Kangaroo Mother Care or to terminate Kangaroo Mother Care earlier than they did. Conclusions. These mothers accepted this model of care very well, provided that they received the help and support they required. Relevance to clinical practice.  Mothers whose infants are admitted to an neonatal intensive care units in settings similar to the study setting should be offered opportunities to be present and provide Kangaroo Mother Care for their infants, to the extent that they are able and willing to do so and as permitted by the infant's medical condition and care.

  • 6.
    Blomqvist, Ylva Thernström
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Parent-infant skin-to-skin contact: how do parent records compare to nurse records?2011Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 100, nr 5, s. 773-775Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 7.
    Blomqvist, YlvaThernström
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Kylberg, Elisabeth
    Jöreskog, Karin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap. Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för forskning om funktionshinder.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Kangaroo Mother Care helps fathers of preterm infants gain confidence in the paternal role2012Inngår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, E-ISSN 1365-2648, Vol. 68, nr 9, s. 1988-1996Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim. 

    This article is a report on a descriptive study of fathers’ experiences of providing their preterm infants with Kangaroo Mother Care.

    Background. 

    During neonatal intensive care, fathers describe the incubator as a barrier and the separation from their infant as stressful. Fathers consider it important to be close to the infant, and performing Kangaroo Mother Care makes them feel an important participant in their infants’ care.

    Method. 

    Individual interviews conducted in 2009 with seven fathers who performed Kangaroo Mother Care were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

    Results. 

    The fathers’ opportunity for being close to their infants facilitated attainment of their paternal role in the neonatal intensive care unit. Kangaroo Mother Care allowed them to feel in control and that they were doing something good for their infant, although the infant’s care could be demanding and stressful. As active agents in their infant’s care, some fathers stayed with the infant during the whole hospital stay, others were at the neonatal intensive care unit all day long. Despite the un-wished-for situation, they adapted to their predicament and spent as much time as possible with their infants.

    Conclusion. 

    Fathers’ opportunities for Kangaroo Mother Care helped them to attain their paternal role and to cope with the unexpected situation. The physical environment and conflicting staff statements influenced their opportunity for, and experience of, caring for their preterm infants.

  • 8.
    Funkquist, Eva Lotta
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Tuvemo, Torsten
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Jonsson, Björn
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin H.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Milk for small infants2007Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 96, nr 4, s. 596-599Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated weight patterns of infants born SGA, in relation to two different feeding regimens during hospital stay. We compared 21 SGA infants prescribed 200 mL/kg milk on day 2, with 21 infants, prescribed 170 mL/kg on day 9. The infants fed according to the proactive nutrition policy tolerated large volumes of milk and showed lower weight loss. Conclusion: A proactive nutrition policy demonstrably reduces weight loss in SGA infants.

  • 9.
    Funkquist, Eva-Lotta
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Carlsson, Marianne
    Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Consulting on feeding and sleeping problems in child health care: what is at the bottom of advice to parents?2005Inngår i: Journal of Child Health Care, Vol. 9, nr 2, s. 137-152Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 10.
    Funkquist, Eva-Lotta
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Tuvemo, Torsten
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Jonsson, Björn
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Preterm appropriate for gestational age infants: size at birth explains subsequent growth2010Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 99, nr 12, s. 1828-1833Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim was to evaluate growth and breastfeeding up to 18 months corrected age (CA) among preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants whose mothers initiated breastfeeding during the infants' hospital stay. Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven preterm AGA infants with a median birth weight of 2320 (769-3250) g and gestational age 34.29 (25.00-35.86) weeks were evaluated up to a CA of 18 months. A retrospective, descriptive and comparative design was used. Data were obtained by chart review of hospital medical records and a questionnaire completed by the mothers. Results: The changes in standard deviation scores (SDS) during the infants' hospital stay were -0.9 for weight, -0.3 for length and -0.5 for head circumference (HC). Infants with higher SDS at birth showed more negative changes from birth to discharge. Median increments in SDS from discharge to a CA of 2 months were as high as, or higher than, the loss from birth to discharge. Conclusion: Preterm AGA infants with higher SDS for weight, length and HC at birth are at higher risk of inadequate growth during their hospital stay.

  • 11.
    Funkquist, Eva-Lotta
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Tuvemo, Torsten
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Jonsson, Björn
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Influence of test weighing before/after nursing on breastfeeding in preterm infants2010Inngår i: Advances in Neonatal Care, ISSN 1536-0903, E-ISSN 1536-0911, Vol. 10, nr 1, s. 33-39Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Swedish hospitals apply various regimens for preterm infants' nutrition in connection with their mothers' establishment of breastfeeding. Milk intake is assessed either by test weighing before and after breastfeeding or by observing the infant's suckling behavior (ie, clinical indices). These differing policies may lead to differences in infants' feeding progress. The purpose of this study was to compare effects on breastfeeding and weight gain of preterm infants, depending on whether the volume of breast milk intake when suckled in the hospital was estimated by "clinical indices" or determined by test weighing. SUBJECTS: Sixty-four infants treated at a unit applying test weighing were compared with 59 infants treated at a unit assessing milk intake by "clinical indices." DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive, and comparative design was used to explore the consequences of different nutrition regimens. Data were obtained from a review of hospital medical records. PRINCIPAL RESULTS: The infants treated at the hospital where test weighing was practiced attained exclusive breastfeeding at an earlier postmenstrual age (PMA) and were also discharged at an earlier PMA. However, the 2 study units were alike regarding the proportion of infants attaining exclusive breastfeeding, the postnatal age when this occurred, and the weight pattern in hospital. CONCLUSION: To establish breastfeeding in preterm infants, test weighing before and after breastfeeding and gradual reduction of supplementation are both applicable regimens. Mothers can be encouraged to choose either of them, although test weighing may help infants attain exclusive breastfeeding at an earlier PMA.

  • 12.
    Gerhardsson, Emma
    et al.
    Pediatric Specialist Outpatient Department, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Mattsson, Elisabet
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Volgsten, Helena
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Hildingsson, Ingegerd
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Funkquist, Eva-Lotta
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    The Swedish Version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: Reliability and Validity Assessment2014Inngår i: Journal of Human Lactation, ISSN 0890-3344, E-ISSN 1552-5732, Vol. 30, nr 3, s. 340-345Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Among Swedish mothers, breastfeeding duration has been declining in recent years. An instrument for early identification of women at risk for shorter breastfeeding duration may be useful in reversing this trend.

    Objectives:

    The aims of this study were to translate and psychometrically test the Swedish version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), examine the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and demographic variables, and evaluate associations with breastfeeding continuation plans in Swedish mothers.

    Methods:

    The BSES-SF was translated into Swedish using forward and back translation. The sample consisted of 120 mothers who, during the first week postpartum, came for a routine follow-up visit at the postnatal unit in a university hospital. The mothers were compared based on demographic data and their future breastfeeding plans.

    Results:

    The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency for the BSES-SF was 0.91 and the majority of correlation coefficients exceeded 0.3. A 1-factor solution was found that explained 46% of the total variance. There was no difference in confidence in breastfeeding between mothers with early hospital discharge and mothers who received postnatal care at the hospital. Primiparas who stayed longer at the hospital were less confident in breastfeeding than primiparas who had a shorter hospital stay. Breastfeeding mothers who planned to partially breastfeed in the near future had lower BSES-SF scores, compared to those who planned to continue exclusive breastfeeding.

    Conclusion:

    The Swedish version of the BSES-SF has good reliability, validity, and agreement with mothers' plans regarding breastfeeding continuation and exclusivity.

  • 13.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    How can kangaroo mother care and high technology care be compatible?2004Annet (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 14.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Anderson, G C
    Bergman, N
    Cattaneo, A
    Charpak, N
    Davanzo, R
    Ewald, Uwe
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Ludington-Hoe, S
    Mendoza, S
    Pallás-Allonso, C
    Peláez, J G
    Sizun, J
    Wiström, A M
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    State of the art and recommendations. Kangaroo mother care: application in a high-tech environment2010Inngår i: Breastfeeding review : professional publication of the Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia, ISSN 0729-2759, Vol. 18, nr 3, s. 21-28Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Since Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) was developed in Colombia in the 1970s, two trends in clinical application emerged. In low-income settings, the original KMC modelis implemented. This consists of continuous (24 h/day; 7 days/week) and prolonged mother/parent-infant skin-to-skin contact; early discharge with the infant in the kangaroo position; (ideally) exclusive breastfeeding and, adequate follow up. In affluent settings, intermittent KMC with sessions of one or a few hours skin-to-skin contact for a limited period is common. As a result of the increasing evidence of the benefits of KMC for both infants and families in all intensive care settings, KMC in a high-tech environment was chosen as the topic for the first European Conference on KMC, and the clinical implementation of the KMC modelin all types of settings was discussed at the 7th International Workshop on KMC Kangaroo Mother Care protocols in high-tech Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) should specify criteria for initiation, kangaroo position, transfer to/from KMC, transport in kangaroo position, kangaroo nutrition, parents'role, modification of the NICU environment, performance of care in KMC, and KMCin case of infant instability. CONCLUSION: Implementation of the original KMC method, with continuous skin-to-skin contact whenever possible, is recommended for application in high-tech environments, although scientific evaluation should continue.

  • 15.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Ewald, Uwe
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Surface electromyography of facial muscles during natural and artificial feeding of infants: identification of differences between breast-, cup- and bottle-feeding.2006Inngår i: J Pediatr (Rio J), ISSN 0021-7557, Vol. 82, nr 2, s. 85-6Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 16.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Haggkvist, Anna-Pia
    Hansen, Mette Ness
    Kylberg, Elisabeth
    Frandsen, Annemi Lyng
    Maastrup, Ragnhild
    Ezeonodo, Aino
    Hannula, Leena
    Koskinen, Katja
    Haiek, Laura N.
    Expansion of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding into Neonatal Intensive Care: Expert Group Recommendations for Three Guiding Principles2012Inngår i: Journal of Human Lactation, ISSN 0890-3344, E-ISSN 1552-5732, Vol. 28, nr 3, s. 289-296Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated, and Expanded for Integrated Care (2009) identifies the need for expanding the guidelines originally developed for maternity units to include neonatal intensive care. For this purpose, an expert group from the Nordic countries and Quebec, Canada, prepared a draft proposal, which was discussed at an international workshop in Uppsala, Sweden, in September 2011. The expert group suggests the addition of 3 "Guiding Principles" to the Ten Steps to support this vulnerable population of mothers and infants: 1. The staff attitude to the mother must focus on the individual mother and her situation. 2. The facility must provide family-centered care, supported by the environment. 3. The health care system must ensure continuity of care, that is, continuity of pre-, peri-, and postnatal care and post-discharge care. The goal of the expert group is to create a final document, the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Units, including standards and criteria for each of the 3 Guiding Principles, Ten Steps, and the Code; to develop tools for self-appraisal and monitoring compliance with the guidelines; and for external assessment to decide whether neonatal intensive/intermediate care units meet the conditions required to be designated as Baby-Friendly. The documents will be finalized after consultation with the World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund, and the goal is to offer these documents to international health care, professional, and other nongovernmental organizations involved in lactation and breastfeeding support for mothers of infants who require special neonatal care.

  • 17.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Kylberg, Elisabeth
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Application of the baby friendly hospital initiative to neonatal care: suggestions by Swedish mothers of very preterm infants2008Inngår i: Journal of Human Lactation, ISSN 0890-3344, E-ISSN 1552-5732, Vol. 24, nr 3, s. 252-262Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to obtain suggestions from mothers of very preterm infants regarding modification of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) 10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Thirteen mothers were interviewed 2 to 6 months after their infants' discharge from the hospital. The interviews generated 13 steps, which partly agree with the BFHI steps. The new steps address respect for mothers' individual decisions about breastfeeding, education of staff in specific knowledge and skills, antenatal information about lactation in the event of preterm birth, skin-to-skin (kangaroo mother) care, breast milk expression, early introduction of breastfeeding, facilitation of mothers' 24-hour presence in the hospital, preference for mother's own milk, semi-demand feeding before transition to demand breastfeeding, special benefits of pacifier sucking, alternative strategies for reduction of supplementation, use of bottle-feeding when indicated, a family-centered and supportive physical environment, support of the father's presence, and early transfer of infants' care to parents.

  • 18.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Rosenblad, Andreas
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm, Centrum för klinisk forskning, Västerås. Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, Arbets- och miljömedicin.
    Volgsten, Helena
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap.
    Funkquist, Eva-Lotta
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Mattsson, Elisabet
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Forskargrupper (Inst. för kvinnor och barns hälsa), Klinisk psykologi i hälso- och sjukvård.
    Early skin-to-skin contact between healthy late preterm infants and their parents: an observational cohort study2017Inngår i: PeerJ, E-ISSN 2167-8359, Vol. 5, artikkel-id e3949Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is an important factor to consider in the care of late preterm infants (born between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 completed weeks of gestation). The literature suggests that SSC between preterm infants and their mothers facilitates breastfeeding. However, more studies are needed to explore potential dose-response effects between SSC and breastfeeding as well as studies that explicitly investigate SSC by fathers among late preterm infants. The aim was to investigate the duration of healthy late preterm infants’ SSC with the mother and father, respectively, during the first 48 h after birth and the associations with breastfeeding (exclusive/partial at discharged), clinical and demographic variables.

    Methods

    This was an observational cohort study in which parents to healthy late preterm infants, born between 34 5/7 and 36 6/7 completed weeks of gestation, recorded duration of SSC provided by mother and father, respectively. Demographic and clinical variables were retrieved from the medical records and were used as predictors. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between the predictors and the outcome, SSC (hours), separately for mothers and fathers.

    Results

    The mean (standard deviation [SD]) time per day spent with SSC with mothers (n = 64) and fathers (n = 64), was 14.7 (5.6) and 4.4 (3.3) hours during the first day (24 h) after birth and 9.2 (7.1) and 3.1 (3.3) hours during the second day (24 h), respectively. Regarding SSC with mothers, no variable was significantly associated with SSC during the first day, while the mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) time of SSC during the second day was 6.9 (1.4–12.4) hours shorter for each additional kg of birthweight (p = 0.014). Concerning SSC with fathers, the mean (95% CI) time of SSC during the first day was 2.1 (0.4–3.7) hours longer for infants born at night (p = 0.015), 1.7 (0.1–3.2) hours longer for boys (p = 0.033), 3.2 (1.2–5.2) hours longer for infants born by caesarean section (p = 0.003), and 1.6 (0.1–3.1) hours longer for infants exclusively breastfed at discharge (p = 0.040). During the second day, the mean (95% CI) time of SSC with fathers was 3.0 (0.6–5.4) hours shorter for each additional kg of birthweight (p = 0.014), 2.0 (0.5–3.6) hours longer for infants born during night-time (p = 0.011), 2.9 (1.4–4.4) hours longer if the mother was primipara (p < 0.001), and 1.9 (0.3–3.5) hours shorter if supplementary artificial milk feeds were given. None of the other predictors, i.e., mother’s age, gestational age, or induction of labor were significantly associated with infants’ SSC with mothers or fathers during any of the first two days after birth.

    Conclusion

    Future studies are warranted that investigate duration of SSC between late preterm infants and their parents separately and the associations with breastfeeding and other variables of clinical importance.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 19.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Sorell, Annette
    Ewald, Uwe
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Litmus tests for verification of feeding tube location in infants: evaluation of their clinical use.2005Inngår i: J Clin Nurs, ISSN 0962-1067, Vol. 14, nr 4, s. 486-95Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 20. Heinemann, Ann-Britt
    et al.
    Hellström-Westas, Lena
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Factors affecting parents' presence with their extremely preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care room2013Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 102, nr 7, s. 695-702Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim To describe parents' experiences of factors that influenced their stay with their extremely preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods This study has a qualitative descriptive design based on semistructured interviews conducted with seven mothers and six fathers. Results Opportunities to stay overnight together with their infant facilitated parental presence, and opportunities for taking over their infant's care empowered the parents in their parental role and increased their motivation to stay. Kangaroo mother care helped them to feel in control and feel needed, which increased their presence. High levels of illumination and noise rendered it difficult for parents to sleep and stay overnight with the infant. Low staffing levels limited their use of kangaroo mother care when they had to wait for assistance to transfer the infant from the incubator. Several participants perceived the performance of painful procedures on their child as stressful and as an obstacle to their presence. Conclusion Kangaroo mother care and active involvement in the infant's care gave parents a sense of control and strengthened their motivation to be with their infant. High levels of noise and illumination and a dismissive staff attitude were obstacles to parents' presence.

  • 21.
    Karlsson, Victoria
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgiska vetenskaper, Anestesiologi och intensivvård. Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Heinemann, Ann-Britt
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Sjörs, Gunnar
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Ågren, Johan
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Early Skin-to-Skin Care in Extremely Preterm Infants: Thermal Balance and Care Environment2012Inngår i: Journal of Pediatrics, ISSN 0022-3476, E-ISSN 1097-6833, Vol. 161, nr 3, s. 422-426Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    To evaluate infant thermal balance and the physical environment in extremely preterm infants during skin-to-skin care (SSC).

    Study design

    Measurements were performed in 26 extremely preterm infants (gestational age 22-26 weeks; postnatal age, 2-9 days) during pretest (in incubator), test (during SSC), and posttest (in incubator) periods. Infants' skin temperature and body temperature, ambient temperature, and relative humidity were measured. Evaporimetry was used to determine transepidermal water loss, and insensible water loss through the skin was calculated.

    Results

    The infants maintained a normal body temperature during SSC. Transfer to and from SSC was associated with a drop in skin temperature, which increased during SSC. Ambient humidity and temperature were lower during SSC than during incubator care. Insensible water loss through the skin was higher during SSC.

    Conclusion

    SSC can be safely used in extremely preterminfants. SSC can be initiated during the first week of life and is feasible in infants requiring neonatal intensive care, including ventilator treatment. During SSC, the conduction of heat from parent to infant is sufficiently high to compensate for the increase in evaporative and convective heat loss. The increased water loss through the skin during SSC is small and should not affect the infant's fluid balance.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 22.
    Mattsson, Elisabet
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik. Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, Klinisk psykologi i hälso- och sjukvård.
    Funkquist, Eva-Lotta
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Wickström, Maria
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Volgsten, Helena
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Healthy late preterm infants and supplementary artificial milk feeds: Effects on breast feeding and associated clinical parameters2015Inngår i: Midwifery, ISSN 0266-6138, E-ISSN 1532-3099, Vol. 31, nr 4, s. 426-431Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: to compare the influence of supplementary artificial milk feeds on breast feeding and certain clinical parameters among healthy late preterm infants given regular supplementary artificial milk feeds versus being exclusively breast fed from birth.

    DESIGN: a comparative study using quantitative methods. Data were collected via a parental diary and medical records.

    METHODS: parents of 77 late preterm infants (34 5/7-36 6/7 weeks), whose mothers intended to breast feed, completed a diary during the infants׳ hospital stay.

    FINDINGS: infants who received regular supplementary artificial milk feeds experienced a longer delay before initiation of breast feeding, were breast fed less frequently and had longer hospital stays than infants exclusively breast fed from birth. Exclusively breast-fed infants had a greater weight loss than infants with regular artificial milk supplementation. A majority of the mothers (65%) with an infant prescribed artificial milk never expressed their milk and among the mothers who used a breast-pump, milk expression commenced late (10-84 hours after birth). At discharge, all infants were breast fed to some extent, 43% were exclusively breast fed.

    KEY CONCLUSIONS: clinical practice and routines influence the initiation of breast feeding among late preterm infants and may act as barriers to the mothers׳ establishment of exclusive breast feeding.

  • 23. Mode, R. Ignell
    et al.
    Mard, E.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Blomqvist, Ylva Thernström
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Fathers' perception of information received during their infants' stay at a neonatal intensive care unit2014Inngår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare, ISSN 1877-5756, E-ISSN 1877-5764, Vol. 5, nr 3, s. 131-136Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To explore fathers' perception of information received during their infants' care at a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: An inductive, qualitative and descriptive study. Eight fathers in two units were interviewed. The infants' gestational age at birth ranged between 23 and 36 weeks. Data were collected through semi-structured, individual interviews and were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories were identified: perception of information, perception of the source of information, and circumstances influencing the perception of information. Information had an important impact; comprehensible and adequate information increased the fathers' knowledge, which generated a sense of control. Early information about the infant's care was particularly important and positively affected father and infant bonding. Conclusion and practical implications: Ensuring a high quality of information is an important task for NICU staff. Fathers' perception of the quality of information depended on the contents of the information and how it was conveyed. Comprehensible information at the onset of the infant's hospital stay increased the fathers' sense of security, and made them feel in control. It is important that the staff strive to identify what information the father requires, and prevent situations when fathers feel uncertainty about what the staff expect from them.

  • 24.
    Namnabati, Mahboobeh
    et al.
    Isfahan Univ Med Sci, Fac Nursing & Midwifery, Nursing & Midwifery Care Res Ctr, Esfahan, Iran..
    Zamanzadeh, Vahid
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Tabriz, Iran..
    Valizadeh, Leila
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Tabriz, Iran..
    Tazakori, Zahra
    Ardabil Univ Med Sci, Fac Nursing & Midwifery, Ardebil, Iran..
    Nyqvist, Kerstin H.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Theory of Infants' Transition Management from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to Home: A Qualitative Study2017Inngår i: International Journal Of Pediatrics-Mashhad, ISSN 2345-5047, Vol. 5, nr 1, s. 4151-4162Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Infant's transition is a challenge for parents and the health system that requires ongoing assessment and management to improve each newborn's growth and development. The purpose of this study was to explore the management of infant' transition from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to home. Materials and Methods: We used a grounded theory study to explore and describe the management of infants' transition from the NICU to the home. Interviews were conducted with 31 professionals and 20 family members, and participant observations were made in hospitals, clinics, and one physician office. MAXQDA was utilized for coding and categorizing data. Results: The theory illustrated six phenomena: An unexpected separation; A crisis situation; Mother-infant rebonding; Protection of the infant's health; Promotion of growth and development; and Inadequate management causing disability. Together, these formed a three-phase process consisting of: A threat to the infant's life, Efforts to save the infant's life, and Continuation of life. Conclusion: Development of the theory of infants transition provides a three phases process (A threat to the infant's life, Efforts to save the infant's life, and Continuation of life), that can yield guidelines to manage the infant' transition in prevent mother-infant separation, support parents in their role as primary caregivers, and follow up with individual home visits by nurses.

  • 25.
    Noren, Josefine
    et al.
    Univ Hosp, Neonatal Intens Care Unit, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Forskargrupper (Inst. för kvinnor och barns hälsa), Pediatrisk inflammationsforskning.
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Forskargrupper (Inst. för kvinnor och barns hälsa), Obstetrisk och reproduktiv hälsoforskning. Lund Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Lund, Sweden.
    Blomqvist, Ylva Thernström
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Forskargrupper (Inst. för kvinnor och barns hälsa), Perinatal, neonatal och barnkardiologisk forskning. Univ Hosp, Neonatal Intens Care Unit, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Becoming a mother: Mothers' experience of Kangaroo Mother Care2018Inngår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare, ISSN 1877-5756, E-ISSN 1877-5764, Vol. 16, s. 181-185Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To describe mothers' experiences of providing their preterm infants with Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC).

    Study design: A qualitative descriptive design.

    Setting: Two level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Sweden.

    Participants: Thirteen mothers of preterm infants.

    Methods: The mothers were interviewed when their infant had reached a corrected age of 4 months +/- 2 weeks. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

    Results: The mothers described the skin-to-skin contact with, and closeness to, the preterm infant as something they valued, and involuntary physical separation as something they had to accept and adapt to. Providing the infant with breast milk by expressing and tube feeding was experienced as time-consuming and as impinging on the skin-to-skin contact.

    Conclusion: Mothers want to stay close to their preterm infant. The NICU environment and staff can facilitate KMC by providing a private space for parents and infants, and enable mothers to breastfeed and express breast milk by giving them support based on science and proven experience.

  • 26.
    Nyqvist, K H
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Early attainment of breastfeeding competence in very preterm infants2008Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 97, nr 6, s. 776-781Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To explore the development of breastfeeding capacity in very preterm infants, as an immature sucking behaviour is often mentioned as a barrier in the establishment of breastfeeding in these infants. Subjects and methods: A prospective descriptive design study in which mothers of 15 infants, born at gestational ages between 26 and 31 weeks, used the Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behaviour Scale for daily assessments of their infants' oral motor behaviour in hospital. Semi-demand feeding with prescription of a total daily volume of milk was practiced during the transition from scheduled to demand feeding. Results: Breastfeeding was initiated from a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 29 weeks. Obvious rooting, efficient areolar grasp, and repeated short sucking bursts were noted from 29 weeks, and occasional long sucking bursts and repeated swallowing from 31 weeks. The maximum number of consecutive sucks was limited to between 5 and 24 sucks, with a median of 17. Full breastfeeding was attained at a median of 35 weeks, between 32 and 38 weeks. The infants' weight gain when fully breastfed was adequate. Conclusion: Very preterm infants have the capacity for early development of oral motor competence that it sufficient for establishment of full breastfeeding at a low postmenstrual age.

  • 27.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Heberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Lack of Knowledge Persists about Early Breastfeeding Competence in Preterm Infants2013Inngår i: Journal of Human Lactation, ISSN 0890-3344, E-ISSN 1552-5732, Vol. 29, nr 3, s. 296-299Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 28.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Given the benefits of Kangaroo mother care, why has its routine uptake been so slow?2016Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 105, nr 4, s. 341-342Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 29.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Anderson, G. C.
    Bergman, N.
    Cattaneo, A.
    Charpak, N.
    Davanzo, R.
    Ewald, U.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Ibe, O.
    Ludington-Hoe, S.
    Mendoza, S.
    Pallas-Allonso, C.
    Ruiz Pelaez, J. G.
    Sizun, J.
    Widstrom, A-M
    Towards universal Kangaroo Mother Care: recommendations and report from the First European conference and Seventh International Workshop on Kangaroo Mother Care2010Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 99, nr 6, s. 820-826Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The hallmark of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is the kangaroo position: the infant is cared for skin-to-skin vertically between the mother's breasts and below her clothes, 24 h/day, with father/substitute(s) participating as KMC providers. Intermittent KMC (for short periods once or a few times per day, for a variable number of days) is commonly employed in high-tech neonatal intensive care units. These two modalities should be regarded as a progressive adaptation of the mother-infant dyad, ideally towards continuous KMC, starting gradually and progressively with intermittent KMC. The other components in KMC are exclusive breastfeeding (ideally) and early discharge in kangaroo position with strict follow-up. Current evidence allows the following general statements about KMC in affluent and low-income settings: KMC enhances bonding and attachment; reduces maternal postpartum depression symptoms; enhances infant physiologic stability and reduces pain, increases parental sensitivity to infant cues; contributes to the establishment and longer duration of breastfeeding and has positive effects on infant development and infant/parent interaction. Therefore, intrapartum and postnatal care in all types of settings should adhere to a paradigm of nonseparation of infants and their mothers/families. Preterm/low-birth-weight infants should be regarded as extero-gestational foetuses needing skin-to-skin contact to promote maturation. Conclusion: Kangaroo Mother Care should begin as soon as possible after birth, be applied as continuous skin-to-skin contact to the extent that this is possible and appropriate and continue for as long as appropriate.

  • 30.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Anderson, G. C.
    Bergman, N.
    Cattaneo, A.
    Charpak, N.
    Davanzo, R.
    Ewald, Uwe
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Ludington-Hoe, S.
    Mendoza, S.
    Pallas-Allonso, C.
    Pelaez, J. G.
    Sizun, J.
    Widström, A.-M.
    State of the art and recommendations. Kangaroo mother care: application in a high-tech environment2010Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 99, nr 6, s. 812-819Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Since Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) was developed in Colombia in the 1970s, two trends in clinical application emerged. In low income settings, the original KMC model is implemented. This consists of continuous (24 h/day, 7 days/week) and prolonged mother/parent-infant skin-to-skin contact; early discharge with the infant in the kangaroo position; (ideally) exclusive breastfeeding; and, adequate follow-up. In affluent settings, intermittent KMC with sessions of one or a few hours skin-to-skin contact for a limited period is common. As a result of the increasing evidence of the benefits of KMC for both infants and families in all intensive care settings, KMC in a high-tech environment was chosen as the topic for the first European Conference on KMC, and the clinical implementation of the KMC model in all types of settings was discussed at the 7th International Workshop on KMC. Kangaroo Mother Care protocols in high-tech Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) should specify criteria for initiation, kangaroo position, transfer to/from KMC, transport in kangaroo position, kangaroo nutrition, parents' role, modification of the NICU environment, performance of care in KMC, and KMC in case of infant instability. Conclusion: Implementation of the original KMC method, with continuous skin-to-skin contact whenever possible, is recommended for application in high-tech environments, although scientific evaluation should continue.

  • 31.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Haggkvist, Anna-Pia
    Hansen, Mette N.
    Kylberg, Elisabeth
    Frandsen, Annemi L.
    Maastrup, Ragnhild
    Ezeonodo, Aino
    Hannula, Leena
    Haiek, Laura N.
    Expansion of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding into Neonatal Intensive Care: Expert Group Recommendations2013Inngår i: Journal of Human Lactation, ISSN 0890-3344, E-ISSN 1552-5732, Vol. 29, nr 3, s. 300-309Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In the World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund document Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care, neonatal care is mentioned as 1 area that would benefit from expansion of the original Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. The different situations faced by preterm and sick infants and their mothers, compared to healthy infants and their mothers, necessitate a specific breastfeeding policy for neonatal intensive care and require that health care professionals have knowledge and skills in lactation and breastfeeding support, including provision of antenatal information, that are specific to neonatal care. Facilitation of early, continuous, and prolonged skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo mother care), early initiation of breastfeeding, and mothers' access to breastfeeding support during the infants' whole hospital stay are important. Mother's own milk or donor milk (when available) is the optimal nutrition. Efforts should be made to minimize parent-infant separation and facilitate parents' unrestricted presence with their infants. The initiation and continuation of breastfeeding should be guided only by infant competence and stability, using a semi-demand feeding regimen during the transition to exclusive breastfeeding. Pacifiers are appropriate during tube-feeding, for pain relief, and for calming infants. Nipple shields can be used for facilitating establishment of breastfeeding, but only after qualified support and attempts at the breast. Alternatives to bottles should be used until breastfeeding is well established. The discharge program should include adequate preparation of parents, information about access to lactation and breastfeeding support, both professional and peer support, and a plan for continued follow-up.

  • 32.
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa.
    Häggkvist, Anna-Pia
    Norwegian Resource Center for Breastfeeding, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Hansen, Mette N
    Norwegian Resource Center for Breastfeeding, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
    Ezeonodo, Aino
    Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit K7, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland .
    Hannula, Leena
    Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Finland.
    Maastrup, Ragnhild
    Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Haiek, Laura N
    Direction Générale de Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux in Ministére de la Santé et des Services sociaux, Quebec.
    What is the Purpose of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Wards?: Commentary to a Letter by Adik Levin in Birth, 40:2, June 2013.2013Inngår i: Birth, ISSN 0730-7659, E-ISSN 1523-536X, Vol. 40, nr 4, s. 315-316Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 33.
    Oras, Paola
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Thernström Blomqvist, Ylva
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Gradin, Maria
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Hellström-Westas, Lena
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Funkquist, Eva-Lotta
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Breastfeeding Patterns in Preterm Infants Born at 28-33 Gestational Weeks2015Inngår i: Journal of Human Lactation, ISSN 0890-3344, E-ISSN 1552-5732, Vol. 31, nr 3, s. 377-385Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Studies of breastfeeding patterns during preterm infants' first year of life are scarce but are important for providing breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants with optimal support.

    OBJECTIVE:

    This study aimed to describe breastfeeding patterns in preterm infants up to 1 year of corrected age.

    METHODS:

    As part of a larger study on kangaroo mother care in Sweden, a 24-hour breastfeeding diary was sent home after discharge from hospital, and at 2, 6, and 12 months of the infant's corrected age. Eighty-three mothers responded to the follow-up questionnaires, and the number of respondents to the breastfeeding diary was 48 at discharge, 43 at 2 months, 22 at 6 months, and 8 at 12 months. Infants were born at a median (range) gestational age of 32 (28-33) weeks. Breastfeeding patterns were analyzed according to durations, frequencies per 24 hours, and intervals between sessions.

    RESULTS:

    In exclusively breastfed infants, the median (range) breastfeeding session frequency was 14 (8-26) times per 24 hours including 4 (1-9) times per night after discharge (n = 24) and 10 (6-25) times per 24 hours including 2 (0-5) times per night at 2 months (n = 23). In partially breastfed infants, the median (range) frequency was 5 (1-14) times per 24 hours including 2 (0-4) times per night at 6 months (n = 20) and 5.5 (1-12) times per 24 hours including 2 (0-3) times per night at 12 months (n = 8).

    CONCLUSION:

    Mothers reported large variations in breastfeeding patterns, with higher median breastfeeding session frequencies than previously described in term infants in affluent settings.

  • 34.
    Oras, Paola
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Thernström Blomqvist, Ylva
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Gradin, Maria
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Hellström-Westas, Lena
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Funkquist, Eva-Lotta
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Skin-to-skin contact is associated with earlier breastfeeding attainment in preterm infants2016Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 105, nr 7, s. 783-789Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM:

    This study investigated the effects of skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding attainment, duration and infant growth in preterm infants, as this has not been sufficiently explored.

    METHODS:

    A prospective longitudinal study on Kangaroo mother care was carried out, comprising 104 infants with a gestational age of 28+0 to 33+6 and followed up to one year of corrected age. Parents and staff recorded the duration of skin-to skin contact during the stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Medical data were collected through patient records and follow-up questionnaires were filled in by parents.

    RESULTS:

    The 53 infants who attained full breastfeeding in the NICU did so at a median (range) of 35+0 (32+1 to 37+5) weeks of postmenstrual age and skin-to-skin contact was the only factor that influenced earlier attainment in the regression analysis (R(2) 0.215 p<0.001). The daily duration of skin-to-skin contact during the stay in the NICU did not affect the duration of breastfeeding or infant growth after discharge. Furthermore, infant growth was not affected by the feeding strategy of exclusive, partial breastfeeding or no breastfeeding.

    CONCLUSION:

    A longer daily duration of skin-to-skin contact in the NICU was associated with earlier attainment of exclusive breastfeeding.

  • 35. Strand, H
    et al.
    Blomqvist, Ylva Thernström
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Gradin, M
    Nyqvist, Kerstin Hedberg
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Kangaroo mother care in the neonatal intensive care unit: staff attitudes and beliefs and opportunities for parents2014Inngår i: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 103, nr 4, s. 373-378Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To compare attitudes towards Kangaroo mother care (KMC) among staff in two high-tech neonatal intensive care units, which provided parents with different opportunities to get involved in their infants' care.

    METHOD: Questionnaires were completed by healthcare staff in Unit A, which provided parents with unrestricted access so that they could provide continuous KMC, and Unit B, where parents could only practice KMC intermittently.

    RESULTS: Unit A staff were more positive about the benefits and use of KMC, including its use in unstable infants, and rated their knowledge and practical skills more highly than staff in the other unit. Unit B staff also appreciated the method, but expressed more hesitation in using it with unstable infants. In particular, they stressed the need to adapt the physical environment of the NICU to enable parents to stay with their infants and practice the method.

    CONCLUSION: Staff working in the NICU that gave parents unrestricted access were more positive about KMC than staff in the NICU that offered limited opportunities for parents to stay with their children. This finding suggests that it is important to eliminate unjustifiable obstacles to the presence of parents in the NICU, so that they can provide KMC.

  • 36.
    Thernström Blomqvist, Ylva
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Frölund, Lovisa
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Rubertsson, Christine
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Obstetrik & gynekologi.
    Hedberg Nyqvist, Kerstin
    Uppsala universitet, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, Pediatrik.
    Provision of Kangaroo Mother Care: supportive factors and barriers perceived by parents2013Inngår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 27, nr 2, s. 345-353Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Kangaroo Mother Care supports parents’ role at the neonatal intensive care unit. To enhance parents’ provision of Kangaroo Mother Care, it is essential to obtain knowledge of what parents perceive as supportive factors and barriers regarding their opportunities to perform Kangaroo Mother Care.

    Aim:

    To identify factors that parents of preterm infants perceived as supportive factors or barriers for their performance of Kangaroo Mother Care and to explore the timing of and reasons for parents’ discontinuation of Kangaroo Mother Care.

    Methods:

    A descriptive study performed at two neonatal intensive care units in Sweden with 76 mothers and 74 fathers of preterm infants born at gestational ages ranging from 28 to 33 weeks. Data on infant characteristics were obtained from the infants’ medical records. A questionnaire, based on scientific literature and the researchers’ clinical experience, was completed by the mothers and the fathers separately, shortly after the infant’s discharge from the hospital. The data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistic.

    Results:

    Four categories were identified in parents’ responses regarding support and barriers for their performance of KMC: Parent related factors, Time, Infants related factors and The NICU and home environment. The hospital staff and environment were described by the parents as both supportive and barriers for their application of Kangaroo Mother Care. Some mothers described the infants’ feeding process as an obstacle to Kangaroo Mother Care. Sleeping with the infant skin-to-skin in the same position throughout the night could be difficult, as an uncomfortable sleeping position caused insufficient sleep. A majority of both mothers and fathers continued providing their infant with Kangaroo Mother Care to some extent after discharge.

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