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  • 1.
    Fawcett, Christine
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wesevich, Victoria
    Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA.
    Truedsson, Erik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Gredebäck, Gustaf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Callous-unemotional traits affect adolescents' perception of collaboration2016In: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, ISSN 0021-9630, E-ISSN 1469-7610, Vol. 57, no 12, p. 1400-1406Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: How is the perception of collaboration influenced by individual characteristics, in particular high levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits? CU traits are associated with low empathy and endorsement of negative social goals such as dominance and forced respect. Thus, it is possible that they could relate to difficulties in interpreting that others are collaborating based on a shared goal.

    METHODS: In the current study, a community sample of 15- to 16-year olds participated in an eye tracking task measuring whether they expect that others engaged in an action sequence are collaborating, depending on the emotion they display toward each other. Positive emotion would indicate that they share a goal, while negative emotion would indicate that they hold individual goals.

    RESULTS: When the actors showed positive emotion toward each other, expectations of collaboration varied with CU traits. The higher adolescents were on CU traits, the less likely they were to expect collaboration. When the actors showed negative emotion toward each other, CU traits did not influence expectations of collaboration.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that CU traits are associated with difficulty in perceiving positive social interactions, which could further contribute to the behavioral and emotional problems common to those with high CU traits.

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  • 2.
    Thorell, Lisa B.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Executive functioning deficits in relation to symptoms of ADHD and/or ODD in preschool children2006In: Infant and Child Development, ISSN 1522-7227, E-ISSN 1522-7219, Vol. 15, no 5, p. 503-518Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study investigated the relation between executive functioning and symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in children aged 4-6. A population-based sample (n=201) was used and laboratory measures of inhibition, working memory and verbal fluency and teacher ratings of disruptive behaviour problems were collected. Both group differences and linear relations were studied and comorbidity was controlled for dimensionally. In both categorical and dimensional analyses, executive functioning was associated with symptoms of ADFID, but not with symptoms of ODD when controlling for comorbidity, and no significant interactive effects of ADHD and ODD symptoms were found. Effect sizes for significant effects were generally in the medium range. Regarding sex differences, the control for comorbid ODD symptoms appeared to affect the relation between ADHD symptoms and executive functioning somewhat more for girls compared with boys. In conclusion, poor executive functioning in preschool appears to be primarily related to symptoms of ADHD, whereas the relation to symptoms of ODD can be attributed to the large overlap between these two disruptive disorders.

  • 3.
    Truedsson, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Bohlin, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    The Specificity and Independent Contribution of Inhibition, Working Memory, and Reaction Time Variability in Relation to Symptoms of ADHD and ASD2020In: Journal of Attention Disorders, ISSN 1087-0547, E-ISSN 1557-1246, Vol. 24, no 9, p. 1266-1275Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the specificity of inhibition, working memory (WM), and reaction time variability (RTV) in relation to symptoms of ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: A community-based sample of schoolchildren aged 7 to 9 years (N = 200) completed tasks designed to measure inhibition, WM, and RTV. Results: All neuropsychological functions were related to symptoms of both ADHD and ASD. The results from regression analyses showed that inhibition and RTV were related specifically to ADHD symptoms when controlling for symptoms of ASD. Regarding WM, no specific association with either symptom domain was evident after controlling for the other. Furthermore, independent contributions of inhibition and RTV were found in relation to ADHD symptoms after controlling for ASD symptoms. Conclusion: The present study underscores the relevance of controlling for ADHD symptoms when examining ASD symptoms in relation to neuropsychological functions.

  • 4.
    Truedsson, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Fawcett, Christine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wesevich, Victoria
    Yale Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, New Haven, CT USA.
    Gredebäck, Gustaf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    The Role of Callous-Unemotional Traits on Adolescent Positive and Negative Emotional Reactivity: A Longitudinal Community-Based Study2019In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 10, article id 573Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with lower emotional reactivity in adolescents. However, since previous studies have focused mainly on reactivity to negative stimuli, it is unclear whether reactivity to positive stimuli is also affected. Further, few studies have addressed the link between CU traits and emotional reactivity in longitudinal community samples, which is important for determining its generalizability and developmental course. In the current study, pupil dilation and self-ratings of arousal and valence were assessed in 100 adolescents (15-17 years) from a community sample, while viewing images with negative and positive valence from the International Affective Pictures System (ZAPS). Behavioral traits (CU) were assessed concurrently, as well as at ages 12-15, and 8-9 (subsample, n = 68, low levels of prosocial behavior were used as a proxy for CU traits). The results demonstrate that CU traits assessed at ages 12-15 and 8-9 predicted less pupil dilation to both positive and negative images at ages 15-17. Further, CU traits at ages 12-15 and concurrently were associated with less negative valence ratings for negative images and concurrently to less positive valence ratings for positive images. The current findings demonstrate that CU traits are related to lower emotional reactivity to both negative and positive stimuli in adolescents from a community sample.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 5.
    Truedsson, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Gredebäck, Gustaf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Fawcett, Christine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Callous-Unemotional Traits Influence Pupil Dilation during Exposure to Negative Emotional Stimuli2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Truedsson, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Gredebäck, Gustaf
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Fawcett, Christine
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Using Eye-Tracking Callous-Unemotional Traits Influence Pupil Dilation During Exposure to Negative Emotional Stimuli2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Truedsson, Erik
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    The Specificity of Intraindividual Variability to Symptoms of ADHD and ASD: Results from a Longitudinal Study2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    DSM-IV Defined Inattention and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Are Those Symptoms Qualitatively Different?2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Independent Contributions and Interactions of Neuropsychological Deficits to the Explanation of ADHD symptoms2007Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Independent Contributions and Interactions of Neuropsychological Dysfunctions to the explanation of ADHD symptoms2008Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Neuropsychological Deficits in Relation to Symptoms of ADHD: Independent contributions and interactions2009In: Child Neuropsychology, ISSN 0929-7049, E-ISSN 1744-4136, Vol. 15, no 3, p. 262-279Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to investigate possible independent and combined effects of inhibitory control, delay aversion, and RT variability in relation to symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. A community-based sample of school children (N = 111) completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure inhibitory control, delay aversion, and RT variability. Behavioral symptoms were measured through parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and ODD. The results showed that inhibitory control and RT variability were primarily related to symptoms of inattention rather than hyperactivity/impulsivity. Further, out of the three neuropsychological factors studied, only inhibitory control contributed uniquely to the variance of ADHD symptoms. However, significant   interaction effects of delay aversion and RT variability on symptoms of both hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention were found. This study shows the importance of searching for possible combined effects of neuropsychological factors to learn more about the different pathways that lead to ADHD symptoms in children.

  • 12.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Specifying the Heterogeneity in Children with ADHD: Symptom Domains, Neuropsychological Processes, and Comorbidity2009Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Heterogeneity in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms is a well-known phenomenon. Empirically, this heterogeneity is evident in at least three different respects: expression of the two ADHD symptom domains (hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention), neuropsychological impairments, and comorbid behavior problems. The major aim of the present thesis was to examine the heterogeneity characterizing children with ADHD symptoms to enhance our understanding by examining neuropsychological factors with regard to common and independent contributions, and specificity of the two ADHD symptom domains in relation to neuropsychological factors and comorbid behavioral problems. Particular emphasis is placed on prominent neuropsychological processes such as executive functions, state regulation and delay aversion. The present thesis is based on findings from four studies on community-based samples of children – studies involving concurrent and longitudinal designs as well as both categorical and dimensional approaches.

    Results provide support for the notion that executive function and state regulation, but not delay aversion, constitute independent pathways to ADHD, primarily to symptoms of inattention. However, delay aversion was shown to have an effect in combination with state regulation on both hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. Additionally, symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention have different primary correlates concerning neuropsychological factors and comorbidity. More specifically, executive function, state regulation, internalizing problems and academic achievement were specifically related to inattention but not to hyperactivity/impulsivity. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) was specifically related to hyperactivity/impulsivity, but not to inattention.

    The present thesis has contributed with important and new knowledge about the heterogeneity of children with ADHD symptoms concerning neuropsychological pathways, and specificity of the two ADHD symptom domains in relation to neuropsychological factors and comorbid behavioral problems. Knowledge such as this can help us understand how to identify more homogeneous ADHD subgroups, and contribute to the further development of multiple pathway models within this area of research.

    List of papers
    1. ADHD symptoms and Executive Function Impairment: Early Predictors of Later Behavioral Problems
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>ADHD symptoms and Executive Function Impairment: Early Predictors of Later Behavioral Problems
    2008 (English)In: Developmental Neuropsychology, ISSN 8756-5641, E-ISSN 1532-6942, Vol. 33, no 2, p. 160-178Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This longitudinal study investigated ADHD symptoms and EF impairments in terms of continuity and cross-domain associations, as well as their predictive relations to a range of socioemotional problem behaviors. We applied a factorial ANOVA design to study additive and interactive effects in a sample of non-clinical preschool children (N = 87) and complemented these analyses with group contrasts. The results showed that early ADHD symptoms and EF impairments acted as predictors of continuing problems within each domain. However, it was only ADHD symptoms that predicted other aspects of socioemotional functioning such as dysfunctional emotional regulation and lower levels of social competence. There was no indication of interactive effects on any measure. In conclusion, our results showed that both ADHD symptoms and impaired EF act as early predictors of problem behaviors, although it is clear that predictions based on ADHD symptoms encompass a wider range of problems in early school age children.

    National Category
    Psychology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-97905 (URN)10.1080/87565640701884253 (DOI)000254626800004 ()18443975 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2008-12-11 Created: 2008-12-11 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
    2. Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological Pathways, Comorbidity and Symptom Domains
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological Pathways, Comorbidity and Symptom Domains
    2009 (English)In: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, ISSN 0091-0627, E-ISSN 1573-2835, Vol. 37, no 4, p. 551-564Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to investigate different neuropsychological impairments and comorbid behavioral problems in relation to symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), studying the independent effects of different functions as well as specific relations to symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. A community-based sample of school children (n∈=∈182; the higher end of the ADHD symptom range was oversampled) completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure executive function (EF), state regulation and delay aversion. Behavioral symptoms were measured through parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Both categorical and dimensional analyses were used to acquire a deeper understanding of ADHD. The results supported the notion that EF and state regulation constitute independent pathways to ADHD, primarily to symptoms of inattention. In addition, the present study points to the importance of viewing ADHD as a heterogeneous condition also with regard to the differential impact of neuropsychological functioning and comorbidity on different ADHD symptom groups and the two ADHD symptom domains.

    Keywords
    ADHD, Comorbidity, Heterogeneity, Hyperactivity, Inattention, Neuropsychological factors
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-97906 (URN)10.1007/s10802-008-9286-9 (DOI)000264879800008 ()19016322 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2008-12-11 Created: 2008-12-11 Last updated: 2022-01-28Bibliographically approved
    3. Neuropsychological Deficits in Relation to Symptoms of ADHD: Independent contributions and interactions
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Neuropsychological Deficits in Relation to Symptoms of ADHD: Independent contributions and interactions
    2009 (English)In: Child Neuropsychology, ISSN 0929-7049, E-ISSN 1744-4136, Vol. 15, no 3, p. 262-279Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to investigate possible independent and combined effects of inhibitory control, delay aversion, and RT variability in relation to symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. A community-based sample of school children (N = 111) completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure inhibitory control, delay aversion, and RT variability. Behavioral symptoms were measured through parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and ODD. The results showed that inhibitory control and RT variability were primarily related to symptoms of inattention rather than hyperactivity/impulsivity. Further, out of the three neuropsychological factors studied, only inhibitory control contributed uniquely to the variance of ADHD symptoms. However, significant   interaction effects of delay aversion and RT variability on symptoms of both hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention were found. This study shows the importance of searching for possible combined effects of neuropsychological factors to learn more about the different pathways that lead to ADHD symptoms in children.

    Keywords
    ADHD symptoms, Inhibitory control, Delay aversion, RT variability
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-97907 (URN)10.1080/09297040802524198 (DOI)000265291600005 ()19089681 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2008-12-11 Created: 2008-12-11 Last updated: 2017-12-14Bibliographically approved
    4. DSM-IV-Defined Inattention and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Independent and Interactive Relations to Neuropsychological Factors and Comorbidity
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>DSM-IV-Defined Inattention and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Independent and Interactive Relations to Neuropsychological Factors and Comorbidity
    2010 (English)In: Child Neuropsychology, ISSN 0929-7049, E-ISSN 1744-4136, Vol. 16, no 4, p. 350-365Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to investigate the independent relations of DSM-IV-defined inattention and behaviors characteristic of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) to neuropsychological factors and problem behaviors often comorbid with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). By controlling for symptoms of DSM-IV-defined inattention, unique relations to SCT could be ascertained. Additionally, interactive relations of DSM-IV-defined inattention and SCT were of interest. A community-based sample of school children (N = 209; the higher end of the ADHD-symptom range was oversampled) completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure executive function (EF), sustained attention, and state regulation. Behavioral symptoms were measured using parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). The results showed that these two domains of inattention, DSM-IV-defined inattention and SCT, have neuropsychological processes and comorbid behavioral problems in common. However, when controlling for the overlap, DSM-IV-defined inattention was uniquely related to EF and state regulation, while SCT was uniquely related to sustained attention. In addition, the results showed an interactive relation of DSM-IV-defined inattention and SCT to ODD. Findings from the present study support the notion that DSM-IV-defined inattention constitutes a somewhat heterogeneous condition. Such results can further our theoretical understanding of the neuropsychological impairments and comorbid behavioral problems associated with ADHD symptoms.

    National Category
    Psychology Psychiatry
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-97908 (URN)10.1080/09297041003671176 (DOI)000279634400004 ()
    Available from: 2008-12-11 Created: 2008-12-11 Last updated: 2017-12-14Bibliographically approved
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 13.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Berlin, L.
    Bohlin, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    ADHD, ODD and Executive Functioning Deficits in Prescool Children2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Bohlin, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    DSM-IV-Defined Inattention and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Independent and Interactive Relations to Neuropsychological Factors and Comorbidity2010In: Child Neuropsychology, ISSN 0929-7049, E-ISSN 1744-4136, Vol. 16, no 4, p. 350-365Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to investigate the independent relations of DSM-IV-defined inattention and behaviors characteristic of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) to neuropsychological factors and problem behaviors often comorbid with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). By controlling for symptoms of DSM-IV-defined inattention, unique relations to SCT could be ascertained. Additionally, interactive relations of DSM-IV-defined inattention and SCT were of interest. A community-based sample of school children (N = 209; the higher end of the ADHD-symptom range was oversampled) completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure executive function (EF), sustained attention, and state regulation. Behavioral symptoms were measured using parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). The results showed that these two domains of inattention, DSM-IV-defined inattention and SCT, have neuropsychological processes and comorbid behavioral problems in common. However, when controlling for the overlap, DSM-IV-defined inattention was uniquely related to EF and state regulation, while SCT was uniquely related to sustained attention. In addition, the results showed an interactive relation of DSM-IV-defined inattention and SCT to ODD. Findings from the present study support the notion that DSM-IV-defined inattention constitutes a somewhat heterogeneous condition. Such results can further our theoretical understanding of the neuropsychological impairments and comorbid behavioral problems associated with ADHD symptoms.

  • 15.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Bohlin, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Thorell, L. B.
    A Longitudinally Study: ADHD Symptoms and/or Executive Function Impairments in Children2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Thorell, Lisa B.
    Bohlin, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    ADHD symptoms and Executive Function Impairment: Early Predictors of Later Behavioral Problems2008In: Developmental Neuropsychology, ISSN 8756-5641, E-ISSN 1532-6942, Vol. 33, no 2, p. 160-178Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This longitudinal study investigated ADHD symptoms and EF impairments in terms of continuity and cross-domain associations, as well as their predictive relations to a range of socioemotional problem behaviors. We applied a factorial ANOVA design to study additive and interactive effects in a sample of non-clinical preschool children (N = 87) and complemented these analyses with group contrasts. The results showed that early ADHD symptoms and EF impairments acted as predictors of continuing problems within each domain. However, it was only ADHD symptoms that predicted other aspects of socioemotional functioning such as dysfunctional emotional regulation and lower levels of social competence. There was no indication of interactive effects on any measure. In conclusion, our results showed that both ADHD symptoms and impaired EF act as early predictors of problem behaviors, although it is clear that predictions based on ADHD symptoms encompass a wider range of problems in early school age children.

  • 17.
    Wåhlstedt, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Thorell, Lisa B.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Bohlin, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology.
    Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological Pathways, Comorbidity and Symptom Domains2009In: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, ISSN 0091-0627, E-ISSN 1573-2835, Vol. 37, no 4, p. 551-564Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to investigate different neuropsychological impairments and comorbid behavioral problems in relation to symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), studying the independent effects of different functions as well as specific relations to symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. A community-based sample of school children (n∈=∈182; the higher end of the ADHD symptom range was oversampled) completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure executive function (EF), state regulation and delay aversion. Behavioral symptoms were measured through parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Both categorical and dimensional analyses were used to acquire a deeper understanding of ADHD. The results supported the notion that EF and state regulation constitute independent pathways to ADHD, primarily to symptoms of inattention. In addition, the present study points to the importance of viewing ADHD as a heterogeneous condition also with regard to the differential impact of neuropsychological functioning and comorbidity on different ADHD symptom groups and the two ADHD symptom domains.

1 - 17 of 17
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