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  • 1. Ajitha, D
    et al.
    Wierzbowska, M
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry.
    Malmqvist, P A
    Spin-orbit ab initio study of alkyl halide dissociation via electronic curve crossing2004In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 121, no 12, p. 5761-5766Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An ab initio study of the role of electronic curve crossing in the photodissociation dynamics of the alkyl halides is presented. Recent experimental studies show that curve crossing plays a deterministic role in deciding the channel of dissociation. Coupled repulsive potential energy curves of the low-lying n-sigma* states are studied including spin-orbit and relativistic effects. Basis set including effect of core correlation is used. Ab initio vertical excitation spectra of CH3I and CF3I are in agreement with the experimental observation. The curve crossing region is around 2.371 Angstrom for CH3I and CF3I. The potential curves of the repulsive excited states have larger slope for CF3I, suggesting a higher velocity and decreased intersystem crossing probability on fluorination. We also report the potential curves and the region of curve crossing for CH3Br and CH3Cl.

  • 2. Al-Abdalla, A
    et al.
    Barandiaran, Z
    Seijo, L
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Ab initio model potential embedded-cluster study of the ground and lowest excited states of Cr3+ defects in the elpasolites Cs2NaYCl6 and Cs2NaYBr61998In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 108, p. 2005-2014Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we present the results of an ab initio model potential (AIMP) embedded-cluster study of the ground and lowest excited states of Cr3+ defects in the elpasolites Cs2NaYCl6 and Cs2NaYBr6; complete active space SCF (CASSCF) and averaged coupled-pair functional (ACPF) calculations are performed on CrCl63- and CrBr63- clusters embedded in ab initio model potential representations of the surrounding lattices Cs2NaYCl6 and Cs2NaYBr6. The experimental structural data are revisited and some new results are found which differ significantly from those available in the literature. The calculated local structure parameters and electronic transition energies which can be compared to experiments are found to be very good; new structural and spectroscopic results are produced which have been neither measured nor calculated, which are complementary to the available ones, and whose quality is expected to be high as well. In particular, the question of the competition of the excited-state absorptions with the potential vibronic laser emission has been adressed: A considerable overlap between the broad E-2(g) –> (2)A(1g) excited-state absorption and (4)A(2g) <– T-4(2g) emission bands is predicted in both materials, which must result in a reduction in the emission efficiency. Finally, it is shown that the quantum mechanical embedding effects due to the fact that the external Cs+, Na+, Y3+, Cl-, and Br- ions are not point charges, are non-negligible; lacking of these effects must be one of the reasons which make previous Density Functional Theory calculations show significantly larger discrepancies with the available experiments.

  • 3. Andrews, Lester
    et al.
    Wang, Xuefeng
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Roos, Bjoern O
    Marsden, Colin J.
    Simple N UF3 and P UF3 molecules with triple bonds to uranium2008In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, E-ISSN 1521-3773, Vol. 47, no 29, p. 5366-5370Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL, Theory & Simulat Mat THEOS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.;Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL, Natl Ctr Computat Design & Discovery Novel Mat MA, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland..
    Autschbach, Jochen
    SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA..
    Baiardi, Alberto
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Battaglia, Stefano
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Borin, Veniamin A.
    Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Chem, Fritz Haber Ctr Mol Dynam Res, IL-9190401 Jerusalem, Israel..
    Chibotaru, Liviu F.
    Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium..
    Conti, Irene
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Ind Toso Montanari, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy..
    De Vico, Luca
    Univ Siena, Dipartimento Biotecnol Chim & Farm, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy..
    Delcey, Mickael G
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Fernández Galván, Ignacio
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Ferre, Nicolas
    Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Inst Chim Radicalaire, Marseille, France..
    Freitag, Leon
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Garavelli, Marco
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Ind Toso Montanari, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy..
    Gong, Xuejun
    Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, 3 Sci Dr 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore..
    Knecht, Stefan
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Larsson, Ernst D.
    Lund Univ, Div Theoret Chem, POB 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Lundberg, Marcus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Malmqvist, Per Ake
    Lund Univ, Div Theoret Chem, POB 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Nenov, Artur
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Ind Toso Montanari, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy..
    Norell, Jesper
    Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Odelius, Michael
    Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Olivucci, Massimo
    Univ Siena, Dipartimento Biotecnol Chim & Farm, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.;Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Chem, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA..
    Pedersen, Thomas B.
    Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Hylleraas Ctr Quantum Mol Sci, POB 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway..
    Pedraza-Gonzalez, Laura
    Univ Siena, Dipartimento Biotecnol Chim & Farm, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy..
    Phung, Quan M.
    Nagoya Univ, Inst Transformat Biomol WPI ITbM, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan..
    Pierloot, Kristine
    Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium..
    Reiher, Markus
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Schapiro, Igor
    Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Chem, Fritz Haber Ctr Mol Dynam Res, IL-9190401 Jerusalem, Israel..
    Segarra-Marti, Javier
    Imperial Coll London, Dept Chem, Mol Sci Res Hub, White City Campus,80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, England..
    Segatta, Francesco
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Ind Toso Montanari, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy..
    Seijo, Luis
    Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Quim, Inst Univ Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, Madrid 28049, Spain.;Univ Autonoma Madrid, Condensed Matter Phys Ctr IFIMAC, Madrid 28049, Spain..
    Sen, Saumik
    Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Chem, Fritz Haber Ctr Mol Dynam Res, IL-9190401 Jerusalem, Israel..
    Sergentu, Dumitru-Claudiu
    SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA..
    Stein, Christopher J.
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Ungur, Liviu
    Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, 3 Sci Dr 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore..
    Vacher, Morgane
    Univ Nantes, Lab CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, F-44300 Nantes, France..
    Valentini, Alessio
    Univ Liege, Res Unit MolSys, Theoret Phys Chem, Allee 6 Aout 11, B-4000 Liege, Belgium..
    Veryazov, Valera
    Lund Univ, Div Theoret Chem, POB 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Modern quantum chemistry with [Open]Molcas2020In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 152, no 21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    MOLCAS/OpenMolcas is an ab initio electronic structure program providing a large set of computational methods from Hartree-Fock and density functional theory to various implementations of multiconfigurational theory. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the main features of the code, specifically reviewing the use of the code in previously reported chemical applications as well as more recent applications including the calculation of magnetic properties from optimized density matrix renormalization group wave functions.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 5.
    Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim G Ciamician, Via Selmi 2, IT-40126 Bologna, Italy..
    Autschbach, Jochen
    SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA..
    Carlson, Rebecca K.
    Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Chibotaru, Liviu F.
    Katholieke Univ Leuven, Div Quantum & Phys Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.;Katholieke Univ Leuven, INPAC, Inst Nanoscale Phys & Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium..
    Delcey, Mickael G.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    De Vico, Luca
    Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, Univ Pk 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark..
    Fernández Galván, Ignacio
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Ferre, Nicolas
    Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, Inst Chim Radicalaire, Campus Etoile St Jerome Case 521,Ave Esc, F-13397 Marseille 20, France..
    Frutos, Luis Manuel
    Univ Alcala De Henares, Unidad Docente Quim Fis, E-28871 Madrid, Spain..
    Gagliardi, Laura
    Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Garavelli, Marco
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim G Ciamician, Via Selmi 2, IT-40126 Bologna, Italy.;Univ Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, 46 Allee Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France..
    Giussani, Angelo
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim G Ciamician, Via Selmi 2, IT-40126 Bologna, Italy..
    Hoyer, Chad E.
    Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Li Manni, Giovanni
    Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany..
    Lischka, Hans
    Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Mem Circle & Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.;Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem, Wahringerstr 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria..
    Ma, Dongxia
    Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany..
    Malmqvist, Per Ake
    Lund Univ, Ctr Chem, Dept Theoret Chem, POB 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Mueller, Thomas
    Forschungszentrum Julich, IAS, JSC, Wilhelm Johnen Str, D-52425 Julich, Germany..
    Nenov, Artur
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim G Ciamician, Via Selmi 2, IT-40126 Bologna, Italy..
    Olivucci, Massimo
    Univ Siena, Dept Biotechnol Chem & Pharm, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.;Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Chem, 141 Overman Hall, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA.;Univ Strasbourg, Inst Phys & Chim Mat Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 Rue Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France.;Univ Strasbourg, Labex NIE, CNRS, UMR 7504, 23 Rue Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France.;Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Chem, Fritz Haber Ctr Mol Dynam, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel..
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Ctr Theoret & Computat Chem, POB 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway..
    Peng, Daoling
    S China Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Environm, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China..
    Plasser, Felix
    Univ Vienna, Inst Theoret Chem, Wahringerstr 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria..
    Pritchard, Ben
    SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA..
    Reiher, Markus
    ETH, Phys Chem Lab, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    Rivalta, Ivan
    Univ Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, 46 Allee Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France..
    Schapiro, Igor
    Univ Strasbourg, Inst Phys & Chim Mat Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 Rue Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France.;Univ Strasbourg, Labex NIE, CNRS, UMR 7504, 23 Rue Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France..
    Segarra-Marti, Javier
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim G Ciamician, Via Selmi 2, IT-40126 Bologna, Italy..
    Stenrup, Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Truhlar, Donald G.
    Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Ungur, Liviu
    Katholieke Univ Leuven, Div Quantum & Phys Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.;Katholieke Univ Leuven, INPAC, Inst Nanoscale Phys & Chem, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium..
    Valentini, Alessio
    Univ Siena, Dept Biotechnol Chem & Pharm, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy..
    Vancoillie, Steven
    Lund Univ, Ctr Chem, Dept Theoret Chem, POB 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Veryazov, Valera
    Lund Univ, Ctr Chem, Dept Theoret Chem, POB 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Vysotskiy, Victor P.
    Lund Univ, Ctr Chem, Dept Theoret Chem, POB 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Weingart, Oliver
    Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Theoret Chem & Computerchem, Univ Str 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany..
    Zapata, Felipe
    Univ Alcala De Henares, Unidad Docente Quim Fis, E-28871 Madrid, Spain..
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Molcas 8: New capabilities for multiconfigurational quantum chemical calculations across the periodic table2016In: Journal of Computational Chemistry, ISSN 0192-8651, E-ISSN 1096-987X, Vol. 37, no 5, p. 506-541Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this report, we summarize and describe the recent unique updates and additions to the Molcas quantum chemistry program suite as contained in release version 8. These updates include natural and spin orbitals for studies of magnetic properties, local and linear scaling methods for the Douglas-Kroll-Hess transformation, the generalized active space concept in MCSCF methods, a combination of multiconfigurational wave functions with density functional theory in the MC-PDFT method, additional methods for computation of magnetic properties, methods for diabatization, analytical gradients of state average complete active space SCF in association with density fitting, methods for constrained fragment optimization, large-scale parallel multireference configuration interaction including analytic gradients via the interface to the Columbus package, and approximations of the CASPT2 method to be used for computations of large systems. In addition, the report includes the description of a computational machinery for nonlinear optical spectroscopy through an interface to the QM/MM package Cobramm. Further, a module to run molecular dynamics simulations is added, two surface hopping algorithms are included to enable nonadiabatic calculations, and the DQ method for diabatization is added. Finally, we report on the subject of improvements with respects to alternative file options and parallelization.

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    fulltext
  • 6. Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Boman, Linus
    Boström, Jonas
    Koch, Henrik
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry.
    Sánchez de Merás, Alfredo
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Cholesky decomposition techniques in electronic structure theory2011In: Linear-Scaling Techniques in Computational Chemistry and Physics: Methods and Applications / [ed] R. Zalesny, P. Mezey, M. G. Papadopoulos and J. Leszczynski, Springer, 2011, p. 301-304Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We review recently developed methods to efficiently utilize the Cholesky decomposition technique in electronic structure calculations. The review starts with a brief introduction to the basics of the Cholesky decomposition technique. Subsequently, examples of applications of the technique to ab inito procedures are presented. The technique is demonstrated to be a special type of a resolution-of-identity or density-fitting scheme. This is followed by explicit examples of the Cholesky techniques used in orbital localization, computation of the exchange contributionto the Fock matrix, in MP2, gradient calculations, and so-called method specific Cholesky decomposition. Subsequently, examples of calibration of the method with respect to computed total energies, excitation energies, and auxiliary basis set pruning are presented. In particular, it is demonstrated that the Cholesky method is an unbiased method to derive auxiliary basis sets. Furthermore, details of the implementational considerations are put forward and examples from a parallel Cholesky decomposition scheme is presented. Finally, an outlook and perspectives are presented, followed by a summary and conclusions section. We are of the opinion that the Cholesky decomposition method is a technique that has been overlooked for too long. We have just recently started to understand how to efficiently incorporate the method in existing ab initio programs. The full potential of the Cholesky technique has not yet been fully explored.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 7. Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    De Vito, Luca
    Ferré, Nicolas
    Chigo, Giovanni
    Malmqvist, Per-Åke
    Neogrády, Pavel
    Pedersen, Tjomas Bono
    Pitoňák, Michak
    Reiher, Markus
    Roos, Björn O
    Serrano-Andrés, Luis
    Miroslav, Urban
    Veryazov, Valera
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Software news and update MOLCAS 7: The Next Generation2010In: Journal of Computational Chemistry, ISSN 0192-8651, E-ISSN 1096-987X, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 224-247Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Some of the new unique features of the MOLCAS quantum chemistry package version 7 are presented in this report. In particular, the Cholesky decomposition method applied to some quantum chemical methods is described. This approach is used both in the context of a straight forward approximation of the two-electron integrals and in the generation of so-called auxiliary basis sets. The article describes how the method is implemented for most known wave functions models: self-consistent field, density functional theory, 2nd order perturbation theory, complete-active space self-consistent field multiconfigurational reference 2nd order perturbation theory, and coupled-cluster methods. The report further elaborates on the implementation of a restricted-active space self-consistent field reference function in conjunction with 2nd order perturbation theory. The average atomic natural orbital basis for relativistic calculations, covering the whole periodic table, are described and associated unique properties are demonstrated. Furthermore, the use of the arbitrary order Douglas-Kroll-Hess transformation for one-component relativistic calculations and its implementation are discussed. This section especially focuses on the implementation of the so-called picture-change-free atomic orbital property integrals. Moreover, the ElectroStatic Potential Fitted scheme, a version of a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics hybrid method implemented in MOLCAS, is described and discussed. Finally, the report discusses the use of the MOLCAS package for advanced studies of photo chemical phenomena and the usefulness of the algorithms for constrained geometry optimization in MOLCAS in association with such studies.

  • 8.
    Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim G Ciamician, Bologna, Italy..
    Delcey, Mickael G.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA USA.;Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Ctr Theoret & Computat Chem, Oslo, Norway..
    Fernández Galván, Ignacio
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry. Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem Angstrom, Theoret Chem Programme, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Inner projection techniques for the low-cost handling of two-electron integrals in quantum chemistry2017In: Molecular Physics, ISSN 0026-8976, E-ISSN 1362-3028, Vol. 115, no 17-18, p. 2052-2064Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The density-fitting technique for approximating electron-repulsion integrals relies on the quality of auxiliary basis sets. These are commonly obtained through data fitting, an approach that presents some shortcomings. On the other hand, it is possible to derive auxiliary basis sets by removing elements from the product space of both contracted and primitive orbitals by means of a particular form of inner projection technique that has come to be known as Cholesky decomposition (CD). This procedure allows for on-the-fly construction of auxiliary basis sets that may be used in conjunction with any quantum chemical method, i.e. unbiased auxiliary basis sets. One key feature of these sets is that they represent the electron-repulsion integral matrix in atomic orbital basis with an accuracy that can be systematically improved. Another key feature is represented by the fact that locality of fitting coefficients is obtained even with the long-ranged Coulomb metric, as result of integral accuracy. Here we report on recent advances in the development of the CD-based density fitting technology. In particular, the implementation of analytical gradients algorithms is reviewed and the present status of local formulations - potentially linear scaling - is analysed in detail.

  • 9. Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Gagliardi, Laura
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Atomic Cholesky decompositions: A route to unbiased auxiliary basis sets for density fitting approximation with tunable accuracy and efficiency2009In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 130, p. 154107-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cholesky decomposition of the atomic two-electron integral matrix has recently been proposed as a procedure for automated generation of auxiliary basis sets for the density fitting approximation [F. Aquilante , J. Chem. Phys. 127, 114107 (2007)]. In order to increase computational performance while maintaining accuracy, we propose here to reduce the number of primitive Gaussian functions of the contracted auxiliary basis functions by means of a second Cholesky decomposition. Test calculations show that this procedure is most beneficial in conjunction with highly contracted atomic orbital basis sets such as atomic natural orbitals, and that the error resulting from the second decomposition is negligible. We also demonstrate theoretically as well as computationally that the locality of the fitting coefficients can be controlled by means of the decomposition threshold even with the long-ranged Coulomb metric. Cholesky decomposition-based auxiliary basis sets are thus ideally suited for local density fitting approximations.

  • 10. Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Analytic derivatives for the Cholesky representation of the two-electron integrals2008In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 129, no 3, p. 034106-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a formalism for calculating analytic derivatives of the electronic energy with respect to nuclear coordinates using Cholesky decomposition of the two-electron integrals. The formalism is derived by exploiting the equivalence of Cholesky decomposition and density fitting when a suitable auxiliary basis set is used for expanding atomic orbital product densities in the latter. An implementation of gradients at the nonhybrid density functional theory level is presented, and sample calculations demonstrate that the errors in equilibrium geometries due to the Cholesky representation of the integrals can be controlled by adjusting the decomposition threshold.

  • 11. Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Unbiased auxiliary basis sets for accurate two-electron integral approximations2007In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 127, no 11, p. 114107-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose Cholesky decomposition (CD) of the atomic two-electron integral matrix as a robust and general technique for generating auxiliary basis sets for the density fitting approximation. The atomic CD (aCD) auxiliary basis set is calculated on the fly and is not biased toward a particular quantum chemical method. Moreover, the accuracy of the aCD basis set can be controlled with a single parameter.

  • 12. Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Low-cost evaluation of the exchange Fock matrix from Cholesky and density fitting representations of the electron repulsion integrals2007In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 126, no 19, p. 194106-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The authors propose a new algorithm, “local K” (LK), for fast evaluation of the exchange Fock matrix in case the Cholesky decomposition of the electron repulsion integrals is used. The novelty lies in the fact that rigorous upper bounds to the contribution from each occupied orbital to the exchange Fock matrix are employed. By formulating these inequalities in terms of localized orbitals, the scaling of computing the exchange Fock matrix is reduced from quartic to quadratic with only negligible prescreening overhead and strict error control. Compared to the unscreened Cholesky algorithm, the computational saving is substantial for systems of medium and large sizes. By virtue of its general formulation, the LK algorithm can be used also within the class of methods that employ auxiliary basis set expansions for representing the electron repulsion integrals.

  • 13. Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Roos, Björn Olof
    De Merás, Alfredo Sánchez
    Koch, Henrik
    Accurate ab initio density fitting for multiconfigurational self-consistent field methods2008In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 129, no 2, p. 024113-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using Cholesky decomposition and density fitting to approximate the electron repulsion integrals, an implementation of the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method suitable for large-scale applications is presented. Sample calculations on benzene, diaquo-tetra-mu-acetato-dicopper(II), and diuraniumendofullerene demonstrate that the Cholesky and density fitting approximations allow larger basis sets and larger systems to be treated at the CASSCF level of theory with controllable accuracy. While strict error control is an inherent property of the Cholesky approximation, errors arising from the density fitting approach are managed by using a recently proposed class of auxiliary basis sets constructed from Cholesky decomposition of the atomic electron repulsion integrals.

  • 14.
    Aquilante, Francesco
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Veryazov, Valera
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    MOLCAS—a software for multiconfigurational quantum chemistry calculations2013In: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science, ISSN 1759-0876, Vol. 3, no 2, p. 143-149Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    At variance, with most of the quantum chemistry software presently available, MOLCAS is a package that is specialized in multiconfigurational wave function theory (MC-WFT) rather than density functional theory (DFT). Given the much higher algorithmic complexity of MC-WFT versus DFT, an extraordinary effort needs to be made from the programming point of view to achieve state-of-the-art performance for large-scale calculations. In particular, a robust and efficient implementation of the Cholesky decomposition techniques for handling two-electron integrals has been developed which is unique to MOLCAS. Together with this 'Cholesky infrastructure', a powerful and multilayer graphical and scripting user interface is available, which is an essential ingredient for the setup of MC-WFT calculations. These two aspects of the MOLCAS software constitute the focus of the present report.

  • 15.
    Aspuru-Guzik, Alan
    et al.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.;Canadian Inst Adv Res CIFAR, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada..
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry. Uppsala Univ, Theoret Chem Programme, Dept CUppsala Univ, Uppsala Ctr Computat Chem UC3, Box 518, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Reiher, Markus
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland..
    The Matter Simulation (R)evolution2018In: ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE, ISSN 2374-7943, Vol. 4, no 2, p. 144-152Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To date, the program for the development of methods and models for atomistic and continuum simulation directed toward chemicals and materials has reached an incredible degree of sophistication and maturity. Currently, one can witness an increasingly rapid emergence of advances in computing, artificial intelligence, and robotics. This drives us to consider the future of computer simulation of matter from the molecular to the human length and time scales in a radical way that deliberately dares to go beyond the foreseeable next steps in any given discipline. This perspective article presents a view on this future development that we believe is likely to become a reality during our lifetime.

  • 16.
    Atsumi, Michiko
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Gonzalez, Leticia
    Gourlaouen, Christophe
    Daniel, Chantal
    Ab initio and DFT analysis of the low-lying electronic states of metal dihalides: quantum chemical calculations on the neutral BrMCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au)2013In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, ISSN 1463-9076, E-ISSN 1463-9084, Vol. 15, no 25, p. 10151-10157Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The electronic configuration of the electronic ground and low-lying doublet excited states of neutral metal dihalides BrMCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au) has been investigated on the basis of CASSCF/CASPT2 methods taking into account scalar relativistic effects. A preliminary study of the electronic problem in BrAgCl, based on DFT and CASSCF/CASPT2 approaches and using various basis sets, namely relativistic all-electron basis sets, effective core potentials and ab initio model potentials (AIMP), as well as non-relativistic AIMP is discussed. It is shown that single-determinant methods are not flexible enough to describe the bonding of the neutral species in the electronic ground state regardless of the basis set. The failure to allocate the single electron of BrAgCl correlates with a wrong charge distribution within the complex, which is more accentuated when using pseudopotential basis sets. The inclusion of static and dynamic correlation effects by means of CASSCF/CASPT2 methods using large relativistic all-electron basis sets provides a correct qualitative picture of the electronic structure of the BrMCl series (M = Cu, Ag, Au). The spin unrestricted KS-DFT approach leads to a reasonable description of the degenerate electronic ground state ((2)Sigma/(2)Pi) bonding in these complexes with negligible spin contamination providing comparative spin densities in the series of molecules under investigation.

  • 17.
    Augusto, Felipe A.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Fundamental, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 748, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Francés-Monerris, Antonio
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry. Univ Valencia, Inst Ciencia Mol, POB 22085, Valencia 46071, Spain..
    Fdez. Galván, Ignacio
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Roca-Sanjuán, Daniel
    Univ Valencia, Inst Ciencia Mol, POB 22085, Valencia 46071, Spain..
    Bastos, Erick L.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Fundamental, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 748, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Baader, Wilhelm J.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Fundamental, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 748, Sao Paulo, Brazil..
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Mechanism of activated chemiluminescence of cyclic peroxides: 1,2-dioxetanes and 1,2-dioxetanones2017In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, ISSN 1463-9076, E-ISSN 1463-9084, Vol. 19, no 5, p. 3955-3962Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Almost all chemiluminescent and bioluminescent reactions involve cyclic peroxides. The structure of the peroxide and reaction conditions determine the quantum efficiency of light emission. Oxidizable fluorophores, the so-called activators, react with 1,2-dioxetanones promoting the former to their first singlet excited state. This transformation is inefficient and does not occur with 1,2-dioxetanes; however, they have been used as models for the efficient firefly bioluminescence. In this work, we use the SA-CASSCF/CASPT2 method to investigate the activated chemiexcitation of the parent 1,2-dioxetane and 1,2-dioxetanone. Our findings suggest that ground state decomposition of the peroxide competes efficiently with the chemiexcitation pathway, in agreement with the available experimental data. The formation of non-emissive triplet excited species is proposed to explain the low emission efficiency of the activated decomposition of 1,2-dioxetanone. Chemiexcitation is rationalized considering a peroxide/activator supermolecule undergoing an electron-transfer reaction followed by internal conversion.

  • 18.
    Aurbakken, Einar
    et al.
    Univ Oslo, Hylleraas Ctr Quantum Mol Sci, Dept Chem, N-0371 Oslo, Norway..
    Sverdrup Ofstad, Benedicte
    Univ Oslo, Hylleraas Ctr Quantum Mol Sci, Dept Chem, N-0371 Oslo, Norway..
    Kristiansen, Håkon Emil
    Univ Oslo, Hylleraas Ctr Quantum Mol Sci, Dept Chem, N-0371 Oslo, Norway..
    Sigmundson Schøyen, Øyvind
    Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0371 Oslo, Norway..
    Kvaal, Simen
    Univ Oslo, Hylleraas Ctr Quantum Mol Sci, Dept Chem, N-0371 Oslo, Norway..
    Kragh Sørensen, Lasse
    Univ Southern Denmark, Univ Lib, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark..
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Bondo Pedersen, Thomas
    Univ Oslo, Hylleraas Ctr Quantum Mol Sci, Dept Chem, N-0371 Oslo, Norway..
    Transient spectroscopy from time-dependent electronic-structure theory without multipole expansions2024In: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information, ISSN 2469-9926, E-ISSN 2469-9934, Vol. 109, no 1, article id 013109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Based on the work done by an electromagnetic field on an atomic or molecular electronic system, a general gauge-invariant formulation of transient absorption spectroscopy is presented within the semiclassical approximation. Avoiding multipole expansions, a computationally viable expression for the spectral response function is derived from the minimal-coupling Hamiltonian of an electronic system interacting with one or more laser pulses described by a source-free, enveloped electromagnetic vector potential. With a fixed-basis expansion of the electronic wave function, the computational cost of simulations of laser-driven electron dynamics beyond the dipole approximation is the same as simulations adopting the dipole approximation. We illustrate the theory by time-dependent configuration interaction and coupled-cluster simulations of core-level absorption and circular dichroism spectra.

  • 19.
    Bao, Jie J.
    et al.
    Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Hermes, Matthew R.
    Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Pritzker Sch Mol Engn, Dept Chem,Chicago Ctr Theoret Chem, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.;Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA..
    Scott, Thais R.
    Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Pritzker Sch Mol Engn, Dept Chem,Chicago Ctr Theoret Chem, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.;Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA..
    Sand, Andrew M.
    Butler Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA..
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Gagliardi, Laura
    Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Pritzker Sch Mol Engn, Dept Chem,Chicago Ctr Theoret Chem, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.;Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA..
    Truhlar, Donald G.
    Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.;Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA..
    Analytic gradients for compressed multistate pair-density functional theory2022In: Molecular Physics, ISSN 0026-8976, E-ISSN 1362-3028, Vol. 120, no 19-20, article id e2110534Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photochemical reactions often involve states that are closely coupled due to near degeneracies, for example by proximity to conical intersections. Therefore, a multistate method is used to accurately describe these states; for example, ordinary perturbation theory is replaced by quasidegenerate perturbation theory. Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) provides an efficient way to approximate the full dynamical correlation energy of strongly correlated systems, and we recently proposed compressed multistate pair-density functional theory (CMS-PDFT) to treat closely coupled states. In the present paper, we report the implementation of analytic gradients for CMS-PDFT in both OpenMolcas and PySCF, and we illustrate the use of these gradients by applying the method to the excited states of formaldehyde and phenol.

  • 20. Barnes, Leslie A
    et al.
    Lie, Bowen
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Structure and energetics of Cr(CO)6 and Cr(CO)51993In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 98, no 5, p. 3978-3989Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The geometric structure of Cr(CO)6 is optimized at the modified coupled-pair functional (MCPF), single and double excitation coupled-cluster (CCSD), and CCSD(T) levels of theory (including a perturbational estimate for connected triple excitations), and the force constants for the totally symmetric representation are determined. The geometry of Cr(CO)5 is partially optimized at the MCPF, CCSD, and CCSD(T) levels of theory. Comparison with experimental data shows that the CCSD(T) method gives the best results for the structures and force constants, and that remaining errors are probably due to deficiencies in the one-particle basis sets used for CO. The total binding energies of Cr(CO)6 and Cr(CO)5 are also determined at the MCPF, CCSD, and CCSD(T) levels of theory. The CCSD(T) method gives a much larger total binding energy than either the MCPF or CCSD methods. An analysis of the basis set superposition error (BSSE) at the MCPF level of treatment points out limitations in the one-particle basis used here and in a previous study. Calculations using larger basis sets reduce the BSSE, but the total binding energy of Cr(CO)6 is Still Significantly smaller than the experimental value, although the first CO bond dissociation energy of Cr(CO)6 is well described. An investigation of 3s3p correlation reveals only a small effect. In the largest basis set, the total CO binding energy of Cr(CO)6 is estimated to be 140 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T) level of theory, or about 86% of the experimental value. The remaining discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical value is probably due to limitations in the one-particle basis, rather than limitations in the correlation treatment. In particular, an additional d function and an f function on each C and 0 are needed to obtain quantitative results. This is underscored by the fact that even using a very large primitive set (1042 primitive functions contracted to 300 basis functions), the superposition error for the total binding energy of Cr(CO)6 is 22 kcal/mol at the MCPF level of treatment.

  • 21. Barnes, Leslie A
    et al.
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Symmetry breaking in O+4: an application of the Brueckner coupled-cluster method1994In: Chemical Physics Letters, ISSN 0009-2614, E-ISSN 1873-4448, Vol. 223, no 3, p. 207-214Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A recent calculation of the antisymmetric stretch frequency for the rectangular structure of quartet O4+ using the QCISD(T) method gave a value of 3710 cin-1. This anomalous frequency is shown to be a consequence of symmetry-breaking effects, which occur even though the QCISD(T) solution derived from a delocalized SCF reference function lies energetically well below the two localized (symmetry-broken) solutions at the equilibrium geometry. The symmetry breaking is almost eliminated at the CCSD level of theory, but the small remaining symmetry-breaking effects are magnified at the CCSD (T) level of theory so that the antisymmetric stretch frequency is still significantly in error. The Brueckner coupled-cluster method, however, leads to a symmetrical solution which is free of symmetry-breaking effects, with an antisymmetric stretch frequency of 1322 cm-1, in good agreement with our earlier calculations using the CASSCF/CASSI method.

  • 22. Barnes, Leslie A
    et al.
    Liu, Bowen
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Bond length, dipole moment, and harmonic frequency of CO1993In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 98, no 5, p. 3972-3977Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A detailed comparison of some properties of CO is given, at the modified coupled-pair functional, single and double excitation coupled-cluster (CCSD), and CCSD(T) levels of theory (including a perturbational estimate for connected triple excitations), using a variety of basis sets. With very large one-particle basis sets, the CCSD(T) method gives excellent results for the bond distance, dipole moment, and harmonic frequency of CO. In a [6s 5p 4d 3f 2g 1h] + (1s 1p 1d) basis set, the bond distance is about 0.005a0 too large, the dipole moment about 0.005 a.u. too small, and the frequency about 6 cm-1 too small, when compared with experimental results.

  • 23. Barone, Giampaolo
    et al.
    Mastalerz, Remigius
    Reiher, Markus
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Nuclear quadrupole moment of Sn-1192008In: Journal of Physical Chemistry A, ISSN 1089-5639, E-ISSN 1520-5215, Vol. 112, no 7, p. 1666-1672Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Second-order scalar-relativistic Douglas-Kroll-Hess density functional calculations of the electric field gradient, including an analytic correction of the picture change error, were performed for 34 tin compounds of which molecular structures and Sn-119 Mossbauer spectroscopy parameters are experimentally known. The components of the diagonalized electric field gradient tensor, V-xx,V-yy, V-zz, were used to determine the quantity V, which is proportional to the nuclear quadrupole splitting parameter Delta E. The slope of the linear correlation plot of the experimentally determined Delta E parameter versus the corresponding calculated V data allowed us to obtain an absolute value of the nuclear quadrupole moment Q of Sn-119 equal to Q = 13.2 +/- 0.1 fm(2). This is about 11% larger than the picture-change-error-affected value and in good agreement with previous estimates of the picture change error in compounds of similar atomic charge. Moreover, despite the variety of the tin compounds considered in this study, the new result is in excellent agreement with the previously determined most accurate value of Q for Sn-119 of Q = 12.8 +/- 0.7 fm(2), but with a noticeably narrower error bar. The reliability of the calibration method in the calculation of the Delta E parameter of tin compounds is within a margin of +/- 0.3 mm s(-1) when compared to experimental data and does not depend on the inclusion of the picture change correction in the density functional calculations but is essentially determined by the use of an atomic natural orbital relativistic core-correlated basis set for the description of the core electron density. The results obtained suggest that the present picture-change-corrected Douglas-Kroll-Hess approach provides reliable electric field gradients in the case of closed-shell metal compounds involving elements up to the fifth row of the periodic table for which spin-orbit coupling is negligible.

  • 24.
    Battaglia, Stefano
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Fransén, Lina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC.
    Fernández Galván, Ignacio
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Regularized CASPT2: an Intruder-State-Free Approach2022In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 18, no 8, p. 4814-4825Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work we present a new approach to fix the intruder-state problem (ISP) in CASPT2 based on sigma p regularization. The resulting sigma(p)-CASPT2 method is compared to previous techniques, namely, the real and imaginary level shifts, on a theoretical basis and by performing a series of systematic calculations. The analysis is focused on two aspects, the effectiveness of sigma(p)-CASPT2 in removing the ISP and the sensitivity of the approach with respect to the input parameter. We found that sigma p- CASPT2 compares favorably with respect to previous approaches and that different versions, sigma(1)-CASPT2 and sigma(2)-CASPT2, have different potential application domains. This analysis also reveals the unsuitability of the real level shift technique as a general way to avoid the intruder-state problem.

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    fulltext
  • 25.
    Battaglia, Stefano
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Extended Dynamically Weighted CASPT2: The Best of Two Worlds2020In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 1555-1567Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We introduce a new variant of the complete active A space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) method that performs similarly to multistate CASPT2 (MS-CASPT2) in regions of the potential energy surface where the electronic states are energetically well separated and is akin to extended MS-CASPT2 (XMS-CASPT2) in case the underlying zeroth-order references are near-degenerate. Our approach follows a recipe analogous to that of XMS-CASPT2 to ensure approximate invariance under unitary transformations of the model states and a dynamic weighting scheme to smoothly interpolate the Fock operator between state-specific and state-average regimes. The resulting extended dynamically weighted CASPT2 (XDW-CASPT2) methodology possesses the most desirable features of both MS-CASPT2 and XMS-CASPT2, that is, the ability to provide accurate transition energies and correctly describe avoided crossings and conical intersections. The reliability of XDW-CASPT2 is assessed on a number of molecular systems. First, we consider the dissociation of lithium fluoride, highlighting the distinctive characteristics of the new approach. Second, the invariance of the theory is investigated by studying the conical intersection of the distorted allene molecule. Finally, the relative accuracy in the calculation of vertical excitation energies is benchmarked on a set of 26 organic compounds. We found that XDW-CASPT2, albeit being only approximately invariant, produces smooth potential energy surfaces around conical intersections and avoided crossings, performing equally well to the strictly invariant XMS-CASPT2 method. The accuracy of vertical transition energies is almost identical to MS-CASPT2, with a mean absolute deviation of 0.01-0.02 eV, in contrast to 0.12 eV for XMS-CASPT2.

  • 26.
    Battaglia, Stefano
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    On the role of symmetry in XDW-CASPT22021In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 154, no 3, article id 034102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Herewith, we propose two new exponents for the recently introduced XDW-CASPT2 method [S. Battaglia and R. Lindh, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 16, 1555-1567 (2020)], which fix one of the largest issues hindering this approach. By using the first-order effective Hamiltonian coupling elements, the weighting scheme implicitly takes into account the symmetry of the states, thereby averaging Fock operators only if the zeroth-order wave functions interact with each other. The use of Hamiltonian couplings also provides a physically sounder approach to quantitate the relative weights; however, it introduces new difficulties when these rapidly die off to zero. The improved XDW-CASPT2 method is critically tested on several systems of photochemical relevance, and it is shown that it succeeds in its original intent of maintaining MS-CASPT2 accuracy for the evaluation of transition energies and at the same time providing smooth potential energy surfaces around near-degenerate points akin to XMS-CASPT2.

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  • 27. Bernhardsson, Anders
    et al.
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Karlström, Gunnar
    Roos, Björn O
    Direct self-consistent reaction field with Pauli repulsion: Solvation effects on methylene peroxide1996In: Chemical Physics Letters, ISSN 0009-2614, E-ISSN 1873-4448, Vol. 251, no 3-4, p. 141-149Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The properties of methylene peroxide in the gas phase and water have been examined. The solution effects have been modeled with a cavity. To make it possible to optimize the geometry of the cavity, we have added an approximate description of the Pauli repulsion between the solvent and the solute. An efficient direct implementation of the calculation of multicenter multipole operators is also described. We have applied the method to calculate the electric properties of methylene peroxide, a system that is characterized by its near degeneracy between a biradical and a zwitterionic state. As expected, it is shown that solvent effects will stabilize the ionic configuration, resulting in a considerably weakened OO bond and an increased double bond character in the CO bond. The theoretical study has been performed using the multiconfigurational (CAS) SCF method and second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2).

  • 28. Bernhardsson, Anders
    et al.
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Olsen, Jeppe
    Fülscher, Markus
    A direct implementation of the second-order derivatives of multiconfigurational SCF energies and an analysis of the preconditioning in the associated response equation1999In: Molecular Physics, ISSN 0026-8976, E-ISSN 1362-3028, Vol. 96, no 4, p. 617-628Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A direct implementation of the reduced multiplication scheme of the Rys-Gauss quadrature in the computation of the second-order geometric derivatives for MCSCF wavefunctions is presented. Characteristics unique to this implementation are simultaneous evaluation of first- and second-order two-electron integral derivatives, compact representation of intermediate elements and efficient prescreening. Finally, a novel technique for the preconditioning of the response equations is reported. Applications sizing up to 510 basis functions are included in the presentation.

  • 29.
    Berraud-Pache, Romain
    et al.
    Univ Paris Est, Lab Modelisat & Simulat Multi Echelle, MSME, UMR CNRS 8208,UPEM, 5 Bd Descartes, F-77454 Marne La Vallee, France.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Navizet, Isabelle
    Univ Paris Est, Lab Modelisat & Simulat Multi Echelle, MSME, UMR CNRS 8208,UPEM, 5 Bd Descartes, F-77454 Marne La Vallee, France.
    QM/MM Study of the Formation of the Dioxetanone Ring in Fireflies through a Superoxide Ion2018In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, ISSN 1520-6106, E-ISSN 1520-5207, Vol. 122, no 20, p. 5173-5182Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The bioluminescence emission from fireflies is an astounding tool to mark and view cells. However, the bioluminescent mechanism is not completely deciphered, limiting the comprehension of key processes. We use a theoretical approach to study for the first time the arrival of a dioxygen molecule inside the fireflies protein and one path of the formation of the dioxetanone ring, the high-energy intermediate precursor of the bioluminescence. To describe this reaction step, a joint approach combining classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations is used. The formation of the dioxetanone ring has been studied for both singlet and triplet states with the help of MS-CASPT2 calculations. We also emphasize the role played by the proteinic environment in the formation of the dioxetanone ring. The results obtained shed some light on an important reaction step and give new insights concerning the bioluminescence in fireflies.

  • 30. Bostrom, Jonas
    et al.
    Pitonak, Michal
    Aquilante, Francesco
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Neogrady, Pavel
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Coupled Cluster and Moller-Plesset Perturbation Theory Calculations of Noncovalent Intermolecular Interactions using Density Fitting with Auxiliary Basis Sets from Cholesky Decompositions2012In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 8, no 6, p. 1921-1928Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We compute noncovalent intermolecular interaction energies for the S22 test set [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 1985-1993] of molecules at the Moller-Plesset and coupled cluster levels of supermolecular theory using density fitting (DF) to approximate all two-electron integrals. The error due to the DF approximation is analyzed for a range of auxiliary basis sets derived from Cholesky decomposition (CD) in conjunction with correlation consistent and atomic natural orbital valence basis sets. A Cholesky decomposition threshold of 10(-4)E(h) for full molecular CD and its one-center approximation (1C-CD) generally yields errors below 0.03 kcal/mol, whereas 10(-3)E(h) is sufficient to obtain the same level of accuracy or better with the atomic CD (aCD) and atomic compact CD (acCD) auxiliary basis sets. Comparing to commonly used predefined auxiliary basis sets, we find that while the aCD and acCD sets are larger by a factor of 2-4 with triple-zeta AO basis sets, they provide results 1-2 orders of magnitude more accurate.

  • 31. Boström, Jonas
    et al.
    Aquilante, Francesco
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Ab Initio Density Fitting: Accuracy Assessment of Auxiliary Basis Sets from Cholesky Decompositions2009In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 5, no 6, p. 1545-1553Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The accuracy of auxiliary basis sets derived by Cholesky decompositions of the electron repulsion integrals is assessed in a series of benchmarks on total ground state energies and dipole moments of a large test set of molecules. The test set includes molecules composed of atoms from the first three rows of the periodic table as well as transition metals. The accuracy of the auxiliary basis sets are tested for the 6-31 G**, correlation consistent, and atomic natural orbital basis sets at the Hartree-Fock, density functional theory, and second-order Moller-Plesset levels of theory. By decreasing the decomposition threshold, a hierarchy of auxiliary basis sets is obtained with accuracies ranging from that of standard auxiliary basis sets to that of conventional integral treatments.

  • 32. Boström, Jonas
    et al.
    Aquilante, Francesco
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Analytical gradients of Hartree-Fock exchange with density fitting approximations2013In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 204-212Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We extend the local exchange (LK) algorithm [Aquilante, F.; Pedersen, T. B.; Lindh, R. J. Chem. Phys.2007, 126, 194106] to the calculation of analytical gradients with density fitting. We discuss the features of the screening procedure and demonstrate the possible advantages of using this formulation, which is easily interfaced to a standard integral-direct gradient code. With auxiliary basis sets obtained from Cholesky decomposition of atomic or molecular integral blocks with a decomposition threshold of 10-4Eh, typical errors due to the density fitting in bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles are 0.1 pm, 0.1°, and 0.5°, respectively. The overall speedup of geometry optimizations is about 1 order of magnitude for atomic natural-orbital-type basis sets but much less pronounced for correlation-consistent basis sets.

  • 33. Boström, Jonas
    et al.
    Delcey, Mickael G
    Aquilante, Francesco
    Serrano-Andrés, Luis
    Bondo Pedersen, Tomas
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Calibration of Cholesky Auxiliary Basis Sets for Multiconfigurational Perturbation Theory Calculations of Excitation Energies2010In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 6, no 3, p. 747-754Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The accuracy of auxiliary basis sets derived from Cholesky decomposition of two-electron integrals is assessed for excitation energies calculated at the state-average complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multiconfigurational second order perturbation theory (CASPT2) levels of theory using segmented as well as generally contracted atomic orbital basis sets. Based on 196 valence excitations in 26 organic molecules and 72 Rydberg excitations in 3 organic molecules, the results show that Cholesky auxiliary basis sets can be used without compromising the accuracy of the multiconfigurational methods. Specifically, with a decomposition threshold of 10(-4) au, the mean error due to the Cholesky auxiliary basis set is 0.001 eV, or smaller, decreasing with increasing atomic orbital basis set quality.

  • 34. Boström, Jonas
    et al.
    Veryazov, Valera
    Aquilante, Francesco
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Bondo Pedersen, Thomas
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Analytical gradients of the second-order Møller–Plesset energy using Cholesky decompositions2014In: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, ISSN 0020-7608, E-ISSN 1097-461X, Vol. 114, no 5, p. 321-327Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An algorithm for computing analytical gradients of the second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) energy using density fitting (DF) is presented. The algorithm assumes that the underlying canonical Hartree–Fock reference is obtained with the same auxiliary basis set, which we obtain by Cholesky decomposition (CD) of atomic electron repulsion integrals. CD is also used for the negative semidefinite MP2 amplitude matrix. Test calculations on the weakly interacting dimers of the S22 test set (Jurečka et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 1985) show that the geometry errors due to the auxiliary basis set are negligible. With double-zeta basis sets, the error due to the DF approximation in intermolecular bond lengths is better than 0.1 pm. The computational time is typically reduced by a factor of 6–7.

  • 35. Chen, Shu-Feng
    et al.
    Liu, Ya-Jun
    Liu, Feng-Yi
    De Vico, Luca
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Multireference calculations on the chemical origin and mechanism of firefly bioluminescence2010In: Abstracts of the 16th International Symposium on Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence – (ISBC 2010): [Published in: Luminescence 2010; 25: 81–216], 2010, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 89-90Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 36. Chen, Shu-Feng
    et al.
    Liu, Ya-Jun
    Navizet, Isabelle
    Ferré, Nicolas
    Fang, Wei-Hai
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry.
    Systematic theoretical investigation on the light emitter of firefly2011In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 798-803Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This is a systematic theoretical investigation on all the possible light emitters of firefly using multireference method. Six chemical forms of oxyluciferin (OxyLH2) molecules/anions were studied by a multi-state complete active space second order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) method in vacuum and DMSO. The calculated results and subsequent analysis excluded enol-OxyLH2, keto-OxyLH2 and enolate-OxyLH- as possible light emitters. The remaining three candidates, phenolate-enol-OxyLH-, phenolate-keto-OxyLH- and OxyL2-, were further investigated in protein by a MS-CASPT2/molecular mechanics (MM) study to explain the natural bioluminescence of firefly. By comparison of the MS-CASPT2/MM calculated results of phenolate-enol-OxyLH-, phenolate-keto-OxyLH- and OxyL2- with the experimental observation and detailed analysis, we concluded that the direct decomposition excited-state product of firefly dioxetanone in vivo and the only light emitter of firefly in natural bioluminescence is the first singlet exited state (S1) of phenolate-keto-OxyLH-.

  • 37. Chen, Shufeng
    et al.
    Navizet, Isabelle
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström.
    Liu, Yajun
    Ferre, Nicolas
    Bioluminescence of Obelin: identification of the light emitters using QM/MM models2014In: Luminescence (Chichester, England Print), ISSN 1522-7235, E-ISSN 1522-7243, Vol. 29, p. 19-19Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 38. Chen, Shufeng
    et al.
    Navizet, Isabelle
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Liu, Yajun
    Ferre, Nicolas
    Hybrid QM/MM Simulations of the Obelin Bioluminescence and Fluorescence Reveal an Unexpected Light Emitter2014In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, ISSN 1520-6106, E-ISSN 1520-5207, Vol. 118, no 11, p. 2896-2903Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Obelia longissima, a tiny hydrozoan living in temperate and cold seas, features the Obelin photoprotein, which emits blue light. The Obelin bioluminescence and the Ca2+-discharged Obelin fluorescence spectra show multimodal characteristics that are currently interpreted by the concomitant participation of several light emitters. Up to now, the coelenteramide luminophore is thought to exist in different protonation states, one of them engaged in an ion-pair with the nearby residue, His22. Using hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations, we demonstrate that such an ion-pair cannot exist as a stable light emitter. However, when His22 electric neutrality is maintained by means of another proton transfer, the phenolate state of coelenteramide exhibits emission properties in agreement with experiment. Finally, an alternative nonradiative decay pathway, involving the formation of a diradical excited state, is postulated for the first time.

  • 39. Chen, Shu-Feng
    et al.
    Navizet, Isabelle
    Roca-Sanjuán, Daniel
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Liu, Ya-Jun
    Ferre, Nicolas
    Chemiluminescence of Coelenterazine and Fluorescence of Coelenteramide: A Systematic Theoretical Study2012In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 8, no 8, p. 2796-2807Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A systematic investigation of the structural and spectroscopic properties of coelenteramide has been performed at the TD-CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory, including various fluorescence and chemiluminescence states. The influence of geometric conformations, solvent polarity, protonation state, and the covalent character of the O-H bond of the hydroxyphenyl moiety were carefully studied. Striking differences in geometries and electronic structures among the states responsible for light emission were characterized. All fluorescence states can be described as a limited charge transfer process for a planar amide moiety. However, the chemiluminescence state is characterized by a much larger charge transfer that takes place over a longer distance. Moreover, the chemiluminescent coelenteramide structure exhibits an amide moiety that is no longer planar, in agreement with recent, more accurate ab initio results [Roca-Sanjuan et al J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2011, 7, 4060] Because the chemiluminescence state appears to be completely dark, a new mechanism is tentatively introduced for this process.

  • 40. Chen, Shu-Feng
    et al.
    Yue, Ling
    Liu, Ya-Jun
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry.
    Multireference theoretical studies on the solvent effect of firefly multicolor bioluminescence2011In: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, ISSN 0020-7608, E-ISSN 1097-461X, Vol. 111, no 13, p. 3371-3377Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In concert with the recent spectroscopic studies of the light-color modulation mechanism of firefly (Hirano et al., J Am Chem Soc 2009, 131, 2385), quantum chemical calculations using complete active space SCF (CASSCF), multistate complete active space second order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) theory as well as a time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach with the Coulomb attenuated hybrid exchange-correlation functional (CAM-B3LYP) were performed on the excited state (S1) of the keto-form oxyluciferin (keto-OxyLH2). Benzene, DMSO, CH3CN, and H2O were chosen as polar solvents. The polarization effect of less polar solvent was considered by a simple model, complex of keto-OxyLH2, and NH3 with different covalent character. The calculated results supported the experimental conclusion: (1) the light emitter of bioluminescence is the S1 state of keto-OxyLH2 anion [(keto-1)*], and (2) light emission from (keto-1)* is modulated by the polarity of surrounding environment and the degree of covalent character of hydrogen bond between (keto-1)* and a protonated basic moiety. The mechanism of the multicolor bioluminescence was discussed from the theoretical viewpoint.

  • 41. Choe, Yong-Kee
    et al.
    Nakajima, Takahito
    Hirao, Kimihiko
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Theoretical study of the electronic ground state of iron(II) porphine. II1999In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 111, no 9, p. 3837-3845Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ten low-lying electronic states of Fe(II) porphine, (5)A(1g), E-5(g), B-5(2g), (3)A(2g), B-3(2g), E-3(g)(A), E-3(g)(B), (1)A(1g), B-1(2g), and E-1(g) states, are studied with multiconfigurational second-order perturbation (CASPT2) calculations with complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) reference functions with larger active space and basis sets. The enlargement of active space and basis sets has no influence on the conclusion of a previous multireference Moller-Plesset perturbation (MRMP) study. The present CASPT2 calculation concludes that the (5)A(1g) state is the ground state. A relativistic correction has been performed by the relativistic scheme of eliminating small components (RESC). For energetics, no significant contribution from the relativistic correction was found. The relative energies and orbital energies are not changed appreciably by the introduction of a relativistic correction. The present result does not agree with all the spectroscopic observations, but is consistent with a magnetic moment study.

  • 42. Chwee, Tsz S
    et al.
    Szilva, Andrew B
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Carter, Emily A
    Linear scaling multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction2008In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 128, no 22, p. 224106-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A linear scaling multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) method has been developed. By using localized bases to span the occupied and virtual subspace, local truncation schemes can be applied in tandem with integral screening to reduce the various bottlenecks in a MRSDCI calculation. Among these, the evaluation of electron repulsion integrals and their subsequent transformation, together with the diagonalization of the large CI Hamiltonian matrix, correspond to the most computationally intensive steps in a MRSDCI calculation. We show that linear scaling is possible within each step. The scaling of the method with system size is explored with a system of linear alkane chains and we proceed to demonstrate this method can produce smooth potential energy surfaces via calculating the dissociation of trans-6-dodecene (C12H24) along the central C=C bond.

  • 43. Cuéllar-Zuquin, Juliana
    et al.
    Pepino, Ana Julieta
    Fernández Galván, Ignacio
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Rivalta, Ivan
    Aquilante, Francesco
    Garavelli, Marco
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Segarra-Martí, Javier
    Characterizing Conical Intersections in DNA/RNA Nucleobases with Multiconfigurational Wave Functions of Varying Active Space Size2023In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 19, no 22, p. 8258-8272Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We characterize the photochemically relevant conical intersections between the lowest-lying accessible electronic excited states of the different DNA/RNA nucleobases using Cholesky decomposition-based complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) algorithms. We benchmark two different basis set contractions and several active spaces for each nucleobase and conical intersection type, measuring for the first time how active space size affects conical intersection topographies in these systems and the potential implications these may have toward their description of photoinduced phenomena. Our results show that conical intersection topographies are highly sensitive to the electron correlation included in the model: by changing the amount (and type) of correlated orbitals, conical intersection topographies vastly change, and the changes observed do not follow any converging pattern toward the topographies obtained with the largest and most correlated active spaces. Comparison across systems shows analogous topographies for almost all intersections mediating population transfer to the dark 1nO/Nπ* states, while no similarities are observed for the "ethylene-like" conical intersection ascribed to mediate the ultrafast decay component to the ground state in all DNA/RNA nucleobases. Basis set size seems to have a minor effect, appearing to be relevant only for purine-based derivatives. We rule out structural changes as a key factor in classifying the different conical intersections, which display almost identical geometries across active space and basis set change, and we highlight instead the importance of correctly describing the electronic states involved at these crossing points. Our work shows that careful active space selection is essential to accurately describe conical intersection topographies and therefore to adequately account for their active role in molecular photochemistry.

  • 44. de Jong, Wibe A
    et al.
    Bylaska, Eric
    Govind, Niranjan
    Janssen, Curtis L
    Kowalski, Karol
    Müller, Thomas
    Nielsen, Ida M B
    van Dam, Hubertus J J
    Veryazov, Valera
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry.
    Utilizing high performance computing for chemistry: parallel computational chemistry2010In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, ISSN 1463-9076, E-ISSN 1463-9084, Vol. 12, no 26, p. 6896-6920Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Parallel hardware has become readily available to the computational chemistry research community. This perspective will review the current state of parallel computational chemistry software utilizing high-performance parallel computing platforms. Hardware and software trends and their effect on quantum chemistry methodologies, algorithms, and software development will also be discussed.

  • 45. De Vico, Luca
    et al.
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Location of Two Seams in the Proximity of the C-2v pi pi Minimum Energy Path of Formaldehyde2009In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 186-191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photochemical reactions rationalization is a key aspect for the understanding and setup of novel experiment and novel photoinitiated pathways. In this respect, the relationship between minimum energy paths over an excited-state and the intersection to lower potential energy surfaces is fundamental. In order to help the understanding of this relationship, in this study we present a novel kind of constraint for geometry optimizations, namely, an “orthogonality” constraint. Its possible applications are described. A complete example on how to retrieve the direct relationship between a minimum energy path over an excited-state potential energy surface and a conical intersection seam is given for C-2v symmetry constrained formaldehyde. The advantages of using the novel constraint when rationalizing a (photo)chemical reaction are presented.

  • 46. De Vico, Luca
    et al.
    Liu, Ya-Jun
    Krogh, Jesper Wisborg
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    Chemiluminescence of 1,2-dioxetane. Reaction mechanism uncovered2007In: Journal of Physical Chemistry A, ISSN 1089-5639, E-ISSN 1520-5215, Vol. 111, no 32, p. 8013-8019Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The thermal decomposition of 1,2-dioxetane and the associated production of chemiluminescent products, model for a wide range of chemiluminescent reactions, has been studied at the multistate multiconfigurational second-order perturbation level of theory. This study is in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental observations with respect to the activation energy and the observed increase of triplet and singlet excited products as substituents are added to the parent molecule. The, previously incomplete, reaction mechanism of the chemiluminescence of 1,2-dioxetane is now rationalized and described as mainly due to a particular form of entropic trapping.

  • 47. De Vico, Luca
    et al.
    Olivucci, Massimo
    Lindh, Roland
    Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University.
    New general tools for constrained geometry optimizations2005In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, ISSN 1549-9618, E-ISSN 1549-9626, Vol. 1, no 5, p. 1029-1037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A modification of the constrained geometry optimization method by Anglada and Bofill (Anglada, J. M.; Bofill, J. M. J. Comput. Chem. 1997, 18, 992-1003) is designed and implemented. The changes include the choice of projection, quasi-line-search, and the use of a Rational Function optimization approach rather than a reduced-restricted-quasi-Newton-Raphson method in the optimization step. Furthermore, we show how geometrical constrains can be implemented in an approach based on nonreclunclant curvilinear coordinates avoiding the inclusion of the constraints in the set of redundant coordinates used to define the internal coordinates. The behavior of the new implementation is demonstrated in geometry optimizations featuring single or multiple geometrical constraints (bond lengths, angles, etc.), optimizations on hyperspherical cross sections (as in the computation of steepest descent paths), and location of energy minima on the intersection subspace of two potential energy surfaces (i.e. minimum energy crossing points). In addition, a novel scheme to determine the crossing point geometrically nearest to a given molecular structure is proposed.

  • 48.
    Delcey, Mickael
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Aquilante, Francesco
    Pedersen, Thomas B.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Analytical CD/RI-SA-CASSCF gradients: Implementation and performance2014In: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 248Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Delcey, Mickael G
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Couto, Rafael Carvalho
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry. Uppsala Univ, KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Theoret Chem & Biol, Sch Chem Biotechnol & Hlth, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Sorensen, Lasse Kragh
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Theoret Chem & Biol, Sch Chem Biotechnol & Hlth, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Fernández Galván, Ignacio
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry.
    Guo, Meiyuan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala Ctr Computat Chem UC3, POB 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Lundberg, Marcus
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Exact semi-classical light-matter interaction operator applied to two-photon processes with strong relativistic effects2020In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 153, no 2, article id 024114Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    X-ray processes involve interactions with high-energy photons. For these short wavelengths, the perturbing field cannot be treated as constant, and there is a need to go beyond the electric-dipole approximation. The exact semi-classical light-matter interaction operator offers several advantages compared to the multipole expansion such as improved stability and ease of implementation. Here, the exact operator is used to model x-ray scattering in metal K pre-edges. This is a relativistic two-photon process where absorption is dominated by electric-dipole forbidden transitions. With the restricted active space state-interaction approach, spectra can be calculated even for the multiconfigurational wavefunctions including second-order perturbation. However, as the operator itself depends on the transition energy, the cost for evaluating integrals for hundreds of thousands unique transitions becomes a bottleneck. Here, this is solved by calculating the integrals in a molecular-orbital basis that only runs over the active space, combined with a grouping scheme where the operator is the same for close-lying transitions. This speeds up the calculations of single-photon processes and is critical for the modeling of two-photon scattering processes. The new scheme is used to model K alpha resonant inelastic x-ray scattering of iron-porphyrin complexes with relevance to studies of heme enzymes, for which the total computational time is reduced by several orders of magnitude with an effect on transition intensities of 0.1% or less. d (c) 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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  • 50.
    Delcey, Mickaël G.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Freitag, Leon
    Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
    Aquilante, Francesco
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Lindh, Roland
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Science and Technology, Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Theoretical Chemistry.
    Gonzalez, Leticia
    Analytical gradients of complete active space self-consistent field energies using Cholesky decomposition: Geometry optimization and spin-state energetics of a ruthenium nitrosyl complex2014In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 140, no 17, p. 174103-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a formulation of analytical energy gradients at the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) level of theory employing density fitting (DF) techniques to enable efficient geometry optimizations of large systems. As an example, the ground and lowest triplet state geometries of a ruthenium nitrosyl complex are computed at the DF-CASSCF level of theory and compared with structures obtained from density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP, BP86, and M06L functionals. The average deviation of all bond lengths compared to the crystal structure is 0.042 angstrom at the DF-CASSCF level of theory, which is slightly larger but still comparable with the deviations obtained by the tested DFT functionals, e. g., 0.032 angstrom with M06L. Specifically, the root-mean-square deviation between the DF-CASSCF and best DFT coordinates, delivered by BP86, is only 0.08 angstrom for S-0 and 0.11 angstrom for T-1, indicating that the geometries are very similar. While keeping the mean energy gradient errors below 0.25%, the DF technique results in a 13-fold speedup compared to the conventional CASSCF geometry optimization algorithm. Additionally, we assess the singlet-triplet energy vertical and adiabatic differences with multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) using the DF-CASSCF and DFT optimized geometries. It is found that the vertical CASPT2 energies are relatively similar regardless of the geometry employed whereas the adiabatic singlet-triplet gaps are more sensitive to the chosen triplet geometry. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

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