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  • 1.
    Arakelian, Erebouni
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Bergman, Antonina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Rubertsson, Sten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Mahteme, Haile
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery.
    Pulmonary influences on early postoperative recovery in patients after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy treatment2011In: Anesthesia and Analgesia, ISSN 0003-2999, E-ISSN 1526-7598Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Arakelian, Erebouni
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Education in Nursing.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Bergman, Antonina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Rubertsson, Sten
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.
    Mahteme, Haile
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery.
    Pulmonary influences on early post-operative recovery in patients after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy treatment: a retrospective study2012In: World Journal of Surgical Oncology, E-ISSN 1477-7819, Vol. 10, p. 258-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a curative treatment option for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). There have been few studies on the pulmonary adverse events (AEs) affecting patient recovery after this treatment, thus this study investigated these factors. Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2006, clinical data on all pulmonary AEs and the recovery progress were reviewed for 76 patients with after CRS and HIPEC. Patients with pulmonary interventions (thoracocenthesis and chest tubes) were compared with the non-intervention patients. Two senior radiologists, blinded to the post-operative clinical course, separately graded the occurrence of pulmonary AEs. Results: Of the 76 patients, 6 had needed thoracocentesis and another 6 needed chest tubes. There were no differences in post-operative recovery between the intervention and non-intervention groups. The total number of days on mechanical ventilation, the length of stay in the intensive care unit, total length of hospital stay, tumor burden, and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade of greater than 2 were correlated with the occurrence of atelectasis and pleural effusion. Extensive atelectasis (grade 3 or higher) was seen in six patients, major pleural effusion (grade 3) in seven patients, and signs of heart failure (grade 1-2) in nine patients. Conclusions: Clinical and radiological post-operative pulmonary AEs are common after CRS and HIPEC. However, most of the pulmonary AEs did not affect post-operative recovery.

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  • 3. Beets-Tan, Regina G. H.
    et al.
    Lambregts, Doenja M. J.
    Maas, Monique
    Bipat, Shandra
    Barbaro, Brunella
    Caseiro-Alves, Filipe
    Curvo-Semedo, Luis
    Fenlon, Helen M.
    Gollub, Marc J.
    Gourtsoyianni, Sofia
    Halligan, Steve
    Hoeffel, Christine
    Kim, Seung Ho
    Laghi, Andrea
    Maier, Andrea
    Rafaelsen, Soren R.
    Stoker, Jaap
    Taylor, Stuart A.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    Magnetic resonance imaging for the clinical management of rectal cancer patients: recommendations from the 2012 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) consensus meeting2013In: European Radiology, ISSN 0938-7994, E-ISSN 1432-1084, Vol. 23, no 9, p. 2522-2531Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To develop guidelines describing a standardised approach regarding the acquisition, interpretation and reporting of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for clinical staging and restaging of rectal cancer. A consensus meeting of 14 abdominal imaging experts from the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) was conducted following the RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Method. Two independent (non-voting) chairs facilitated the meeting. Two hundred and thirty-six items were scored by participants for appropriateness and classified subsequently as appropriate or inappropriate (defined by a parts per thousand yen 80 % consensus) or uncertain (defined by < 80 % consensus). Items not reaching 80 % consensus were noted. Consensus was reached for 88 % of items: recommendations regarding hardware, patient preparation, imaging sequences, angulation, criteria for MRI assessment and MRI reporting were constructed from these. These expert consensus recommendations can be used as clinical guidelines for primary staging and restaging of rectal cancer using MRI. These guidelines recommend standardised imaging for staging and restaging of rectal cancer. The guidelines were constructed through consensus amongst 14 abdominal imaging experts. Consensus was reached by in 88 % of 236 items discussed.

  • 4. Darkeh, M. H. S. E.
    et al.
    Suzuki, C.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    The minimum number of target lesions that need to be measured to be representative of the total number of target lesions (according to RECIST)2009In: British Journal of Radiology, ISSN 0007-1285, E-ISSN 1748-880X, Vol. 82, no 980, p. 681-6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) were introduced as a means to classify tumour response with no definition of the minimum number of lesions. This study was conducted in order to evaluate discrepancies between full assessments based on either all target lesions or fewer lesions. RECIST evaluation was performed on separate occasions based on between one and seven of the target lesions, with simultaneous assessment of non-target lesions. 99 patients were included. 38 patients demonstrated progressive disease, in 61% of whom it was a result of the appearance of new lesions or unequivocal progress in non-target lesions. 32 patients showed stable disease, with 8 having results that differed when 1-3 target lesions were measured. 22 cases were considered as having partial regression, with only 1 case differing when performing 1-3 target lesion assessments. Seven cases demonstrated complete response. The number of discordant cases increased gradually from measuring three lesions to one target lesion. The average number of available target lesions among those with discrepancies was 7.1, which was significantly higher than those demonstrating concordance (4.1 lesions; p<0.05). In conclusion, measuring fewer than four target lesions might cause discrepancies when more than five target lesions are present.

  • 5.
    Grevfors, Niklas
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Bergman, Antonina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Påhlman, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery.
    Can acute abdominal CT prioritise patients with suspected diverticulitis for a subsequent clean colonic examination?2012In: Colorectal Disease, ISSN 1462-8910, E-ISSN 1463-1318, Vol. 14, no 7, p. 893-896Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: 

    The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with diverticulitis can be prioritised with higher urgency for a subsequent full colonic examination based upon the emergency abdominal computerised tomography (CT) at the time of presentation.

    Method:

    All patients with a diagnosis of diverticulitis hospitalized during 2006 having CT on admission and a subsequent 'clean colon' examination were reviewed. The CT was reviewed by two independent and blinded senior radiologists (A and B) for signs inconsistent with diverticulitis and suggestive of malignancy. The patients were classified on CT into group 1 (normal findings, non-tumour pathology or benign polyps < 1 cm) and group 2 (benign polyps ≥ 1 cm and cancer).

    Results: 

    93 patients were reviewed with 83 in group 1and 10 in group 2. Radiologist A suggested high priority colonic examination in 18% and 50% of groups 1 and 2, and Radiologist B in 63% and 90%. There was a statically significant inter-observer difference and also lower accuracy of Radiologist B than Radiologist A in predicting a subsequent 'clean colon' examination.

    Conclusion: 

    Using an emergency acute CT scan at the time of diagnosis of diverticulitis to predict a clean colon examination for neoplasia is not reliable since there is considerable degree of inter-observer difference between rediologista.

  • 6. Latifi, Ali
    et al.
    Labruto, Fausto
    Kaiser, Sylvie
    Ullberg, Ulla
    Sundin, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Does enteral contrast increase the accuracy of appendicitis diagnosis?2011In: Radiologic Technology, ISSN 0033-8397, E-ISSN 1943-5657, Vol. 82, no 4, p. 294-299Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Several approaches traditionally have helped opacify the bowel when computed tomography (CT) is used to diagnose appendicitis. With the development of multidetector row CT (MDCT), the need for enteral contrast agents is less obvious. Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the accuracy of MDCT demonstration of appendicitis using enteral contrast agents.

    METHODS: We reviewed radiologic reports of all 246 adult patients with suspected appendicitis who underwent 16-slice MDCT during 2005-2006 at our department. The use of enteral contrast agents and the route of administration were documented by one investigator. A radiologist evaluated whether the responses in the reports were consistent with diagnosis of appendicitis. The accuracy of the radiologic reports was assessed using the results of surgery, histopathology and 3 to 21 months of follow-up.

    RESULTS: Of patients studied, 14.6% received no enteral contrast agent, 8.5% received both oral contrast and rectal contrast (enema), 46.7% received oral contrast and 30.1% received rectal contrast enemas. The accuracies for the CT diagnosis of appendicitis with different combinations of agents ranged from 95% to 100%, with no significant difference among groups.

    CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the accuracy for diagnosis of appendicitis by abdominal 16-slice MDCT is high regardless of enteral contrast use. Therefore, further use of enteral contrast agents for CT diagnosis of appendicitis in adults cannot be recommended.

  • 7. Latifi, Ali
    et al.
    Torkzad, Omid
    Labruto, Fausto
    Ullberg, Ulla
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    The accuracy of focused abdominal CT in patients presenting to the emergency department2009In: Emergency Radiology, ISSN 1070-3004, E-ISSN 1438-1435, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 209-215Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Focused computed tomography(CT) examination (FCT) is CT limited to a specific abdominal area in an attempt to reduce radiation exposure. We wanted to evaluate FCT on the basis of information from the request form and thus reduce radiation dose to the patient without missing relevant findings. We retrospectively analyzed 189 consecutive acute abdominal CT, dividing the findings as localized in the upper or lower abdomen. Another researcher blindly determined where the CT should be focused to, based only on information provided in the request form. The sensitivity and specificity of FCT in patients with symptoms from only upper abdomen was 100%. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FCT in patients with symptom from only lower abdomen were 79%, 100%, and 92%, respectively. Our study suggests that among patients with symptoms from the lower abdomen, not examining the upper abdomen would lead to missing relevant findings.

  • 8.
    Påhlman, Lars
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Rectal cancer staging: is there an optimal method?2011In: Future Oncology, ISSN 1479-6694, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 93-100Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The staging process in a newly diagnosed rectal cancer is divided into three parts. One essential part is the local staging, in which both endorectal ultrasound and MRI are used to disclose the size of the tumor and its correlation to the perirectal fascia, and to identify lymph node deposits and vascular invasion. This local staging process will guide clinicians to decide upon not only the type of surgery (local excision or radical surgery) but also whether or not some type of neoadjuvant treatment, such as radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, is indicated. The second part is to evaluate whether or not the tumor has already metastasized at diagnosis. The most important organs to evaluate are the liver and lungs, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound. CT-scan, or sometimes PET-CT, and MRI can be used. The third important part is to investigate the rest of the large bowel for synchronous adenomas or cancers. This will preferably be done with colonoscopy or CT-colonography and sometimes barium enema. This article discusses the imaging techniques used for local staging and distant metastases.

  • 9. Suzuki, Chikako
    et al.
    Jacobsson, Hans
    Hatschek, Thomas
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    Bodén, Katarina
    Eriksson-Alm, Yvonne
    Berg, Elisabeth
    Fujii, Hirofumi
    Kubo, Atsushi
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    Radiologic measurements of tumor response to treatment: practical approaches and limitations2008In: Radiographics, ISSN 0271-5333, E-ISSN 1527-1323, Vol. 28, no 2, p. 329-44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective response assessment is important to describe the treatment effect of anticancer drugs. Standardization by using a "common language" is also important for comparison of results from different trials. In contrast to clinical results, which can be subjective, diagnostic imaging provides a greater opportunity for objectivity and standardization. It was generally accepted that a decrease in tumor size correlated with treatment effect; as a result, imaging was adopted for lesion measurement in the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria in 1979. However, because of some limitations of the WHO criteria, the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) were introduced in 2000. In RECIST, imaging was recognized as indispensable for response evaluation of solid tumors. Nevertheless, the widespread use of multidetector computed tomography and other imaging innovations have made RECIST outdated, with a concomitant need for modifications. Meanwhile, newer anticancer agents with targeted mechanisms of action have demonstrated an inherent limitation and unsuitability of anatomic tumor evaluation that assesses only lesion size. In addition, the effect of these new drugs changes the paradigm according to which tumor response or response rate is measured. Complete and partial responses cannot be the end points in all clinical trials; in some cases, disease control or progression-free survival may be the more relevant end point.

  • 10. Suzuki, Chikako
    et al.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Jacobsson, Hans
    Åström, Gunnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Sundin, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Hatschek, Thomas
    Fujii, Hirofumi
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    Interobserver and intraobserver variability in the response evaluation of cancer therapy according to RECIST and WHO-criteria2010In: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 49, no 4, p. 509-514Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) and WHO-criteria are used to evaluate treatment effects in clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to examine interobserver and intraobserver variations in radiological response assessment using these criteria.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients were eligible. Each patient's series of CT images were reviewed. Each patient was classified into one of four categories according RECIST and WHO-criteria. To examine interobserver variation, response classifications were independently obtained by two radiologists. One radiologist repeated the procedure on two additional different occasions to examine intraobserver variation. Kappa statistics was applied to examine agreement.

    RESULTS: Interobserver variation using RECIST and WHO-criteria were 0.53 (95% CI 0.33-0.72) and 0.60 (0.39-0.80), respectively. Response rates (RR) according to RECIST obtained by reader A and reader B were 33% and 21%, respectively. RR according to WHO-criteria obtained by reader A and reader B were 33% and 23% respectively. Intraobserver variation using RECIST and WHO-criteria ranged between 0.76-0.96 and 0.86-0.91, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Radiological tumor response evaluation according to RECIST and WHO-criteria are subject to considerable inter- and intraobserver variability. Efforts are necessary to reduce inconsistencies from current response evaluation criteria.

  • 11. Suzuki, Chikako
    et al.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    Tanaka, Soichi
    Palmer, Gabriella
    Lindholm, Johan
    Holm, Torbjörn
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    The importance of rectal cancer MRI protocols on interpretation accuracy2008In: World Journal of Surgical Oncology, E-ISSN 1477-7819, Vol. 6, p. 89-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for preoperative local staging in patients with rectal cancer. Our aim was to retrospectively study the effects of the imaging protocol on the staging accuracy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: MR-examinations of 37 patients with locally advanced disease were divided into two groups; compliant and noncompliant, based on the imaging protocol, without knowledge of the histopathological results. A compliant rectal cancer imaging protocol was defined as including T2-weighted imaging in the sagittal and axial planes with supplementary coronal in low rectal tumors, alongside a high-resolution plane perpendicular to the rectum at the level of the primary tumor. Protocols not complying with these criteria were defined as noncompliant. Histopathological results were used as gold standard. RESULTS: Compliant rectal imaging protocols showed significantly better correlation with histopathological results regarding assessment of anterior organ involvement (sensitivity and specificity rates in compliant group were 86% and 94%, respectively vs. 50% and 33% in the noncompliant group). Compliant imaging protocols also used statistically significantly smaller voxel sizes and fewer number of MR sequences than the noncompliant protocols CONCLUSION: Appropriate MR imaging protocols enable more accurate local staging of locally advanced rectal tumors with less number of sequences and without intravenous gadolinium contrast agents.

  • 12. Syk, Erik
    et al.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    Nilsson, Per J.
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    Local recurrence in rectal cancer: anatomic localization and effect on radiation target2008In: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, ISSN 0360-3016, E-ISSN 1879-355X, Vol. 72, no 3, p. 658-64Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: To determine the sites of local recurrence after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in an effort to optimize the radiation target. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 155 patients with recurrence after abdominal resection for rectal cancer were identified from a population-based consecutive cohort of 2,315 patients who had undergone surgery by surgeons trained in the total mesorectal excision procedure. A total of 99 cross-sectional imaging studies were retrieved and re-examined by one radiologist. The clinical records were examined for the remaining patients. RESULTS: Evidence of residual mesorectal fat was identified in 50 of the 99 patients. In 83 patients, local recurrence was identified on the imaging studies. All recurrences were within the irradiated volume if the patients had undergone preoperative radiotherapy or within the same volume if they had not. The site of recurrence was in the lower 75% of the pelvis, anatomically below the S1-S2 interspace for all patients. Only 5 of the 44 recurrences in patients with primary tumors >5 cm from the anal verge were in the lowest 20% of the pelvis. Six recurrences involved the lateral lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that a lowering of the upper limit of the clinical target volume could be introduced. The anal sphincter complex with surrounding tissue could also be excluded in patients with primary tumors >5 cm from the anal verge.

  • 13. Taylor, Fiona G M
    et al.
    Quirke, Philip
    Heald, Richard J
    Moran, Brendan
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    Swift, Ian
    Sebag-Montefiore, David J
    Tekkis, Paris
    Brown, Gina
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can identify good prognosis stage I, II, and III rectal cancer best managed by surgery alone: a prospective, multicenter, European study2011In: Annals of Surgery, ISSN 0003-4932, E-ISSN 1528-1140, Vol. 253, no 4, p. 711-719Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To assess local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-predicted good prognosis tumors treated by surgery alone.

    BACKGROUND: The MERCURY study reported that high-resolution MRI can accurately stage rectal cancer. The routine policy in most centers involved in the MERCURY study was primary surgery alone in MRI-predicted stage II or less and in MRI "good prognosis" stage III with selective avoidance of neoadjuvant therapy.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively on all patients included in the MERCURY study who were staged as MRI-defined "good" prognosis tumors. "Good" prognosis included MRI-predicted safe circumferential resection margins, with MRI-predicted T2/T3a/T3b (less than 5 mm spread from muscularis propria), regardless of MRI N stage. None received preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and local recurrence were calculated.

    RESULTS: Of 374 patients followed up in the MERCURY study, 122 (33%) were defined as "good prognosis" stage III or less on MRI. Overall and disease-free survival for all patients with MRI "good prognosis" stage I, II and III disease at 5 years was 68% and 85%, respectively. The local recurrence rate for this series of patients predicted to have a good prognosis tumor on MRI was 3%.

    CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative identification of good prognosis tumors using MRI will allow stratification of patients and better targeting of preoperative therapy. This study confirms the ability of MRI to select patients who are likely to have a good outcome with primary surgery alone.

  • 14.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Abdominal and Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the New Frontiers2012In: Current Medical Imaging Reviews, ISSN 1573-4056, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 75-75Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Nyheter inom lever-MRT2011Other (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Torkzad, Michael R
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Ahlström, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Karlbom, Urban
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery.
    Comparison of different magnetic resonance imaging sequences for assessment of fistula-in-ano2014In: World Journal of Radiology, ISSN 1949-8470, E-ISSN 1949-8470, Vol. 6, no 5, p. 203-209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM:

    To assess agreement between different forms of T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), and post-contrast T1WI in the depiction of fistula tracts, inflammation, and internal openings with that of a reference test.

    METHODS:

    Thirty-nine consecutive prospective cases were enrolled. The following sequences were used for T2WI: 2D turbo-spin-echo (2D T2 TSE); 3D T2 TSE; short tau inversion recovery (STIR); 2D T2 TSE with fat saturation performed in all patients. T1WI were either a 3D T1-weighted prepared gradient echo sequence with fat saturation or a 2D T1 fat saturation [Spectral presaturation with inversion (SPIR)]. Agreement for each sequence for determination of fistula extension, internal openings, and the presence of active inflammation was assessed separately and blindly against a reference test comprised of follow-up, surgery, endoscopic ultrasound, and assessment by an independent experienced radiologist with access to all images.

    RESULTS:

    Fifty-six fistula tracts were found: 2 inter-sphincteric, 13 trans-sphincteric, and 24 with additional tracts. The best T2 weighted sequence for depiction of fistula tracts was 2D T2 TSE (Cohen's kappa = 1.0), followed by 3D T2 TSE (0.88), T2 with fat saturation (0.54), and STIR (0.19). Internal openings were best seen on 2D T2 TSE (Cohen's kappa = 0.88), followed by 3D T2 TSE (0.70), T2 with fat saturation (0.54), and STIR (0.31). Detection of inflammation showed Cohen's kappa of 0.88 with 2D T2 TSE, 0.62 with 3D T2 TSE, 0.63 with STIR, and 0.54 with T2 with fat saturation. STIR, 3D T2 TSE, and T2 with fat saturation did not make any contributions compared to 2D T2 TSE. Post-contrast 3D T1 weighted prepared gradient echo sequence with fat saturation showed better agreement in the depiction of fistulae (Cohen's kappa = 0.94), finding internal openings (Cohen's kappa = 0.97), and evaluating inflammation (Cohen's kappa = 0.94) compared to post-contrast 2D T1 fat saturation or SPIR where the corresponding figures were 0.71, 0.66, and 0.87, respectively. Comparing the best T1 and T2 sequences showed that, for best results, both sequences were necessary.

    CONCLUSION:

    3D T1 weighted sequences were best for the depiction of internal openings and active inflammatory components, while 2D T2 TSE provided the best assessment of fistula extension.

  • 17.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    Bremme, Katarina
    Hellgren, Margareta
    Eriksson, Maria J.
    Hagman, Anna
    Jörgensen, Trine
    Lund, Kent
    Sandgren, Gunnel
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    Kälebo, Peter
    Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in diagnosis of pelvic vein thrombosis during pregnancy2010In: Thrombosis Research, ISSN 0049-3848, E-ISSN 1879-2472, Vol. 126, no 2, p. 107-112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Pelvic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is difficult to diagnose during pregnancy. In a two-center trial, we evaluated the agreement between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing the extent of DVT into the pelvic veins during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant women with proximal DVT were examined both with ultrasound and MRI as part of a study designed for treatment of DVT during pregnancy. Ultrasound was performed using color flow by specialist in vascular ultrasound with Doppler and compression techniques. The MRI sequences consisted of a 2D Time of Flight angiography with arterial flow suppression and maximum intensity projection reconstructions; a 3D, T1-w-prepared gradient echo sequence with fat saturation for thrombus imaging; a steady-state free precession sequence; and a Turbo-Spin-Echo. No contrast agent was used. Proportion of agreement (kappa) for detection of DVT in individual veins was measured for different ipsilateral veins and inferior vena cava. RESULTS: All 27 patients were imaged with both techniques at an average gestational age of 29 weeks (range 23-39). Three cases (11.5%) of DVT in the pelvic veins were missed on ultrasound but detected by MRI. The upper limit of the DVT was always depicted at a higher (20 cases, 65.4%) or the same level (seven cases, 34.6%) on MRI than on ultrasound. Agreement expressed as kappa was 0.33 (95% CI 0.27-0.40) demonstrating only fair agreement. In one woman the thrombus had propagated into the inferior vena cava, shown only on MRI. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that in pregnant women there is only fair agreement between ultrasound and MRI for determination of extent of DVT into pelvic veins, with MRI showing consistently more detailed depiction of extension. Our results indicate that MRI has an important role as a complementary technique in the diagnosis of DVT during pregnancy.

  • 18.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    Hansson, Karl A.
    Lindholm, Johan
    Martling, Anna
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    Significance of mesorectal volume in staging of rectal cancer with magnetic resonance imaging and the assessment of involvement of the mesorectal fascia2007In: European Radiology, ISSN 0938-7994, E-ISSN 1432-1084, Vol. 17, no 7, p. 1694-1699Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to study the influence of mesorectal volume, as estimated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), that is to be removed during total mesorectal excision (TME), on the accuracy of the first preoperative MRI of rectal cancer compared to histopathology, and its correlation to locoregional prognostic factors. A total of 267 rectal cancer patients from a multinational study (MERCURY or MRI equivalence study) had their mesorectal volume retrospectively estimated by researchers without knowledge of the assessments made by the radiologist or the pathologist. The evaluations made by the pathologist and the radiologist were then compared, including T- and N-staging, assessment of extent of extramural tumor invasion (the largest portion of the tumor beyond the muscularis propria or EMI) and distance to mesorectal fascia; the discrepancies in the results were correlated to the mesorectal volume. T- or N-staging accuracy by MRI and the difference between the EMI as measured by the pathologist and the radiologist were not dependent on individual mesorectal volume. There was no correlation between assessment of involvement of mesorectal fascia or local neighboring organs by MRI and histopathology with mesorectal volume. Mesorectal volume does not affect locoregional prognostic factors or the accuracy of local staging of rectal cancer.

  • 19.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Karlsson, Urban
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery.
    MRI for assessment of anal fistula2010In: Insights into imaging, ISSN 1869-4101, Vol. 1, no 2, p. 62-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best imaging modality for preoperative assessment of patients with anal fistula. MRI helps to accurately demonstrate disease extension and predict prognosis. This in turn helps make therapy decisions and monitor therapy. The pertinent anatomy, fistula classification and MRI findings will be discussed.

  • 20.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    Lauenstein, Thomas C.
    Enterclysis versus enterography: the unsettled issue2009In: European Radiology, ISSN 0938-7994, E-ISSN 1432-1084, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 90-91; discussion 92Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    Lindholm, Johan
    Martling, Anna
    Cedermark, Björn
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    MRI after preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer; correlation with histopathology and the role of volumetry.2007In: European Radiology, ISSN 0938-7994, E-ISSN 1432-1084, Vol. 17, no 6, p. 1566-1573Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective is to assess if tumor size after radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer can be assessed by a second magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), after radiotherapy prior to surgery and to correlate changes observed on MRI with findings at histopathology at surgery. Twenty-five patients with MRI before and after radiotherapy were included. Variables studied were changes in tumor size, T-staging and distance to the circumferential resection margin (CRM). RVs was measured as tumor volume at surgery (Vs) divided by tumor volume at the initial MRI (Vi) in percent. RVm was defined as the tumor volume at the second MRI (Vm) divided by Vi in percent. The ypT-stage was the same or more favorable than the initial MRI T-stage in 24 of 25 patients. The second MRI was not more accurately predictive than the initial MRI for ypT-staging or distance to CRM (p > 0.05). Vm correlated significantly to Vs, as did RVs to RVm, although the former was always smaller than the latter. Vm and RVm correlated well with ypT-stage (p < 0.001). Volumetry seems to correlate with ypT-stage after preoperative radiotherapy for resectable rectal cancer. The value of a second MRI after radiotherapy for assessment of distance to CRM and ypT-staging is, however, not apparent.

  • 22.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology.
    Masselli, Gabriele
    Sapienza Univ, Umberto Hosp 1, Dept Radiol, Rome, Italy..
    Halligan, Steve
    UCL, Ctr Med Imaging, London, England..
    Oto, Aytek
    Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA..
    Neubauer, Henning
    Univ Hosp Wuerzburg, Dept Paediat Radiol, Wurzburg, Germany..
    Taylor, Stuart
    UCL, Ctr Med Imaging, London, England..
    Gupta, Arun
    St Marks Hosp, Intestinal Imaging, Harrow, Middx, England..
    Frokjaer, Jens Brondum
    Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Aalborg, Denmark..
    Lawrance, Ian C.
    Univ Western Australia, Sch Med & Pharmacol, Fremantle, WA, Australia.;Fremantle Hosp, Ctr Inflammatory Bowel Dis, Fremantle, WA, Australia..
    Welman, Christopher J.
    Fremantle Hosp, Dept Radiol, Fremantle, WA, Australia..
    Negard, Anne
    Akershus Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Abdominal & Childrens Radiol, Lorenskog, Norway..
    Ekberg, Olle
    Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci Med Radiol, Malmö, Sweden.;Lund Univ, Diagnost Ctr Imaging & Funct Med, Skane Univ Hosp, Malmö, Sweden..
    Patak, Michael
    Klin Hirslanden, Witellikerstr 40, Zurich, Austria..
    Lauenstein, Thomas
    Univ Hosp Essen, Dept Diagnost & Intervent Radiol & Neuroradiol, Essen, Germany..
    Indications and selection of MR enterography vs. MR enteroclysis with emphasis on patients who need small bowel MRI and general anaesthesia: results of a survey2015In: Insight into Imaging, ISSN 1869-4101, E-ISSN 1869-4101, Vol. 6, no 3, p. 339-346Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims To survey the perceived indications for magnetic resonance imaging of the small bowel (MRE) by experts, when MR enteroclysis (MREc) or MR enterography (MREg) may be chosen, and to determine how the approach to MRE is modified when general anaesthesia (GA) is required. Materials and methods Selected opinion leaders in MRE completed a questionnaire that included clinical indications (MREg or MREc), specifics regarding administration of enteral contrast, and how the technique is altered to accommodate GA. Results Fourteen responded. Only the diagnosis and follow-up of Crohn's disease were considered by over 80 % as a valid MRE indication. The remaining indications ranged between 35.7 % for diagnosis of caeliac disease and unknown sources of gastrointestinal bleeding to 78.6 % for motility disorders. Themajority chose MREg over MREc for all indications (from 100 % for follow-up of caeliac disease to 57.7 % for tumour diagnosis). Fifty per cent of responders had needed to consider MRE under GA. The most commonly recommended procedural change was MRI without enteral distention. Three had experience with intubation under GA (MREc modification). Conclusion Views were variable. Requests for MRE under GA are not uncommon. Presently most opinion leaders suggest standard abdominal MRI when GA is required. Main messages Experts are using MRE for various indications. Requests for MRE under general anaesthesia are not uncommon. Some radiologists employ MREc under general anaesthesia; others do not distend the small bowel.

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  • 23.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Norén, Agneta
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Upper Abdominal Surgery.
    Kullberg, Joel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Stereology: a novel technique for rapid assessment of liver volume2012In: Insight into Imaging, ISSN 1869-4101, E-ISSN 1869-4101, Vol. 3, no 4, p. 387-393Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    The purpose of this study was to test the stereology method using several grid sizes for measuring liver volume and to find which grid provides an accurate estimate of liver volume.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:

    Liver volume was measured by volumetry in 41 sets of liver MRI. MRI was performed before and after different weight-reducing regimens. Grids of 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm were used to measure liver volume on different occasions by stereology. The liver volume and the changes in volume before and after treatment were compared between stereology and volumetry.

    RESULTS:

    There was no significant difference in measurements between stereology methods and volumetry (p > 0.05). The mean differences in liver volume between stereology based on 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-cm grids and volumetry were 37, 3, 132, and 23 mL, respectively, and the differences in measurement of liver volume change were 21, 2, 19, and 76 mL, respectively. The mean time required for measurement by stereology was 59-190 s.

    CONCLUSION:

    Stereology employing 3- and 4-cm grids can rapidly provide accurate results for measuring liver volume and changes in liver volume.

    MAIN MESSAGES:

    • Statistical methods can be used for measuring area/volume in radiology.

    • Measuring liver volume by stereology by 4-cm grids can be done in less than two minutes.

    • Follow-up of liver volume is highly accurate with stereological methods.

  • 24.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Påhlman, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery.
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Oncology.
    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer: a comprehensive review2010In: Insight into Imaging, ISSN 1869-4101, E-ISSN 1869-4101, Vol. 1, no 4, p. 245-267Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has established itself as the primary method for local staging in patients with rectal cancer. This is due to several factors, most importantly because of the ability to assess the status of circumferential resection margin. There are several newer developments being introduced continuously, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and imaging with 3 T. Assessment of loco-regional lymph nodes has also been investigated extensively using different approaches, but more work needs to be done. Finally, evaluation of tumours during or after preoperative treatment is becoming an everyday reality. All these new aspects prompt a review of the most recent advances and opinions. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the current status of MRI in the loco-regional assessment and management of rectal cancer is presented. The findings on MRI and their accuracy are reviewed based on the most up-to-date evidence. Optimisation of MRI acquisition and relevant regional anatomy are also presented, based on published literature and our own experience.

  • 25.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    Suzuki, C.
    Tanaka, S.
    Palmer, G.
    Holm, T.
    Blomqvist, L.
    Morphological assessment of the interface between tumor and neighboring tissues, by magnetic resonance imaging, before and after radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer2008In: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987), ISSN 1600-0455, Vol. 49, no 10, p. 1099-103Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer is sometimes performed after radiotherapy (MRI 2) to evaluate tumor response and to choose alternative forms of surgery. The accuracy of MRI 2 in distinguishing tumor delineation might be difficult due to fibrosis. PURPOSE: To evaluate the morphological changes in the interface between the tumor and neighboring organs on MRI 2 performed after radiotherapy, and to assess the accuracies of MRI before and after radiotherapy compared to histopathology after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with locally advanced primary rectal cancer, with MRI before and after radiotherapy, were retrospectively studied, concerning the interface between the tumor and neighboring structures. The accuracies of MRI before and after radiotherapy were compared based on histopathology as a reference. RESULTS: The accuracies of both MRI before and after radiotherapy were moderate, with no additional value of MRI after radiotherapy compared to MRI before radiotherapy. The most predictive form of interface for involvement of a neighboring organ after radiotherapy was nodular growth of the tumor into a neighboring structure. CONCLUSION: The morphological assessment of pelvic MRI after preoperative radiotherapy does not provide any significant new information about tumor extent in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

  • 26.
    Torkzad, Michael R
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Ullberg, Ulla
    Nyström, Niklas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatrics.
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    Hellström, Per M.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Fagerberg, Ulrika L
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Manifestations of small bowel disease in pediatric Crohn's disease on magnetic resonance enterography2012In: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, ISSN 1078-0998, E-ISSN 1536-4844, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 520-528Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    We report the manifestations of Crohn's disease (CD) observed on magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in a pediatric population at the time of CD diagnosis.

    METHODS:

    MRE of 95 consecutive pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) examined in 2006-2009 were retrospectively analyzed, with documentation of findings based on type and location of the small bowel (SB) disease.

    RESULTS:

    In all, 51 were boys and 44 girls. 54 had CD, 31 non-CD IBD, and 10 no IBD. The most common site of SB involvement in CD was the terminal ileum seen in 29 (53.7%) patients, followed by ileum in 10 (18.5%) and jejunum in 9 (16.7%) patients. Solitary jejunal inflammation (3.7%), SB stenoses (1.9%), fistula formation (0.95%), and abscess (0.95%) were much less common. Perienteric lymphadenopathy was seen in 30 (55.6%) patients and fatty proliferation in 9 (16.7%). The most common manifestation of SB inflammation was increased contrast enhancement of bowel wall (93.5%), thickening of the bowel wall (90.3%), and derangement of bowel shape with saccular formations (25.8%).

    CONCLUSIONS:

    MRE in the pediatric population often demonstrates increased contrast uptake, bowel wall thickening, and perienteral lymphadenopathy in CD. More chronic small bowel changes seen commonly in adults and solitary jejunal involvements are less commonly seen.

  • 27.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Radiology.
    Vargas, Roberto
    Tanaka, Chikako
    Blomqvist, Lennart
    Value of cine MRI for better visualization of the proximal small bowel in normal individuals2007In: European Radiology, ISSN 0938-7994, E-ISSN 1432-1084, Vol. 17, no 11, p. 2964-2968Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While enteroclysis seems to be the most efficacious method in achieving bowel distension, enterographic methods have become widespread due to the unpleasantness of enteroclysis and the radiation involved with positioning the catheter. Cine images in MRI can be done without radiation. Our aim is to see if and how cine MR imaging can improve visualization of bowel loops by capturing them while distended. Ten healthy individuals were asked to drink up to 2,000 ml of an oral solution made locally over a 60-min period. Then they underwent MRI using coronal balanced fast field echo (b-FFE) covering small bowel loops. If the initial exam revealed collapsed bowel loops an additional 50 mg of erythromycine was given intravenously with the subject still in the scanner and then cine imaging was performed. The degree of distension of different segments of the small bowel was measured before and after cine imaging and compared. The distension score was significantly higher after addition of the cine images as well, being only significant for depiction of the duodenum and jejunum. Our preliminary study suggests that cine MRI can give better image depiction of the proximal small bowel in healthy volunteers, perhaps circumventing the need for enteroclysis in some cases. There is a need for validation of these results in patients with small bowel disease.

  • 28.
    Torkzad, Michael R.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Wikström, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Hansen, Tomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Bergman, Antonina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Bjerner, Tomas
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    Ahlström, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Radiology.
    The Clinical Perspective on Value of 3D, Thin Slice T2-Weighted Images in 3T Pelvic MRI for Tumors2012In: Current Medical Imaging Reviews, ISSN 1573-4056, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 76-81(6)Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pelvic imaging is undergoing rapid changes due to increased use of 3-Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (3T MRI). One of the advantages of 3T could be the possibility for thin section 3-dimensional (3D) imaging which could improve accuracy and at the same time reduce the need for multi-planar imaging needed for conventional T2 imaging (TSE). In the following text we review the advantages of 3D thin section imaging for assessment of pelvic tumors.

1 - 28 of 28
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